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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 9, 1901)
' ppppwppiuf my mn '"' ' " "MT-frr-p THE MORNING OREOOXIAN, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1901. te rsgemim, "Entered at the PestoSlce at Portland, Oregon, ss secead-class matter. TELEPHONES1 Editorial Booms ICO I Business Office... CCT v REVISED SUBSCRIPTION KATES. Zy Mail ipottace prepaid). In Advance Dally -with fcuiwluy, per menth. .......$ S3 "Dally, Suruay excepted, per year. 7 SO Da Ijr. tvith Sunday, per year..... 9 OQ bus Jay. per jar ............. 2 00 Tro 'Weekly, per year 1 GO The Weekly 3 months ......... K To City Subscribers DaJy, per week, delivered, Sundays cxceptcd.loc Daily, per week delivered, Suadays lnclude(L20e POSTAGE KATES. T'nlted States. Canada aad Mexico; 10 to 10-page paper ....... .lc 16 to 32 pag paper 2c Foreign rates double NewB or discussion intended for publication In The Oregon tan sbould be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan," not to the jiame of any Individual Letters relating to advertis ing, subscription er to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonlan." The Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories from Individuals, aad cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to It -without solici tation. No stamps should be inclosed for this purpose. Puget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson, office at 1111 Pacific avenue, Tacoma. Box .$55, Tama Poetfflce. Eastern Business Office The Tribune hulld lns, New York City; "The Rookery," Chicago; the S C Beckwlth special agency. New York. For sale in San Francisco by J. K. Cooper, 740 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; GolO smirh Bros , 286 Sutter street; F. W. Pitts. 1008 Market street; Fester & Orear, Ferry News stand. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner, 23) So Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 10C So Spring street. For sale in Chicago by the P. O. News Co., 217 Dearborn street. For tale In Omaha by H. C. Shears. 105 N. Sixteenth street, and Barkalow Bros., 1012 Farnam street. ror sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lako News C-- 77 "W. Second South street. Tor sale In New Orleans by Ernest & Co., 115 Royal street On file In Washington D. C. with A. W. Dunn. 600 14th N. W. Tor sale In Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrick. 006-912 Seventh street. t TODAY'S WEATHER. Generally fair and continued cold, northerly winds. rORTLAXD, WEDNESDAY, JAX. O. If The Oregonlan should give notice that, oeglnnlng with tomorrow. It would make careful inquiry to ascer tain the names of all persons who visit gambling-houses and play therein, and that It would publish from day to day a list of suoh names as it could col lect, there could be no method for sup pression of gambling half so effective. The Oregcnian ventures the opinion that this -would put a stop to three fourths of the open gambling in the City, within one week. Do the people of P-rtland want this remedy applied? Do parents, who are not doing their duty, never have done it, want to see the names of sons in this list? Do young men who play wish their em ployers to see their names in it? At a ministers' conference a day or two ago, where this subject of gambling was under consideration, one of the minis ters said that In making the round of places where gambling was going on he had seen at the gaming table a son of a brother minister one of those there present. The name of this son could be published with the rest. Most cf the e lis of gambling are due to the laxity or inefficiency of parental in struction and control. The Oregonlan believes there are too many persons who look to government for physical surport, and too many who look to It for moral health. For itself, it is not able wholly to gat away from the old doctrine of personal, individual and parental responsibility. The best way It can think of for enforcement of such' responsibility in the present case would be to collect and publish the names of the frequenters and players at the gam-bLng-houses. Do the people of Port land tant it done? Some might think It harsh. And yet The Oregonlan hasn't much patience or sympathy with those who expect government to save them frcm temptation, or who depend on po lice regulations for protection of their private meals. General Joseph "Wheeler, In an article in the Independent, on "Tranqullizlng the Philippines," expresses the opin ion that the work that remains for the Army of the United States is not very serious or operose. He doubts whether there are more than three or four thou sand hostile? now In the field against us, and says that these are largely of the handittL that have been ravaging In the Philippines for a hundred yearsx Spain, so far as he could learn during his own stay in the islands, had not made any serious attempt to suppress these robber bands. The Spaniards never had sufficient force to penetrate the Interior, and at the outbreak of the Aguinaldo rebellion In 1S9G there were but 1500 Spanish soldiers In the entire Philippine Archipelago. There were, indeed, 5000 or W0 native troops, but these were chiefly In the larger cities. General "Wheeler believes that we have only to show that we mean well to the people of the islands, and that our oc cupation Is going to be permanent, in order to cause all resistance, except en the part of the mere robbers, to cease. These we ,shall be compelled to crush. Aguinaldo and his followers, General "Wheeler repeats, represent substartially only one tribe, and it is doubtful whether the other tribes or peoples cf the Archipelago would agree ta Tagal domination. In this article General "Wheeler confirms the Judgmont of everj other person who has studied the situation in the Philippines, namely, that the great purpose In the mind, of Aguinaldo and his followers was mere ambition to rule and an eager desire tt f roe, largely for their own benefit, the confiscation of the great property belonging to the religious orders. These w ro the mainsprings of the outbreak against the United States. General An d rson, General Otis and civilians who hae rurned from the Islands have al made substantially the same state ment. It is f-Tty years since General Grant f ught his first battle, that of Belmont, and this distance of time probably ex plains the difference between General Grant's recollections of the battle as set forth in his "Memoirs" and the rec ede tions of F. D. Jodon, published In The Oregonlan of Sunday, for the mere fact that Mr. Jodon was a Confederate w..i n t explain the difference between his figures and those of General Grant. Mr Jodon recollects that Grant at tacked the enemy with 669 men against 4jv0 General Grant says that his force c rsict d of the Twenty-second, Twen ty -s nth. Thirtieth and Thirty-first 11- Un .s Regiments, the Seventh Iowa Vol urfeers. Battery B. First Illinois Artil lery, and two companies of the Fif teenth Illinois Cavalry. Genoral Hor ace Porter, of General Grant's staff. writes that after leaving a proper i-uard at the landing, General Grant moved forward to the attack -with but 2500 men, or 4000 men less than the es timate of Mr. Jodon. General Grant was a man of veracity, and, o course, knew how many men he had at Bel mont, while Mr. Jodon evidently only estimated Grant's forces with his eye, and hla figures are therefore about as untrustworthy as General McClellan's estimate of Lee's army before Rich mond at 150.000 men, when it did not exceed 85,000. Farstaff is not the only fighting man who has been put to flight by "men in buckram." Mr. Jodon's statement that "the rotary force of the air disrupted" by the bursting of a large Confederate cannon "peeled oft the Captain's outer coat" we will not dispute; it is even more remarkable than the statement we heard a soldier once make when he said that while he never was wounded, a minle ball once passed so close to his head that "the blood spurted out of both his ears," which prompted one of his comrades to remark that he "had always heard that he had the longest ears In the whole Army of the Potomac." "SLAV OR SAXON V Poulteney Blgelow, in the Independ ent, expresses the opinion that as In telligence increases among the people of Russia the vast empire will tend to disintegration. Yet It may not be so. "With Increase of Intelligence an aggres sive national spirit may take the place of a blind and infatuate devotion to authority. At present the general level of Intelligence In Russia Is perhaps lower than that of any other country that the world classes with civilized nations. Religious authority with the Russian peasant is well-nigh absolute, and church and state constitute a sin gle system. This will not be so always. Yet historical analogies do not favor the prophecy of disintegration, as a consequence of Increasing enlighten ment. "While It Is true that the Rus sian Empire embraces many peoples, yet among the most powerful of them thire are common racial affinities, and thelav prevails over all. The forces of modern national life seem to us to be more likely to weld these together thait the opposite forces to produce their dissolution. In the series of volumes entitled "Questions of the Day," published by the Putnams, there is a book by "Will iam D. Foulke, entitled "Slav or Saxon?" This writer's thesis is that a struggle is coming which is to deter mine -whether the civilization of the Slav orthat of the Saxon is to be the civilization of the world. France, It is held, has seen its best days; Germany has not yet shown any ability to leap across ethnological barriers; Spain is moribund, and Italy has not Indicated that its vitality will extend much be yond the peninsula It occupies. The only three great peoples that remain are the A'merlcans, the English and the Russians. It is contrary to our dis position to ' participate in any world wide struggle, nor are we likely to be led Into it even by our recent expan sive movement But Great Britain and Russia cannot avoid competition for empire In Asia. Russia is aggressive. That is a con sequence of the militarism by which she is dominated. Even when she Is forced to stop, as she was not long since in the Balkan Peninsula, it is only for a limited period. She yields for the time to the dictates of prudence, only to move on when the pressure is removed. Such forces, under a despotic master, must and will be used for pur poses of conquest. It Is easy to say 'that the social conditions of Russia cannot remain as they are now; that the great mass of the people cannot be kept In Ignorance Indefinitely; that the evils of despotism will find their rem edy, and that the motive which impels Russia to cqnquest will gradually dis appear. Doubtless there is an element of truth herein; but the process of uplifting the people will require a very long period, during which there will be ample time for conquests; and after the people arrive at a basis of rational liberty, then national pride and patri otic spirit will Induce them to hold what they won In their days of seml clvlllzed aggression and conquest. Great Britain will be compelled to see to It that Russia shall not obtain over whelming preponderance in the East ern hemisphere. This necessity, It seems probable, will force a conflict, which In short terms may be called a struggle between Slav and Saxon. The struggle may come sooner than it would sepm, If we compare It with the slow development of nations and races in the past. It may, indeed, not come soon; It may be generations ahead of us, but the rapidity of movements of this character today Is as much greater than that of like movements In past ages as the speed of the locomotive Is greater than that of the coacti or cara van. DECLINE OF THE TRUST. The financial and industrial record of the year Just closed has dispelled an other dream of the theorists who "view with alarm" the alleged encroachments of capital on those who have none. The consolidation craze wa3 .it Its height in the early months of 1S99, and the al most countless millions involved (on paper) in the capitalization of new com panies coming Into existence and ex panding from the foundations of the older Institutions, caused much con cern. It was feared that this growing tendency toward industrial monopoly foreshadowed the doom of the small In vestor, dealer and manufacturer. Had this consolidation movement been an qualified financial success, the fig ures for 1900 would have been largely in excess of those of 1899. Money was more plentiful, the general prosperity of the coun try was greater, and all conditions were much more favorable for handling gi gantic financial schemes than In 1899. In spite of these facts, the aggregate capitalization of the new consolidations of 1900 were but 5945,000,000, compared with over 52.SOO.000.000 in 1S99. These figures indicate that there is a limit to consolidation of big Interests; that there Is a point at which they may become so unwieldy that they prove more profitable when segregated. They also show that the fictitious cap italization of insignificant schemes has been abandoned to a considerable ex tent. The records for the past year present a large and Imposing array of new competitive companies coming into existence to contest for business with the consolidations commonly termed the "trusts." The Steel & "Wire Trust, which was practically alone In Its glory" at the beginning of 1899, found at the close of the year six portentous rivals with a capital of 510.000,000, which, it is reported, will be increased to 520,000,000 within the current -year. The tin-plate trust has witnessed the advent of tour rivals with a capital of nearly 57.000,000i So on xiown the list it goes. In. matches, .baking powder, ice, oil, tubes and a large number of other commodi ties outside capital has found a field for investment, and will contest for a share of the trade. In a country of vast wealth, where natural opportunities enable capitalists to come up rapidly from the ranks of laborers, and small tradesmen, there will always be thou sands and tens of thousands to con test the right of any man or score of men to monopolize any special branch of Industry. A dozen or two men formed the steel trust, and the profits straightway became so alluring that some of the many thousand "outsiders" rushed into the business and are mak ing money out of It. There are too many people and too much money in this -country to admit of any excessive monopoly arising from the consolida tion of any Industry, providing we are careful in the distribution of legislative assistance, better known as "protec tion." Railroad consolidation- in nearly every case is beneficial to the coun tries through which the roads in terested are passing. This is especially true In the West, where a sparsely settled country has forced the roads to exact higher rates than would be need ed in more thickly settled sections. "Wherever two forces of officials and operatives are employed where but one Is actually needed, the producer of the section pays the needless expense, and the benefits of competition are swal lowed up by Its cost. In railroad com petition, as in industrial competition, the profits of the enterprise act as a protection to the producer against ex tortion, whenever a road is overtax ing the traffic, it is Inviting a competi tion which will surely come so long as there is such a vast amount of idle capital as is now awaiting profitable Investment in this country. THE CRUSADE AGAINST TAMMANY. The campaign whose purpose is to upset the present government of New York City by Tammany Hall, execut ing the will of Richard Croker, has al ready begun, although the election will not take place until next November. Before Croker departed for England he showed that he appreciated the fearful Dlunder committed by his Chief of Po lice in suffering his subordinates to treat with insolence and contempt the appeals of the missionaries of the Epis copal Church in the "bad lands" of the city for legal aid and protection in their work of purification. Croker's last orders were peremptory that Tam many Hall should clear Itself of all responsibility for political or police blackmail levied upon the votaries of criminal pursuits and paid by tf&m as the price of impunity. Croker was quick to see that "the moral wave" set in motion by the righteous Indigna tion of Bishop Potter would be sure to be supplemented by "the economic wave" which had been started by Controller Coler. Between the moral wave and the economic wave Tam many Hall is in great danger of being overthrown next November. The Tam many Chief of Police is likely to be at once forced upon the retired list, for Croker Is reported to have abandoned him to "save his face," just as the Em press of China would throw over one of her confederates in the Boxer war against the foreigners in ord3r to smooth her way back to power at Pe kln. i Moral and economical Insurgents against the further rule of Tammany Hall have already organized under leaders of great ability, and are mak ing investigations into the existing abuses of municipal government and preparing to furnish the public with an array of facts that will force Tammany Hall to stand on the defensive and make the hardest fight of Its life against impending defeat. The new Republican Governor of the state, in his message, calls the attention of Leg islature and people to extravagance and waste In the state government, and excessive taxation consequent thereon, and the New York Evening Post, al ways a very able and unrelenting foe of Tammany Hall, has made Its publi cation a text for a powerful exposure and denunciation of a worse condition on a still larger scale In the city gov ernment. No such tremendous newspa per assault has been made on Tam many Hall since 1870-71, when the New York Times published Its famous ex posure of the Tweed ring. The Post sees clearly that Tweed was over- thrown not by moral denunciation so much as by the publication of cold fig ures and facts setting forth exactly the enormous robbery that had been per petrated upon the taxpayers of New York by the Tammany ring, so the Post has published an analysis of city expenditures which shows that the real estate market during the past two years has been greatly depressed owing to the fact that the amount taken from the income of real estate for the pur poses of government has increased In that time 30 per cent. The net reve nue has diminished in that ratio, while the loss to the taxpayer has been ac companied by a deterioration and not an improvement of the government it self. Real estate has been made to carry a new mortgage of 30 per cent In shape of Increased taxes. There Is an Increase of expenses for the last three years In the departments of police, fire, schools, health and building of 523,000, 000, or nearly 35 per cent over the re form administration which preceded Tammany. This exposure to the taxpayers of what an expensive luxury Tammany Hall has become will be most effect ive to upset Tammany, for the average taxpayer does not like to have his pocket picked by extravagant taxa tion. Of course, Richard Croker does not support Tammany as Tweed did,4monument to the dead soldiers of the by bald theft. He supports his gang by finding places and salaries for new men, and swells the pay-rolls every year with 'an Increasing number of persons, which compels new additions to the enormous tax bills. The money that keeps the Tammany Hall machine run ning comes out of the taxpayers. Rich ard Croker is not a thief in the sense that Tweed and his gang were thieves, embezzlers and forgers. He has be come rich because the political power that his Tammany machine represents clothes him with such, enormous influ ence over legislation, municipal and state, that every corporation that needs legislation at Albany has to pay directly or Indirectly for the aid of Cro ker's machine. Croker Is let In on the ground floor. Stock is carried fori Cro ker on easy terras, and of course Croker can easily get rich without playlrg the part of Tweed or running the slightest risk of prosecution or punishment. He is a powerful politician, whose! Influ ence Is regularly bargained and paid for by "promoters' or all sorts. The Btlpendaries, Jarge and small, of the Tammany Hall government, are as sessed whenever money Is wanted for political purposes, and the tnxpayers support this Increasing army of Cro ker's tribe of office-holders. Then there are great offices, like that of the Sheriff of New York City, .who gets in salary and fees 580,000 a year. The fees should be abolished and a fixed salary alone paid. The spirit of radical economic reform in the government of the state ha3 been Invoked "by the Governor; the press of New York City supports the Governor, but points out that economic reform is bitterly needed in the gov ernment of the city itself. The chances are that Tammany Hall will be ex pelled from the government of Greater New York at the next election, for eco nomic reform has given the hand to moral reform and between the two Tammany will be upset. The "Wells, Fargo & Co. libraries and the numerous railway pension schemes going into operation are gratifying in a business way, for It is business solely that inspires them. Not philanthropy, btit an eye to the main chance, dic tates these enterprises. The corpora tions are learning enough to know that money spent to make employes con tented is the best kind of Investment, and that as a cold-blooded business proposition It pays to keep men cheer ful. It Is a most lmnresslve demonstra tion in the harmony- between natural and spiritual law, and it is an effect ive rebuke to the old-school superin tendents and foremen- whose idea of ef ficient management was to stand over men with a "Winchester. Corporations as a means of grace have this advan tage over individuals, that their diverse ownership Is not so willing to stand loss through cranky management as is the pigheaded single owner. Corpora tions have no souls, therefore they have no passions of revenge and malice. They want simply to make money, and they can't afford to hire officials who are alwayB plunging them Into costly strikes. There is very little sweetness and light about a corporation, but there is also no devilish Inhumanity. There are some 'things about human nature that it is just as well to get rid of. The burning of the orphan asylum at Rochester yesterday morning repre sents a horror for which there Is no fitting name. The utter helplessness of the victims who perished from suffo cation or from fire appeals to the best that Is in the human heart, and meets prompt response in pity that finds Its only solace In the fact that the end came quickly. The heavy responsible ity that rests upon persons who gather little children into Institutions and as sume their care and guardianship, Is well illustrated in an event of this kind. In this case the anguish, of the nurses was not the less pitiable than the ''ter ror of the children, they being .quite as helpless as their charges, an1 op- pressea Besides with the awful respon sibility of the situation. Although nearly one-fourth of the inmates of the asylum. perished, it Is remarkable, all thtngs considered, that the percentage of deaths was not, greater. It Is suffi cient to say that Jbut for tbe courage and heroism of the firemen, to whom each wail for help was a signal for superhuman effort at rescue, the cas ualty list would doubtless -have equaled the number on the roll-call of the insti tution. ' Though the time when Olympla, the capital of Washington, was also its chief city is far distant, there are those whose memories turn fondly back to the old days and who resent with be coming fervor theproposition to remove the seat of government to Tacoma, or elsewhere. Business reasons are urged in favor of such removal, but senti ment combats them hotly, and persist ently, refusing to entertain the idea. Had the Capitol fbulldlng that was be gun early in the last decade reached even partial completion, sentiment would have found in economy a valu able ally In Its championship of the old town; but, unfortunately, the "hard times" which bore down with tremen dous pressure upon the State of Wash ington prevented work upon this build ing from .progressing beyond excava tion for the foundation. The removal of the capita from Olympla is therefore an open question, argued by business interests on the one hand and senti ment on the other. If the capital must be removed, by all means let it be to Tacoma. It is unconstitutional to have a state capital In a real city. The Native Sons and Daughters of Oregon, representing their respective organizations, do well to memorialize the President and Congress in behalf of pensions for the veterans of the early Indian wars of the Pacific Northwest. These men are but a remnant of the sturdy band that nearly or quite half a century ago went out? to protect the cruelly exposed frontier of this vast re gion fipm devastation by a savage foe. Theyiand their silent comrades made it possible for the homes and missions then fn existence in Oregon and Wash ington to exist at that time, and by thefr valor prevented the Oregon coun try from returning to the dominion of the wilderness of fifty years before. Aged men, with hair and beard white with the "frost rime of years, these In dian war veterans ask such recognition as the Nation is wont to accord to those Who have borne arms in the defense of a"fay portion of its domalm They have asked long, but so far without avail. It Is proper that the echo of their plea be taken up and borne to the seat of "Government by younger and more ring ing voices. The fund collected for erection of a Second Oregon now amounts to $12, 419 45. ' Until the sum of 520.000 shall be at command, the monument should not be undertaken. It is the intention of The Oregonlan, in behalf of the dead of the .regiment, 'and in the name of the people of Oregon, to ask the Legis lature for an appropriation of a sum sufficient to raise this fund to 520,000. The" monument should be erected this year. It Is due to thedealvas a recog nition of their patriotic devotion, and to the living as an object-lesson in duty and service to country. We expect that Astoria will do up the job thoroughly when at it, and will boycott the O. R. & N. completely, even on the common-point concessions to and from the East over the Union Pa cific, which are. now in force. The way for the, 4oughty Astorians" to show the stuff they are made of is not to permit the O R. & N. to transport any goods whatever, between Astoria and Port land but to pay the extra charges, even 1 If it will cost a. Uttle money, -When principle is at hazard, penny Is not at stake either with the Boston tea party or -with Astoria merchants. Itis fitting that the obsequies of the late. Philip D. Armour be held at the Armour Mission, in the city of his la bors, his successes, his home and his charities. Thousands will in death pay tribute to his memory who in life hon ored him as an employer, and, through, this relation, as a friend. The man who opens the door of opportunity to the laboring man Is the practical bene factor of his race. Russell Sage thinks Cudahy could have made a better investment of J25, 000 than in a son. Russell Is somewhat of a financier himself, and perhaps is of the opinion that Cudahy could have afforded to spend 525,000 to get rid of a son. , Bryan said at Omaha Monday: "I would rather continue to lose than to surrender any of the principles for which we have fought." Of course, since Bryan will he the first principle surrendered. It Is less trouble for China to agree to the peace terms than for the powers. The old rule about barbarians being unable to combine against civilization is reversed. The Legislature of Oregon should not omit, at the approaching session, to ad dress a memorlal,ln strong terms, to Congress, in behalf of The Dalles-Celllo Canal. ,' Fond parents who contemplate send ing their darling sons tc West Point would better make prizefighters of them than milksops. Cleveland is not so handy with his English since he discharged the under secretary he used to have in the White House. China will accept the joint note of the powers for a large sum. EXCHANGE OF COURTESIES. "The; Harlots of Babylon in Oregon t Politics." The sub-head, printed above, is in the words of tha editor of the Salem Journal, in reply to political criticism of a per sonal character. We append somo of them: ;Bv Hofer, the ardent free-slWer luminary of the Salem Capital Journal, 1N vigorously sup porting Oregon's stanch old gold-standard ad vocate, Hon. H. W. Corbett, for United States Senator. Verily, politics make strange bed fellows. Roscbnrg Plalndealer. When the people of Washington County re member what kind of a speech Mr. Hofer, edi tor of the Journal, made here when he was stumping under the guidance of ths Demo-Populist County Central Committee, but now sup ports Mr. Corbett for United States Senator, there Is another fumy Incident. Evidently Mr. Hofer is a fiopper, and that is funny. Hills boro Independent. Following Is Editor Hofer's reply: Mr. Gault conducts Congressman Tongue's personal organ and was at Sa lem with Mr. Tongue in the Winter of 1895 helping defeat Senator Dolph because he had "the temerity to disregard" the free-silver platforms of the Republican party of Oregon. But Tongue and Gault were only tem porarily affected with silver convictions, for as soon as the gold elements con trolled, they had the gold variety of mone tary Tblsmus. They fought and de nounced the Pops, Democrats, Silverbugs and others whose favor they curried so vehemently a few years before. They were skillful politicians as politics goes. The editor of the Journal thought the Republicans sincere and honest in advo cating blmetallsm, free coinage of silver and international bimetalism, in 1S30, 1S92, 1S94 and 1S96. He Gould not turn a somersault so rapidly, or accept made-to-order opinions so. quickly as the Mltcnell-McBrlde-Tongue-Gault contingent. He was not so swift to "crook the pregnant hinges of the knee that thrift might follow fawning," but followed his own convictions Into the Bryan camp In pref erence to associating with a miscellane ous agglomeration of yellow-pup any-thlng-to-get-there statesmanship. But the public don't care a d n about any man's personal reasons for leaving or staying in a political party. If it make a true Republican to swear that white is black, to affirm one year what you deny next year, we are, thank God, not one of that stripe. But we will give the Tongue-Gault-Mitchell-McBride stripe credit with this mean of grace that 10 or 12 years ago everybody was a blmetallist, with a few rare exceptions. They were JUBt a little more radical and more sudden in their change of front. Because another would not jump through the golden hoop with the agility of a trained monkey and learned to Jump as rapidly as they did does not make him the less a good citizen or even the les? a Republican. There is no evidence that they would not Jump as quickly at a rag baby or "the copper or diamond standard as at the gold standard if the flesh pots of Egypt smelled savory in that di rection. The harlots of Babylon in Ore gon politics are not In position to Issue certificates of character to any Republi can who left to follow his convictions until the money standard was determined by the people. Their diplomas have not yet been approved by the evidences of good works following from those who practice under them. The Wrong Commission. In the article, "Who Lewis and Clark Were," In The Oregcnian yesterday, the text of the commission of William Clark as Brigadier-General of Ldulstana Terri tory, was through Inadvertence substi tuted for Clark's commission as Governor of Missouri Territory, which it was in tended to print. Clark was named Brigadier-General by President Jefferson, and afterwards Governor of Missouri Terlrtory by President Madison. The full text of Clark's first commis sion as Governor of Missouri follow: James Madison, President of the United States of America To all who shall see these presents, greeting: Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence In the ability of Will lam Clark, of St. Louis. I do appoint him Governor in and near the Missouri Territory, and do authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill the duties of that office according to law: and to have and to hold the said of flce, with all the powers, privileges and emol uments to the same of rght appertaining, until the end of the next session of the Senate of the United States, and no longer, unless the President of the "United States for the tlmo being should be pleased sooner to revoke and determine this commission. In testimony whereof I have caused these letters to be mada patent and the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the City of "Washington the 1st day of July, A. D. 1813; and of the Inde pendence of the United States the thirty-seventh. (Seal) JAMES MADISON. By the President: JAMES MONROE, Secretary of State. The Presidential Term, Boston Herald. Mr. Hanna's suggestion, that the term of the President of the United States be extended to six years, and the President then be limited to one term in the office, is not new. but it impresses us as sen sible. It is what might have been ex pected from a clear-headed man looking at the subject from a business aspect. The man who can succeed In having this -carried out will attain a reputation for statesmanship. But the difficulties in the 'way of its success are enormous. The inertia of the American people where changes in the Constitution as it was originally constructed are concerned Is something that it is next to Impossible to overcome. GREATEST FACT 0? THE CENTURY New York Times. The, world of science has been more profoundly affected and learning helped on further In the true path by the pro pounding of the theory of organic evolu tion than by any other philosophical' dis covery since man appeared on earth. Fiercely combatted by men of science and theologians' when Charles Darwin gave to the world the? first detailed exposition of the theory in his "Origin of Species," published in 1SS9, it has come to such universal acceptance that it is now im possible to maintain a discussion of bi ology, morphology, anthropology, geology, sociology, astronomy, or any other science that concerns Itself with natural phe nomena save in terms of evolution and natural selection. The honor popularly accorded to Darwin by reason of his cele brated formulation of the theory must in some measure be shared with Wallace, who bad independently constructed a the ory of natural selection; and Lamarck, Buffon, Erasmus Darwin, and Goethe had more or less distinct perceptions of this explanation of life long before Darwin and Wallace in 1858 read their famous papers before the Linnaean Society. Evo lution explains everything that we now see in nature as the product, not of spe cial creative impulses, but of natural forces. The law of natural selection, or as Herbert Spencer defines It, the survival of the fittest, has guided the course of organic evolution, producing the types and conditions that we now see out or tne types and conditions of preceding ages The thorns that protect briers from brows ing cattle, the inconspicuous colors or tne ruffed grouse that elude the eye of the hawk, and the quills that make tbe porcu pine impregnable are the product of "suc cessive selections of favorable varia tions"; that is, individuals- that -through some accident of food or environment ap proached these protected types were most likely to escape their enemies and live to reproduce their kind, and so a tendency was set up along the line of evolution that has produced the existing character istics. Tbe visible forms of nature are accounted for by the action of forces still at work. Geology has been revolution ized. The old cataclysmic theory, which held that the earth had been wrought upon by annihilating and upheaving catas trophies, gave place to the uniformatar lan theory expounded by Lyell, which accounts for change by the action of slow and patient forces. The theory of the formation of the solar system out of a nebulous or meteoric mass through the action of the attraction of matter suc ceeded to the dogma of special crea tion. The great space that lies 'between the lowest organisms and the highest, be tween monera and man. Is theoretically traversable by this explanation. In the great philosophical system of Herbert Spencer the growth of political insti tutions, the development of ethics, and the habits of the human mind Itself are traced up the evolutionary line to remote origins. The Irresistible advance of the theory of natural selection is due to the circumstance that is satisfactorily ex plains the observed facts always a strong point in favor of a theory. Darwin and Spencer, and even Huxley, who was a frank expounder of the things he believed, have shown a conservative prudence In refraining from pushing the development theory beyond the limits where it could find reasonable support from observation. Not so with the dar ing Ernest Haeckel. Inasmuch as the ancestry of man has naturally been the matter of which popular curiosity has most impatiently demanded an explana tion from science, we may here present in briefest outline, as a record of how far the theory of evolution was carried In the 19th century, the line ascendant of man as conjecturally traced by Haeckel in his "The Last Link." We start with the monera, each being "a simple granule of protoplasm, a structureless mass of al buminous matter," the first monera "owing their existence to spontaneous creation out of so-called anorganic com binations, consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen." That Is the com mon parent of us all, and It arose early in the Laurentian period. In successive stages descending from the monera we have the simple single cell of protoplasm with a nucleus, which divides by fission, until a group of cells packed together like a mulberry forms the morula, which be comes a blastula, a ball with walls made up of a 3ingle layer of cells, and filled with fluid that nourishes them; the ball by doubling in upon Itself forms the gas trula. a cup with double walls, the cav ity of which forms the primitive Intestin al system. So far biology and the cell theory have guided the speculation. Now, by hypothesis, a sort of flat worm is pro duced, a thing with a few organs and a primitive nervous system; then higher worm-forms, up to the very important stage of the proohordonia, where a spinal cord and organs of respiration first ap pear. The amphioxus cornea next, still without a head or ribs or limbs; the cyclostomata of the lower Slluran epoch at length has a cranium: then we have the first fishes In the Devonian and Car boniferous epochs; the amphibia; the pro reptilla; a low group of reptiles; the pro tomammalla, warm-blooded and with fur, of which the duck-billed ornithorhyncus is the type; marsuplalia of the Jurassic epoch, widely distributed in Europe and America, represented by 150 living spe cies; early placentalia of the Cretaceous epoch; lemurs, or proslmlans; Simla, rep resented collaterally by American long tailed monkeys; catarrhine monkeys, with nostrils in the position familiar to us; the large apes, represented by the gorilla, the orangoutang, and the chimpanzee; the Pithecanthropus erectus, of which we have the celebrated fossil from the Upper Plio cene or Java; ana last, Man, "Known with certainty to have existed as an implement-using creature in the last gla cial epoch." It will be observed that Haeckel is not afraid to bridge the chasm between the inorganic and organic, be tween "blind matter and the seeing eye." The sun of a hot geological epoch "shin ing on a blank of miry clay," Is enough to start off his entropy of creation. It is also necessary to observe that he Is much too venturesome to be followed or fully accepted by careful scientists. Xlnfflanlam at West Point. Washington Post. What Colonel Hein. calls a "foul blot upon the academy" can be erased and West Point be made to breed gentlemen alone to purge Itself of ruffians and bul lies Instead of harboring them. And we believe there are officers by the score at the Government's disposal fully capable of performing this task, and anxious, for the honor of the service, to perform It. There is Colonel Hein himself, for in stance. Give him authority to make the standards of honor at the academy; guar antee him against molestation and inter ference through merely political agencies, and we feel confident that in a little while ho will make West Point unin habitable for hoodlums the home of va lor, grace and chivalry. Century's Greatest Material Fact. New Tork Mail and Express. The rise of the United States during the century frcm a seaboard state, with a population somewhat less than that of modern Holland, to a continental and then a world power, with a population more nearly homogeneous than any state of Europe and more numerous than that of any state of Christendom, save Russia, is significant, not only as the greatest spe cific fact in the political history of the century, but for what it has already meant to the world, and, most of all, for what it must mean, to the world henceforth. General Miles and Others. Philadelphia North American. General Miles has an untarnished mili tary record covering nearly 40 years. He never was accused- of leaving his post without permission on the eve of battle; his superior officers never recommended that he be dismissed for cowardice; he never pretended to be hurt to avoid dan ger on the field, and he never has been charged with using bis official power to .enable his friends and family to mako oney at the expense of the health and Iive3 of American soldiers. NOTE AKD COMMENT. Aguinaldo has not had time to revlva yet. If Alger had kept still, he might havo had the luck to be forgotten. f Andrew Carnegie will die a poor man If ever Seattle gets a hold on him. Queen "Victoria will be quite an old lady by the beginning of the next century. Harrison thinks we should cut oft the heads of our ex-Presidents. How would tongues do? Bryan has an opportunity, to advertise his paper by letting a newspaper man get out an issue of It some day. Chief Devery ha3 disappeared from, New York, and there is a strong suspicion that Pat Crowe is in the vicinity. The British need more troops in Africa. The Boers have Generals, and therefore get -along with what soldiers they have. Kitchener is going to India when he has whipped the Boers. The Viceroy Is not yet making preparations for his reception. The recovery of the Czar of Russia will enable Emperor William to resume his old role of Attracter of Public Attention. Wonder if Shakespeare admitted to Don nelly that he didn't write his own. plays when they met on the other side of tho Styx? Andrew Carnegie gave away over $4,000, 000 in the 19th century, and bis opportu nities for the same kind of business aro. still large. The way Pat Crowe keeps any real news about him from getting printed indicates that ha Is employing a pross censor who knows his business. The amount of new railway track laid In the United States during the past year Is placed by the Railroad Gazette of New Tork at 4S04 miles, against 4569 miles in 1S99; and by the Railway Age of Chicago at 4322 miles. Texas leads among tha states with 213 "miles (the Gazette's fig ures): Iowa comes next with 279 miles, Minnesota next with 255, and Pennsyl vania fourth with 235. Massachusetts la credited with four miles of new track, and all New England with only 44 miles. Tho present amount of new construction Is nearly double what it was annually during the recent depression, but far be low the high record reached In 1SS7, when over 12,000 miles of new steam track were constructed. The Galveston News of January 1 con tains a synopsis of the commerce of the port for the year 1900, and shows, in spite of the unprecented hurricane of last September, that business is being con ducted on a greater scale than ever be fore. The months of October, November and December, 1900, show an increase in valuation of exports over the correspond ing months of 1S99. The resumption of business on such a sca3e would havo been Impossible if Galveston had not been a most accessible and economical port for an enormous traffic. Galveston is the nat ural outlet for more than one-fourth tho area of the United States. As a port for all the country tributary to it. Gal veston represents an economy in time and rates which cannot be substituted. "It is a curious thing that no matter how far from the confines of the ex-Confederate states one may travel, whenever the strains of 'Dixie aro heard he is sure to hear some one applaud it," remarked a prominent Pacific Coast man the other day. "I have heard the old Southern war tune cheered in every town on tho Pacific Coast, and in the rough mining camps of Alaska and British America with as much enthusiasm as would have been manifested in Charleston or Savan nah. A year or so ago I was in the principal hotel of Yokohama and was talk ing to a veteran of the Lost Cause from Richmond, when a band struck up tho familiar air dear to the followers of Lee and Jackson. Heard In that fax-off spot. It electrified us, but the old Colonel, re gardless of his surroundings, couldn't keep down his emotion, and gave vent to several piercing rebel yells. I suppose most of the people In our vicinity thought him crazy, but just at that moment he was utterly Indifferent to Oriental crit icism." "PLEASANTRIES OP PAItAGRAPnERS Antiquated. "More new gowns!" he cried. "Why, yes," she answered sweetly. "All of mine are last-century styles." Philadelphia North American. Mrs. Mann That young Mr. Chllders is dead. It was awfully sudden. Isn't It too bad? Mr. Mann And he was getting along so famously at coloring his meerschaum. The Transcript. Impervious. She There Isn't one man in a million who would be as mean to his wife and children as you are! He Now. that's what I admire In you. dear; you have such a head for figures! Life. Little Boy How soon are you and Sis goto to be married? Accepted Suitor She has not named the day yet. I hepe she does not be lieve in ions engagements Little Boy She doesn't, I know, 'cause all her engagements have been short. Tit-Bits. Invention Not Needed. Lady WTiy don't tha railroads have mecahnical applicances for load ing and unloading trunks? Depot Master -Well, you see, madam, lifting the trunks Into the cars doesn't hurt anything but the men, and throwing them out doesn't hurt anything but the trunks. New Tork Weekly. Elesry Written in a Country Golf Links. S. E. KUer (In Golf. Beneath these rugged elms, that maple's shade. Where heaves the turf In many a mouldering heap. Each in his last, eternal bunker laid. The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. Oft to the harvest did their sickle yield. Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke Ah. bBt they had no mashles then to, wield. They never learned to use the Vardon stroke. The poor old souls, they only lived to toll. To sew and reap and die, at last, obscure; They never with their niblicks tore the soil How sad the golfiess annals of the poor! The pomp of power may once have thrilled the souls Of UHenllghtened men today It sinks Beneath the saving grace of eighteen holes! The paths of glory lead but to the links. Perhaps In this neglected spot Is laid Some heart that would have quickened to the game; , Hands that the lovely baffy might have swayed. To Colonel Bogey's everlasting shame. Full many a hole was passed by them unseen. Because no fluttering flag was hoisted there; Full many a smooth and sacred putting green They tore up with the plow and didn't care. Some village Taylor who, with dauntless breast. Could wane the flail or swing the heavy maul; Some mute. Inglorious Travis here may rest. Some Harrlman who never lost a. ball. Far from, the eager foursome's noble strife They leveled bunkers and they plied the hay. Content to go uncaddled all through life. And never were two up with one to playl No further seek their hardships to disclose. Nor stand in wonder at their lack of worth; Here in these bunkers let their dust repoie--Thy didn't know St, Andrews was on earth!- Aj.T li II