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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 4, 1900)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, DECESTBEK 4, 1900. HISTORY OF A YEAR President McKinley's Mes sage to Congress, REVIEW OF CHINESE QUESTION Recommendations for Civil Govern ment In Philippines The West Indies Operations of the Departments. WASHINGTON, Dec. 3. President ilc Klnleys message went to .Congress, to day. It follows: To the Senate and House of Representa tives: "With the outgoing of the old and the Incoming of the new century you begin the Jast session of the 56th Congress, with evidences on every hand of Individual and National prosperity and with proof of the growing strength -and Increasing power for good of Republican Institutions. Your countrymen will Join with you In fe licitation that American liberty la more firmly established than ever before, and that love for it and the determination to preserve It are more universal than at any former period of our history. The Republic was never so strong, be cause never so strongly entrenched In the hearts of the people as now. The Constitution, with few amendments, exists as It left the hands of Its authors. The additions which have been made to it proclaim larger freedom and more ex tended citizenship. Popular government has -demonstrated In its 124 years of trial here Its stability and security and 'is efficiency as the best instrument of Na tional development and the best safe guard to human rights. When the sixth Congress assembled, in November, 1S00, the population of the United States was 5.30S.1S3; It is now 76.3W.799. Then we had 16 states; now we have 45. Then our territory consisted of 909,050 square miles; It Is now 3,816,595 square miles Education, religion and morality have kept pace with our ad vancement In other directions, and, while extending Its power, the Government has adhered to Its foundation principles and abated none of them In dealing with our new peoples and possessions. A Nation bo preserved and blest gives reverent thanks to Goo and Invokes his guidance and the continuance of his care and favor. CHINESE-PROBLEM. Cannes That Led Up to the Recent Troubles. In our foreign Intercourse the domi nant question has been the treatment of the Chinese problem. Apart from this our relations with the powers have been happy. The recent troubles In China spring from the anti-foreign agitation which for the past three years has gained strength In the northern provinces. Their origin lies deep In the character of the Chi nese races and In the traditions of their government. The Tal Ping rebellion and the opening of Chinese ports to foreign trade and settlement disturbed alike the homogeneity i nd the seclusion of China. Meanwhile foreign actlxity made Itself felt in all quarters, not alone on the coast, but along the great rivers, arteries and In the remoter districts, carrying new ideas and introducing new associations among n primitive people' which had pur sued for centuries a national policy of Isolation. The telegraph and the railway spread ing over their land, the steamers plying on their waterways, the merchant and the missionary penetrating year by year farther to the Interior, became to the Chinese mind types of an alien invasion, changing the course of their national life and fraught with vague forebodings of disaster to their beliefs and their self control. For several years before the present troubles all the resources of foreign dl plamacy, backed by moral demonstra tions of the physical force of fleets and arms, have I een needed to hecure du? respect for the treaty rights of foreign ers, and to obtain satisfaction from th responsible authorities for the sporadic outrages upon the persons and property of unoffending sojourners, which from time to tims occurred at widely sep arated points In the northern provinces, as In the case of the outbreaks In Sze Chuen and Shan Tung. Posting of anti-foreign placards be came a dally occurrence, which the re peated probation of the Imperial power faled to check or punish. These Inflam matory appeals to the Ignorance and superstition of the masses, mendacious and absurd In their accusations, and dctply hostile In their spirit, could not but work culmlnatlve harm They aimed at no particular class of foreigners, they were Impartial In attacking everything foreign. An outbreak in Shan Tung. !n wh ch German missionaries were slain, was the too natural result of the malevo lent teachings The posting of seditious placards, exhorting to the utter destruc tion of foreigners and of every foreign thing continued unrebuked. Hostile demonstrations toward the stranger gained strength by organization. The Iloxer Afritntlon. The sect commonly styled the Boxers developed greatly in the provinces north of the Yangtze, and with collusion of many notable officials. Including some In the Immediate councils of the throne Itself, became alarmingly aggressive. No foreign er's life, outside cf the protected treaty ports, was safe. No foreign interest was secure from spoliation. The diplomatic representatives of the powers In Pekln strove In vain to check this movement. Protest was followed by demand, and demand by renewed protes. to be met with perfunctory edicts from the palace and evasive and futile assur ances from the Tsunc 11 Yamun. The circle of the Boxer influence narrowed about Pekln. and, while nominally stig matized as seditious. It was felt that Its spirit pervaded the capital Itself, that the imperial forces were imbued with Us doctrines, and that the immediate coun selors of the Empress Dowager were In ful. sympathy with the antl-forelgn movement. The Increasing gravity of the condi tions In China, and the imminence of peril to our own diversified Interests In the empire, as well as to those of ail the other treaty governments, were soon appreciated by this Government, causing profound solicitude. The United States, from the earliest days of foreign Inter course with China, has followed a policy of ieace. omitting no occasions to tes tlfy good-will, to further the extcns'on of lawful trade, to respect the sovereign ty of Its government, and to Insure, by all legitimate and kindly, but earn est, means, the fullest measure of pro tection for the lives and property of our law-abiding citizens, and for the exer cise of their "beneficent callings among the Chinese people. Mindful of this, it was felt to be ap propriate that our purposes should be pronounced in favor of such a cours as would hasten united action of the powers at Pekln to promote the admin istrative reforms bo greatly needed for strengthening the Imperial government and maintaining the Integrity of China. In which we believed the whole "West ern world to be alike concerned. To these ends I caused to be addressed to the several powers occupying territory and maintaining spheres of Influence In China the circular proposals of 1B99, in viting from them declarations of their Intention and views as to desirability of the adoption of measures Insuring the benefits of equality of treatment of all foreigners throughout China. "With gratifying unanimity, the re sponses coincided in this common policy, enabling me to see in the successful ter mination of these negotiations proof of the friendly spirit which animates the various powers Interested In the untram meled development of commerce and In dustry in the Chinese Empire as a source xst vast benefit to the whole commercial world. Powers Acted In Concert. In this conclusion, ' which I had the gratification to announce as a completed engagement to the Interested powers March 20, 1900, I hopefully discern a po tential factor for the abatement of the distrust of foreign purposes, which for a year past had appeared to Inspire the policy of the imperial government, and for the effective exertion by It of power and authority to quell the critical and foreign movement In the northern prov inces most Immediately Influenced by the Manchu sentiment. Seeking to testify confidence In the will ingness and ability of the Imperial ad ministration to redress the wrongs and prevent the evils we suffered and feared, the marine guard, which had been sent to Pekln In the Autumn of 1SS9 for the protection of the Legation, was with drawn at the earliest practicable moment, and'all pending questions were remitted, as far as we were concerned, to the or dinary resorts of diplomatic Intercourse. The Chinese Government proved, how ever, unable to check the rising strength of the Boxers and appeared to be a prey to internal dissensions. In thp unequal contest, the antl-forelgn Influences soon gained the ascendancy, under the leader ship of Prince Tuan. Organized armies of Boxers, with which the Imperial forces affiliated, held the country between Pekln and the coast, penetrated Into Manchuria up to the Russian border and through their emissaries threatened a like rise throughout Northern China. Attacks upon foreigners, destruction of property and -laughter of native converts were re ported from all sides. The Tsung 11 Yamun, already permeated with hostile sympathies, could make no effective re sponse to the appeals of the Legations. At this critical juncture, In the early Spring of the year, a proposal was made by the other powers that a combined fleet be assembled In Chinese waters as a moral demonstration, under cover of which to exact of the Chinese Govern ment respect for foreign treaty rights and the suppression of the Boxers. The United States, while not participating in the joint demonstration, promptly sent from the Philippines all ships that could be spared for service on the Chinese coast. A small force of marines was landed at Taku and sent to Pekln for the protection of the American Legation. Other powers took similar action until some 400 men were assembled In the capi tal as legation guards. Still the peril Increased. The Legations reported the development of the seditious movement In Pekln and the need of In creased provision for defense against It. TaUlns of Tnlcu Forts. "While preparations were In progress for a larger expedition to strengthen the legation guards and keep the rallway open. an attempt of the foreign ships to make a landing at Taku was met by fire from the Chinese forts. The forts were thereupon sh lied by the foreign ves sels, the American Admiral taking no part In the attack, on the ground that we were not at war with China, and that a hostile demonstration might consolidate the antl-forelgn elements and strengthen the Boxers to oppose the relieving col umn. Two days later, the Taku forts were captured after a sanguinary con flict Severance of communication with Pokln followed, and a combined force of additional guards, which was advancing to Pekln by the Pel Ho. was checked at Lang Fang. The isolation of the Lega tions was complete. The siege and the relief of the Legations Jias passed Into undying history. In all the stirring chapters which record the heroism of the devoted band, clinging to hope In tho face of despair, and the un daunted spirit that led their relievers through battle and suffering to the goal. It is a memory of which my countrymen may. be justly proud, that the honor of our flag was maintained alike In the siege and the rescue and that stout American hearts have again set high. In fervent emulation with true men of other race and language, the Indomitable courage that ever strives for the cause of right and Justice. By June 9, the Legations were cut off. An Identical note from the Yamun or dered each Minister to leave Pekln, under a promised escort, within 24 hours. To gain time, they replied asking prolonga tion of the time, which was afterward granted, and requesting an Interview with the Tsung 11 Yamun on the following day. No reply being received, on the morning of the 20th the German Minister, Baron von Ketteler. set out for the Ya mun to obtain a response, and on the way was murdered. An attempt by tho legation guard to recover his body was foiled by the Chinese. Pekln Legations Attnckcd. Armed forces turned out against the Legations. Their quarters were surround ed and attacked. The mission compounds' were abandoned, their Inmates taking refuge in the British legation, where all the other Legations and guards gathered for- more effective defense. Four hundred persons were crowded In Its narrow com pass. Two thousand native converts were assembled In a near-by place under pro tection of the foreigners. Lines of defense were strengthened, trenches dug, barri cades raised and preparations made to stand a siege, which at once began. "From June 20 until July 17," writes Minister Conger, "there was scarcely an hour during which there was not firing upon some part of our lines and into some of the legations, varying from a single shot to a general and continuous attack along the whole lln." Artillery was placed around the lega tions and on the overlooking palace wal.s. and thousands of three-Inch shot and shell were fired, destroying some buildings and damaging all. So thickly did the balls rain that when the ammunition of the besieged ran low, five quarts of Chinese bullets were gathered In an hour In the compound and recast. Attempts were made to burn the lega tions by setting neighboring houses on fire, but the flames were successfully fought off, although the Austrian. Bel gian, Italian and Dutch legations were then and subsequently burned. "With the aid of the native converts, directed by the missionaries, to whose helpful co-operation Minister Conger afterward gave unstinted praise, the British legation was made a veritable fortress. The British Minister, Sir Claude MacDonald, was chosen general commander of the de fenses, with the Secretary of the Ameri can Legation, E. G. Squires, as chief of staff. To save life and ammunition, tne be sieged sparingly returned the. Incessant fire of the Chinese soldiery, fighting only to repel attack or make an occasional successful sortie for strategic advantage such as that of 55 American. British and Russian marines, ltd by Captain Myers of the United States Marine Corps, which resulted In the capture of a formidable barricade on the wall that gravely men aced the American position. It was held to the last and proved an invaluable ac quisition, because commanding the water gate through which the relief column en tered. During the siege, the defenders lost 65 killed. 155 wounded and seven by disease the last all children. On July 14 the besieged had their first communication with the Tsung II Yamun, from whom a message came Inviting them to a conference, which was de clined. Correspondence, however, ensued, and a sort of armistice was agreed upon, which stopped the bombardment and les sened the rifle fire for a time. Even then na protection whatever was afforded nor aid given, save to send to the Legations a small supply of fruit and three sacks of flour. Indeed, the only communica tion had with the Chinese Government related to the occasional delivers' or dis patch of a telegram or to the demands of the Tsung U Yamun for the withdrawal of the Legations to the coast under escort. Not only are the. protestations of the Chinese Government that It protected and succored the Legations positively contra dicted, but irresistible proof accumulates that the attacks upon them were made by Imperial troops, rsgularly uniformed, armed and officered, belonging to the command of Jung Lu, the imperial Commander-in-Chief. Decrees encouraging the Boxers, organ izing them under prominent Imperial offi cers, provisioning them and even grant ing them large sums In the name of the Empress Dowager, are known to exist. Members of the Tsung 11 Yamun who counselled protection of the foreigners were beheaded. Even .in the distant prov inces, men suspected of foreign sympathy were put to death, prominent among them being Chang Yen Hoon, formerly Chinese Minister in Washington. "With the negotiation of the partial armistice of July 14, a proceeding which was doubtless promoted by the represen tations of the Chinese envoy in Wash ington, the way was opened for the con-, veyancc to Mr. Conger of a test message sent by the Secretary of State through the kind offices of Minister Wu Ting Fang. Mr. Conger's reply, dlspatdhed from Pekln on July IS through the same chan nel, afforded to the outside world the first tidings that the Inmates of the le gations were alive and hoping for succor. This news stimulated the preparations for a joint relief expedition, in numbers sud den: to overcome the resistance which for a month had been organizing between Taku and the capital. Reinforcements sent by all the co-operating governments were constantly arriving. The United States contingent, hastily assembled from the Philippines or dispatched from this countrv. amounted to some 5000 men. un der the able command of the lamented Colonel LIscum and afterwards of Gen eral Chaffee. Rescue of LeKntloners. Toward the end of. July the movement began. A severe conflict followed at Tien Tsln, In which Colonel LIscum was killed. The city was stormed and partly de stroyed. Its capture afforded the base of operations from which to make the final advance, which began in the first days of August, the expedition being made up of Japanese, Russian, British and American troops at the outset. An other battle was fought and won at Yong T?un. Thereafter, the disheartened Chinese troops offered little show of re sistance A few days later, the Impor tant position of To SI "Wo was taken. A rapid march brought the united forces to the populous City of Tung Chow, which capitulated without a contest. On August 14, the capital was reached. After a brief conflict beneath the walls, the relief column entered and the Lega tions were saved. The United States soldiers, sailors and marines, officers and men alike. In those distant climes and unusual surroundings, showed the same valor, discipline and good conduct and gave proof of the same high degree of in telligence and efficiency which have dis tinguished them In every emergency. The Imperial family and the govern ment had fled a few dayd before. The city was without visible control. The remaining Imperial soldiery had made, on the night of the 13th, a last attempt to exterminate the besieged, which was gallantly repelled. It fell to the occupy ing forces to restore order and organize a provisional administration. Happily, the acute disturbances were confined to the northern provinces. It Is a relief to recall and a pleasure to record the loyal conduct of the Viceroys and local authorities of the southern and eastern provinces. Their efforts were con tinuously directed to the pacific control of the vast population under their rule and to the scrupulous observance of for eign treaty rights. At critical moments they did not hesitate to memorialize the throne, urging the protection of the Lega tions, the restoration of communication and the assertion of the Imperial au thority against the subversive elements. They maintained excellent relations with the official representatives of foreign powers. To their kindly disposition Is largely due the success of the Consuls In removing many of the missionaries from the Interior to places of safety. In this relation, the action of the Con suls should be highly commended. In Shan Tung and Eastern Chi Li, the task was difficult, but, thanks to their energy and the co-operation of the American and foreign naval commanders, hundreds of foreigners, including those of other nationalities than ours, were rescued from imminent peril. The policy of the United States through all this trying period was clearly an nounced and scrupulously carried out. A circular note to the powers, dated July 3, proclaimed or attitude, treating the condition in the north as one of virtual anarchy, in which the groat provinces of the south and southeast had no share. We regarded the local authorities In the latter quarters as rep resenting the Chinese people with whom we sought to remain In peace and friend ship. Our declared alms Involved no war against the Chinese Nation. "We adhered to the legitimate office of (rescuing the Imperiled Legation, obtaining redress for wrongs already suffered, securing, wher ever possible, the safety of American life and property In China and prevent ing a bpread of the disorders of their recurrence. As was then said, "the policy of the Government of the United States Is to seek a solution which may bring about permanent safety and peace to China, preserve Chinese territorial ad ministrative entity, protect all rights guaranteed to friendly powers by treaty and International law, and safeguard for the world the principle of equal and Im partial trade with all parts of the Chi nese Empire." Faithful to those professions, which, as it proved, reflected the views and pur poses of the other co-operating govern ments, all our efforts have been directed toward ending the anomalous situation In China by negotiations for a settlement at the earliest possible moment. As soon as the sacred duty of relieving our Le gation and Its dependents was accom-' pushed, we withdrew from active hos tilities, leaving our Legation' under an adequate guard In Pekln as a channel of negotiations and settlement a course adopted by others of the Interested pow ers. Overtures of the empowered rep resentatives of the Chinese Emperor have been considerately entertained. The Rnsxlnn Proposition. The Russian proposition looking to the restoration of the Imperial power in Pe kln has been accepted as in full con sonance with our own desires, for we have held and hold that effective repara tion for wrongs suffered and an endur ing settlement that will make their re currence Impossible can best be brought about under an authority which the Chi nese Nation reverences and obeys. "While so doing we forego no jot of our un doubted right to exact exemplary and de terrent punishment of the responsible authors and abettors of the criminal acta whereby we and other nations have suf fered grievous Injury. For the real culprits, the "evil coun sellors who have misled the Imperial judgment and diverted the sovereign au thority to their own guilty ends, full ex piation becomes imperative within the rational limits of retributive justice. Re garding this as the Initial condition of an acceptable settlement between China and the powers, I said In my message of October IS to the Chinese Emperor: "I trust that negotiations may begin so soon as we and the other offended gov ernments shall be effectively satisfied of Your Majesty's ability and power to treat with Juat sternness the principal defenders who are doubly culpable, not alone toward the foreigners but toward Your Majesty, under whose rule the pur pose of China to dwell In concord with the world has hitherto found expression In the welcome and protection assured to strangers." Taking as a point of departure the imperial edict appointing Earl LI Hung Chang Lnd Prince Chlng plenipotentiaries to arrange a set tlement, and the edict of September 25, whereby certain high officials were des Ignated for punishment, this Government has moved in concert with the other powers toward the opening of negotia tions which Mr. Conger, assisted by Mr. Rockhill. has been authorized to conduct on behalf of the United States. General bases of negotiations, formu lated by the Government of the French Republic have been accepted with cer tain reservations as to details, made necessary by our own circumstances and by like similar reservations by other powers open to discussion In the prog ress of the negotiations. The disposition of the Emperor's Government to admit liability for wrongs done to foreign gov ernments and their citizens and to act upon such additional designation of the guilty persons as the foreign Ministers at Pekln may be In a position to make gives hope of a complete settlement of all questions Involved, assuring foreign rights of residence and Intercourse op terms of equality for all the world- I regard as one of the essential factors of a durable adjustment the eecurement of adequate guarantees for liberty of faith, since Insecurity of those natives who may embrace alien creeds is scarce ly a less effectual assault upon the rights of foreign worship and teaching, than would be the direct Invasion thereof. Matter of Indemnity. The matter of Indemnity for our wronged citizens Is a question of grave concern Measured In money alone, a sufficient reparation may prove to be be yond the ability of China to meet. All the powers concur In emphatic disclaim ers of any purpose of aggrandizement through the dismemberment of the em pire. 1 am disposed to think that due compensation may be made In part by increased guarantees of security for for eign rights and Immunities, and most important of all, by the opening of Qhlna to the equal commerce of all the world. These views have been and will be earn estly advocated by our representatives. The Government of Russia has put for ward a suggestion th3t In the event of a protracted divergence of views In regard to Indemnities, the matter may be rele gated to the court of arbitration at The Hague. I favorably incline to this, be lieving that high tribunal could not fall to reach a solution, no leas conducive to the stability and enlarged prosperity of China itself than immediately beneficial to the powers. OTHER FOREIGN QUESTIONS Oar Relations "With Europe and the Countries to the South of Vs. Ratifications of a treaty of extradition with the Argentine Republic were ex changed on June 2 last. "While the Austro-Hungary Government has. In the many cases that have been reported of the arrest of our naturalized citizens for alleged evasion of military service, faithfully observed the provis ions of the treaty and released such per sons from military obligations, it has in some Instances, expelled those whose presence In the community of their origin was asserted to have a pernicious Influ ence. Representations have been made against this course whenever Its adoption has appeared unduly onerous. "We have been urgently solicited by Bel glum to ratify the International conven tion of June, 1S99, amendatory of the previous convention of 1S90, In respect to the regulation of the liquor trade In Af rica. Compliance was necessarily with held in the absence of the advice and consent of the Senate thereto. The prin ciple Involved has the cordial sympathy of this Goevrnment, which, in the re vlslonary negotiations, advocated more drastic measures, and I would gladly see Its extension by International agree ment to the restriction of the liquor traf fic with all uncivilized peoples, especially In the western Pacific The Brussels Conference. A conference will be held at Brussels, December 11, 1900, under the convention for the protection of Industrial property concluded at Paris, March 20. 1SS3. to which delegates from this country have been appointed. Any lessening of the dif ficulties 'that our Inventors encounter In obtaining patents abroad for their Inven tions, and that our farmers, manufac turers and merchants may have In the protection of their trade marks. Is worthy of careful consideration, and your atten tion will be called to the results of the conference at the proper time. In the Interest of expanding trade be tween this country and South America, efforts have been made during the past year to conclude conventions with the southern republics for the enlargement of postal facilities. Two such agreements were signed at Bolivia April 24. of which that establishing the money-order sys tem Is undergoing certain changes sug gested by the Postofnce Department. A treaty of extradition with that country, signed on the same day. Is before the Senate. A boundary dispute between Brazil and Bolivia over the territory of Acre, is In a fair way of friendly adjustment, a protocol signed in December, 1S93, hav ing agreed on a definite frontier and pro vided for Its demarcation by a Joint com mission. Conditions in Brazil have weighed heav ily on our export trade to that coun try. In marked contrast to the favorable conditions upon which Brazilian products are admitted Into our markets. Urgent representations have been made to that government on the subject, and some amelioration has been effected. "We rely upon the reciprocal Justice and good will of that government to assure to us a further improvement In our commercial relations. The convention signed May 24, 1S97, for the final settlement of claims, left In abeyance upon the dissolution or the com mission of 1S93. was at length ratified by the Chilean Congress and the supple mental commission has been organized. It remains for the Congress to appropri ate the necessary expenses of the com mission. Revolution In Colombia. The Insurrectionary movement which disturbed Colombia In the latter part 'of 1S99, has been practically suppessed. aX though guerrillas still operate in some de partments. The executive power of that republic changed hands In August last by the act of Vice-President Marroquln In assuming the reins of government dur ing the absence of President San Clem ents from the capital. The change met with no serious opposition, and, follow ing the precedents In such cases, the United States Minister entered into re lations with the new de facto govern ment on September 17. It Is gratifying to announce that the residual questions between Costa -Rica and Nicaragua, growing out of the award of President Cleveland In 1SSS. have been adjusted through the choice of an Amer ican engineer. General E. P. Alexander, as umpire, to run the disputed line. His task has been accomplished to the satis faction of both contestants. A revolution In the Dominican Repub lic toward the close of last year resulted in the installation of President JImlnez, whose government was formally recog nized In January. Since then, final pay--ment has been made of the American claim to the Ozama bridge. The Tarls Exposition. The year of the exposition has been fruitful In occasions for displaying the good will that exists between this country and France. Tne great competition brought together from every nation the best in natural productions. Industry, science and the arts, submitted In gener ous rivalry to a judgment made all the more searching because of that rivalry. The extraordinary Increase of expo na tions from this country during the past three years and the activity with which our inventions and wares had Invaded new markets caused much Interest to center upon the American exhibit, and every encouragement was offered in the way of space and facilities to permit of its being comprehensive as a whole and complete in every part. It -was, however, not an easy task to assemble exhibits that could confidently Ulusttate our diversified resources and manufactures. Singularly enough, our national prosperity lessened the Incentive to exhibit. The dealers in raw materials knew that the user must come to him; A LES SON NOT THE $5.00 RATE GENEROUSLY GIVEN FOR ALL DISEASES But the Skill and Faith and Fame of the Practice Account for the Throngs of People and the General Interest--Doctor Copeland Gives the $5 Rate for AH Dis- . .! eases, Medicines Included. It would be a very simple-minded per- I son who would attempt to account by the ! rate In and of Itself for the crowds thronging the Copeland offices, for the public interest, for the' general grati tude and for the very avalanche of letters from sick, people. The fact that an Institution was giving medical treatment for $5 a month would certainly account for none of these things. Of course, sick people like to feel that they are recelvlngncdlcal care at a small cost, but that Is onlv a minor rnnsldern- tlon. "What sick people want to feel and I know, what their loving ana anxious families and friends want to feel and know, Is that they are receiving the very best medical treatment that can be ob tained. If V'j Copeland practice were a mere money-making venture Instead of being a public blessing, an offer of J5 or an offer of "free treatment," for that matter, would be received with Indifference. If some horse doctor offered to treat consumptives at $5 a month, or If the devil himself or some devilish person of fered to teach etiquette and mathematics to little boys and girls at $5 a month, It would not imply any great humanity to DISEASES CATARRH OF HEAD AND THROAT The head and throat become diseased from neglected colds, causing Catarrh when the condition of tho blood predis poses to this condition. "Is the voice husky?" "Do you spit up sllraeT" "Do you ache oil over?" "Do you snore at night?" "Do you blow out scabs at nightr" "Is your nose stopped up?" "Does your nose discharge?" "Does your nose bleed easily?" "Is there tlckllns in the throat? "Is thU worse toward nightr' "Does the nose itch and burn?" "Do you hawk to clear the throat?" "Is there pain across the eyes?" "Is there pain in front of head?" "Is your sense of smell leavlnsT' "Is the throat dry In the morning?" "Are you losing your sense of taste?" "Do you sleep with your mouth open?" "Does your nose stop up toward night?" Write for Information CONSULTATION THE COPELAND MEDICAL THE W. H. COPELAND, M. D. J. H. MONTGOMERY, M. D, the great factories were contented with the phenomenal demand for their output, not alone at home, but also abroad, where merit had already won a profit able trade. Appeals had to be made to the patriotism of exhibitors to Induce them to incur outlays promising no Im mediate return. This was especially the case where It became needful to complete an Industrial sequence or Illustrate a class of processes. One manufacturer af ter another had to be visited and im portuned, and at times, after a promise to exhibit in a particular section having been obtained, it would be withdrawn, owing to pressure of trade orders and a new quest would have to be made. The Installation of exhibits, too, en countered many obstacles and Involved unexpected cost. The exposition was far from ready at- the date fixed for its opening. Thf French transportation lines were congested with offered freight. Belated goods had to be hastily Installed In unfinished, quarters with whatever la bor could be obtained In the prevailing confusion. Nor was the task, of the com mission lightened by the fact that, ow ing to the scheme of classification adopt ed. It was Impossible to have the en tire exhibit of any one country in the same building or more than one group of exhibits in the same part of any build ing. Our Installations were scattered on both sides of the Seine and in widely remote suburbs of Paris, so that addi tional assistants were needed for the work of supervision and arrangement. Despite all these drawbacks, the con tribution of the United States was not only the largest foreign display, but was among the earliest in place and the most orderly In arrangement. Our exhibits were shown in 101 out of 121 classes, and more completely covered the entire classi fication than those of any other nation. In total number they ranked next after those of France, and the attractive form in which they were presented secured general attention. A criterion of extent and success of our participation and of the thorough ness with which our exhibits were or ganized Is seen In the awards granted to American exhibitors by the interna tional Jury, namely: Grand prizes, 240; gold medals, 597: silver medals, 776; bronze medals, 541; and honorable men tions. 3222476 In all, being the greatest total number given to the exhibit of any exhibiting nation, as well as the largest number .In each grade. This significant recognition of merit In competition with the chosen exhibits of all otner nations and at the hands of juries almost wholly made up of representatives of France and other competing countries, Is not only most gratifying, but! Is especially valu able, since It sets us to the front In Inter national questions of supply and demand, while the large proportion of awards In the classes of art and artistic manufac ture afforded unexpected proof of the stimulation of national culture by the prosperity that flows from natural pro ductiveness, joined to Industrial excel lence. Apart from the exposition, several occa sions for showing international good will occurred. The inauguration In Paris of the La Fayette monument, presented by the school children of the United States, and the designing of a commemorative coin by our mint and the presentation of the first piece struck to the President of the republic were marked by appro priate ceremonies, and the Fourth of July was especially observed In the French capital. Relations With Germany. Good will prevails In our relations with the German Empire. An amicable adjust ment of the long pending question of the admission of our life Insurance compa nies to do business In Prussia has been reached One of the principal companies has already been readmitted, and the way is opened for the others to share the priv ilege. The settlement of the Samoan problem, to which I adverted In my last message, has accomplished gopd results. Peace and contentment prevail In the islands, espe cially in Tutuila, where a convenient ad ministration that has won the confidence and esteem of the kindly-disposed natives TAUGHT BY THE CR0W the consumptives or to the children. Bad treatment and bad teaching are bad, even if "giyen free." No, the throngs of patients, the Interest and the gratitude are accounted for not by the $5 rate, but by the fact that all these people know that under this rate they are being admitted to the benefits of a practice that has commanded for years the respect of the profession and the public. They know that under this fee, low as It seems, they are obtaining care and treatment that they could not obtain any where for any fee, high or low. They know that under this opportunity they may be relieved of diseases which no other method of treatment has ever been able to benefit. They know that under this opportunity they obtain the best treatment and the best professional skill. They know that under this opportunity they are going to bo cured. And ,lt is this that accounts for the throngs of people, the Interest and the gratitude and the avalanche of letters and (what Is of more Importance than anything else) for the warm and hearty commendation of right-thinking people. DESCRIBED BY I SYMPTOMS OF EAR TROUBLES Deafness and ear troubles result from catarrh passing along the Eustachian tube that leads from the throat to the ear. "Is your hearing falling?" "Do your cars discharge?" "Do your ears Itch and burn?" "Are the ears dry and scaly?" "Have you pain behind the ears?" "Is there throbbing In the ears?" "Is there a buzzing sound heard?" "Do you have a ringing In the ears?" "Are there crackling sounds heard?" "Is your hearing bad cloudy days 7" "Do you have earache occasionally?" "Are there sounds like steam escaping?" "Do your ears hurt when you blow your nose?" "Do you constantly hear noises In the ears?" "Do you hear better some days than others?" "Do the noises In your ears keep you awake 7 ""When you blow your nose do the ears crack?" "Is hearing worse when you have a cold?" "Is roaring like a waterfall in the head?" of New Home Treatment, Sent FREE. DR. COPELAND'S BOOK DEKUM. THIRD AND WASHINGTON STREETS OFFICE HOURS From 9 A. M. to 12 M,- from 1 to 5 P. M. EVENINGS Tuesdays and Fridays. SUNDAYS From 10 A. M; to 12 M. has been organized under the direction of the commander of the United States naval station at Pango Pango. An Imperial meat inspection law been enacted for Germany. While It may sim plify the Inspections, It prohibits certain products heretofore admitted. There Is still great uncertainty as1 to whether our well-nigh extinguished German trade in meat products can revive under its new burdens. Much will depend upon regula tions not yet promulgated, which we con fidently hope will be free from the dis criminations which attended the enforce ment of the old statutes. The remaining link In the new line of direct telegraphic communication between the United States and the German Em pire has recently been completed, afford ing a gratifying occasion for exchange of friendly congratulations with the German Emperor. The Boer "War. Our friendly relations with Great Brit ain continue. The war In South Africa Introduced Important questions. A condi tion unusual In International wars was presented In that while one belligerent had control of the seas, the other had no ports, shipping or direct trade, but was only accessible through the territory of a neutral. Vexatious questions arose through Great Britain's action In respect to neutral cargoes not contraband In their own nature, shipped to Portuguese South Africa, on the score of probable or suspected ultimate destination to the Boer states. Such consignments In Brit ish ships, by which alone direct trade Is keDt un between our Dorts and South I Africa, were Belzed In application of a law prohibiting British vessels from trad ing with an enemy without .regard to any contraband character of the goods, while cargoes shipped to Delagoa Bay In neutral bottoms were arrested on the ground at alleged destination to the enemy's coun try. Appropriate representation on our part resulted in the British Government agreeing to purchase outright all such goods shown to be the actual property of American citizens, thus closing the Inci dent to the satisfaction of the Immediate ly Interested parties, although unfortu nately without a broad settlement of the question of a neutral's right to send goods not contrband per se to a neutral port adjacent to a belligerent area. Alnnka Boundary. The work of marking certain provis ional boundary points for convenience of administration around the head of Lynn Canal, In accordance with the temporary arrangement of October, 1899. was com pleted by a joint survey in July last. The modus vivendl has so far worked without friction and the Dominion Government has provided rules and regulations for securing to our citizens the benefit of the reciprocal stipulation that the citizens or Enclose It to Me With Ten Dollars and I will furnisi you my highest power belt, all complete, by mail, without any further payment to bt made. 1 positively guarantee it to be superior ts any other btlt offers d yu by others and for which they ask $40. DR. SANDEN'S BELT. has no equal for the cure of Nervous and Physical Debility. GUT OUT THIS ADV. DR. A. T. SANDEN STEE;R CLEAR. Steer clear. of patent cure-alls! To try to attack a hidden disease by means of a secret cure-all nostrum Is the same piece of Insanity as for an Invalid to go blindfold Into a drug store and eat medi cine from the shelves, without guidance to what Is good and without warning against what Is bad. Nor 13 there any abuse or folly against which the Copeland nominal fee sys.em Is more directly aimed. "With expert Individual treatment at S3 a month, all medicines Included, where is tle temptation or necessity to tamper with secret cure-alls? STEER CLEAR. Steer clear of the boodler In medical practice. Do not stand In awe of the i doctor who feels your pulse and then shakes his head to frighten you over your condition and make you pay 10 times over what his services are worth. The medical profession, like every other pro fession, has its pretenders, Its mounte banks. Its merciless Imposters. The nom inal assessment system In vogue at the Copeland Institute Is the invalid's protec tion from the wolf and the boodler in medicine. Five dollars a month, medi cines Included, for the most effective treat ment known. SYMPTOMS CATARRH OF THE STOMACH This condition may result from several causes, but the usual cause Is catarrh, the mucus dropping down into the throat and being swallowed. "Is, there nausea?" "Are you costive?" " "Is there vomiting?" - "Do you belch up gas?" "Have you waterbrash?" "Are you lightheaded?" "Is your tongue coated?" "Do you hawk and spit?" "Is there pain after eating?" "Are you nervous and weak?" "Do jou have sick headache?" "Do you bloat up after eating?" "Is there dlszust for breakfast?" "Have you distress after eating?" "Is your throat filled with slime?" "Do you at times have diarrhoea?" "Is there rush of blood to the head?" "When you get up suddenly are you dizzy?" "Is then- gnawing sensation In stomach?" "Do you feel as if you had lead In stomach?' "When stomach Is empty do you feel faint?" "Do you belch material that burns throat?" "If stomach is full do you feel oppressed?" Free on application. FREE TO ALL. INSTITUTE subjects of either power found by that arrangement within the temporary juris diction of the other shall suffer no di minution of rights and privileges they have hitherto enjoyed. But, however necessary such an expedient may have been to tide over the grave emergencies of the situation, it is at best but an unsatisfactory makeshift, which should not be suffered to delay the speedy and complete establishment of the frontier line to which we are entitled under the Russo-Amerlcan treaty for the cession of Alaska. In this relation, I may refer again to the need of definitely marking the Alas kan boundary where It follows the 111st meridian. A convention to that end has been before the Senate for some two years, but as no action has been taken, I contemplate negotiating a new convention for a joint determination of the meridian by hellocentrls observations. These, asit 'is believed, will give more accurate and unquestionable results than the sidereal methods heretofore independently fol lowed, which, as Is known, proved dis crepant at several points on the line, al- And e2tlng Is simply perfunctory dona because It must be. Tbl3 is the common complaint of the dyspeptic. If eating sparingly, leaving much of the light meal provided, would care dyspepsia, few would suffer from It long. The only way to care dyspepsia, which la difficult digestion, 13 by giving vigor and tone to the stomach and the whole diges tive system. It Is therefore cured posi tively and absolutely by flood's Sarsapa rilla. The testimonial of Frank Fay, 106 N. Street, South Boston, Mass., voluntarily given like thousands of others, should lead to a trial of this peculiar medicine. "My niece," he writes, "was a great sufferer from dyspepsia for six years. She tried many medicines In vain. She had no appe tite and was troubled with sour stomach and headaches. After taking two bottles of Hood's Sarsaparllla she was well." Hood's SarsaipariHa promises to cure and keeps the promise. Accept no substitute for it. Act Today because this offer will be held open only for a limited time, as I want to favor the many sufferers who can not afford to pay more for i first-class electrical appliance'such as the Sanden is. Corner Fourth and Morrison Strttts. Portland, Oregon