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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 4, 1900)
THE MORNING OBEGONIAN, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 1900. H ft J versles and redress of wrongs which have caused strife and bloodshed In the past. In the performance of this dnty the com mission Is enjoined to see that no Injus tice is done: to have regard for substan tial rights and equity, disregarding tech nlcalltes so far as substantial right per mits, and to observe the following rules: " That the provision of the treaty of Paris pledging the United States to the protection of all rights of property in the islands as well as the principle cf our own government which prohibits the taking of private property without due process of law, shall not be violated; that the welfare of the people of the islands, which should be a paramount considera tion, shall be attained consistently with this rule of property rights; that If It be comes necessary for the public Interest of the people of the island to dispose of claims to property which the commission finds to be not lawfully acquired and heia, disposition shall be made thereof by due' legal procedure in which there shall be full opportunity for fair and Impartial hearing and Judgment; that If the same public Interest require the extinguish ment of property rights, lawfully acquired and held, due compensation shall be made .out of the public treasury therefor; that no form of religion and no minister of religion shall be forced upon any com munity of upon any citizen of the isl ands; that upon the other hand, no min ister of religion shall be Interfered with or molested In following his calling, and that the separation between state and church shall be real, entire and absolute. "It will be the duty of the commission to promote and extend, and as they find occasion, to improve the system of edu cation alreadv inaugurated by the mili tary authorities. In doing this tftey should regard as of first importance the extension of a system of primary educa tion which shall be free to all and which shall tend to fit the people for the duties of citizenship and for the ordinary avo cations of a civilized community. This Instruction should be given in the first in stance in every part of the Islands In the language of the people. In view of the great number of languages spoken by the different tribes. It is especially Important to the prosperity of the Island that a com mon medium of communication may be established, and It Is obviously desirable that this should be the English language. Especial attention should b at once given to affording full opportunity to all the people of the Islands to acquire the use of the English language. "It may be well that the many changes which should be made in the system of taxation and in the body of the laws under which the people are governed, except such changes as have already been made by the military government, should be relegated to the clval government which is to be established under the auspices of the .commission. It will, however, be the duty of the commission to Inquire diligently as to whether there are any further changes which ought not to be delayed, and If so. they are authorized to make such changes, subject to your ap proval. On doing so they are to bear in mind that taxes which tend to penalize or repress industry and enterprise are to be avoided; that provisions for taxation should be simple so that they may be understood by the people; that "tney should affect the fewest practicable sub. Jects of taxation which will serve for the general distribution of the burden. "The main body of the laws which regulate the rights and obligations of the people should be maintained with as little Interference as possible. Chances made should be mainly In procedure and in the criminal laws to secure speedy and impar tial trials, and at the same time effective administration and respect for Individual rights. "In dealing with the uncivilized tribes of the island the Commission should adopt the same course followed by Congress in permitting the tribes of our North Amer ican Indians to maintain their tribal or ganization and government, and under which many of these tribes are now liv ing in peace and contentment, surrounded by a civilization to which they are un able or unwilling to conform. Such tribal governments should, however, be subject to wise and firm regulations, and without undue .or,pcty intcrferoncfeiconstant and active effort should be exercised to pre vent barbarous practices and Introduce civilized customs. "Upon all officers and employes of the United States, both civil and military. Bhould be Impressed a sense of the duty to observe not merely the material, but the personal and social rights of the people of the Islands and to treat them with the same courtesy and respect for their personal dignity which the people of the United States are accustomed to require from each other." "The articles of capitulation of the City of Manila on the ICtn of August, 1S9S, con cluded with these words: "This city. Its Inhabitants, its churches and religious worship. Its educational es tablishments and Its private property of all descriptions are placed under the spe cial safeguard of the faith and honor of the American Army." "I believe that this pledge has been falthfullly kept. As high and sacred an ob ligation rests upon the Government of the United States to give protection for prop erty and life, civil and religious freedom, and wise, firm and unselfish guidance in the paths of peace and prosperity to all the people of the Philippine Islands. I charge this Commission to labor for the full performance of this obligation, which concerns the honor and conscience of this country. In the firm hope that through their labors all the Inhabitants of tbe Philippine Islands may come to look back with gratitude to the day when God gave victory to American arms at Manila and set their lands under the sovereignty and the protection of the people of the United tates.' Amnesty Proclamation. Colncldentally with the entrance of tho Commission upon Its labor I caused to be Issued by General MacArthur the military Governor of the PWHpplnes, on June 21. 1903, a proclamation of amnesty In gen erous terms, of which many of the Insur gents took advantage, among them a number of Important leaders. This Com mission, composed of eminent citizens, representing the diverse geographical and political Interests of the country, and bringing to their task the ripe fruits of long and Intelligent service in educational, administrative and Judicial careers, made great progress from the outset. As early as August 1, 1500, it submitted a prelim inary report, which, will be laid before the Congress, and from which It appears that already the good effects of returning or der are felt; that business Interrupted by hostilities Is Improving as peace extends; that a larger area Is under sugar cultiva tion than ever before: that the customs revenues are greater than at any time during Spanish rule; that economy and efficiency in the military administration have created a surplus of $6,000,000 avail able for needed public improvements; that a stringent civil service law Is In prepa ration; that railroad communications are expanding, opening up ricn districts, and that a. comprehensive scheme of education is being organizad. later reports from the Commission show yet more encouraging advances toward insuring the benefits of liberty and good government to the Filipinos in the interest of humanity and with the aim of building up an enduring self-supporting and self administering community in these far Eastern seas. I would Impress upon the Congress that whatever legislation may be enacted In respect to the Philippine Is lands should be along these generous lines. The fortune of war has thrown upon this Nation an unsought trust which should be unselfishly discharged, and de volved upon this Government a moral as well as a material responsibility toward these millions whom we have freed from an oppressive yoke. I have upon another occasion called the Filipinos "the wards of the Nation." Our obligation as guardian was not lightly assumed: it must not be otherwise than honestly fulfilled, aiming first of all to benefit those who have come under our fostering care. It is our duty so to treat Xhm that our flag may,, be no less be- lov in the mountains of Luzon and the fertile fields of Mindanao aid Negros than it Is at home: that there, as here. It shall be the revered symbol of liberty, enlightenment and progress in every ave nue of development. The Filipinos are a race quick to learn ana to pront oy knowledge. He would be rash, who, with the teachings of contemporaneous history In view, would fix a limit to the degree of culture and advancement yet within the reach of those people if our duty to ward them be faithfully performed. PORTO RICO AND CUBA. SnccMi in the Former Prosre Torrard. Cuban Autonomy. The civil government of Porto Rico provided for by the act of the Congress approved April 12, 1900. Is In successful operation. The courts have been estab lished: the Governor and his associates working Intelligently and narmoniousiy. are making a commendable success, on the 6th of November a general election was held In the island for members of the Legislature and the body has been called to convene on the first Monday of I recommend that legislation be enacted by Congress conferring upon tbe Secre tary of the Interior supervision over the public lands In Porto Rico, and that he be directed to ascertain the location and quantity of lands the title to which re mained in the crown of Spain at the date the cession of Porto Rico to the United States, and that appropriations for sur veys be made and the methods of the disposition of such lands be prescribed by law. On the 25th of July. 1900, I directed that a call be Issued for an election in Cuba for members of a constitutional convention to frame a constitution as a basis for a stable and independent gov ernment in the Island. In pursuance thereof the Military Governor issued the following instructions: "Whereas, The Congress of the United States by Its Joint resolution of April 20, 1S93, declared that the people of the Island of Cuba are and of right ought to be free and Independent; that the United States hereby disclaims any disposition or Intention to exercise sovereignty. Juris diction or control over the said Island, eept for the pacification thereof, and asserts Its determination when that Is accomplished to leave the government and control of the Island to its people; and whereas the people of Cuba have es tablished municipal governments, deriv ing their authority from the suffrages of the people given under Just and 'Qual laws, and are now ready. In like manner to proceed to the establishment of a general government which shall assume and exercise sovereignty, Jurisdlctlcn and control over the Island; therefore. It Is ordered that a general election be held In the Island of Cuba on the third Sat urday of September. In tl'i year 1900, for delegates to a convention to meet In the City of Havana at 12 noon on tne nrsi Monday of November, In the year 1900. to frame and adopt a constitution for the people of Cuba, and as a part thereof to provide for and agree with the gov ernment of the United States upon the relations to exist between that govern ment and the Government of Cuba, and to provide for election by the people of officers under such constitution and to transfer the government to the officers so elected. "The election will be held In the several voting precincts of the Island under and pursuant to the provisions of the electoral law of April 18, 1900, and the amend ments thereof." The election was held on the 15th of September, and the convention assembled on the 5th of November. 1900. and Is now In session. In calling the convention to order the Military Governor of Cuba made the following statement: "As Military Governor of the Island, representing the President of the United States. I call this convention to order. It will be your duty first to frame and adopt a constitution for Cuba, and when that has been done, to formulate what. In your opinion, ought to be the relations between Cuba and the United States. The constitution must "be adequate to se cure a stable, orderly and free govern ment. When you have formulated the re lations which. In your opinion, ought to exist between Cuba and the United States, the Government of the United States will doubtless take such action on Its part as shall lead to a final and authoritative agreement between the people of the two countries to the promotion of their com mon interests. All friends of Cuba will follow your deliberations with the deepest Interest, earnestly desiring that you shall reach Just conclusions, and by the dig nity. Individual self-restraint and wise, conservatism which iha.ll characterize your proceedings the capacity of the Cu ban people for representative government may be signally illustrated. The funda mental distinction between true republi can government and dictatorship Is that the former Is representative of the peo ple. In whatever office he confines him self strictly within the limits of his de fined powers. Without such restraint there can be no free constitutional gov ernment. Under the order pursuant to which you have been elected and con vened, you have no duty and no authority to take part In the present government of the island. Tour powers are strictly lim ited by the terms of that order. "When the convention concludes Its la bor I will transmit to the Congress the constitution as framed by the convention for Its consideration and for such action as It may deem advisable." Transpacific Cable. I renew the recommendation made in my special message of February 10. 1899, as to the necessity for cable communication between the United States and Hawaii with -extension to Manila. Since then circumstances have strikingly emphasized this need. Surveys have shown the entire feasibility of a chain of cables which at each stopping place shall touch on Amer ican territory, so that the system shall be under our own complete control. Ma nila - nee within telegraphic reach, con nection with the systems of the Asiatic Coast would be Increased, and profitable opportunities for a more direct cable route from our shores to the Orient than Is now afforded by the trans-Atlantic, Continental and trans-Asiatic lines. I urge attention to this important matter. FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS. Army Should Be 00,000 to 100,000 Tbe Savy, Postofuces, Etc The present strength of the Army Is 100.000 men 65,000 regulars and 35,000 vol unteers. Under the act of March 2, 1899, on the 30th of June next the present vol unteer force will be discharged and the Regular Army will be reduced to 247 officers pnd 29,025 enlisted men. In IBS a board of officers convened by President Cleveland adopted a comprehensive scheme of coast defense and fortifications which involved the outlay of something over ;i00.000,000. This plan received the approval of the Congress and since then regular apropriatlons have been made and the work of fortification has steadily progressed. More than 160.000.000 have been Invested In a great number of forts and guns, with all the complicated and scientific machinery and electrical appli ances .necessary for their use. The proper care of this defensive machinery requires men trained In its use. The number of men necessary to perform this duty alone I ascertained by the War Department, at a minimum allowance, to be IS, 120. There -are 5S or 'more military posts In the United States other than the coast defense fortifications. The number of these posts Is being constantly increased by Congress. More than $22,000,OX) have been expended In building and equipping them, and they can only be cared for by the Regular Army. The posts now In existence and others to be built provide accommodations for, and. if fully gar risoned, require 26.000 troops. Many of these posts are along our frontier or at important strategic points, the occupa tion of which is necessary- We have In Cub, between 5000 and GOOD troops. For the present our troops In that Island can sot bft withdrawn c jqaterlallR. dlmlnj Ished. certainly not until the conclusion of the labors of the constitutional conven tion now In session and a governmentpro vided by the National Constitution should have been established and Its stability assur-d. In Porto Rico we have re duced the garrisons to 1636. which Include S96 naJve troops. There Is no room for further reduction here. We will be re quired to keep a considerable force In the Philippine Islands for some time to come. From the best Information ob tainable we shall need there for the Im mediate future from 50,000 to 60,000 men. I am sure the number may be reduced as the Insurgents shall come to acknowledge tha authority of the United States, of which there are assuring Indications. It must be apparent that we will re quire an army of about 60,000, and that during present conditions in Cuba and the Philippines the President should have authority to Increase the force to the present number of 100.000. Included In this, authority should be given to raise native troops In the Philippines up to 15.000, which the Taft commission believes will be more effective in detecting and suppressing guerillas, assassins and la drones than our own soldiers. The full discussion of tnis suDject Dy the Secretary of War in his annual re port Is called to your earnest attention. t ii0w thp recommendation In my last 'annual message that Congress provide a special medal of honor for the volunteers, regulars, sailors and marines on duty In the PhltfPPines who voluntarily remained In the service after their terms of enlist ment had expired. I favor the recommendation of the Sec retary of War for the detail of officers from the line of the Army when vacancies occur In the Adjutant-General's depart ment, Inspector-General's department, Quartermaster-General's department, sub sistence department, pay department, ord nance department and signal corps. The Army cannot be too highly commended for its faithful and effective services In r active military operations In the field and tho difficult work of Its able administra tion. The Postal Service. The continued and rapid growth of the postal service is a sure Index of the great and Increasing business activity of the country. Its most striking new develop ment is the extension of rural free de liver. This has come almost wholly within the last year. At the beginning of the flecal year 1S99-1900. the number of routes In operation was only 391, and most of these had been running less than 12 months. On November 15, 1900, the number had Increased to 2614, reaching into -44 states and territories, and serv ing a population of LE01.K4. xne num ber of applications now pending and awaiting action nearly equals all those granted up to the present time, and by the close of the current fiscal year, about 4000 routes will have been established, providing for the dally delivery of malls at the scattered homes of about 3.500.000 of rural population. This service amelio rates the isolation of farm life, conduces to good roads and quickens and extends the dissemination of general Information. Experience thus far has tended to allay the apprehension that It would be so ex pensive as to forbid Its general adoption or make it a general burden. Its actual application has shown that It Increases postal receipts, and can be accompanied by reductions In other branches of the service, so that the augmented revenues and the accomplished savings together materially reduce the net cost. The evi dences which point to these conclusions are presented In detail In the annual re port of the Postmaster-General, which, with Its recommendations. Is recommend ed to the consideration of the Congress. The full development of this special serv ice however, requires such a large outlay r mnnov th.it it should be undertaken only after a careful study and thorough understanding of all that It Involves. The Xavy. "Very efficient service has been rendered by the Navy in connection with the insur rection In the Philippines, and the recent disturbance In China. A. very satisfactory settlement has been made of the long-pending question fl tho manufacture of armor-plates. A reason able price haa-'been secured, and the necessity for a Government armor-plate plant avoided. I approve of the recommendations of the Secretary of the Navy for new ves sels and for additional officers and men which the required Increase of the Navy makes necessary. I commend to the favorable action of the Congress the measure now pending for the erection of a statue to the memory of the late David D. Porter. I commend also the establishment of a National na val reserve and of the grade of Vice-Admiral. Provisions should be made, as recommended by the Secretary, for suit able rewards for special merit. Many officers who rendered the most distin guished service during the recent war with Spain have received in return no recognition from the' Congress. The Public Domain. The total area of public land, as given by the Secretary of the Interior, Is ap proximately l,0Ti,SS1.652 acres, of wnicft 917.935.SSO acres are undisposed of, and 154)745.782 acres have been reserved for various purposes. The public lands dis posed of during the year amount to 13, 453.SS7.96 acres, Including 62.423.09 acres of Tndian lands, an Increase of 4.271,474.80 over the preceding year. The total re ceipts from the sale of public lands dur ing the fiscal year were 54.379.75S.10, an In crease of 51.309,620.75 over the preceding yar. The results obtained from our forest policy have demonstrated lt- -v'sdom and the necessity, li the Interest ?f tl-e pub lic, for its continuance and lncreappd ap propriations by the Congress for the car rying on of the work. On June 30, 1900. there were 37 forest reserves created by Presidential proclamations under section 24 of the act of March 3, 1S9L embracing an area of 46.425.529 acres. During the past year, the Olympic re serve In the State of Washington was re duced 6O9.0S0 acres, leaving Its present area at 1,913,840 acres. The Prescott re serve. In Arizona, was Increased 10.240 acres to 423.690 acres, and the Big Horn reserve. In Wyoming, was Increased from 1.127 690 acres to L1S0.S00 acres. A new reserve, the Santa Tnez. In California, em bracing an area of 145.000 acres, was cre ated during this year. On October 10, 1900. the Crow Creek forest reserve. In Wyoming, was created with an area of 55,320 acres. Pensions and Patents. At the end of the fiscal year there were on the pension roll 993,225 names, a net Increase of 2010 over the fiscal year 1S99. The number added to the rolls during the year was 45,344. The amount disbursed for army pensions during this year was 5134.700.594 24. and for Navy pensions 53,761, 333 41; a total of 513S.4S2.130 65. leaving an unexpended balance of 55,542,768 25 to b covered Into the Treasury which shows an Increase over the previous year's ex penditure of 5107.077 70. There were 6S4 names added to the rolls during the year by special acts passed by the first ses sion of the Fifty-sixth Congress. The act of May, 1900, among other things, pro vides for an extension of income to wid ows pensions under said act to 5250 per annum. The Secretary of the Interior believes that by the" operation of this act. the number of persons pensioned under It will in crease, and the Increased annual payment for -pensions will be between 53,000.000 and 54.OOO.O0O. The Government Justly ap preciates the services of Its soldiers ana sailors by making pension payments lib eral beyond precedent to the men, their widows and orphans. There were 26,540 letters patent granted, including reissues and designs, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900; 1660 trade marks, 6S2 labels and 93 prints registered. The number of patents which expired was 19.9SS. The total receipts for patents were 51.3S,22S 33. The expenditures were 5t247, S27 5S. showing a surplus of 5110,400 77. The attention of the Congress Is called to the report of the Secretary of the In- friot-jtoychlpE.tha necestycthjfursigXQcJa. gurgo. ct receiving and ther establishment of schools In the. Ter- rilory of Alaska, and favorable action Is invitea thereon. The HaTrallan Islands. Much Interesting Information Is given in the report of the Governor of Hawaii as to the progress and development of the Islands during the period from July 7, 1S9S, the date of the apprpval of the Joint resolution of the Congress providing for their annexation up to April 30, 1900, the date of the approval of -the act providing a government for the territory and there after. The last Hawaiian census, taken in the year 1S9S, gives a total population of 109.020, of which 31,019 were native Ha wallans. The number of Americans re ported was 8485. The results of the Fed eral census taken this year show the Islands to have a total population of 154, 001, snowing an Increase over that report ed In 1S96 of 44.9S1. or 4L2 per cent. There has been marked progress In educational, agricultural and railroad development of the Islands. In the Territorial act of April 30. 1900. section 7 of said act repeals chapter 34 of the civil laws of Hawaii, whereby the Government was to assist In encouraging and developing the agricultural resources of the Republic especially Irrigation. The Governor of Hawaii recommends leg islation looking to the development ot such wafer supply as may exist on the public lands, with a view of promoting land settlement. The earnest considers tlon of the Congress ls Invited to this Important recommendation and others as embodied In tha report of the Secretary of the Interior. The Tvrelfth Censas. The Director of the Census states that the work in connection with the 12th cen sus is progressing favorably. This Na tional undertaking, ordered by the Con gress each decade, has finally resulted in the collection of an agregation of statis tical facts to determine the Industrial growth of the country, Its manufacturing and mechanical resources, Its richness In mines and forests, the numbers of Us agricultural districts, their farms and products. Its educational "and religious op portunities, as well as questions pertain ing to sociological conditions. The labors of the officials in charge of the bureau indicate that the law of March 3, 1S99. requiring the completion of the four Important and most desired subjects, namely, population, agriculture, manu facturing and vital statistics, will be com pleted within the prescribed limit. The field work Incident to the above Inquiries Is now practically finished and as a re sult, the population of the States and Ter ritories, Including the Hawaiian Islands and Alaska, has been announced. The growth of population during the last decade amounts to over 13.000,000. a greater numerical Increase than In any previous census In the history of the country. Bul letins will be Issued as rapidly as possi ble, giving the population by States and Territories and by minor civil divisions. Several announcements of this kind have already been adopted, and it Is hoped that the list will be completed by January 1. Other bulletins giving the results of the manufacturing and agricultural industries will be given to the public as rapidly as clrcumstarces will admit. The Director, while confident of his abil ity to complete the different branches of tho undertaking in the allotted time, finds himself embarrassed by the lack of a trained force properly equipped for statis tical work, thus raising the question whether, in the Interest of economy and a thorough execution of the census work, there should not be retained In the Gov ernment employ a certain number of ex perts, not only to aid In the preliminary organization prior to the taking of the decennial census, but. In addition, having the advantage in the field and office work of the bureau of trained assistants to fa cilitate the early completion of this enormous undertaking. I recommend that the Congress at Its present session apportion representation among the several states as provided by the constitution. Department of Agriculture. The Department, of Agriculture has been extending Its work during the past year, reaching farther for new varieties of .seeds and plants, also co-operating more fully with the states and territories in research along useful lines; making prog ress In meteorological work relating to lines of wireless telegraphy and forecasts for ocean-going vessels; continuing In quiry as to animal diseases; looking Into the extent and character of food adulter ation; outlining plans for the care, pres ervation and Intelligent harvesting of our wood lands; studying soils that producers may cultivate with better knowledge of conditions and hoping to clothe desert places with grasses suitable to our arid regions. Our island possessions are being considered that their peoples may be helped to produce the tropical products now so extensively brought Into the United States. Inquiry into methods of Improving our roads has been active dur ing the year: help has been given to many localtles, and scientific Investigation of material In the states and territories has been inaugurated. Irrigation problems In our semi-arid regions are receiving care ful and Increased consideration. An ex tensive exhibit at Paris of the products of agriculture has made the peoples of many countries more familiar with the varied products of our fields and their comparative excellence. The collection of statistics regarding our crops Is being Im proved nnd sources of Information arc be ing enlarged to the end that producers may have the earliest advices regarding crop conditions. There has never been a time when those for whom It was estab lished have shown more appreciation, of the services of the department. In my annual message of December 5, 1S9S, I called attention to. the necessity for some amendment of the alien contract law. There still remain important fea tures of the rightful application of the eight-hour law for the benefit of labor and of the principle of arbitration, and I again commend these subjects to the careful attention of the Congress. That there may be secured the be3t service possible in the Philippines, I is sued, under date of November 10, 1900, tho following order: "The United States Civil Service Com mission Is directed to render such serv ice as may be practicable to the civil service board, created under the act of the United States Philippine Commission for the establishment and maintenance of an honest and efficient civil service In the Philippine Islands, and for that pur pose to conduct examinations for the civil service of the Philippine Islands, upon the request of the civil serv ice board ot said islands, under such regulations as may be agreed upon by the said board and the said United States Civil Service Commis sion." The civil service commission Is greatly embarrassed In Its work for want of an adequate permanent force for clerical and other assistance. Its needs are fully set forth In its report. I Invite atten tion to the report and especially urge upon Congress that this bureau of the public service, which passes upon the qualifications and character of so large a number of officers and employes of the Government, should be supported by all needed appropriations to secure prompt ness and efficiency. Hall of Records Needed. I am very much Impressed with the statements made by the heads of all de partments of the urgent necessity of a hall of public records. In every depart mental building In Washington, so far as I am informed, tbe space for official records Is not only exhausted, but the walls of rooms are lined with shelves, the middle floor space of many rooms Is filled with file cases, the garrets and basements, which were never intended and are unfitted for their accommoda tion, are crowded with them. Aside from the Inconvenience, there Is great dan ger, not only .from fire, but from the weight of these records upon timbers not Intended to support them. There should bo a separate building especially de- preservlmr the annually accumulating archives of the several executive depart ments. Such a hall need not be a costly structure, but should be so arranged as to admit of enlargement from time to time. I urgently recommend that the Congress take early action in this mat ter. I transmit to the Congress a resolution adopted at a recent meeting of the Amer ican Bar Association concerning the pro posed celebration of John Marshall day February 4. 190L Fitting exercises have been arranged and It Is earnestly de sired by the committee that the Con gress may participate In this movement to the honor of the merits ot the. great Jurist. Washington Centennial. The transfer of the Government to this city Is a fact of great historical Inter est. Among the people there Is a feeling of genuine pride In the capital ot the Re public. It Is a matter of Interest In this connection that In 1800 the population of the District of Columbia, was 14,093; today It Is 278.71S. The population of the City of Washington was then 3210: today It Is 218.196. The Congress having pro vided for "an appropriate National cele bration of the centennial anniversary of the seat of government In the District of Columbia," the committees author ized by It have prepared a programme for the 12th of December. 1900. which date has been selected as the anniversary day. Deep Interest has been shown In the arrangements for the celebration by the members of the Senate and House, the committee of Governors appointed by the President and the committee appointed by the inhabitants of the District of Co lumbia generally. The programme, in addition to a reception and other exer cises at the Executive Mansion, pro vides commemorative exercises to be held Jointly by the Senate and House of Representatives In the hall of the House of Representatives, and a reception In the evening at the Corcoran Gallery of Art In honor of tho Governors of the states and territories. Precaution Asatnst Extravagance. In our great prosperity we must guard against the dangers It Invites In extrav agance In government expenditures and appropriations, and the chosen represen tatives of the people will. I doubt not. fur nish an example In their legislation ot that wise economy which, In a Beason of plenty, husbands for the future. In this era of great business activity and oppor tunity caution Is not untimely. It will not abate but strengthen our confidence. It will not retard but promote legitimate industrial and commercial expansion. Our growing power brings with It temp tations and perils requiring constant vig ilance to avoid. It must not be used to in vite conflicts, nor for oppression, but for the more effective maintenance of those principles of equality and Justice upon which our institutions and happiness de pend. Let us keep always In mind that the foundation of our Government Is lib erty; Its superstructure peace. WILLIAM McrONLET. Executive Mansion. December 3, 1900. THE TURKISH SETTLEMENT Will Permit Battle-Ship Kentucky to Proceed to Manila. WASHINGTON,' Dec. 3. The officials ot the State Department decline to make any statement for publication relative to the announcement from Constantinople that tho Turkish Government bad arranged to pay the Amerlrm mission claims under cover of a contract with the Cramps for a warship. Nevertheless, there Is reason to believe tho report Is well founded and the claims are In a fair way to be paid. It Is the expectation that the Cramps. In stead of undertaking to deal directly with the claimants, will turn over to the State Department -the amount of the claims, in the neighborhood of 23,000, and that the department will disburse the money to the claimants. While In this way there wIU bo -no direct dealings between the United States and the Turkish Government, the endjln. view, namely, the collection of the money, will be effected, and there is no disposition to be captious as to tho form taken In the payment. Tho settlement of thl3 matter will per mit the battle-ship Kentucky to proceed on her way to "Manila or return over her route far enough to pick up the American Consul at Tanglers, and assist him mor ally in the collection of the indemnity de manded In the Eszegul case. The State Department prefers the use of an Impos ing craft like the Kentucky, rather than a cruiser, but if the former cannot com plete her original mission In season, then recourse can be naa to tne jjuuo iur uso In" the Moorish case. No Orders to the Kentnclcy. WASHINGTON. Dec. 3. It was said at the Navy Department today that the visit of Captain Chester and his staff, ot tho battle-ship Kentucky, to Constanti nople was not by express direction of the department. Captain Chester was acting under his own discretion. My Lady's BreSckfcst is Well Served rhe "Royal Baker, and, Pastry Cook" con taining over 800 most practical and valuable cooking receipts free to every patron. Send postal card with your full address. J, .JtOYAl THREE CASES DECIDED THE LOWER. COURTS WERE RE VERSED IS TWO OF-THEM. WarehoHse Case From Linn County Taras on Proof of Absence Ex ecution and Attachment. SALEM, Dec. 3. The Supremo Court to day decided three appealed cases, In two ot which It reversed the lower court, and In one made an affirmance. The cases were as follows: A. Wheeler, assignee of the Blaker Graham Company, appellant, vs. J. A. McFeron, respondent, from Linn County, George H. Burnett, Judge, reversed; opinion by Bean, C J. This was an action to recover 5700 dam ages fox the conversion of a building in tbe town of Shedds, Linn County, known sj the Blaker-Graham Company's ware house. The defense was that the prop erty belonged to A. Blaker and had been attached by the defendant as Sheriff .of Linn County, in a case brought by A. C Olin against Blaker. Upon the trial, the plaintiff offered In evidence the testimony given on a former trial of this cause, but it was refused by the court upon the ground that there was not sufficient proof of Blaker"s absence from the state. A verdict was rendered In favor of the de fendant, notwithstanding which the plain tiff moved for Judgment In his favor, for the reason that the facts stated In the answer did not constitute a defense. This motion was overruled. Judgment entered and plaintiff appealed. Preliminary to the offering of the evi dence in question, testimony was given, showing In substance that Blaker former ly resided In Portland, that six or seven months prior to the trial he sold his home and property In Oregon, and went with his family to Alaska to remain, as he said, for two years; that in July, 1893, plaintiff addressed a letter to him at Dawson City, and In due time received an answer dated at that place; that he had not returned to Oregon, and was not in the state at the time of the trial, to the knowledge of his brother-in-law, or his former business associate, E. R. McFarland. and, as they believed, he was Btlll In Dawson City. The Supreme Court holds that this was a sufficient showing to make his testimony given on the for mer trial competent. The opinion says: "His nonresidence in the state Is quite clearly established, and it will be pre sumed to continue until the contrary is made to appear, within the familiar rule that when a fact In its nature continuous is once proven to exist, it will be pre sumed to continue, in tha absence ot proof t othe contrary." The motion for Judgment, notwith standing verdict, was upon the ground that the pleadings of defendant were not well framed. The Supreme Court holds that the answer Is sufficient after verdict, and says that "any defect in tho plead ings can. no doubt, be cured by amend ment before another trial." W. B. Barr, respondent, vs. J. A. War ner, appellant, from Linn County, George H. Burnett, Judge, reversed; opinion by Moore, J. This wo3 an action to recover 5125, al leged to be the reasonable value of a solar compass loaned to the defendant, who broke It and failed to return It. In his answer, the defendant set up that subseqrent to the commencement of the action, plaintiff and def andant had agreed that 593 should be the amount due, and that the action should be dismissed upon, the payment of this amount: that the amount agreed upon had been gar nished In defendant's hand3 to satisfy an execution against the plaintiffs property. At the trial the defendant offered In evi dence the execution and return thereon, but they were rejected by the court, and the Jury was Instructed to find for the plaintiff In the sum of 593, which it did, and defendant appealed. It appears that the Sheriff, in serving; the garnishment, used a form of notice of garnishment intended to be used with a writ of attachment, when he really had a writ of execution. The notice said: "You will please take notice that all moneys . . . etc., are attached by vir tue of the writ of attachment Issued out of the court above named, In the fore going action, a certified copy of which Is herewith served on you," etc The copy was of the writ of execution which had been erroneously called a writ of attachment. The opinion of the Su preme Court says: "The notice was un doubtedly sufficient, if given under or by virtue of a writ of attachment, and as the statute requires the Sheriff to levy upon property under an execution in tho same manner as similar property Is at tached, a literal compliance with the pro visions of the statute ought not to defeat the lien on personal liability thereby cre ated." It was also Insisted by plalnMfTs coun- Stale bread for breakfast is barbarous; hot, yeast-risen rolls are dyspeptic. ROYAL BAKING POWDER. adds anti-dyspeptic qualities to the food and makes delicious hot-bread, hot biscuit, rolls, muffins or griddle cakes, whose fragrance and beauty tempt the laggard morning appetite, and whose wholesome and nutritive qualities afford the highest sustenance for both brain and body. - There are cheap alum, but they health. Their qualities add a - BAKINQ PQWDEft CO., 1W WIUIAM STREET, HStf sel that the notice did not specify ths property attached, as required by tha statute. The Supreme Court says: "The notice warned the defendant that all debts due or owing from him. to O'Connor & Barr, or either of them, were attached, and we think this Is sufficient." It is also held that plaintiffs contention that the debt was a contingent liability only, is without merit. A new trial is ordered. Lewis & Mills, appellants, vs. H. P. McNary et al., respondents, from Marlon County, George H. Burnett, Judge, af firmed; opinion by Bean, C. J. This was an action brought on a re delivery bond to recover the difference In the market value of some hops at tha time of their delivery to defendant under the bond and their return to plaintiffs at the termination of the litigation. Tha conditions in the bond were (1) that Mc Nary shall redeliver the property to the plaintiffs If a redelivery thereof be ad- 1 Judged, and (2) that he shall pay to them such sum of money as may for any cause be recovered against him. After the trial of the cause redelivery was ad Judged, but no Judgment was renderea against McNary for damages. While be ing held under the redelivery bond, the hops were much depreciated In value, and It Is for this depreciation that forms tho chief claim In the present suit. In the lower court a demurrer to tha complaint was sustained on the ground that the complaint did not state a cause of action. The Supreme Court sustains this ruling, saying: "The property was promptly delivered to the plaintiffs as soon as it was de creed that they were entitled thereto, hence the first condition of the bond was complied with. No sum whatever has been recovered against McNary on ac count of the redelivery of the property, and so there has been no breach of tha latter clause In the bond. ... Tho de murrer to the complaint was properly sus tained, because It appears affirmatively that there has been no breach ot tha bond." Blackburn's Opinion as to Fees. Attorney-General D. R, N. Blackburn today rendered an opinion, in which ho holds that Union County is liable to pay the State of Oregon a trial fee of 55 in two criminal cases appealed from that county and affirmed In tha Suprema Court. Wong Gee was convicted of murder la the second degree and Harry Tucker was convicted of burglary. Each appealed to the Supreme Court and neither paid tha trial fee in that tribunal. In each case there was a Judgment against the appel lant In the appellate court, and In favor of the state for the costs and disburse ments on appeal, which included In each case the trial fee of 56. It has been, tho custom for the counties to pay these trial fees when the bills were presented there for by the Clerk of the Supreme Court, and then collect such fees from, the ap pellants If they could he collected. Union County Is the first to question the right of the state In this respect. The matter was submitted to tha Attorney-General by Clerk Murphy, of the Su-.--preme Court, because Union County "bsot demanded to know where the state got Its authority for rendering Judgment against the county for the payment of costs in criminal cases affirmed in the Suprema Court. Judge Blackburn's opinion quotes many sections of the code, and then says: "So far as I have been able to ascer tain, as the result of a careful examina tion of the criminal code, no reference Is made anywhere therein to a trial fee In a criminal action, nor Is title 8 of chaptec 14 of the code of civil procedure made a part of the criminal procedure. If either the county or the defendant can be mada liable for a trial fee In a criminal action. It must be because the words, partles to ("r a Judicial proceeding vere Intended by the Legislature to apply to parties to criminal actions as weU as to parties tor civil proceedings In the courts." After discussing other questions, Judga Blackburn continues: "By virtue of sec tion 1206 of Hill's code, in a criminal ac tion the State of Oregon Is the plaintiff and the person prosecuted is the defend ant; therefore, each one Is a party to a j Judicial proceeding, but the county iron i which the appeal Is taken, and not th -state, is made liable for 'fees earned la the Supreme Court' in the first instance, 'upon the order of the court,' but It col lected of the defendant, after having been paid by the county, they are then to ba paid by the Clerk to the County Treas ured, so that the county is reimbursed." After going extensively Into tha ques tion of the state's right to tax the cost against the county, the Attorney-General has this to say of the two Judgments uijr der. consideration: 'Aslgmf as these Judgments stand, tha County?of Union is liable to the state foe the 56 trial fee In each of them, whethesr the Judgment be right or wrong." In this connection he also says that th judgments "are entitled to full faith and credit until they are reversed, overruled or set aside In a legal manner." Biliousness, dizziness, nausea, headache, are- relieved bv small doses of Carter'a I Little Liver Pills. when fhv. hot-bre&d, hot roll or muffin i R.oya.1 Backing ' Powder risen. baking powders, made from are exceedingly harmful to astringent ana cauierizuig dangerous element to food. Y0R1V. i