10
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1900.
COAST SHELL HEAPS
Archeological Investigations
in Northwest.
SKELETONS IN THE CAIRNS
XorlU. Pacific and Colombia Basin.
Culture Appear to Have Coalesced
In ilie Kejylon From "Wlllapa
Harbor to Seattle.
The archeological investigations con
ducted under the direction of Harlan I.
Smith, on the North Pacific Coast, during
the year 1SS9. for the Jesup North Pacific
expedition, were a continuation of re
searches pursued In the same field during
the two preceding seasons, and were di
rected toward problems suggested largely
by the results of the previous work. In
the State of Washington it was considered
desirable to extend existing knowledge of
the distribution and character of cairns
and burial mounds; to make a reconnols
sance of the shell-heaps of Puget Sound
and the Western coast, with special ref
erence to a determination of the character
and distribution of the southern limits of
the North Pacific coast culture in Amer
ica; of any possible influence from the
reglpn of the Lower Columbia, and to
learn, if the shell-heaps of the Lower Fra
cer have analogy with those of this area.
In British Columbia, further investlga
that of the cairns and shell-heaps of
'Southeastern "Vancouver Island was desir
able. It was necessary also to study the
archeology of Lillooet Valley, with refer
ence to possible communication of coast
culture with the interior, and vice versa.
Graves under rock-slides were reported by
Indians to occur In Nicola Valley, and
eince thus 'differing in character from
those found at Kamloops, Spences Bridge
and Lytton, they also were to be closely
examined.
Our knowledge of the distribution of
cairns, says Mr. Smith in the American
Anthropologist, was extended to Whldby
Island, where there were found many of
the type common to the vicinity of Victo
ria, and containing skeletons In a fair
state of preservation No burial mounds
jvere seen during the year.
On the western coast of Washington
Bhell-heaps were found around Wlllapa
Harbor, Gray's Harbor and at Copalis
Head; and on Puget Sound and the Straits
of Juan de Fuca they are very numerous.
As usual, these vary In size, but In no
way do they differ widely in character
from those of the eastern coast of Van
couver Island.
Throughout the region south of Seattle
there were found small chipped arrow
points of agate and other stone especially
suited to implements of this sort, and be
ing decidedly of the type of those found
in the Columbia Valley near The Dalles.
Such stone arrowpolnts areJess frequent
ly found in the immediate region of Puget
Sound, and they are still more scarce in
the area farther north.
In addition to the indication of cultural
Influence from Columbia Valley, in the re-.
gion south of Seattle, as displayed by the
arrowpolnts mentioned, there were found
several other objects which strengthen
the hypothesis that such Influence existed.
On the coast, from Gray's Harbor south
ward, grooved hammer with a pit on one
elde. In the center of the groove, were dis
covered. From Copalis Head southward
there were found stone hammers, resem
bling, in general form, a pestle of square
rro.ss-sectlon, with rounded corners, with
hat-shape top (which In some specimens
was specialized to represent an animal
head), and with no battered or abraded
and, but having pits on either side, indi
cating use on the sides as a hammer rath
er than on the end as a pestle. Another
hammer bears the shape of the frustum
of a cone with a smaller frustum for a
handle, the two frusta being base to base
and having the corners rounded. On
Gray's Harbor a pile-driver is found, but
with one handle Instead of the usual two
hand lugs.
On the western coast sinkers were col
lected, some with a simple groove, others
with a second groove at a right angle to
the first, and In some cases extending only
half-way round; i. e., from the first
groove over the end and meeting it on the
opposite side. On this coast, as also on
Puget Sound, occurs the stone club with
perforated handle knob and of lozenge
hape in cross-section, with rounded cor
ners. In the latter area is found another
type of stone club that of the well-known
paddle or patte shape. On Upper Puget
Sound is discovered a stone club with two
ax-like blades. Stone clubs of similar
form, but having the end near the blades
specialized to represent the head of an
animal, are found In Columbia Valley and
even as far to the south as Northern Cal
ifornia. The common fish-rake points
made of bone, harpoon-points and barbs.
barbed harpoon-points, stone celts, wedges
made of antler," and whetstones are also
found throughout the entire region. Th
Btone pestle3 of Puget Sound, like the
typical form of that implement found at
Lytton, have hat-shape tops and striking
heads, or. like those of Northern Van
couver Island, have a striking-head at
each end (the faces of which are nearly
parallel), one being smaller than the oth
er. The southern limit of North Pacific
Coast culture and the northern limit of
important Influence from the Columbia
6eem to coalesce lit the region from Wll
lapa Harbor to Seattle.
In the delta region of Stillaguamish and
Skagit Rivers the material of which the
ehell-heaps are composed resembles that
Df like remains on the Lower Fraser, and
skeletons are almost as frequently ob
tained in the layers. The objects pro
cured therefrom are not so numerous nor
of such a high degree of art as those
found In the shell-heaps near the Fraser,
but are similar to, although more abund
ant than, the artifacts from the coast
heaps. On the whole, the difference in
character between the delta shell-heaps
and those of the coast seems to be due
to the blackness of the surrounding soil,
the action of the water in the lowlands,
and the dissimilarity between the mode
of life of a river and a beach people. The
more frequent occurrence of skeletons is
not explained. The difference between
the various delta shell-heaps seems to be
due to the fact that In the region of
the Lower Fraser the culture of its In
habitants was more highly developed,
probably on account of a more favorable
environment.
Active work In the cairns of Southeast
ern Vancouver Island resulted in the col
lection of a large quantity of additional
osteological material, which will, doubt
less, prove very useful In determining
the physical characteristics and relation
ships of the cairn builders.
A fragment of a tubular pipe of steat
ite and a short tubular pipe of the same
material from the shell-heaps near North
Saantch suggest influence on the art
products of this section from the interior
by way of Fraser River. This Indication
Is strengthened by the fact that In the
tower layers of the shell-heaps are found
skulls which closely resemble the nar
rower of the two types of crania from
a shell-heap In Fraser Delta.
In Lillooet Valley, the chloped projectile-points
are generally of glassy basalt.
as js the case In the interior, rather than
In the delta of the Fraser or on the coast.
A few stone hammers or pestles from the
valley named resemble those of Lytton,
but the typical form, which has previous
ly been described, is like that of North
ern Vancouver Island. The rarity of this
type In Fraser Delta suggests that tha
art products of Lillooet Valley were in
fluenced from Vancouver Island by a
more northerly route. But an adze of Iron
was found hafted In a piece or antler
esactly as are the stone celts from Fra
ser Delta. Carved stone dishes, such as
were acrlnclal!y used In recent times by
the Indians, at the time of taking the"
first salmon each year, are also found In
Lillooet Valley. Their carving, which
slightly resembles that of the dishes of
the vicinity of Tale, Sumas Prairie and
Southeastern Vancouver Island.. Is of spe- 1
clal Interest as its real affiliations are
yet to be found.
Nicola River descends rapidly from the
top of the plateau to the Thompson,
where It has eroded a deep valley. At the
bases of the rock-slides In several places
in this valley graves were discovered
which had been made on the ground, and
the talus slope then sufficiently disturbed
to cause the rocks to slide down and
cover the body. One of these graves was
covered with a tent formed of mats sup
ported on poles, confirming the belief that
the poles and wooden slabs found over
graves at Spences Bridge and Kamloops
were the remains of similar tents. The
contents of the Nicola Valley graves were
of practically the same character as those
of the other graves examined In the
southern Interior of British Columbia.
Some beautiful double-blade celts of ne
phrite (two of them being each over 13
Inches in length) were also found here.
Certain other specimens from graves,
such as copper pendants for the middle
of a necklace, were similar to objects ob
tained at Lytton, where their use was
not fully understood; here, however, they
were found in such a good state of pres
ervation and under such circumstances
that their use Is obvious.
It Is desirable to continue the archeo
logical investigations in Lillooet Valley,
especially in its northwestern part, for
the purpose of comparing the culture of
Its former Inhabitants with that of the
northern portion of Vancouver Island. On
the south, the valley of the Fraser, be
tween Lytton and Port Hammond, should
be examined, with particular regard to
sculpture for comparison with the type
found in Lillooet Valley. The Columbia.
River region. In the Interior of Washing
ton and Oregon, probably contains the
key to several problems, especially with
reference to those of the interior of Brit
ish Columbia. The culture of the west
ern coast of Vancouver Island, while
probably similar to that of the surround
ing region already examined, should also
be studied for the purpose of completing
the reconnolssance of the Immediate Te
gion. To extend such a reconnolssance
It will be necessary to study the arche
ology of the Lower Columbia on the
south, and of Queen Charlotte Islands and
Southern Alaska on the north.
STATE PRESS COMMENT.
Seldom has an attempt been made by
Congress to sell out the taxpayers that
parallels the ship subsidy bill that is un
der consideration In the Senate. It is a
clear steal of $9,000,000 a year to be taken
from the taxpayers and given to a few
ship-owners for a period of 20 years.
Dalles Times-Mountaineer.
The farmer who Is too economical to
buy sheds for machinery, who cannot af
ford to give his domestic animals all the
food they require, who returns none of
the elements to the soil that he yearly
takes from it, and does not even take
the trouble to properly cultivate it will
soon find that farming doesn't pay, 1. e.,
in the manner he does it. He is too cheap
a man for that business. Vale Gazette.
.The Oriental fair would be a grand
thing for Oregon, for Washington, and.
In fact, for the whole country. Properly
organized on business plans. It ought not
to cost such a stupendous sum of money
as those who appear to oppose it are will
ing to suggest. Among all the points in
terested, Portland is supreme. It ought
to take the lead. It will, if its business
men and leading property-owners are
given their way about It. Let's have the
fair. Portland New Age.
Attorney-General Blackburn's .opinion
that reading the Bible and saying the
Lord's prayer in public schools Is per
missible. Is not Indorsed by all. The read
ing of the Bible by the teacher assuredly
becomes a part of the day's instruction.
The preceptor does not read a chapter In.
the Bible for the amusement, but for the
edification of the pupils, and It In fact
forms a part of the studies not prescribed
by the State Board of Education. It Is,
In truth, compulsory religious education,
and It violates the first amendment to
the Constitution of the United States and
Oregon, for it certainly prohibits the free
exercise of religious opinions. If a pupil
should walk out of a schoolroom during
the reading of the Scriptures, he woula
be considered culpable and punished. The
Bible Is not a text-book, and its use in
schools makes these places of learning
sectarian. Supreme Court decisions are
that the reading of the Bible In schools
Is "instruction." The question of the ve
racity of the Bible does not come in, but
the right of reading It In public schools,
whether It be true or false. Is the issue.
Attorney-General Blackburn admits the
unconstitutionality, yet he says It Is per
missible. We are sorry he has allowed
politics to sway him, and was afraid to
impair his political future by the expres
sion of other sentiments. He looked at
the subject through the spectacles of
Christians, and ignored broad-minded
views for the sako of holding office.
Aurora Borealls.
And now the Legislature Is to be asked
again to amend the state game and fish
law. It has long been known that it was
out of balance somewhere and needed fix
ing, and many attempts have been made
to fix It, but very little progress has thus
far been made In the right direction. Now
If they will cut out about half of the en
actments already enacted along this line
and put a little common sense into th
other half they will get the proposition
started eff right Cottage Grove Nugget.
Sentiment In favor of a big exposition
in Portland In 1M2 Is growing, and the
plan will meet with encouragement
throughout the state. It would be the
greatest thing that ever happened for
Portland and for the entire state. The
only objection offered Is that any aid
Congress might give would cut down the
appropriation for our Columbia River Im
provements. A more sensible view, how
ever, seems to us to be that such a fair
would so advertise the vast resources and
wealth of the great Northwest, and would
at the same time so well advertise our
needs In the line of river Improvement
that thereafter our demands for aid In
that direction would stand on their own
merits, or as nearly so as "demands"
ever do In Congress. Antelope Herald.
It does appear quite probable that this
session of Congress will authorize the
construction of the NIcaraga Canal and
make the necessary appropriation. The
short-sighted, selfish Interests of a few
transcontinental railroads which fear wa
ter competition in heavy freights should
not operate longer to prevent the con
struction of this waterway by the Gov
ernment. That canal should have been
built years ago. but the commercial In
terests of the East until now have op
posed it. With that interest favorable to
It, It seems that now Is a most auspicious
time to press the canal bill. Both from
an economic and political standpoint the
canal Is a necessity, and no party has de
clared against It- Milton Eagle.
Tlev. Jnran Johnnnn Mlftntng.
NEW YORK. Dec 17. The Herald prints
the following:
Much speculation is being indulged in
by the friends of Rev. James Lebnroi
Johnson as to his whereabouts. He vra&
last seen about one week ago at Watklns,
N. Y., where he has been a patient In a
sanitarium, having gone there several
months ago, because of a serious attack
of nervous prostration. Mr. Johnson's
shattered health Is said to be largely the
result of his duties as one of the chaplain.?
of the Fire Department, which he as
sumed on March 2S. 1S99, having been ap
pointed to that position by' Fire Com
mlssloner ScannelL Several years ago he
lived in Tacoma. Wash., before he took
holy orders and was a member of tha lu
cal fire department of that city
SUBSIDY FOR THIS COAST
PRYE-PAYXE MEASURE IXEaUI
TABLY DEVISED.
The Relation of the Bill to the Com
mercial Interest of the Pa
cific Coaat.
WASHINGTON, Dec 1L (To the Edi
tor.) Tho course of events in Asia, and
particularly in China, seems to consti
tute tho present an epochal period in
tho history of the commercial develop
ment of our Pacific Coast btates. 1 re
ler particularly to the traue of the m
torior And, Western sections of this coun
try, whicn seems llke.y to be developed
with Asia and Australasia as the resuit
ot events now In progress.
A few years ago l ascertained through
carciul Investigation tnat the value of tne
commerce of tho so-called arid region em
bracing approximately tne area Deiween
the lWih meridian at the east, and tne
Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges at the
west, with the other states of the Union,
was about $4W,CO0,O00 annually, as fouowa;
Shipped out of "and region". ...$2lO.u.O0O
fahippea into "arid region ' m.amaa)
Total H40,'j0k,0w)
This enormous commercial development
exceeded the total value of the commerce
of the United States with sia, Soutn
America. Mexico and the West Indies
com Dined. Tne construction of railroads
across the continent and into various por
tions, of the arid region was tne most
Important condition itading to tnls de
velopment. Then east of the arid region there is
the "great West," the most productive
agricultural area on the globe, the chief
trade centers of which are Chicago, St.
Louis, Minneapolis, St. Paul and Cincin
nati. For commercial intercourse with
these great productive areas and trade
centers, the ports of our Pacific Coast
States enjoy tne unsurpassed advantages
afforded by railroads, which during the
last 30 years have been constantly in
creasing their facilities and general etn
clency and reducing their rates for -the
transportation of freights.
Then turning to the west across the
Pacific Ocean there is China, the most
populous, and perhaps the most resource
ful, empire on the globe, apparently on
the eve of being opened up to commer
cial enterprise. Our seaports on the Pa
cific Coast stand as entrepots and porta
of shipment between these vast produc
tive areas.
In the light of the enormous commercial
possibilities thus presented to the view
of the people of the Pacific Coast, I de
sire to invite attention to certain pro
visions of the Frye-Payne shipping bill
(Senate bill 727). now under consideration
by Congress. This bill limits the total
amount of subsidy to be paid to American
vessels In any one fiscal year to $9,000,000.
Beginning at line 22, on page 6, It reads
as follows:
"... and of which J9.O00.000 not
more than 70 per centum shall be ex
pended In any one fiscal year In respect
to the vessels engaged In the Atlantic
Ocean trade, except in case the Pacifi'o
Ocean trade shall not require. In re
spect of the vessels engaged In said last
mentioned trade, the expenditure of the
whole amount of 30 per centum of said
J9.000.000 In any such year."
As subsequently amended, the bill also
provides that of the 70 per centum re
served to the Atlantic, any portion of
whicn is not so used taay go to the Pa
cific The question arises, About what propor
tion of the 30 per centum proposed to bo
allotted to the Pacific Coas't trade woula
be available for that trade, and what pro
portion would covert to the Atlantic Coast
trade, or vice versa? We need not wait
for results In order to determine that.
For all practical purposes, the experi
ences of the past and of the present af
ford adequate Information upon this sub
ject. Such experiences are recorded In
our statistics of tonnage entered, tonnage
owned and value of commerce.
The data upon these points is pub
lished by the Bureau of Statistics, and Is
as follows:
(1) Tonnage entered at seaports of the
United States and at ports on the Pa
cific Coast during the year ended June 30,
1S99:
Tons.
Total tonnage entered at sea
ports of the United States 21.963,417
Tonnage entered at Pacific Coast
ports 2,009,992
Percentage entered at Pacific Coast
ports, 12 per cent.
(2) Tonnage of vessels owned In the
United States and on the Pacific Coast:
Tons.
Owned In United States 4.864.23S
Owned on the Pacific Coast 539,937
Per cent owned on the Pacific Coast, 11
per cent.
(3) Value of the foreign commerce or
the United States, and of the Pacific
Coast during the year ended June 30.
1S99:
Value of foreign commerce of
United States J1,676,2C9,SS9
Value of foreign commerce of
Pacific Coast ports 105,090,422
Per cent at Pacific Coast ports, 6.
Here we have threer expressions Indica
tive of the probable amount of compen
sation which would be awarded to the
states of the Pacific- Coast under the
provisions of Senate bill 727, viz:
Pr. ct
Tonnage entered 12
Tonnage owned H
Value of foreign commerce 6
In order to make clear the significance
of these figures, I would observe:
First That in the main the value of
commerce, and therefore of freight earn
ings, of vessels employed in the Pacific
Coast trade does not appear to be so
large In proportion to tonnage entered
as on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts.
Second In the absence of specific data,
I am inclined to believe that the re
quirements of the bill In regard to the
amount of cargo to be carried, which
shall entitle any vessel to compensation,
would in the main be more unfavorable
to vessels employed in the Pacific Ocean
trade than in the Atlantic Ocean trade.
I refer especially to the following words
in lines 9 and 10 of page i of the bill,
which Teads as follows:
"Any shortage In the amount of cargo
required and defined as aforesaid shall
diminish the amount of the compensa
tion In this paragraph provided," etc
In view of the foregoing statements, it
appears to be quite within bounds to say
that, under present conditions, the Pa
cific Coast would not secure at the start,
or for several years to come, more than
10 per centum of the total sum of J9.000,
000, instead of 30 per centum, as generous
ly proposed In the Ffye-Payne bill by the
gentleman who framed It. Referring to
the provision on pages G and 7, providing
that if the Pacific Coast trade shall not
require the full amount of 30 per centum
of the total amount of $9,000,000, the ex
cess shall revert to vessels employed In
the trade of the Atlantic and Gulf States,
it does not seem probable that the fram
ers of the bill would have anticipated
that two-thirds of the allotted compensa
tion to the Pacific Coast trade should
thus revert to the eastern side of the con
tinent. In order to prevent such rever
sion, it would manifestly be necessary to
Increase the rate of compensation of ves
sels engaged In the Pacific Ocean trade,
and for the reasons hereinbefore stated
that appears to be both justifiable and
advisable
Besides, there are other weighty reasons
In favor of granting to that section of
the country a higher rate of payment
than Is accorded to vessels engaged in the
foreign commerce of the Atlantic and
Gulf Coasts. The object to be secured
on the Atlantic Coast is the improvement
of a condition, while on the Pacific Coast
it Is that of directing the course of an
evolution. This may be illustrated by
considering the enormous possibilities
which await commerce with Asia, and
particularly with China and Japan. The
possible magnitude of the commero of
the future with China is Indicated In a
general soft of way by the following
statement, showing the population of the
United Kingdom (Great Britain and ire
land) and of China, in connection with
the value of the commerce of the United
States with those countries for the year
ended June 30. 1900:
Value com-Popu-
merce with
latlon. U. S.
Great Britain and
Ireland 40.539.954 $693,412,434
Chinese Empire, ln-
cIudtngHong Kong.402,6S0,a 51.S37.105
From this statement It appears that our
commerce with Great BrUain, which has
a population of only 40,559.934, Is more
than 13 times as large as our commerce
with China, which has a population of
over 400000.000. or nearly 10 times that of
the United Kingdom.
That this grand possibility is "in sight"
seems to be Indicated by the history of
the increase of our trade with Japan.
This is shown as follows:
Total commerce of the United States
with Japan:
Yr. ended Value of Value of Total
June SO. Exports. Imports. Commerce.
1S60 J 40.553 , $ 102,566 $ 143,119
1ST0 1.529.714 4.183.365 5.713,079
1SS0 2.552.SSS 14,510,834 17,003,722
1SS0 5,232,643 tl.103,321 26,333.567
190) 29.0S 7.642 32,724.418 61,S12,U
Thus it appears that our commerce with
Japan har grown by leaps and bounds
The history of Its development clearly In
dicates that it has been the result of the
adoption of the methods of modern civ
ilization. With a population of only 43,
760,754, Japan has a commerce with the
United States considerably larger than
that of China with the United States,
although the population of China Is 402,
6SO.O0O, or nearly nine t.mcs that of Japan.
.What may we not expect, therefore, if
the outcome of the struggles now going
on in China shall be to let the light of
civilization into that benighted region?
In view of the foregoing, the question
arises. What expedient or policy shall
we adopt In order that the Pacific Coast
of the United States may secure some
where iear Its proper share of the pro
posed total subvention stated In Senate
bill 727 at 30 per centum? Evidently the
question Is one as to the rate of pay
ment, and not as to the share of the
total subsidy. Some sort of a differen
tial rate of compensation which would
accomplish this object should therefore
be adopted. According to data kindly
furnished to me by the Chief of the Bu
reau of Statistics, the percentage of the
total tonnage entered at seaports of the
United States from China, Japan and
Australasia, which entered at Pacific
Coast ports, is Indicated as follows, for
the year ended June 30, 1893:
Tons.
Total tonnage entered at seaports
of United States from China, Ja
pan and Australasia 474,173
Tonnage entered at Pacific Coast
ports from China, Japan and Aus
tralasia ....J. 3S6.652
Percentage of total tonnage entered at
Pacific Coast ports of the United States
from China, Japan and Australasia, 81.
Thus It appears that under the bill
about 81 per cent of the total payments to
American vessels engaged In trade with
China, Japan and Australasia would ac
crue to our Pacific Coast. But it Is high
ly probable that with the development
of steam navigation across the Pacific a
much larger percentage of the subsidy
would In the future be paid to vessels
trading between our Pacific Coast ports
and those countries.
In view of the foregoing data, I am led
to suggest the following amendment to
tho bill:
"Provided, that the rate of compensa
tion to be awarded to vessels engaged In
commerce between ports of the United
States and all ports and places situated
between the 140th meridian of west longl
ture and the 70th meridian of cast longi.
tude shall receive rates of compensation
per cent in excess of the rates else
where provided in the bill."
I refrain from making any positive rec
ommendation as to the preferential rate
to vessels employed In trans-Pacific
Ocean trade, but would suggest aO per
centum.
There are also evident military consid
erations which" justify the proposed dif
ferential rate in favor of vessels engaged
in the trans-Pacific trade.
From the political point of view, the
considerations to which I have thus In
vited public attention may possibly be
regarded as subject to the imputation of
commercialism, but human life on this
planet has its inevitable commercial side.
Our civilization is a failure if it Is not
aggressive. Year's ago it seemed as
though the progress of settlement in this
country might be retarded by a false sen.
tlmentallty toward the Indians, but the
men who subdued the vast Interior and
bulldcd prosperous states on the Pacific
Coast proclaimed to the world that civi
lization had the right of way to the fu
ture on this continent, and now the
course of events and the concurrent ac
tion of the most enlightened nations
seems hopefully to proclaim that civiliza
tion has the right of way to the future
throughout the world. The task ot shap
ing our commercial legislation to this end
appears to be the exigent duty of the
hour. JOSEPH NIMMO, JR.
HELEN KELLER SPEAKS.
Deaf and Blind Girl Astonishes Her
Fellow-Students.
BOSTON, Dec. 17Helen Keller, the
deaf, blind and heretofore dumb student
at Radcllffe College, recently astonished
and delighted the freshman class, of
which she Is a vice-president, by making
a short address. It was at a class lunch
eon In Fay Hall, and Helen, who has re
cently become able to make sounds, which
can be understood by those familiar with
her, responded when called upon by the
chairman.
She spoke only a few words. In a low,
modulated tone, which did not lack in
strength, and was even musical. Up to
this point she had muttered but a few
words, out Miss Sullivan, her constant
companion and guardian, can now under
stand her quite readily, as can others
who have become accustomed to her.
Miss Keller, who Is not yet IS years old.
show3 a steady Improvement In her new
and wonderful accomplishment. Even
those who know her and her remarkable
mental capacity express atstonlshment at
the headway she is making. The first
public utterance to her fellow-students
at Fay Hall was applauded rapturously.
Every day she has long conversations in
her own way with Miss Sullivan, who
some time ago could understand her only
from the movement of the lips. Now
she takes up words and sentences and
repeats them until she Improves In tone
and modulation.
Miss Keller Is an eager student, all of
her time being taken up with her studies,
which Include French, English and history-
Las week she spent several days
In New York, and her friends say she
was delighted with the trip.
Copper Fomnd In New Jersey.
NEW YORK, Dec 17. Copper In paying
quantities has been discovered In tho
Watchung Mountains, two miles north ol
Bound Brook, N. J. The principal own
er of the newly discovered mine it
Joslah C. Reiff, of this city. Six
months ago he went to Bound Brook,
and after acquiring a lease on a tract of
land near the Potts place, where 20 years
ago copper was found, and where a min
ing company dug Into the side of the
mountain, he began operations. Work
at the time was conducted in a most se
cret manner. The few men who were em
ployed and who went to Bound Brook
Saturday nights refused to talk of the
work and results. They talked freely,
however, last Saturday of the rich find
of copper, and a man who Is thoroughly
familiar with the enterprise said that
Colonel Relff had struck pay dirt. He
said that there are 1500 feet of under
ground workings and about 800 tons of ore
on the dump.
Are as small as homeopathic pellets,
and as easy to take as sugar. Everybody
likes them. Carter Little Liver Pills.
Try them.
NO CAUSE FOR DIVISION
EASTERN AXD "WESTERN OREGON
SHOULD WORK TOGETHER.
Judge Stephen A. Lowell, of Pendle
ton, Protests Against Proposi
tion From Marion County.
PENDLETON, Dec 17.-To the Editor.)
A few years ago a proposition was ad
vanced, emanating from Union County,
favoring a division of the state at the
Cascade Mountains. The cause then waa
presumably the unfortunate oDnosltinn of
Marlon County to the location of a branch '
insane asylum In the Grand Ronde Val
ley. Now we have presented the same propo
sition, emanating from Marlon County,
and the cause this time is apparently ho
tax levy under the coyote Jbounty act.
It Is hardly reasonable to presume that
there then was, or now Is, any serious
advocacy of the project, but there Is dan
ger in it. A continued newspaper agita
tion or legislative discussion of the sub
ject will end only in added bitterness,
while the result will be to widen the
breach which unhappily does already ex
ist between the two sections, a breach at
tributable not so much to the different
conditions which characterize the two re
gions as to a lack of acquaintance amonj.
the people, due to the great distances
which separate them.
Time, the construction of railroads
through the central and southeastern por
tlons of the state, the opening of the Co
lumbia River, and cheaper rates of trans
portation will ultimately cure the misun
derstanding. Division of territory Is not to be consid
ered as a remedy, and must never be
permitted. No man recalling the mag
nificent history of the state. Its wonderful
resources and the splendor of its hope,
will lend either his voice or pen to the
furtherance of any such Iconoclastic
scheme.
The men of this trans-Cascade resion.
It Is true, believe that they are Justly en
titled to larger measure of consideration
than they are receiving, politically, so
cially, financially and educationally.
Two-thirds of the territory, approximate
ly one-third of the population, abundant
natural productions of every character,
almost limitless undeveloped resources, a
people enterprising, rich and Intelligent,
are here, and there appears no valid rea
son why the residents of a strip of land
extending from Portland to Eugcio
should arrogate to themselves all the
rights, benefits and privileges which m
other states are equitably and fairly dis
tributed. Therefore, they would like to see that
section of the constitution which provides
that all state institutions shall be located
at the seat of government abolished, be
lieving that a proper distribution of the
public institutions over the state would
result In less expense to the state wnd
inure to a better feeling among the peo
ple; they would like a representative upon
the Supreme bench of the state: thc
would be pleased If a resident of their
section could occupy the executive chair,
they would be gratified if they could be
accorded some of the minor state offices:
and they even have the temerity to .ug
gest among themselves that they are en
titled to one of the Federal SenatorsK'os.
Eut because, forsooth, none of these
things are conceded Is no reason for di
viding the state. The Interests of a few
towns or the political advancement of a
few individuals Is of small Importance be
side the building of a great, prosperous
and Influential commonwealth.
The people here are Interested In the
augmentation of all those concomitants
of statehood and all those elements of
social and commercial life which make
for the contentment and happiness of all
citizens, whether resident upon one side
of the mountains or the other; they re
joice in the increasing number of stu
dents in the state institutions at Eugene,
Corvallls and Monmouth, and In the rela
tlvely decreasing number of occupants ot
the penitentiary, insane asylum and re
form sch'ool, not because of the location
of -either Institution, but because the in
crease of the one class and the decrease
of the other alike Indicate better citizen
ship and higher social conditions.
They take pride In the material growth
In Industrial, commercial, educational ana
literary life which marks the progressive
towns of Western Oregon, and are anx
ious to do their share to attract to Bi
section of the state, the population, cap
ital and brains requisite to bring every
county to the fullness of its possibilities
and cover each with farms, factories,
schools and churches.
They have not seen fit to participate !n
the differences existing between Portland
and Astoria, but delight In the prosperity
of each, and are confident that the future
possesses for both a proud position of
wealth and importance in the maritime
commerce of the wortd.
They are not seeking to climb up b
pulling others down, and In the honorable
recognition of the talents of any clt'zen
there, either In politics, business, art,
science, literature or education, there Is a
reflex glow of the honor here.
Certainly the people of the western por
tion are not less generous. The great ma
jority of them surely And gratification In
our development, and will never seek to
cast us off because we ask a fair shire
of state appropriations and a reasonable
participation in its honors.
Doubtless some of the people there hon- j
estly feel that they are unjustly bur
dened with taxation to maintain a normal !
school and to destroy the coyotes In the
"cow counties," but that class are very
few In number, and are made up of those
whose vision Is still restricted to the
boundaries of a donation claim: who arc !
Impressed with the Idea that the Hud-
son's Bay Company is yet buying fur i
on the Columbia; that the Barlow trail '
Is still the chief avenue of travel over
the mountains, and that sagebrush, and
sand alone keep the bunchgrass company
along the old Immigrant road. But the
mass of the residents of that wonderful
valley where the state was born peopled
as It Is by the sturdy children of the
pioneers will never permit a range ot
mountains to divide their loyalty to the
state their fathers founded; and they aro
willing to aid In the material, political
and educational development of all sec
tions alike.
As a foster son of the state, yet pos-
LASTS
except merit Thli
medicine, with its
record of absolute
success, has iived
for years, and U
worthy to live.
Hosteller's
Stomach
Bitters
CURES
Dyspepsia,
Indigestion, Constipation, Nerv
ousness, Insomnia, Rheumatism,
Chilis and Fever.
All tajgats and general dealers nil R.
Sco tht a Private Revenue Stamp cv
CT5 tb tap of tho bottte.
Wgf STOMACH
He eSEcsEIsESIBI
'iSiliiSSI
FAVSBTE
PRESCRBPTION
Mrs. M. F. Long, of Le Eoup,
Franklin Co., Kans., writes i nWoraa
cannot express how grateful I am for
your kind advice, and good medi
cines. I have been in poor health
more or less, all my life. In the past
nine yean grew worse, and two years
ago I was so poorly could hardly drag
around. I consulted a specialist, and
he said I had ulceration and that an
operation v-onld have to be per
formed. This did not seem necessary
to me, so time went by, and at last
I -wrote to Dr. Pierce asking advice.
I soon got a helpful answer advising
me to try his medicines, the Favor
ite Prescription,' 'Golden Medical
Discovery,' and also his 'Pleasant
Pellets.' I began taking 'Favorite
Prescription and the other med
icines as advised. When commenc
ing I weighed 119K pounds, and af
ter taking one bottle of each I felt
like a.new woman. In one month I
gained 8 pounds. After taking two
bottles of each of the medicines,
I began to look like a woman and not
like a skeleton, and that weary tired
feeling all left me."
BY LOTE& Will.
E8aR.V. PIERCE
sesslng pride In it as I do in the state of
my birth, I appeal to the fairness, the
manliness and the high hope of every Itx
zen of Oregon, wherever he may have
bullded his home, to protest against even
the consideration of state division.
Wherever within the borders of the
commonwealth we are. there is to all :.
common heritage In the sacrifices and
achievements of the men and women wht
established civilization in the Northwest,
and together we honor the names of Mc
Loughlin. Whitman,. Lee. Gray, Waldo,
Nesmlth, Applcgate, Abernethy and their
associates who have made mighty history
In Oregon.
Let us stand together to perfect, not
destroy; let us exert ourselves to learn
the needs and discover the possibilities of
those sections of the state remote from
us; let us as a people get better acquaint
ed with each other: and be willing faln
to bear each other's burdens: let us look
to the character and ability, not to the
location of our public officers: let us de
mand political purity, not political place,
let us be mindful of a broad future, and
not a narrow present.
Here within our limits are matchless
mineral, lumber, stock, fishing and agri
cultural resources. We possess abundant
water power, and fuel In unlimited quan
tities, each requiring only enterprise and
capital to disclose its value and create
Important manufacturing cities. Upon
our northern border flows-the great rlvci
which one day must rival the Mississippi
as a commercial waterway: "and as the
new century opens we stand face to face
with crowded Asia, where the dawn ot
modern life Is breaking. We possess in
our citizenship all those 'elements which
are essential to supreme success, and
Oregon can be the Empire State of the
Pacific Slope.
Let us cease petty strife, and strike
hands to make her so.
STEPHEN A. LOWELL.
To Save Locomotive "World.
NEW YORK, Dec 17. Bernard and
Philip Katz and several members of the
citizens' committee appointed to keep the
Rogers Locomotive Works at Paterson.
N. J., have been In conference with Ja
cob S. Rogers for several days. They
wanted Mr. Rogers to give a written op
tion of 30 days on the works to the Katz
Broa.. on the terms already agreed on.
namely, that the Katz Bros, organize a
company with $500,000. and take JCOO.C-O
of the stock. Mr. Rogers to retain $100,000.
the remainder to be raised bv the com
mittee by popular subscription.
rpMEsasn
.-.'-..-.-.u
"No time to
pull the mrlif
Emergencies call for acifon.I
Judgment calls lor
ILER'S
PURB1WT
AM
Ladies
Ilka
c;
soft, thick.
glossy hslr
such as New
bbo's Hebpi
cide produces,
because they
realize thatitin-
Braaaoa their
beantr fally 100
percent. All ladles
who -man to givo
Newbbo's Hcrpi-
cror a trial will eooa.
become convinced of
-this fact, because, by
destroying the dead
It rerm at work utj-
cb the heir root, it
makes dandruff, fallia:
hair and tain, brittle
Impossibilities.
hair
V
Gentlemen
: 4- aottTW mm vilTift.h?A- for
i t works Tifco a charm, eTea up
oa bald heads. .
tmr S!e at H Fkst-Cltu Drag Stores
Mi W v-1 fc S3, i l IM St f;1 B (I hi
ia
IWHISIiEf i
Purity aber L& I
1 5&irwH
1 W&wmr aW
V wmgmr 'and Dealers. S W
I The Blnmnner-Franlc I'M 'iv
Drag: Co. K3J P
Dlatrfbtttera. Portlaaa, Or. 'irL l
THE PALATIAL
OffflM BUILDING
Not a dark office in the building)
absolutely fireproof; electric lights
and artesian venter; perfect sanlta
tlon nnd thoronfjU ventilation. 31e
vat or. n ran day unci nlcht.
Rooms.
AINSLIE. DR. GEORGE. Physician.... 608-609
ANDERSON. GUSTAV. Attorney-at-Law...612
ASSOCIATED PRESS; E. L. Powell. Msr-.SOd
AUSTEN. F. C. Manager for Orecon and
Washington Bankers lAte Association, of
Des Moines, la ."., 502-303
BANKERS" LIFE ASSOCIATION. OF DES
MOINES. IA.; F C. Austen. Manaser.502-503
BAYNTUN, GEO.' R,. Manaoer for Chas.
Scrlbners" Sons 313
BEALS. EDWARD A.. Forecast Official U.
S. Weather Bureau 010
BENJAMIN. R. . DcntUt 314
RINSWANGER. DR. O. S.. Phys. & Sur.410-11
BROOKE. DR. J. M.. Phys. & Surs "08-709
BROWN. MYRA. M. D 313-314
BRUERE. DR. G. E.. Physician.... 412-413-414
CANNING. M. J 602-603
CAUKIN, G. E., District Aent Travelers'
Insurance Co 713
CARDWELL. DR. J. R..1 500
CHURCHILL. MRS. E. J 716-71T
COFFEr. DR. R. C. Phys. & Surgeon 700
COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANY
004-CU5-C00-C07-CI3-614-CI3
CORNELIUS C. W.. Phys. and Surgeon....200
COVER. F. C. Cashier Equitable Life 300-
COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher; S. P. McGulre.
Manager 415-416
DAY. J. G. & L N 319
DAVIS. NAPOLEON. President Columbia
Telephone Co 607
DICKSON, DR. J. F., Physician 713-714
DRAKE. DR. H. B.. rhyslcian 512-S13-314
DWYER. JOE F., Tobaccos 403
EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth floor
EQUITABLE LIFE INSUKANCE SOCIETY;
L. Samuel. Mgr.: F. C Covet. Cashier. ...308
EVENING TELEGRAM 323 Alder street
FENTON. J. D.. Physician and Surgeon.509-5ia
FENTON. DR. HICKS C; Ee and Ear... .511
FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist 002
GALVANI. W, H.. Engineer and Draughts
man 600
GAVIN. A.. President Oregon Camera Club.
214-215-211U217
GEARY. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and
Surgeon 212-213
GEHB1E PUB. CO., Ltd.. Fine Art Pub
lishers; M. C. McGreevy. Mgr 318
GIESY. A. J.. Physician and Surgeon.. .709-710
GODDARD. E. C & CO.. Footwear
Ground floor. 12U Sixth street
GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan
Life Insurance Co.. of New York...... 200-210
GRANT. FRANK S., Attorney-at-Law C17
HAMMAM TURKISH AND MEDICAL
BATHS: J. 1). McKmnon. Propr 300-1-2
HAMMOND, A. B 310
HOLLISTER, DR. O. C, Phys. & Sur..5d4-50a
IDLBMAN'. C M.. Attorney-at-Law.. .410-17-18
JOHNSON. W. C 315-316-317
KADY. MARK T.. Supervisor of Agents
Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n COt-603
LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-Presldsnt and Gen
eral Manager Columbia Telephone. Co. .....604
LIT1LEFIELD. H. n.. 1'hys. and Surgeon..20a
MACKAY. DR. A. E., Phys. and Surg..7U-712
MAHTIN. J. L. & CO.. Timber Lands 001
MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. &. Surg.70l-2-3
McCOY. NEWTON Attorncy-at-Law 713
McFADEN. MISS IDA E., Stenographer.. ..201
McGINN. HENRY E.. Attorney-at-Law..311-12
METT. HENRY" 213
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist and
Oral Surgson 608-609
MCSSMAN, DR. E. P. Dentist 312-313-314
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO. of
New York; V. Goidman. Manager. .. .209-210
MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N;
Mark T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents.. 604-603
Mcelroy, dr. j. g.. Phys. & sur.701-702-703
McFARLAND. E. B.. Secretary Cnumbla
Telephone Co COO
McGUIRE. S P.. Manager P. F. Collier,
Publisher 415-418
McKIM. MAURICE. At;orney-at-Law 300
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. of New
York: AVm. S. Pond. State Mgr 404-405-400
NICHOLAS. HORACE B Atfy-at-Law 715
NILES. M. ,L-. Cashl?r Manhattan Life In
surance Co.. of New York 202
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY;
Dr. L. B. Smith. Osteopath 408-409
OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-213-216-217
PACIFIC CHRISTIAN PUB. CO.: J. F.
Ghormley. Mgr 303
POND. WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life
Ins. Co.. of New York 404-405-400
PORTLAND ETE AND EAR INFIRMARY.
Ground floor. 133 Sixth street
PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.: J.
H. Marshall. Jlanager 318
QUIMBY. L. V. W.. Game and Forestry
Warden 710-717
ROSENDALE, O. M., -Metallurgist and Min
ing Engineer 515-510
REED & MALCOLM. "Opticians... 133 Sixth st.
REED. F. C. Fish Commissioner 407
RYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Law 417
SAMUEL. L., Manager Equitable Life 300
SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE
Co.: H. F. Bushong. Gen. Agent for Ore.
and Washington 301
SHERW OOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com
mander K. O. T. M .....517
SLOCUM. SAMUEL C Phys. and Surg... 700
SMITH. DR. L. B.. Osteopath 408-409
SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.309
STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law 617-013
STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-7o5
SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO... - 709
STROWBRIDGE. THOMAS H.. Executive
Special Agt- Mutual Life of New York...40O
SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE 201
TUCKER. DR. GEO. F.. Dentist 810-6U
U. S. WEATHER BUREAU.. ..907-903-909-910
U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH
DIST.; Captain W. C. Langfltt. Corps of
Engineers. U. S. A 800
U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS: Captain W.
C. Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A..810
WATERMAN. C H.. Cashier Mutual Life
of New York 0S
WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Physician.
and Surgeon 304-303
WILSON, DR. GEO. F.. Phys. & Surg..706-707
WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phys, & Surg..507-503
WOOD. DR. "ft. L-. Physician 412-413-414
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO... .615
A tevr more elegant offices may be
bad by applying to Portland Trust
Company cf Oregon, 109Thlrd nt., or
t the rent cleric In the bnlldlng.