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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 20, 1900)
'THE MORNING OEEGONIAN, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1900. Entered at the Postofflce at Portland, Oregon, as second-class matter. TELEPHONES. Editorial Booms 100 Business Office.. .CC7 REVISED SUBSCRIPTION BATES. Br Mall (postage prepaid). In Advance Bally, with Sunday, per month $ 85 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year 7 50 Dally, with Sunday, per year 9 00 Sunday, per year 2 00 The Weekly, per year 1 50 The Weekly, 3 months 50 To City Subscribers Bally, per week, delivered. Sundays excepted.l5o Dally, per week, delivered, Sundays included.20c POSTAGE RATES. United States. Canada and Mexico: 10 to 10-page paper , - lc 10 tc 32-page paper .........2a Foreign rates double. News or discussion intended for publication In The Oregonlan should be addressed invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name of any individual. Letters relating to advertis ing, subscriptions or to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonlan." The Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories from Individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to it -without solici tation. No stamps should ba inclosed for this purpose. Puget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson, office at 1111 Pacific avenue. Tacoma. Box 335, Tacoma Postofflce. Eastern Business Office The Tribune build ing. New Tork City; "The Booker'," Chicago; the S. C Beckwlth special agency. New York. For sale In San Francisco by J. K. Cooper. 746 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold smith Bros.. 230 Sutter street; F. W. Pitts, 1003 Market street; Foster & Orear. Ferry News stand. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner. 239 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 100 So. Spring street. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co., 217 Dearborn street. For sale In Omaha by H. C Shears. 103 N. Sixteenth street, and Barkalow Bros., 1C12 Farnam street. For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 W. Second South street. For sale In New Orleans by Ernest & Co., 115 Royal street. On file in Washington, D. C, -with A. W. Dunn. COO 14th N. W. For sale in Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrlck. 900-912 Seventh street. TODAY'S WEATHER. Rain; brisk south er -winds, possibly becoming high. PORTLAND, THURSDAY, DEC. 20. Attention is Invited to a letter from Rev. Edgar P. Hill, D. D., elsewhere printed, on the subjects of crime in Portland and the regulation of vice. As to the principal statements of fact in the letter. The Oregonlan is not suffi ciently informed to speak with accu racy. The present purpose is to com mend its spirit, point out one or two obvious errors, and leave the matter with the community, as worthy careful consideration. Utterances of this sort usually labor under the disadvantage of being aids to somebody's political ambition. That objection lay against efforts, nominally for reform, made here In June in connection with the op position to the Republican ticket But it does not lie MgainstDr. Hill's letter. The election is over, the new officials are in office. "What he wants, evidently, is to improve conditions here, and it is a laudable purpose. It is common for participants in and apologists for im morality to discredit all ameliorating effort as born of hypocrisy. The Ore gonlan would not make that mistake. It would never confuse false reform with true, .or, discredit efforts sincerely made for improvement of public mor als or faithful administration of the law. One error Into which Dr. Hill in advertently falls is his inclusion of the Mayor in "the present arrangement for licensing saloons and gaming places under the guise of monthly arrests and fines. Mayor Rowe has no power over the Police Commission. That power was specifically and deliberately with held by the present charter, which per petuates two of the Commissioners and insures Chief McLauchlan his place for the current term. The only change made in our official relation toward vice by the June election was in the office of District Attorney. Mr. Cham berlain was largely elected through the aid of those professed reformers who aimed at defeat of the Republican ticket and delivery of the city over to the fusion forces. The Chief of Police is the same, the Sheriff is the same. The new element is the District Attor ney, whom the "reformers" helped elect No better illustration could be offered of the anomaly of having a Po lice Commission Independent of the Mayor. The Mayor is censured, but it is not his fault The chief error Into which Dr. Hill's letter falls is his confusion of vice and crime. It is a crime to assault and murder Innocent persons on the pub lic highway, but it is not a crime to sell liquor. There is not necessarily any connection between regulation of vice and prevalence of crime. If, un der a system of high license, or the nearest pbssiblejtopproach to it, low dens of robbery increase, it is not the fault of the arrangement with liquor men and gamblers, but the fault of the police; and this fault, in turn, may be due, as we understand Chief McLauch lan to hold, to insufficient funds for r roper maintenance of the department It Is notorious that our policemen are few in numbers and embarrassed as to their pay. This fact, which Is, of course. Instantly communicated to the criminal classes of the entire "West, may account for the recent "hold-ups" and burglaries here, rather than the xr.enthl arrest of saloon and gambling nen. Every one has been hoping, of course, that the Police Department would soon be able to arrest or drive cut of town the toughs that have per petrated recent atrocities, and break up the gang of hoodlums en the East Side. This is still to be hoped for, but if it is not done, inquiry Into the causes would certainly be in order, either thrcugh the form of a mass meeting cr through the medium of a commit tee. A demand for the extirpation of gambling and drinking is senseless and futile. But a demand for its conduct in at least & semblance of order and fair dealing cannot be justly denied. It might be profitable for a mass meet ing or a oommlttee to undertake an investigation of the whole subject of vire and crime in Portland, not for the purpose of carrying out any one's pre conceived notions, but to ascertain the exact truth about conditions, and after fair considerations of all views and evi dence, make such recommendations or take such action as the situation seemed to justify. The best adminis tration in the would may be Improved occasionally by a little judicious inves tigation. The Army and Navy Journal says on the subject of the present methods of warfare pursued by the British against the Boers: The rootheds adopted by our Garal SherMan In the Shenaafe&h Valley arc cited la suppert of British methods, but It is not demonstrated that they had any lmportaat influence upon the war. -which -was ended finally by the -persist- ent fighting of Grant and Sherman -when they were- finally given control of matters. There Is nothing In our experience during the Civil War to show that a fizhtlng race -was terror ized by severe methods. The Army and Navy Journal forgets that the methods adopted by General Sheridan in obedience to Grant's or ders did have a most important influ ence upon the war. These severe meth ods were not employed to "terrorize a fighting race"; they were deliberately designed by Grant and relentlessly exe cuted by Sheridan on the heels of Early's defeat, in order to make the Shenandoah Valley henceforth incapa ble of supporting Early's army or con tributing in the slightest to the support of Lee's. This valley had been the granary of Richmond, but when Sheri dan swept it clean of all its stock, its hay and grain, its barns, mills and tan neries, and burned every farmstead that had been a place of shelter and refuge for hostile soldiers and spies. It was no longer possible for the enemy to support an army and threaten the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. This ac complished, Sheridan was able to re turn the Sixth Corps, 15,000 strong, to Grant's army before Petersburg in No vember, 1S64, and was able to join Grant with 10,000 splendid troopers in March, 1S65, on the eve of the last campaign. The British are using Sher idan's methods for the same purpose. They are making it difficult for the en emy to subsist an army on the veldt, and they are smoking the Boer spies out of the hostile farmsteads. If the Boer army had ever surrendered in a body, as did the Confederates, It would not be necessary to employ Sheridan's methods, and if the Confederate armies had resorted to the mounted guerrilla tactics of the Boers, they would have kept the whole South in a state of use less turmoil and misery for a year af ter Appomattox. "WHY NOT LEE? The New Tork University Senate at its last meeting received a protest from "the Associated Survivors of the Sixth Army Corps," of "Washington, against the name of Robert E. Lee appearing in the Hall of Fame. The protest is based on the ground that Lee, being "an enemy to his country, forfeited all right and title to honorable mention in such a class as it is proposed to include his name." The Senate declines to ex punge the name of Lee rrom the list of great Americans to be inscribed in the New York Hail of Fame, and in re cording its action on the protest the New Tork University says: It is fitting that we should add that no one of the Senate moved the omission of the name of Robert E. Lee. The Senate, therefore, agrees with the finding of that large majority of Judges, more than two-thirds of -whom in scribed his name. They respect these electors as men of highest patriotism. Judicial temper and thorough acquaintance -with all the Im portant facts respecting General Lee. The action of the "Associated Surviv ors of the Sixth Army Corps" was ill advised. The rolls of the United States Army today Include on Its retired list an ex-Lieutenarit-General of the South ern Confederacy In the person of Brigadier-General Joseph "Wheeler, like General Lee, a graduate of "West Point In our Spanish "War President "McKin ley gave a commission to Fitzhugh Lee, the nephew of General Lee, and also a graduate of the Military Acad emy. The XTnited States Senate -unanimously confirmed these appointments. If time has so completely rehabilitated Joseph "Wheeler, who resigned from the United States Army to Join the Con federate Army, so that he is fit to go on the retired ?ist of the United States Army as Brigadier-General, surely time has sufficiently softened! the as perity of sectionalism so that nobody need object to the placing of Lee's name in the "HUH of Fame" on any such grounds as those recited by the "Associated Survivors of the Sixth Army Corps." By his talents and his personal character Lee is entitled to a place on that roll of fame. It Is as absurd to call Lee "a traitor" today as it would Le for a bigoted English Tory to vote against a statue to the memory of Cromwell on the ground that he was "a traitor" who cut off the head of that "blessed martyr" whose memory still enriches the English prayer book. General Lee believed .that his state was his country, and that the United States was only a num ber of separate nations (of which his' state had been one), which had united themselves together by a treatyi which one of them had as much right to- ter minate as any nation has a right to terminate a treaty. From his stand point of state sovereignty, General Lee felt he was justified in regarding his obligation to remain in the service of the United States as determinable by the decision of his own state to remain or withdraw from the Union. The re sult of the war settled the secession question forever. General Lee frankly accepted that result, and promptly sought political rehabilitation. His spirit, accepted by the growing South today, imitated and enforced, would make it a blessed land of humane peace, law, order and prosperity, in stead of a breeding-place of blather skite In politics and .folly in finance. Lincoln and Lee with equal sincerity doubtless thanked God for victory, and Invoked the blessing of the same God upon opposing causes. Ir we grant the sincerity of Lee from his standpoint of duty as he saw it, we cannot afford to day to question his right to a place in the Hall of Fame. OUit "WIDENING MARKETS. "The benefits of the increased com merce of the Pacific Coast," says the Helena, Mont. Record, "have been felt in Montana and other mountain states in a practical manner." This statement supports the view frequently presented of late that the Pacific Coast, rather than the Atlantic, will, in the near fu ture, attract the markets of the vast Interior. The journal quoted goes on to say that the larger markets in the Orient the Hawaiian Islands and Alaska have Increased the demands for the products not only of the Pacific States, but for the products of other sections, and Montana has already in a large degreo received benefit there from. The packers of the Coast have drawn their supplies of cattle and sheep for the last three years largely from the great ranges of the mountain states. The extraordinary demands upon the Pacific Coast for food supplies for Alaska and the Orient have, as far perhaps as prudence will permit, deci mated the flocks and herds of Oregon and Washington; and as these demands increase packers push on farther East for their supplies. This being true, the probability that within a short time the largest market for Montana, Colorado and Idaho stock will be to the west ward instead of. as heretofore, to the eastward, is well based. It is reason- able, to suppose, as pointed out by the Record, that under the new conditions the Pacific States will, in the near fu ture, largely increase their packing industries, and that shipping cattle from the mountain states to Eastern packing-houses and returning the prod ucts across the ranges to Pacific ports for ocean shipment will be at an end. This estimate follows the natural course of trade for the section covered. The demand upon Pacific ports by the markets of Alaska and the Orient is an imperative one. To supply it means to draw upon the resources of the states that lie nearest us for bulks our own states cannot furnish on so short a notice. An Impetus will In the mean time be given to our own development which will, in a few years, respond in a largely increased output from our ranges, orchards, fields, foreBts and creameries. Large accessions to our population are expected, and the home market will widen to meet the increased local demand. The era that opens with the twentieth century bids fairito be to the Pacific Coast the era of diversified agriculture, the Impetus of which is furnished by a widening market in the far East and the nearer but still far North, and the influence of which will stimulate development, production, In dustry and trade half-way across the continent CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BROUGHT TO BOOK. The Oregonlan has frequently been charged by the disciples of "Christian Science" with misrepresentation or ex aggeration of the "cure-all" claims of these latter-day evangelists of the heal ing art The record of the cross-examination of Mrs. Anna Holden, who is a healer in the First Church of Christ, Scientist. New Tork City, which took place last week, more than justifies The Oregonian's dpscriptlon of the extrava gant and incredible pretenses of these modern miracle-workers. Miss Helen C. Brush, whose will is contested by her brother and other relatives, left the 550,000 residue of her estate to the Christian Science Church. Her conver sion to Christian Science followed her recovery from an attack of double pneumonia, which she attributed to a Christian healer. Mrs. Holden, who is the healer of this Christian Science Church of New Tork City, testified be fore the Surrogate of New Tork City as "an expert witness in Christian Sci ence," as outlined in "Science and Health," Mrs. Eddy's handbook of the faith. Mrs. Holden testified that can cer, consumption, smallpox and all the diseases known to men can be cured by Christian Science. The witness said that the requisite conditions for the cure of diseases by Christian Science are divine love and renunciation of sin. Mrs. Holden af firmed her belief in the story that Mrs.' Eddy had written a letter to a man in the "West who had broken his leg, and that the man had been cured by Mrs. Eddy's healing powers expressed through the letter. Mrs. Holden testi fied that she believed that broken ver tebrae could be cured by Christian Sci ence; that Christian Scientists do not use surgical instruments; that the rules of Christian Science do not per mit the use of instruments. Mrs. Holden testified that she was cured of consumption by Christian Science, but when asked why m Christian Science failed to cure Miss Brush of consump tion, she replied, that "there was an Insufficient understanding of the power of Christian Science on the part both of the patient and of the healer." Mrs. Holden believed that Christ raised Laz arus from the dead, but she did not consider II a miracle; it "was simply a supreme manifestation of the love of God." Mrs. Holden, after being III with consumption for four or five years, was cured in three weeks by Christian Sci ence. The witness believed that the Christian Science healers had worked about every miracle wrought by Christ, except raising from the dead. She was candid enough to confess that she had never raised the dead, but insisted that since Christ had done it, it might yet be repeated by Christian Science; for she believed "following of the expressions and teachings of the Lord Jesus Christ, It Is In the power of mortals to so exalt and purify their minds that they can control the state of mortal things, as did Christ, the most sublime exponent of this power." The lawyer, George "W. De Lano, who drew the will of Miss Brush, and ii also a member of the First Church of Christ, Scientist, was also called as a witness. He was asked his age, and angrily replied, "I will answer you in the words of Jesus Christ: 'Before Abraham was, I am.' " There is no more judicial or scientific evidence today of the genuineness of "faith cure" than there is of the magi cal exploits of Orlando Furioso, of the horn -of Roland, or of the enchanted sword of King Arthur. The vast mass of Intelligent civilization does not be lieve in them as manifest to human sense. The skepticism concerning the. "faith cure" is opposed by the credulity of Ignorance, imbecility and supersti tion. The Kansas missionaries who went to Liberia and died of the coast fever, because they refused all medi cal treatment outside of "faith cure," are a modern object-lesson that ought not to be forgotten by those who are weakly disposed to pin their faith to "Christian Science," which represents neither the teachings nor experience of modern science, and is In gross con tempt of the highest and most reveren tial teaching and practice of the century- Juvenile criminality is rapidly extend ing its lines. From the old times wherein the raid of a watermelon patch was booked as evidence of total de pravity, to the present when a child is spirited away from his home by a youthful kidnaper and held upon a demand of $75 for his return, is a long step. But it has not been taken at a single stride. Easy stages have distin guished it Pilfering has attended the advance at every step, with such de viations along lines of mischief as the juvenile mlndcan readily invent Now a Chinaman Is stoned, or his basket of clean clothes Is emptied Into the mud; again a small boy is assaulted, terror ized into silence, and made to do vile things; or a chimney Is" stopped with gunny bags, or rocks are thrown through windows; wood plies and out houses are sometimes overturned, dwellings daubed with paint, windows in unoccupied houses broken, gates un hinged, etc This community does not, probably, differ from any other in the character of the boys, sons of "prominent" men, who infest it to its disgust its detriment and Its shame. Still, however, and this is not said boastfully, but with shame and confu sion of face, it is ahead in the matter of the kidnaping of an infant by a lad of tender years, supplemented by an Insolent demand of money upon the child's parents for his restoration, on penalty of taking the little one off on a "long cruise." That Portland may not have more discredit than is her due on account of this lad, and His bold at tempt it may be said that this youth ful kidnaper is not a "native son," neither was he brought up, or, to put the statement in accordance with the facts of modern life, allowed to "come up" in this city, he having but recently arrived here from Spokane. Gompers' reference to China in his effort to defend strikes and the arbi trariness of labor unions is not entirely felicitous. That effete country has one of the strongest organizations In the world, the Boxers, who have committed a lamentable crime In striking against railroads, telegraphs and modern ma chinery. The introduction of improve ments disturbed the ancient equilibrium of employment This equilibrium the Boxers are trying to restore by reort to the most cruel bloodshed and to ex termination of civilization and progress. China, therefore, does not appear to be a country where employers and cap ital have everything their own way, but where anarchy rules. The unfortunate effort to demonstrate the efficacy and advantage of labor unions with China as an example is pettifoggery that American workmen should resent The demand for the 1-cent coins was never so great in the history of the Nation as it is now. The Philadelphia mint has all Its coining presses running overtime, trying to keep up with calls for coin of the smallest denomination, turning out 800,000 a day. By running at night it is expected that the output will reach 1,000,000 In twenty-four hours. The Pittsburg Commercial Gazette, commenting upon this demand for pen nies, says: It Is not so many years ago that men -who came East -with fables from the mining re gions beyond the Rockies used to say that the penny was an unknown thing in the West. The nickel -was tha minimum coin, and tourists from the effete East who tried to pay for newspapers -with pennies were intolerable. It appears that times have changed, for nearly all the new pennies are going West. Samuel Gompers says:. We shall Insist upon the right to quit work whenever It becomes irksome to us, and we shall always Insist on our right to strike, for any reason or for no reason at all. That is all right, but will Mr. Gom pers concede the same right to the em ployer to discharge an employe for "any reason, or for no reason at all"? If we mistake not, the reason assigned for many strikes has been the alleged exercise of the right of the employer to discharge an employe "for any rea son, or for no reason at all." The placing of Congressman Boutelle on the retired list of the Navy with the rank of. Captain works injustice to Captains of the Navy who have been in service since the Maine Congressman left it, thirty-five years ago. The pre cedent is a bad one. Mr. Boutelle should have been relieved by a private pension act, or by subscription among his very numerous wealthy political friends. Cleveland advises rehabilitation of the Democratic party. Bryan opposes. Cleveland wants return to sound doc trines Bryan objects. Cleveland led the party to victory twice. Bryan led the party twice, but led it to defeat "What is the matter with Bryan that he should be so wise and yet get left, and with Cleveland, that he should be so unwise and yet succeed? Gompers says he will always insist upon the right to strike for any reason .or for none at all. That being so, cap ital "hardly can be denied the right to stay Idle and to refuse to arbitrate for any reason or for none at all. Also, capital cannot consistently be denied the right to hire new men whenever it chooses, for any reason or for none at all. Bryan will deliver an address next month on the future policy of the Dem ocratic party. If he is sensitive to cir cumstances, he will not define it in extreme detail. Poor, wise, old China evidently knew that an effective way to create discord among the powers was to accept their peace terms. IRELAND AND THE POPE. VIe-iv of Temporal Sovereignity "WIU Not Be Populnr. Chicago Inter Ocean. It lg not probable that the large body of American Roman Catholics who have been wont to regard Archbishop Ireland as an advanced thinker and worker In church affairs will subscribe to his views with relation to the restoration o'f the temporal power of the pope. The senti ments he expresses, as well as the atti tude he has taken, in relation to this matter, are very unlike him. "Without going into the merits of the case at all, it may be stated as an easily demon strable fact that the great majority of American Roman Catholics believe the church lost nothing, but on the con trary, gained a great deal, when the pontiff was deprived of this so-called temporal power. It Is the belief of American Catholics, generally speaking, that the pope does not require a few square miles of terri tory, recognition as a petty sovereign, or a papal guard, to preserve hla dignity. In Italy and other Catholic countries of tha Continent, where Archbishop Ireland has been spending a good deal of his time lately, there is doubtless a demand for the restoration of the papal court, because the temporal sovereignty of the pope would enable him to confer Utle3 here and there that would have more substance than those at his disposal at present, but the democratic Catholic sentiment of this country is not in sym pathy with this longing. There 13 a very strong sentiment among liberal-minded Catholics at home and abroad that the policy of resistance to the Italian Government pursued by the present pontiff and his prede cessor has not benefited the church from a spiritual point of view. It has had a very strong tendency to antagonize a large element In the church which believes that the efforts the Italian people are making to re-establish the unity of the kingdom should be encouraged in the common in terest of humanity. This element can not see why the pontiff should not bow to tha Inevitable, and, since he cannot mend matters, why he should not make the best of them. Agitation for the restoration of the temporal power of the pope must neces sarily result in producing division and disorder in Italy. More than that, it is likely at any time to imperil the peace of Europe. It serves to keep alive a discussion that has been for centuries the mainspring of religious prejudices and bitternesses which have retarded the progress of true Christianity. Judg ing him by his past Archbishop Ireland certainly ought to be the last of the Roman Catholic prelates in this country to precipitate a controversy which American Catholics have in the past been very anxious 'to avoid. THE FAMOUS CLAYTJX-BULWER (Concluded April 19, 1S50; ratifications ex changed at "Washington July 4, 1850; pro claimed July 5, 1S50.) The United States of America and Her Britannic Majesty being desirous of con solidating the relations of amity which so happily subsist between them by setting forth and fixing in a 'convention their views and Intentions with reference to any means of communication by ship ca nal which may be constructed between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by the way of the River San Juan de Nicaragua, and either or both of the Lakes of Nica ragua or Managun, to any port or place on the Pacific Ocean, the President of the United Saates has conferred full powers on John M. Clayton, Secretary of State for the United States, and Her Britannic Majesty on the Right Hon. Sir Honry Lytton Bulwer, a member of Her Majesty's Most Honorable Privy - Council, Knight Commander of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, and Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Her Britannic Majesty to the United States, for the aforesaid purpose; and the said plenipo tentiaries, having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in proper form, have agreed to the following arti cles: Article I. The Governments of the United States and Great Britain hereby declare that neither the one nor the other will ever obtain or maintain for itself any exclusive control over the said ship canal; agreeing that neither will ever erect or maintain any fortifications commanding the same, or In the vicinity thereof, or occupy, or fortify, or colonjze, or assume or exercise any dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, tho.MosquIto Coast, or any part of Central America; nor will either make use of any protection which either affords or may afford, or any alliance which either has or may have to or with any state or people for the purpose of erecting or maintaining any such formications, or of occupying, fortifying or colonizing Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito Coast, or any part of Central America, or of assuming or exer cising dominion over the same; nor will the United States or Great Britain take advantage of any intimacy, or use any al liance, connection, or Influence that either may possess, with any state or government through whose territory the said canal may pass, for the purpose of acquiring or holding, directly or Indirectly, or the citi zens or subjects of the one any rights or advantages in regard to commerce or nav igation through the said canal which shall not be offered on the same terms to tha citizens or subjects of the other. Article II. Vessels of the United States or Great Britain traversing the said canal shall, in case of war between the contracting par ties, be exempted from blockade, detention or capture by either of the belligerents; and this provision shall extend to such a distance from the two ends of the said canal as may hereafter be found expedi ent to establish. Article III. In order to secure the construction of the said canal, the contracting parties en gage that if any such canal shall be un dertaken upon fair and equitable terma by any parties having the authority of the local government or governments through whose territory the same may pass, then the persons employed in making the said canal and their property used or to be used for that object, shall be protected, from the commencement of the said canal to Its completion, by the Governments of the United States and Great Britain, from unjust detention, .confiscation, seizure, or any violence whatsoever. Article IV. The contracting parties will use what ever influence they respectively exercise with any state, states or governments possessing or claiming to possess any ju risdiction or right over the territory which the said canal shall traverse, or which shall be near the waters applicable there to, in order to induce such states or gov ernments to facilitate the constuctlon of the said canal by every means in their power; and, furthermore, the United States and Great Britain agree to uso their good offices, wherever or however It may be most expedient, in order to pro cure the establishments of two free ports, one at each end of the said canal. . Article V. The contracting parties further engage that when the said canal shall have been completed, they will protect it from inter ruption, seizure or unjust confiscation, and that they will guarantee the . neutrality thereof, so that the said canal may for ever be open and free, and the capital in vested therein secure. Nevertheless, the Governments of the United States and Great Britain, in according their protec tion to the construction of the said canal, and guaranteeing Its neutrality and secur ity when completed, always understand that this protection and guarantee are granted conditionally, and may be with drawn by both governments, or either government, if both governments or either government should deem that the persons or company undertaking or managing the same adopt or establish such regulations concerning the traffic thereupon as are contrary to the spirit and Intention of this convention, either by making unfair dis criminations in favor of the commerce of one of the contracting parties over the commerce of the other, or by imposing "What Shall It Be? Spokane Chronicle. The search has begun. The old quest for a "paramount" Issue" that will save the Democratic party from a thrashing has started once more. The free-trade Issue is worn out; the free-silver issue Is beyond half-soling; the Aguinaldo issue has been so hopeless ly crushed and tattered by the voters that It can never be patched up for another campaign. Hear the wail of the dazed prophet William Jennings Bryan, as he gropes about in the ruins of the Demo cratic platform seeking for sorrfte frag ment that can be used again: "No one Is gifted with the power to foresee what may happen within the next four years, and therefore no one can tell what Issue will be paramount in 1904. But while no one can foresee events, parties, like Individuals, can have fixed and defi nite principles, and can apply these prin ciples to new issues as they arise." In other words, wait till you see what the Republican party does, and then fight it Never mind If by fighting it you are compelled to attack the Industries of the Nation, the Nation's welfare or the Na tion's flag fight it anyway. The "fixed and' definite principle" of Democracy is to oppose everything that is Republican, and that is the one prin ciple to which it may be trusted to cling in 1S01. That will be the real issue, but something else must be chosen to bear the dear old label, "paramount" What shall It be? Thin I in. Good Spirit. La Grande Journal. The Oregonlan recently published a let ter In advocacy of the division of Oregon Into two states the dividing line to be the Cascade Mountains. It is true that Eastern Oregon pays many taxes to sup port state institutions in Western Oregon and that the state capital is perhaps too far from most of the peoDle who reside east of the Cascades, but the Journal thinks state division may not come for many years. If ever. The business, com mercial and social Interests of the people of the whole of Oregon are pretty gener ally Interwoven. There is a pride in com mon state .history and so many Interests are identical that the people of Eastern Oregon are 'scarcely ready to set them selves off into an inland commonwealth, giving up the seaboard of the Pacific to the people of the fertile Willamette, Rogue River and Umpqua Valleys. Tne continued advance of Eastern Oregon will result In the proper recognition by other people In our state to the end that uni form progress may be made throughout this wonderful state, whose diversified natural resources are not surpassed in number, quantity and quality by those of any other state in the Union. TREATY WITH GREAT BRITAIN. oppressive exactions or unreasonable tolls upon passengers, vessels, goods, wares, merchandise or other articles. Neither party, however, shall withdraw the afore said protection and, guarantee without first giving six months' notice to the other. Article VI. The contracting parties in this conven tion engage to invite every state with which both or either have friendly inter course to enter into stipulations with them similar to those which they have en tered Into with each other, to the end that all other states may share in the honor and advantage of having contributed to a work of such general Interest and im portance as the canal herein contemplat ed. And the contracting parties likewise agree that each shall' enter Into treaty stipulations with such of the Central American States as they may deem ad visable for the purpose of more effectually carrying out the great design of this con vention, namely, that of constructing and maintaining the said canal as a ship com munication between the two oceans, for the benefit of mankind, on equal terms to all. and of protecting the same; and they also agree that the good offices of either shall be employed, when requested by the other, in aiding and assisting the negotia tion of such treaty stipulations; and should any differences arise as to right or property over the territory through which the said canal shall pass, between the States or Governments of Central Amer ica, and such differences should in any way impede or obstruct the execution of the said canal, the Governments of the United States and Great Britain will use their good offices to settle such differences In the manner best suited to promote the interests of the said canal, and to strengthen the bonds of friendship and alliance which exist between the contract ing parties. " Article VII. It being desirable that np. time should be unnecessarily lost in" commencing and constructing hte said canal, the Governments of the United States and Great Britain determine to give their support and encouragement to such persons or company as may first offer to commence the same, with the necessary capital, the consent of the local authori ties, and on such principles as accord with the spirit and Intention of this convention; and If any persons or company should al ready have, with any Btate thfoTISh which the proposed ship canal may pass, a con tract for the construction of such a canal as that specified in this convention, to the stipulations of which contract neither of the contracting parties In this convention have any just cause to object, and the said persons or company shall, moreover, have made preparations and expended time, money and trouble on the faith of such contract, it is hereby agreed that such persons or company shall have a priority of claim over every other person, persons or company to the protection of the Gov ernments of the United States and Great Britain, and be allowed a year from the date of exchange of the ratifications of this convention for concluding their ar rangements and presenting evidence of sufficient capital subscribed to accomplish the contemplated undertaking; it be ing understood that if, at the expiration of the aforesaid period, such persons ro company be nofable to commence and carry out the proposed en terprise, then the Governments of the United States and Great Britain shall be free to afford their protection to any other persons or company that shall be pre pared to commence and proceed with the construction of the canal in question. Article VIII. The Governments of the United States and Great Britain having not only desired, in entering into this convention, to accom plish a particular object, but also to es tablish a general principle, they hereby agree to extend their protection, by treaty stipulations, to any other practicable com munications, whether by canal or railway, across the isthmus which connects North and South America, and especially to the interoceanlc communications, shourd the same prove to be practicable, whether by canal or railway, which are now proposed to be established by the way of Tehuan tepec or Panama. In granting, however, their joint protection to any such canals or railways as are by this article specified. It is always understood by the United States and Great Britain that the parties constructing or owning the same shall im pose no other charges or conditions of traf fic thereupon than the aforesaid govern ments shall approve of as just aad equit able; and that the same canals or rail ways, being open to the citizens and sub jects of the United States and Great Brit ain on equal terms, shall also be open on like terms to the citizens and subjects of every other state which is willing to grant thereto such protection as the United States and Great Britain engage to afford. Article IX. The ratifications of this convention shall be exchanged at Washington within six months from, this day, or sooner if pos sible. In faith whereof we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed this con vention, and have hereunto affixed our seals. Done at "Washington the nineteenth day of .April, anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and fifty. (Seal.) JOHN M. CLAYTON. (Seal.) HENRY LYTTON BULWER. Oklahoma nt the Door. New Tork Evening Post It has long been felt that the Territory of Oklahoma would soon press its claim to statehood: it has been, generally rec ognized, too, that the future of the new est .territory Is bound up with that of the adjoining Indian Territory. That this identity of interest is fully recognized by the parties chiefly concerned Is shown by the call for a joint convention pf the two territories, at which the question of sepa rate or united appeal for statehood will be conslaered. Oklahoma has already a population large enough to constitute a state, but It is obvious that the Indian Territory ought to constitute a part ot the new commonwealth. Opposition to this plan will come not so much from Oklahoma as from the Indian Territory, where there is natural Jealousy of the flourishing settlement that has grown up almost over night In the vacant lot of the Five Na-tlons. There Is a feeling, too. that the more prosperous territory must profit most by the union. Such consid erations, however, should weigh little with the Indian Territory against the anomalous condition in which It now finds itself. Since the Curtlss bill abolished the old tribal governments, the Indian Ter ritory, which had enjoyed an excellent government of its own, has reverted tem porarily to the condition of a great res ervation ruled by appointive officers. Such a condition of things is not only humil iating, but also practically inconvenient, and there is little doubt that the Indians will welcome statehood on almost any terms. It should be said, too. that any apparent disadvantage to the Indian Ter ritory in the proposed union will be slight and temporary. Cnrfe-vr Bell Survives In England. Newcastle (Eng.) Chronicle. The revival a week or st ago in Buck ingham of the ancient custom of ringing the curfew bell Is a reminder that this picturesque relic of Norman England still survives in more than 30 towns and cities throughout the country. At some of these the bell is rung at certain stated periods only. Thus, at Pershore. In Wor. cestershlre, the curfew is only heard be tween November5 and Candlemas; and at Brackley Church, from Michaelmas to Lady day only; while Its original signifi cance is, ot course, entirely a thing of the past, "The knell of parting day" is or was until recently still tolled from Canterbury Cathedral, and from the Church of St Nicholas, Bristol, every evening. By a code of instructions dated 14S1 the suffraran of the Bristol diocese was directed "to rln nurfp.-w -with nnn bell at IX of the clock." NOTE AND COMMENT- Cleveland is really "a great man. Ha" has been as silent as Bryan hasn't The powers in China remained agreed on a question for three hours a .day or two ago. Minister Wu has had a good deal to say lately about one Confucius. Who is thi3 Confucius? Is 13 he dead? Russell Sage says that people would bsj richer if they wouldn't eat so much. Yet half-fed hogs are always poor. Imperialism in this country has not yef reached such a stage that the McKlnleys are spoken of as the royal family. The most unlucky number in the Demo cratic catalogue is the number of votes in the recent Republican majority. The City of Washington lived to be 103 years old. and it consumed great quanti ties of whisky every day of its life. The men who were mentioned for Vice President arc beginning to struggle from, obscurity and apply for department posi tions at Washington. A white Christmas might add to the gaiety of the holiday season, but think of the poor youths who would have to hire sleighs at $53 an hour. There was no real reason why the Knl ser shouldn't have seen harmless old Kiu ger. If It had been Dewet he might have had some ground for fear. "Pants" are being advertised In Boston. It Is evident that some "gent" has ac cidentally been allowed to get Into the clothing business in the home of culture. Mr. W. R. Hearst has now settled a long-disputed question by admitting thit he and James Creelman deserve the, cred it for digging the Nicaragua Canal, pro vided the canal is dug. Experiments are to be conducted In Con necticut to determine the comparative nu-. tritlve value of various foods. The Leg islature should pass an act to exempt nut megs from the experiments. R. F. Patterson, the American Consul General in Calcutta, says, In his last re port: "I have answered many letters from our various electrical companies relative to the use of electricity here, calling their attention to the proposed change in tha tramway company's lines, and believe that, with proper efforts on their part, the contract might, have been secured, as Americans are now competing successful ly with the English companies, even in London. Electricity is now beginning tv be extensively used in Calcutta for va rious purposes, such as lighting, fans to take the place of punkhas that were pulled by coolies, for driving machinery, eta, and there is an opening here for the sale of electrical machinery and goods which our manufacturers should take aa vantage ot" The uses to which private yachts may be put In time of war have been furthet shown through the splendid service ren dered by the steam yacht Rhouma, whicn, under the sanction of the English Gov ernment was fitted out for the reception of disabled English soldiers 10 days after her arrival at Cape Town, last February. Before the end of September 43 officers and 216 "non-coms." and men passed through the ship. Of these 60 per cent returned to duty in the field, and the rest were invalided home. The entire ex pense was borne by the owner. Mr. Bul lough, who himself was at the front part of the time, the other months being given to the supervision of his hospital-ship. The Rhouma reached home, at the Island of Rum, last month, having made the voy age of 6200 miles at an average speed or 12.7 miles an hour, and she will fit out for the owner's customary Winter cruise to the West Indies in February. PLEASANTRD3S OF PARAGRAPHERS "Do you know -what a tragedian la, Wil lie?" asked the father. "Why, he's the fel low what kills the play, ain't her replied the boy. Tonkers Statesman., Driven to Crime. "Where do yon spend Christmas this year, Billy?" "Well, between my family and the church bazaars I'm afraid I'll spend It In Jail." Indianapolis Journal. Sticking to His Penchant. "Wharfs become, of that boy -who had such talent for machin ery?" "He was arrested the other day for running a divorce mill." Cleveland Plain Dealer. Bobbery. Citizen My house at No. 4,910,713 Uneasy street, -was robbed last night! Po lice Captain (to clerk) Mr. Smith, please look In your books and see If a permit was la sued to anybody to rob the premises at No. 4,010,718 Uneasy street last nlsht. Puck. Mamma Now, say yonr prayers. Tommy No; I don't b'litve it does any good. Mam maWhat? Tommy No; I'm Jes' gittln dis gusted. I bin prayln all this time to mako little brother Jack a good boy, and he's Just as bad and selfish as ever. Philadelphia Rec ord. Unkind. T have decided to be a hospital nurse," said Amy. "I saw it stated that 75 per cent of unmarried men fall in love and propose marriage to the women that .nurse them through severe illnesses." "I saw -$hat state ment, too," added Mabel, "but my recollec tion is that it said pretty nurses." Detroit Free Press. Old Merchant Bofors 1 answer your request for my daughter's hand, permit me to ask what Is your yearly income, sir? Young Man All told, It amounts to 800. Old Merchant H'm! To that -would Lo added the Interest at 4 per cent on the sum of 20.000 that I Intend to give my daughter for her dowry. Young Man Well, the fact is, I have taken the lib erty of including that In the calculation Just submitted. Fun. The Old Clay Pipe. A. B. Van Fleet. There's a lot of solid comfort In the old clay pipe, X find. If you're kind of out of humor Or In trouble In your mind. When you're feeling awful lonesome, And don't know Just -what to do. There's a heap cf satisfaction If you smoke a pipe or two. Then ten thousand pleasant memories That are burled in your soul Are playing hide and seeek with you Around that smoking bowL These are mighty restful moments; You're at peace with all the world, And the panorama changes As the thin, blue smoke Is curled. Now you cross the bridge of sorrows. Now you enter pleasant lands, And before an open doorway You will linger to shake hands With a lithe and girlish Azure That Is coming through the door; Ah! you recognize the features; You have seen that face before. You are at the dear old homestead Where you spent those happy years; You are romping with the children; You are smiling through your tears; You have fought and whipped the bully; You are eight and he is ten. Oh! how rapidly we travel. You are now a boy again. You approach the open doorway, . And before the old armchair You will stop and kls3 the grandma. You will smoothe the thin white hair; You will read the open Bible, Fpr the lamp is lit you see. It is now your hour for bedtime. And you kneel at mother's knee. Still you linger at the hearthstone; You are loath to leave the place. When the apple-cut's In progress; You must wait and dance with Grace. What's the matter with the music? Only this: The pipe is broke. And the thousand pleasant fancies. Vanish promptly with tha smoke.