THE MOENESTG OBEGOltflAK, WEDNESDAY; DECEMBER 19, 1900.
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soldiers and thus for many years keep
civilians off the rolls of the Government
service. It Is a curious fact that this
bill "was vigorously supported by Dem
ocratic Representative Sulzer, on the
ground that its passage had been asked
for by every Grand Army post In the
country. Representative Sulzer dis
tinguished himself during the Presiden
tial campaign by his desperate efforts
to make the Bryanlte spooks of "Im
perialism" and "militarism" -walk. The
campaign Is over, and Representative
Sulzer seeks to make his peace "with
his constituents of military antecedents
by supporting a bill creating a military
caste so vicious that the leading Union
veterans of the House felt obliged to
kill it
convicted on substantially the same
charge, and he has been pardoned, too,
on the same condition. The Governor's
defense Is that the civilian members of
the conspiracy Ifave not been brought
to justice. On this plea President ilc
Kinley -would be Justified in pardoning
Captain Carter. The outrage of the
whole business is that Governor Pln
gree treats the pardoning power not as
a puDllc trust, but as a personal pre
rogative .which he has a right to use to
rescue an old personal friend from Just
legal punishment.
E? CREASE
TODAY'S "WEATHER. Rain; continued
Varmi brisk to high southerly winds.
1
PORTLAXD, WEJDXESDAY, DEC. 19
j
The Hopkins reapportionment bill, re
ported favorably to the House on Mon
day, gives one additional Representa
tive to Louisiana, Illinois, Minnesota,
New Jersey, New York and "West Vir
ginia, and two additional Representa
tives to Texas, these Increases being
effected through loss of one each by
Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine,
Nebraska, Ohio, South Carolina and
Virginia. The inequities of the bill are
manifest, and grow out of the determi
nation to restrict the House to its
present membership. The price paid
for this slight gain to convenience is too
high. It makes very little difference
whether the House consists of 357 mem
bers or of 3S5, and It makes still less
difference whether the Electoral College
has 447 votes or 475. But It makes
much difference whether some states
ere unjustly treated so much that it
is doubtful If the Hopkins bill can sur
tlve the strenuous fight that will be
made upon It. The Crumpacker bill Is
far better. The "West, for one thing,
should stand out for Justice to the
State of "Washington, not only because
tl.e extra Representative and electoral
vote to which It Is entitled will
strengthen the "West in Congress, but
because "Washington's growth in popu
lation entitles It to that recognition.
"We offer the following table for com
parison. It shows the number of Rep
resentatives Mr. Hopkins proposes to
give the various states he is willing to
reward, their population under the cen
sus of 1900, and the average number of
Inhabitants to each of their Representa
tlves. It also lncluoes corresponding
figures for the State of "Washington:
Population. Ratio.
1.381.027 197.000
4.821.G50 210.000
1.761.393 220.000
l.stss.coa 20ti.ooo
7.20S.O0O 207.000
958 00 101.000
8.04S 823 203,000
517,052 20S.OOO
These figures point their own moral.
Why isn't Louisiana's present ratio of
one Representative for 230,000 people,
or "West Virginia's present ratio of one
Representative for 239,000 people, as tol
erable for them as is the proposed con
tinuance of Washington with one Rep
resentative for 258,000 people? "What
has Texas done for Mr. Hopkins or his
party that one Representative for 217,
000 people isn't enough for it, while one
Representative for 25S.OO0 people Is
enough for "Washington?
State. Reps.
L -ls.ana 7
I..d;s .23
M.mesota .......... 8
New Jersey ........ 0
New Tork 85
"West lrglnia 5
Texas 15
"Washington 2
The House acted wisely on Monday
when It refused passage to the bill pro
posing to give preference to honorably
discharged soldiers in the executive
branches cf the Government. The ef
fect cf this bill, which extends the pro
visions of the existing law, giving pref
erence to honorably discharged soldiers
and sailors of the Civil War to all sol
diers honorably discharged, including
the war with Spain and the war with
the Philippines, would practically be to
create a military caste or class. It
would place it the top of "the preferen
tial list all the soldiers and sailors of
the war with Spain, amounting to 209,
000, the 100,000 now In service, and the
S5.000 that would be entitled under the
reorganization bilL That Is, It would
give preference to 350,000 men, and for
many years keep civilians off the rolls.
The remarkable feature of the debate
was that the bill was vigorously op
posed by the ablest ex-TJnlon soldiers
of the Houue, General Grosvenor, of
Ohio, and Colonel Hepburn, of Iowa.
The fact that the bill was beaten by a
vcte of more than two to one shows
that both parties, are determined that
the Government service should be open
to alL To pension worthy soldiers is
always sound public policy, but to give
them the preference before the law in
the matter of eligibility to the Gov
ernment service would be very bad policy.
"What the Government seeks is effi
cient servants. If an ex-soldier is com
petent, surely his worthy military serv
ice will not be a bar to his appoint
ment, and if he is nqt competent, his
military service ought not to give him
a preference over a competent civilian.
"Without the benefit of any existing law,
gciso of our returned Oregon volunteers
a,ve found that their military service
helped to secure for them nomination
Icr elective offices. This was legiti
mate, and, other things being equal,
a returned soldier of gooa record starts
with an advantage in a race for an
elective public office. But It would not
be fair to load up the list of ellglbles
Icr arpolntments In. the Government
eervice with 250,000 soldiers, who had
a legal preference against civilians.
N3th.ng would go further to fortify
the charges of militarism made by the
Democracy in the recent campaign
than to give legal preference to 350.008
JEFFEKSOX OX IMPROYEMEXTS.
The Oregonlan has several times
lately referred to the signal ease with
which the Federal .Government raises
money through customs and Internal
revenue, contrasted with the burden of
direct taxation under state, county and
city governments everywhere, and has
suggested that It would be advisable,
wherever practicable, to transfer the
labor and cost of state and municipal
functions to the National auspices.
This general theme was a favorite one
with President Jefferson. He wanted
the Federal Government to do a .great
many things which Democrats of to
day shrink from through fear of cen
tralization, and he urged this Idea be
cause of the ease with which the Fed
eral Government can raise money. In
his first Inaugural, March 4," 1S0L he
briefly referred to his general Idea upon
the subject In the phrases "encourage
ment of agriculture, and of commerce
as its handmaid," and "the diffusion
Information," and in his second annual
message he favored "to maintain com
merce and 'navigation, ... to foster
bur fisheries . . . and protect the
manufactures adapted to our circum
stances. In his second Inaugural, how
ever, his ideas, from experience, had
taken more definite form. At that time,
March 4. 1805, he used this significant
language:
"What farmer, -what mechanic, -what laborer,
ever sees a tax-gatherer of the United States T
These contributions enable us to support the
current expenses of the Government, to fulflll
contracts -with foreign nations, to extinguish
the native right of soil -within our limits, to
extend those limits, and to apply such a sur
plus to our public debts as places at a short
day their final redemption, and, that redemp
tion once effected, the revenue liberated there
by may, by a Just repartition of It among the
states and a corresponding amendment of the
Constitution, be applied In time of peace to
rivers, canals, roads, arts, manufactures, edu
cation and other great objects within the state.
Jefferson's idea of redistributing the
Federal revenue among the states for
use In Internal improvements has been
rendered unnecessary by the practice
that has grown up of appropriating
money directly from the Federal Treas
ury for suck purposes; but. In view of
the fact that Congress is reducing the
revenue while internal improvements of
every kind languish for support, one Is
tempted to suggest its revival, If the
distribution should be made upon a
basis of Inhabitants or representation
in Congress. It is certainly regrettable
that such easily raised revenue as we
get through customs and internal rev
enue should be turned away, when so
many localities are unable to afford,
through direct taxation, improvement of
their rivers and harbors, and reclama
tion of their arid lands.
Notice the comprehensive character of
Jefferson's proposal. He would have
the Government raise money from cus
toms and Inteixal revenue, not only for
rivers and canals, but for roads, arts,
manufactures and education. It is evi
dent that the time Is past for Govern
ment aid of manufactures, and that
private beneficence is doing about all
that Is necessary for art, If we except,
perhaps, the legitimate use of taxation
for public parks, monuments, etc. But
as to rivers, roads and canals, there
Is no doubt whatever that the Govern
ment is In a position to do this far
more easily than local organizations,
and can do It, moreover, without fear
of dangerous centralization. As to ed
ucation, the case is not so clear. States
support largely their universities, and
to whatever extent this prevails, the
work could be done far more easily by
the Federal Government The extent to
which taxation can be Judiciously ap
plied in aid of educational facilities for
the masses ie very questionable, and
probably such aid should In any event
be restricted to providing buildings, ap
paratus, libraries, etc, where the pupil
would be abl3 to gain an education If
he chose, but where his advancement
would still depend altogether upon his
own Industry and zeal. Nobody should
board and clothe a student, or buy his
books, or pay his tuition. Let him do
this for himself. But the work of pro
viding the bare facilities to which he
may have access by paying for them
must be provided by charity or taxa
tion. No institution of learning, within
the reach of the poor. If it is to have
the books and appliances with which
accurate knowledge may be obtained,
can be supported by Its earnings.
Thoughts like these, perhapB, were In
Jefferson's mind. At any rate, he re
curred to the topic In his sixth annual
message (December, 1S06), urging again
the continuance of revenue laws, oppos
ing reduction of tariff, so as to "give
that advantage to foreign over domes
tic manufactures," and in his enumera
tion of desirable objects of aid through
"these surpluses," puts the cause of
education first, thus:
Their patriotism would certainly prefer its
atlnuanoe and application to the great pur
poses of the public education, roads, risers,
canals, etc
To these ends he recommended
amendment of the Constitution. It is
impressive to find that to the last Jef
ferson returned to this idea that the
easily raised revenues of the Federal
Government should be extended to pub
He works. "Shall It lie unproductive In
the public vaults?" he asked in his final
message to Congress. "Shall the rev
enue be reduced? Or shall It not rather
be appropriated to the Improvements of
roads, canals, rivers, education and
other great foundations of prosperity
and union?"
suicide which is committed when there
Is no insanity unless utter weariness of
life be Insanity. Any man who from
youth up has led a llfa of sorrow and
bitter struggle before beiated ffsuccess
comes with the meridian of Ills days
can remember many momentsof utter
Indifference as to whether hi? lived or
died, when the weight of a hair would
have broken the camel's back of his
endurance.
The action of Governor Plngree In
pardoning "William L. "White one day
after he began to serve a term of 10
years in the penitentiary has excited
the Just indignation of the whole people
of his state. White was Quartermaster-General
of the state during the
Spanish War, and was a member of the
Governor's political family. He was
convicted of conspiring with members
of the Henderson-Ames Company, of
Kalamazoo, to defraud the state of J50,
090 In the purchase of clothing for the
state troops, and admitted his guilt.
Governor Plngree now lets him out, on
condition that he pay the state $5000 In
five annual Installments of 51000 each.
Inspector-General A. L. Marsh was also
OF IXSAXITY AXD SUI
CIDE.
A correspdndent. In a communication,
elsewhere published, is prompt to ridi
cule Goldwln Smith's suggestion as to
the probability that the increase of n.
sanity and suicide is due to "sensibil
ity Intensified by civilization"; that
"the rate of suicide increases with Na
tional education; not that National ede
ucatlon produces suicide, but it 'pro
duces sensibility." Our correspondent
Is a hardy egotist to denounce any care
fully considered opinion of so able and
accomplished a scholar and thinker as
Goldwln Smith as the "merest non
sense." No man, who has won high
reputation as professor of modern his
tory, in Oxford, and is regarded as a
very able political thinker In England,
Canada an? the United States, Is open
to the suspicion of carefully writing
and publishing anything that "is the
merest nonsense." The view of Mr.
Smith that both suicide and insanity
Increase with the Increasing stress of
modern life and education Is supported
by the consensus of Intelligent thinkers
and observers on both sides of the
water. In a primitive stage of civiliza
tion, or even a seml-clvilized condition,
cases of insan'ty and suicide are not
common, meaning by that voluntary
suicide, not the involuntary suicide that
obtains In Japan or China, where the
court orders a state criminal of high
rank to commit suicide, or where It is
the custom of the people by hereditary
habit to embrace suicide to escape dis-j
honor or disgraceful death. The as-
sumption of our correspondent that tho
Increase of Insanity Is due chiefly to
alcohol is absurd, because the use of
alcohol has greatly decreased slnfce
1840, when the first serious movement
against the Intemperate consumption of
alcohol began. The Teutonic race Is
far more temperate than the Celtic but
the German Is more suicidal thaA the
alcoholic Irishman. Mr. Smith remarks
that the Roman Catholic Celt Is so
mercurial that he hears with compla
cency that the rate of suicide; among
the sober Saxon Presbyterians' of Ul
ster is double that among the Irish of
his own race and religion.
Marriage is an antidote to suicide.
bulclde is far less common among
women than men, because women are
more patient as well as leps resolute
than men, and are less exposed to the
stress of life. In Spain, which Is one
Of the soberest nations In the world,
women are prone to suicide because of
the Intensity of Spanish passion. Na
poleon condemned suicide, but never
theless attempted It and said at St.
Helena that the reason he did not per
sist in attempts at self-destruction was
the reflection that It would gratify his
enemies, and he would be a fool to
please those 'who had wrecked his for
tunes. A deadly plot against his rep
utation was the real cause of the sui
cide of Lord Castlereagh. Plato named
irremediable and Intolerable shame as
the one thing that may palliate suicide
in the case of any one who has stood
high as a man of honor. If you ask
the experts who maintain that all cases
of suicide are cases of insanity, what
they mean by insanity, they will say,
"tendency to suicide," Just as in cases
of murder, when they are called In
support of a defense on the ground of
Insanity, the only account of Insanity
they can give Is tendency to murder.
The rough, popular criticism of a sui
cide is that the victim was either crazy
or a coward, but too many persons con
spicuous for strength of mind and
moral courage have committed suicide
to Justify the sweeping statement that
every suicide Is either crazy or a cow
ard. The destruction of the instinct or
Impulse of self-preservation not seldom
takes place without the destruction of
the general sanity of the man. The
man, either through grief, like that of
the great and good Sir Samuel Romilly,
misfortune, physical pain, poverty
linked to degrading associations so dis
gusting as to be daggers daily to a man
of honor and spirit, grows absolutely
Indifferent to life; the self-preservative
Impulse or instinct sinks to zero and
the man dies of sheer indifference to
life, because of Its utter hopelessness of
decent outcome. There are hundreds
of Union veterans who can testify that
they have been so miserable In body
through rain, cold, hunger and fatigue
that they have had in battle the Indif
ference of a starved wolf to danger.
That Is, the instinct of self-preservation
was so enfeebled that danger or death
was regarded with the absolute uncon
cern or with the defiance that Is born
of a suffering man's ugly mood. Lord
Cllve, a great and powerful mind, sank
under what seemed gloomy and hope
less prospects to a poor youth of tower
ing ambition, to the point whose next
registry was suicide, but when he actu
ally had his pistol to his ear, an Insur
rection In India broke out which di
verted him from his purpose, and he
rose to a position of vast power and Il
lustrious usefulness. Then, when he
had but Just completed his 49th year,
rich and covered with honors, the in
active life of princely leisure so de
pressed his intensely active spirit that
the suicidal impulse arrested at 25 re
turned In his declining days and he
died by his own hand. So sane was
Cllve that he frequently said that he
had twice In youth tried to commit
suicide, but had' been so unexpectedly
interrupted in his purpose both times
that he became Impressed with the no
tion that he was reserved for something
great Probably a bad liver. Joined to
his great poverty and friendlessness.
had made Cllve fancy life was not
worth living at 25. Probably satiety
and Inactivity and ill health and opium
made him fancy life was not worth liv
ing at 49.
Suicide was actually committed, at
tempted or deliberately planned for ex
ecution under certain contingencies by
Hannibal, Demosthenes, Themlstocles,
Antony, Brutus, Cato, Casslus, Cleo
patra, Frederick the Great, Napoleon,
Castlereagh, Sir Samuel Romilly, the
poet Chatterton, and the great geolo
gist, Hugh Miller. Among the notable
suicides in America have been William
M. Hunt, a famous artist, and ex
United States Senator Preston King.
We are not speaking of self-destruction
from insanity or lesion of tbg brain,
which Is, to all Intents and purposes,
natural death, but we are spca'king of
A STUBBOHX COXTEXTIOX.
England has awakened to the fact
that she still nas a costly war on hand
in South Africa. "Little Bobs" reck
oned without his antagonist when he
sent to the War Office .the assuring
tidings that the "war was over." Paul
Kruger is the only Boer of prominence,
up to date, who ha voluntarily aban
doned the field, and. sought safety and
sympathy In flight. While there can be
but one result to this stubbornly con
tested fight, the final supremacy of
England, this result can hirdly be said
to be In sight, certainly not in hand, as
long as calls foe troops to fill the sadly
decimated ranks of the British Army
continue, land -a war budget of 16,000,
000 Is made available by a special ses
sion of Parliament called for that pur
pose. The Judgment of the Boers as well as
the quality of their humanity in con
tinuing this hopeless, prostrating, dev
astating strife, may well be questioned,
but the stubborn quality of their cour
age is undeniable. Courage "of the type
that makes needless sacrifice of life;
that Inflicts all the woes and horrors of
a plainly futile war upon the noncom
batants of a country; that refuses to
accept the Inevitable, ceases to be ad
mirable Nevar throughout , the years
of their courageous contention for dis
union were the people of the. South so
sublime In their courage as yhen they
accepted the fact that the forces of the
Union were victorious, andithat the
only hope of ending the war lay In
their honorable surrender. Fighters to
the death, as long as any hope of ulti
mate success remained, the Americans
of the South were yet courageous
enough and humane enough to surren
der when this hope was utterly dis
pelled by the fortunes of war. The
Boers might well take counsel of true
courage and humanity rrom the exam
ple of the brave men of the South In
abandoning a hopeless cause, and find
in the prosperity that has followed tne
rehabilitation of that section ninder a
new Industrial reglm,e encouragement
for the future of their own land under
a revised form of government.
By a tortuous method of reasoning
the St. Paul Pioneer-Press reaches the
conclusion that Senator Towne, of Min
nesota, will "enjoy the distinction of
having been an actual Senator for a
shQrter period than any one who has
ever held a seat in that body." Towne
took his seat December 10, and his term
will expire January 7. On January 7
he will have been a Senator for twenty
eight days. The Pioneer-Press deducts
holidays and Sundays from this period,
and figures Towne an actual Senator
for only twelve days. A Senator of the
United States Is a Senator from the
time he takes his seat until his term
expires. Holidays and Sundays are as
much a part of his term of office as are
the days that he sits in his seat and
answers roll-calls. Towne's term is
short enough, but Oregon can go it sev
eral better. Delazon Smith took- his
seat In the Senate February lif 1859,
and went4out March 3,ylS59. He "was. a
Senator for eighteen days, beating
Towne's record by ten days. -
and from participating In drunken or
gies in St. Paul and In the low dives
which formerly stood close to the mili
tary reservation.
Especially significant and Important
was Archbishop Ireland's answer to Sen
ator Burrows' question as to whether
the Army canteen did not present a
temptation to drink to young men who
had never tasted liquor before they en
tered the Army. "That sort of a man
In the Army is a rare article," said the
archbishop, "but If a man Is found In the
Army who has been able to resist the
temptations of the saloon In ordinary life,
I think he will be able to resist the evils
of the canteen."
Archbtshon Ireland Is a reformer, but
he Is a practical reformer. His views
of the Army canteen and of the tem
perance question in general will meet
with the Indorsement of most practical
people. He does not make the mistake of
demanding the Impossible. He realizes
that the world cannot be entirely re-,
formed In a day.
DIVISIOX OF STATES.
Eastern Oregon and Washington
"Waiting Preponderant Population.
Spokane Spokesman-Review.
When Oregon laid the foundation of Its
state institutions, the eastern counties
were sparsely populated, and all the pub
lic buildings were thrown to the western
section. In this matter Eastern Washing
ton ha3 had better treatment. We have
the State Agricultural College at Pullman,
two Normal Schools at Cheney and Ellens
burg, a hospital for the insane at Med
ical Lake, and the penitentiary at Walla
Walla. To Western Washington went the
capital at Olympia, the State "Universltv
at Seattle, an asylum for the insane at
Steilacoom, the School for Defective
Touth at Vancouver, a normal school at
Whatcom, the reform school at Centralia.
and the Soldiers Home, at Ortlng. In
matter of representation in Congress,
Eastern Washington has also had more
equitable treatment than its neighbor,
Eastern Oregon. For these reasons, the
feeling of isolation and unfriendliness is
not nearly so great here as In Eastern
Oregon.
The Oregonlan concedes that division of
Oregon Is a probability, but thinks separa
tion is far"in the distance. It says: "The
state may be divided some day, probablr
will. Oregon has already parted with
Washington and parts or Idaho and Mon
tana. As a mother of states, its birth
pangs may not yet be over. Yet for the
sake of its traditions, end for the sake
of those to whom the whole state, with
all Its varied history, resources and prom
ice. Is dear, we may -wish the separation
to be deferred as long as possible."
The United States Constitution has
opened a way for the erection of new
states from old. It is provided, section 3,
article. 4, that
"New states may be admitted by the
Congress Into this Union; but no new
state shall be formed or erected within
the jurisdiction of any other state, nor
any state be formed by the junction of two
or more states or parts of states, without
the consent of the Legislatures of the
states concerned as well as of the Con
gress." So long as Western Oregon and Western
Washington retain preponderance of pop
ulation, it is not likely that legislative ap
proval would be granted to state division.
There remains also the obstacle of Con
gressional approval. The older states
would hardly view with equanimity a step
which would double the Senatorial repre
sentation of Washington or Oregon.
Still, as The Oregonlan says, the thing
Is to be reckoned among the remote possibilities.
One of .the best examples of Montana
enterprise that has come to our notice
for some time is the sixty-page edition
of the Anaconda Standard, which ap
peared last Sunday. The issue is the
Christmas 'number of that excellent
Journal. The extensive and rich min
ing Interests of the great State of Mon
tana, and especially of that section con
tiguous to Anaconda, are described In a
vivid and reliable manner. Other re
sources are tlso given deserved atten
tion. The many other elements which
hold out Inducements for the perma
nent or prospective residentroccupy
good space, and are treated In a man
ner which will permit of no Improve
ment. This might-be well said of the
entire number. It Is a credit to Its pub
lishers, and. If we mistake not, will
redound to the lasting benefit of the
section and state from whence It issued.
Senator Vest, the Democratic-sage of
Missouri, after a careful study of the
situation, announces that not until 1912
will the Democrats elect a President,
even if they are fortunate enough to
secure one that year. This perspective
scttleB Bryan, as it Is not In the line
of probability that even his extraordi
nary wind-power will hold out through
three more Presidential campaigns. It
also looks discouraging for Hill, who,
nothing loath, is being groomed for the
race of 1904.
The late Major-General John G.
Parke was graduated -from West Point
in 1849; he was a division commander
under General Burnslde at Roanoke
Island and In his North Carolina cam
paign. He commanded the Ninth Army
Corps before Vlcksburg, In1 June, 1863,
and 'Vas a corps commander under
Grant before Petersburg.
' W. C. T. U. War.
Washington Letter Baltimore Sun.
An Imposing delegation of W. C. T. U.
women visited the restaurants of the Sen
site and House today, ostensibly to ap
pease their appetites, but In reality to
gratify their curiosity concerning the
sale of wines and liquors In the Capitol.
A half dozen or more of these ladles
entered the Senate recstaurant, and, in
stead of accepting the Invitation of the
waiter to be sented at one of the tables,
proceeded to investigate the contents of
the different glasses placed on the counter
and tables. As they approached the
board at which were seated Senator Wol
cott and several other men one of the
white-ribboned ladles extended her hand
for the menu card which was being
scanned by one 0 the statesmen.
Ascertaining that no wines or liquors
wero listed on the menu, she turned with
a look of satisfaction and made some re
mark about a temperance Administration.
A look of disappointment flashed in the
eyes of the committee when this was
learned, but this turned into satisfied ex
pectancy as a delegate from New Eng
land discovered a suspicious-looking fluid
in one of the little tumblers. Rapidly
crossing the room she approached the
lady who, accompanied by a well-known
Representative from the East, held the
glass poised as she was about to raise
It to her lips.
"I beg your pardon, but will you please
tell me what you have in that glass?
Inquired the white-ribboned reformer.
The question amazed the crowd and al
most deprived the lady of her self-control.
The glass bade fair to crash to
the table, but she who held it soon re
covered and answered: "It's a very good
quality of port."
A shiver seemed to run through the
ranks of the white-ribboned women and
anger and indignation were apparent.
A sensational scene followed. The
committee openly denounced the Admin
istration which a few moments before
they had lauded, declared it to be a sin
ful example to the younger generation
for the lawmakers of the land to openly
drink intoxicating liquors, condemned
members of their own sex even more than
the statesmen, and much to the chagrin
of the waiters occupied much of the floor
sDace. walking about hindering traffic and
denouncing such outrageous proceedings J
as drinking In the very Capitol of tne
Nation.
The committee finally retreated with
out eating their luncheon declaring that
they would prepare resolutions expressive
of their opinions.
As the committee filed into the cor
ridor the pretty young woman gracefully
lifted, her delayed glass and smilingly
said: "Here's to the health of the committee."
HANNA ADMIRABLY ANSWERED.
Chicago Timca-Herald.
Senator Haxma's speech In favor of the
ship subsidy bill Thursday was the most
effective presentation of his side of the
proposition that has yet beecn heard In
the Senate. It appealed to the only
considerations that render the proposal
to spend J3.00O.0CO a year In the attempt to
build up the American merchant marine
tolerable to the American people Na
tional pride and natural business in
stincts. In his own words, it was an
"appeal to the American people for the
re-establlshment of the great shipbuilding
industry."
"I want." said he, "to put it on higher J
grounds than mere dollars and cents. It
Is away and beylnd that point in patriot
ism and pride in our National life. As
to the popularity or unpopularity of this
measure, I stand here to say that every
llne of It Is in the Interest of the Ameri
can people. Upon that basis I make my
appeal."
Senator Hanna's knowledge and experi
ence was gained under conditions alto
gether different from those that prevail on
the ocean. Nature has given to the United
States a practical monopoly of the carry
ing trade of the Great Lakes. We have
the coast line, the commerce, the ports
and the cash. All we have had to do was
to build the ships. What competition
there 13 has been all among ourselves.
Canada has not had the ports, the in
centive nor the means to compete with us.
On the Lakes the natural laws of supply
and demand have been with us, on the
ocean they are against us. While they
favored us, our shipbuilding industry
flourished and our flag floated on every
sea and In every port. When, with
changing conditions, those same laws
were against us, our ships and flag grad
ually vanished from the foreign carrying
trade of the world.
It was Senator Hanna's misfortune to
follow Senator Fryefs exhaustive two
days' effort on the same side of the ques
tion, whose speech affords all the ammu
nition that the opponents of the ship
subsidy bill need for answer to the appeals
of the Ohio Senator. For Instance, Mr.
Hanna as lea:
"Why should we not put some of our
idle capital into the building of ships and
sailing them for the benefit of our pro
ducers and manufacturers?"
Senator Frye afforded the explanation
when he said: "Our ships, costing 25 per
cent more than those of England and
Germany, with operating charges at least
40 per cent greater by reason of higher
wages and better living, unprotected, are
compelled to compete with those pro
tected." According to Senator Frye the follow
ing amounts were paid by the nations
named annually to encourage their re
spective merchant marine:
Great Britain 1S99 $5,857,525
Germany 1S99 1,894.620
France 1899 7.602,242
Italy 1S?S) 2.185,266
Russia 1549 1,371,187
Austria 1899 1.724.249
Spain 1S96 1.629.927
Netherlands 1898 259.971
Norway 1899 136,943
Sweden 1893 31.844
Denmark 1899 82.465
Japan 1899 3,492.107
Note. These figures induce mail sub
sidies and construction, navigation and
fishing bounties. In 1899 the United States
paid $593,211 in mall subsidies.
In order to show what an insignificant
part "protection," "bounties," "subsidies"
or whatever jou choose to call it, plays
in the building up of a merchant marine,
it is Instructive to glance at the following
statement of the merchant navies In 1SG0
and 1S93, of some of the nations mentioned
by Senator Frye:
1S50. 1S93.
Tonnage. Tonnage,
NOTE AND COMMENT.
In spite of the general prosperity, tho
shortest day of the year Is approaching.
The heirs- of Charles Hoyt have been
fighting over his estate. Where there's a
will there's a row.
Now there Is an Eskimo dog trust, but
this is only to be expected. The Eskimo
dog is well known as a trusty anlmaL
John Bull every day
Is obliged now to say:
"I report with regret
That I've Jujt met De-wet."
If the fool-killer skipped any maker oft
freak election bets he can get them w hlle
they are making New Tear's resolutions.
The fact that W. J. Bryan is going to
start a paper indicates that the maga
zines have been refusing some" of his copy
lately.
George Gould has sold his yacht also.
With the proceeds he will perhaps be
able to keep his brother-in-law a week or
two more.
The British won a battle in the Trans
vaal Monday. It really begins to look as
If the Boers arc having . hard time in
winding up the war.
Dr. Parker, a London divine, has
started a newspaper. He has not yet
felt the need of asking the advice of Rev.
Charles M. Sheldon as to the manner of
conducting It. ,
The Sultan of Turkey has sent the crew
of the Kentucky a supply of cigarettes,
but he will have to give them som-J
quloker poison if he wants to get rid oC
them before the end of the year.
When the new University of Chicago, a
few years, ago. waa drawing on Eastern
college faculties for its staff, one of the
men whom it obtained was W. G. Hale,
professor of Latin at Cornell. Professor
Hale's family packed up their household
goods and prepared to migrate. The 5-yeor-old
daughter of the house was in
tears at parting with her playmates and
seemed to feel hat the foundation of
everything was being shaken. When It
came to the family's last night In its dis
mantled home, she knelt at her little bed
to say her prayers. When she came to
the "Amen" she uttered a fervent "Good
by." "Why do you say good-by?" her
mother asked. In surprise. "Why.
mamma," was the reply, "of course God
knows that we are going to Chicago tomorrow."
13.9S8,a
2,453.334
1,242,091
875.851
380.414
455,609
1,694.230
605,991
511.958
The Prohibition vote will disappoint
that party. It will little exceed, if any.
200.000 votes. In 1896 the two Prohlbl
Like Mr. Hoar, He Iioved Him.
Washington dispatch to Philadelphia
Press.
tlon tickets polled about 13t,000 votes, A member from West Virginia, in re
but the increased vote of this year over latlng some of
four years ago falls many thousands
below the total for 1892.
1UELAXD OX THE OAXTEEX.
Post Exchange Problem a It Ap
pears; to a Practlcnl Reformer.
Chicago Tribune.
No one will question the sincerity of
Archbishop Ireland In the position he
takes on the. vexed question of the Army
canteen. Few people have, done so much
and such important work? for the cause
of temperance as the distinguished prel
ate. Himself a total abstainer, he his
for years used all his great Influence,
both Inside and outside the church, to
promote temperance and to minimize the
evils of the liquor traffic When he de
clares, therefore, that the canteen Is an
Instrument, of good, andmikes for tem
perance and good morals in the Army,
his opinion is entitled to great weight,
even among people Who most radically
differ with him.
It is to be observed that the arch
bishop doesliot speak from mere hear
say or rumor. His conclusion is the re
sult of years Of personal observation.
Fort Snelllng Is an lmportint Army post
near Archbishop. Ireland's home In St.
Paul, and he has there carefully stud
led the effect of the canteen on the sol
diers." It Is his deliberate judgment that
the canteen has reduced the amount of
drinking in the Army 'and has kept the
soldiers' from Illegally obtaining liquor
latlng some of his campaign experiences,
told of a fellow-Congressman who came
into the state to assist him In the cam
paign by making speeches. This partic
ular Congressman is known for his flow
ery -language and fervid oratory. The
West Virginian said his friend spoke for
nearly two hours and never touched upon
the Issues of the campaign, but for all
that time indulged in oratorical pyro
technics and extravagant eulogisms on
the Republican party and its leaders. As
a sample of superlative hyperbole the
closing sentence of this orator's speech
Is clvcn as follows:
"If I had the arm of an Atlas I would
climb the Alpine heights, snatch from the
rocky cliff a giant fir, and, dipping it In
the lava of Vesuvius, would write In let
ters of living fire across the azure vault
of heaven these words: 'McKinley, I
love you.' "
General Harrison "Was Tickled.
Washington correspondence Louisville
Courier-Journal
The Democratic party that was, was
"reorganized" here last night at a dinner
party. One of the Democrats present
made a stirring speech. In which he
agreed to support Hanna for President
In 1904 on the ground that Hanna by
that time would have had eight years'
experience in the office, which would cer
tainly entitle him to the honor of being
Chief Magistrate of the country. Ex
President Harrison, who was present- at
the dinner,, and at his best, laughed
heartily at the palpable hit.
British 4,232,962
German
French 6SS.153
Italian (1870) 1.012.164
Austro-Hungarian (1870) 329,377
Dutch 292,675
Norwegian 293,315
Swedish (1870) 345,862
Danish (1S70) 173.646
These two tables, taken together,, prove
that the enormous subsidies paid by
France have been Ineffectual to retain her
proportion of the carrying trade of the
world, while the merchant marine of Nor
way, Sweden and Denmark, with insig
nificant government aid, have moved up
'until combined it occupies, a second place
to that of Great Britain.
What is the explanation of this? Sen
ator Frye, In a single sentence, furnishes
the only true and incontrovertible solu
tion, to-wlt: "The Norwegian ships can
beat the world today in cheapness of
carrying." If the operating charges of
American ships are at least 40 per cent
greater than those of England and Ger
man ships, what show have they to com
pete with Norwegian ships, which cost
25 per cent less than ours, and can be
operated cheaper than those of England
or Germany or any other nation?
But Senator Frye Is also authority for
the statement that the effect of American
competition, when subsidized, on the car
rying trade of the worta would be to re
duce freight rates 25 per cent, and that
"on the Atlantic ships are carrying, or
two years ago were carrying, as low as
they could profitably."
He also said: "It has been utterly Im
possible for an American citizen under
existing conditions to invest his money
in American ships to engage in the for
eign carrying trade." In short, Invest
ment in American ships It not profitable
under natural conditions with normal
freight rates, and yet Mr. Frye would
have us attempt to make ft profitable by
taking J9.000.000 a year out of the treasury
to foster a competition that would have
the Immediate effect to reduce the present
unprofitable freight rates "at least 25 per
cent."
This Is so preposterous a proposition
that it Is a conclusive reply to the strong
appeal of Senator Hanna for some legis
lation that will restore ouc merchant
marine on the ocean. That consumma
tion is one toward which the great West,
which has not a dollar to invest In the
shipping industry, would gladly contrib
ute were it assured of some practical
plan to effect it. The West thoroughly
appreciates the desirability of carrying
American commerce to the bounds of the
uttermost sea In American ships and un
der the American flag. But the West ob
jects to pouring millions of the people's
money Into what 13 practically an Indus
trial sieve.
There are two things that forbid the
attempt the cost of building American
ships and the cost of hiring and feeding
sailors on American ships. As Mr. Frye
says, the wages and fare of foreigners on
American ships have to be on the Ameri
can scale, and we of the West would .not
have it otherwise.
In the matter of voting money for build
ing a navy the West, which has not an
inch of coast to protetct, has proved its
National spirit by suppporting every ap
propriation asked. It Is not affrighted by
the word "subsidy," but it balks over a
proposition to take money from the Na
tional Treasury to render the conditions
of a self-supporting merchant marine
mors unprofitable than ever.
If the ships of other nations in a com
petition open to all can carry our exports
and Imports more cheaply than we can
ourselves, let them play the role of hod
carriers at the wages of hodcarrlers.
Jt what We pay to other nations for
carrying our freight enables them to buy
our products and manufactures, they are
welcome to it so long as we' have more
profitable employment for our capital,
brains and Industry.
This has been a gocd year for elder
making in this state and a great deal of
very good quality has been made, and still
It Is no uncommon thing to see barrels
of cider for sale In the grocery stores
labeled "Old Kentucky Cider." There
is but little cider used for drinking here
except in a sweet condition. The days of
drinking hard cider are past, for the
reason that there are so many other ana
harder things to drink. Cider can be
bottled and kept for drinking and if prop
erly treated is about as good as cham
pagne. A few persons put up such cider,
but occasionally they do not drink it.
One well-known citizen put up a' couple
of barrels. He hung bags of mustard
seed in the bungholes of the barrels and
every few days drew off the elder into
another barrel, burned sulphur In thu
first one and then after a few days sy
phoned the elder back into It. This he
repeated a number of times and finally
had It bottled and the corks wired in all
the same as the corks in champagne
bottles, and the cider placed on racks In
his cellar. All went well for a few aaj 3
and then gas began to generate In the
bottles and they began to explode. It
was seen that the cider had not boe:
"racked off" often enough, and that dis
aster was Impending, but nothing could
be done to prevent it. The bottles con
tinued to explode more frequently, till
It seemed as If a commando of Boers with
a lot of pompons had taken possession of
the cellar and the flying glass and spout
ing cider rendered it impossible for any
one to go into the place. This circum
stance is not calculated to encourage the
bottling cider, as It would he cheaper
to buy champagne, and less dangerous.
PLEASAXTR.IES OF PARAGRAPIIERS
And He Did. He Do you think it Is proper
etiquette for a gentleman to take a lady's
arm? She No; but ho might ask her for her
hand. Philadelphia. Evening Bulletin.
Sportsman (to Smith, who hasn't brought
down a single bird all day) Do you know Lord
Peckham? Smith Oh. dear, yes; I've often
shot at his house. Sportsman Ever hit It?
Fun.
A Failure in Quantity. "Ma, I bought jou
some candy down town." "That was kind.
Tommy; where Is ltT" "Well, ma, I was so
long comln' home on the cars that it didn't
last tilt I got here." Indianapolis Journal.
Jones I have found out what my wife is.
going to give me for Christmas. It's a seal
purse, set with silver, for carrying In the
hand. Winter But it can never be of any usa
to you. Jones No; but the box of cigars will
that I have bought for her. Boston Transcript.
He Imparts Information. Little Ethel Mam
ma told Freddy that If he wasn't good Santa
Claus wouldn't bring him anything. "Won't he?
Little George Oh, mamma's Just throwing a
scare Into Freddy, and he's so little he don't
know any better. Santa Claus leaves you
things whether you're good or nott PucS.
Ballade of Autumn.
Andrew Lang.
"We built a castle In the air.
In Summer weather, you and X.
The wind and sua were in your hair
Gold hair against a sapphire sky!
"When Autumn came, with leaves that fly
Before the storm, across, the plain.
You fled from me, with scarce a sigh
My Love returns no more again I
The windy lights of Autumn flare;
I watch the moonlit sail go by;
I marvel how men toll and fare.
The weary business that they plyl
Their voyaging Is vanity.
And fairy gold Is all their gain. ' t
And all tho winds of Winter cry,
"My Love returns no more again r"
Here, in my castle of Despair,
I sit alone with memory; ,
The wind-fed wolf has left his lair.
To keep the outcast company.
The brooding owl he boots hard by.
The hare shall kindle on thy hearthstono.
The Rhymer's soothest prophecy
My Love returns no more again!
ENVOT.
Lady, my home until I die
Is here, wher youth and hope were slain;
They flit, the ghosts of our July,
My Love returns no more again I
Ave 3Iaria.
Byro'n.
Ave Maria! blessed be the hour!
The time, the clime, the spot, where I so oft
Have felt that moment in Its fullest power
Sink o'er the earth so beautiful and soft
"While swune the deep bell In the distant
tower.
Or the faint dying day-hymn stole aloft.
And not a breath crept through the rosy air.
And yet the forest leaves seemed stirred with
prayer.
Ave Maria! 'tis the hour of prayer t
Ave Maria! 'tis the hour of love!
Ave Maria! May our spirits dare
Look up to thine and to thy Son's above!
Ave Maria! Ob, that face so fair!
Those downcast eyes beneath the Almighty
Dove
"What though 'tis but a pictured Image?
strike
That painting Is no Idol 'tis too like.