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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 4, 1900)
u THE MOEXIG QHEno::i.X. TrESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1900. single-cylinder arrived the latter part of 1862. Louis P. Chcmin came up to set it up, and he has been with us as foreman of the pressroom ever since. I had been in some doubt as to "whether The Daily Oregonlan should be a morning or even ing paper, and -when in San Francisco I had procured a new heading so made as to accommodate either edition. That is to say, the heading of the same design as the present used, by the tray was cast in three parts, 'Mor and then 'nlng Ore gonlan and also the letters Eve' on one plate. The idea was, of course, to substi tute the "Eve for the 'Mor in case it should be an afternoon paper. The sub stitution was never made. The Oregonlan was started as a morning paper, and so continued. Upon the arrival of the cj Under press, it was installed in the new offices of tho paper, on the second floor of a brick build ing on Front street, between Alder and "Washington, and it was operated by hand power. Steam was not used until we moved to Front and Washington, in ISM. Then an engine was built for it by Smith Bros. It was no easy task to establish The Daily Oregonlan. It had several ver lively competitors, which had, or might have had, the same facilities for getting the news and for printing It, and as much, or more, capital. Tho Oregonlan was aided in Its strug gle to a very considerable extent by the fact that the war spirit was high, and It strongly supported the Union. Its name wa3 familiar to the public, and it had gained considerable prestige under Sir. Dryer. The Commercial was then under the direction of George L. Curry, ex-Governor, and was for secession. Its policy was not popular, and the paper suffered much damage therefrom. The other papers, for various causes, made no headway, and disappeared. At that time Treka, Cal., was connected with the transcontinental telegraph, and I arranged for a news service from there by mail. Our facilities were somewhat more com plete than those of our competitors, and we got the news. Later the electric tele graph was finished to Portland, and I ar ranged for a news service over It. The telegraph tolls were quite heavy, and it was no easy thing to meet the weekly bills. Not long since I ran across one of these bills among my memoranda, ag gregating J1G2 50. But we got the news. When I took charge of The Oregonlan I determined to enforce a policy of cash payments for subscriptions, and of week ly payments to my printers and other creditors. I have gone home many a Sat urday night without a dollar in my pocket, but with the comforting feeling that the men in my office had been paid. There were outstanding in 1660 something like $10,000 in credits, turned over to me by Dryer, and of this amount I did not real ize 10 per cent. I cut off the non-paying subscribers, and this very materially re duced the circulation, but it paid in the long run. If The Oregonlan has succeed ed where others have failed, it .seems to me that It Is largely because it has been conducted as a business enterprise, and not as a sort of public gratuity. It was an exceedingly severe struggle to get It on its feet; it has been aided much by good fortune, but I believe that the pres ent proprietors may fairly say that it has always seen and met Its opportunities. Its circulation, for example, was assisted a great deal during the Idaho mining ex citement. A very large number of. people went Into that country, and The Daily Oregonlan was the only paper that reached them. It was a Aery profitable business while It lasted. Although the relations of The Oregonlan to Its printers and employes have always been exceedingly amicable, in 1SC4 there was a printers' strike. The printers wanted to work by the piece Instead of by the day. Amory Holbrook was then edi tor, and he had somehow given occasion for offense to the leaders of the "Union party. These troubles happening to gether, suggested an enterprise to start a new paper called the Union. It was somewhat notable because of the number of well-known men con nected with It, among them Governor Glbbs and W. Lair Hill. Other competi tors to The Oregonlan had meanwhile dis appeared. While this opposition gave promise at one time of being very for midable, it did not last long. Differences arose among the printers and the paper suspended. The strike on The Oregonlan had not amounted to much, and was soon settled. The Union, by the way, was "printed on the same floor of tho same building with The Oregonlan. Mr. Scott became editor of The Orego nlan In ISM. I was led to invite him to the editorship largely through the offices of the late Judge E. D. Shattuck. Of his great influence on the destinies of The Oregonlan I do not need to speak. It Is familiar history. In 50 jears The Oregonlan has not missed a single publication, and has ne er failed to reach its subscribers. This is, I think, a very remarkable record. It has been exposed to destruction by flood and fire, but it has escaped all such disasters. After wo moved .into our own offices at Stark and Front there was a Winter flood in the Willamette that very seriously threatened us. This was late in the '80s. Water came Into the pressroom and Teached the web of the press. For se eral days the pressmen walked In water and managed to keep the press going, but when the water came up so high as to en gulf this part of the machine, wetting the paper, nothing could be done. So we went upstairs, put the forms on the job presses of Lewis & Drvden nnrt nrin the paper. There was some delay, but we koi ii out. jjjre nas four times come near our establishment, but we hae luckily been exempted. There has been a long succession of ef forts to start papers In opposition to The Oregonlan, none more serious than the undertaking of Ben Holladay with the Portland Bulletin. Holladay had a great deal of money, and he established both a morning and an evening paper. After some time the morning paper was discon tinued and the energies of Mr. Holladay and his associates were confined to the evening paper. Later the morning Issue was resumed, and a very hard struggle ensued. Holladay enUstcd many powerful business and political Influences In his be half, but In the end they availed noth ing. I may be permitted, I hope, to In dulge In the belief that In The Orego nlan the Attest has survived. The Penny Still In Existence. Mr. F. W. Pettygrove, son of the pioneer. Is frequently In Portland. He is himself a native son of the Northwest, having been born In Port Townsend. Wash., In 1S55. This was four or five years after his father had definitely de cided to leave Portland and go to Puget Sound. Mr. Pettygrove has still in his possession the old copper cent that de termined the name of Portland. The well-known Incident as to the christening of the young town Is. he says, entirely authentic The penny Is of the mintage of 1S35, and has been carefully preserved by the Pettygrove family. A latter from Theodore Parker, the raxnous "Unitarian preacher and reformer, to James Freeman Clarke, with marginal comments by the latter, was sold in Boston tho other day tor 7 s. A First Advertiser How Amos N. King', tKe Portland Pioneer o 4'9, Acquired His Tannery THE only living person now In Portland whose name Is men tioned In the first number of The Oregonlan is Amos N. King, the well-known pioneer. On page 3 appears a modest 1-lnch advertisement of King, Fuller & Company's tannery, lo cated in the gulch back of the Exposi tion building, on the site now occupied by the grandstand for the Multnomah H. L. PITTOCK, MANAGER A?D Amateur Athletic grounds. The senior partner of the Arm was Amos N. King, and with him was associated his brother- In-law. Henry Fuller. The "company" appears to haie been added to the firm for purposes of euphony. Mr. Fuller did nAf nctn1rt Vile MlttttAnfkU .A . . - not sustain his relationship to the tannery lor a -very long time. He was enrasred In various pursuits until four or five years 1 ago, when he went to California and Texas, where Is presumably still liv ing. Mr. King resides on the site of his original Portland home, and has lived there continuously for 51 years and more. He is In fairly good health and is pass ing his declining jears amidst the com forts of a beautiful home, an attentive and dutiful family, and such employments as his still busy mind and active hands are able to find for himself. Mr. King was born in Ohio in 1822 and was the sixth son of Nathan King, being one of a family of 10 sons and daughters. In 1S10. the family moved to Missouri, and in 1845 joined an emigrant train of 100 rangers In the long and arduous overland Journey to Oregon. They reached The Dalles after the usual hardships, and built there a raft and floated down the Columbia. They spent the Winter at Torest Grove and In the Spring went to a fertlla valley in Benton County, which has ever since been known as King's ! Valley. Here the senior King lived until hiK rffn.th In 1RS1 Innc ITInrr lllr- Vila ' father, was a tanner. He led the usual life of a jouth of that period, boating in the river and assisting his father In a pioneer tannery, until 1849, when he came to the little village of Portland, and bought out a tannery conducted by Ebson and Balance, (so Mr. King pro nounces the names) and the 590 acres ad Joining townslte on the west. It had orlgnelly been located.or rather squatted on, by D. H. Lownsdale, and his rights In the property and the tannery In tho gulch were sold to Ebson and Balance, and from Ihem with the 50 acres of wood covered land transferred. to Mr. King, who bought It all with his nctes to tho sum of about JOTOO. The business was so profitable that the Indebtedness was speedily paid. "Yes, I remember when The Oregonlan was first Issued," said Mr. King, in re spouse to an Inquiry, the other day. "And I remember especially well an Incident In connection with Its publication. I had planted some potatoes out in tho woods, with surprising results. When Mr. Drjer came along and arranged to print his paper, I had something for him. It was a 'spud weighing 5 pounds. I took it along down town one day, hunt ing for the editor, and I ran across a man from California. "What have you got there?' said he. " 'Looks like a potato," said I. " Til give you ?5 for it said he. "That was nearly a dollar a pound, a very munificent sum for those or any other dajs; but I declined. It was for the man who had the boldness to come out In the wilderness to print a paper. I gave It to Mr. Dryer, and he caused glass to be put around it, and sent it to the States. It beat all the potatoes anybody had ever seen, until finally It! went to England, where-lt struck a bigger . potato, and that's the last I e er heard ting skins. Cattle were scarce, and of it. j usually too valuable to kill. I tanned "We didn't stop at Portland when we ' twice as many deer skins as any other, first came to Oregon. Up In King's Val- But people bad to come to me, or go ley, where we lived, I early began to hear barefooted, or wear moccasins, which In stories about the profits and dangers of ' the "Winter time, was about the same boating in tho rivers from Oregon City i thing. One day Montgomery, the shoo- to Vancouver. Every once in a while maker, came to see me, and wanted a somebody was drowned in .Clackamas calf-skin. Now a calf -skin was a rarity Rapids, or a boat was capsized, and her , and I fiad none. cargo lost, or a mishap of some kind oc curred I had had some experience in that sort of work on the Missouri River, and I concluded I would try it. So I came down the river, got a boat and set out to hae a look at Clackamas Rapids. I "was two or three miles below Oregon City, and I met a boat with a man In It. " Then Til give you a deerskin for a ' 'Say, said I: 'how far Is it to Clacka- calfskin and your man won't know the mas Rapids T difference.' " 'Why, you've passed 'em said he. ) "So Montgomery took the deerskin and "So I had. and I didn't know it I j made the boots, and his customer was concluded to go Into the transportation , the proudest and happiest man in Port business. There were three boats then ' land, and bragged about his calf-sklnr plylng from Vancouver to Oregon City, j boots to every man, woman and child he Not 5teamboats4 mind. Tno first trip 1 met Not long alter I ran across him, I made nothing. The second trip I made $2. Then one boat drew off, and then another, until I had the business pretty much to myself. Tou see, I never tipped a boat over, or wet anybody's goods. Then I got another boat above the falls, and so I had through sorvice from Van couver to Yamhill. This was before the dajs of the Oregon City locks, and wo had to pack goods around the falls on our backs. It took about two weeks TREASURER OF THE OREGO.MAX. --o to make the through trip: though. If everj thing went well, we made it quicker. I was SO DrOSOerOUS that I had rrnw of two on my bateau. When wo reached tho raDids. we noled anA nniip tn n,v. ms the whole trip, sometimes, we rowed. ... ouier times look a line, went ashore and pulled; then again It was possible to row on one side and pole on the other. Us ually we didn't stop long at Portland. There wasn't much to Portland In those days. "Well, I stuck to that business for two 3 oars, ami hard work It was, too. Then I came to Portland. I wanted to buy" some blankets at Crosb's store, at Wash ington and First streets, and, I had to hang around three days for a chance to get waited on. How is that for a rush of business? D. IL Lownsdale and Col one King were about the only men living on the original Portland townslte those dajs. I bought out the tannery from thej two partners, who wanted to go to California. That was In 1849. and the gold excitement was at its height I bought tho whole outfit Just as It stcod hides, leather In hand, tools, everything. Ort went Ebson and Balance. In a jear or two Balance came back broke, and went to work for me, until he got enough money to go to Jacksonville to work in the mines. "i had tho nnir tnnnon- in th. -w-v.. west and I prospered. I had lots of trou ble keeping men at work, though. I paid as high as $10 per cay, and still they wouldn't -stay. I sold hides and leath- James L. Af Cown. JFbrcmart of Compostng room "" "- SQ64-8$o r to everybody. An - inch strip off cow's hide, good for a bridle-rein, sold for a dollar. I had great difficulty get " 1 have a customer for a J20 pair of boots.' he said, 'and they have got to bo calf-skin.' " 'Look here, Monty said I, 'Can you lie a little?' Oh, It won't hurt a shoemaker to lie a little.' said he. fj '- ' igarcj . msWKBfl IT i,,, i Tun 'irt P? .j foreman of press room WNk IPilt 'X .-Am ..kb. I 1 MmSfi MZ tjjHjmu - ;Sfr holdlng forth on his faorite subject of his boots to a crowd of five or six. " Let me see those boots said I to him, 'I'm a Judge -of leather. Why said I. those are not calf-skin; they are deer-skin." " I don't care a damn;' said he. They're a fine pair of boots, anyway. "Conditions of life were pretty hard then. I remember the first pair of shces I ever had, after we got here. My father made them, and he tanned the hides by hand, I had gone barefooted from March till December of that jear. Everybody then In ISIS wore buckskin. buckskin coat, buckskin jacket, and buckskin breeches, all homemade. And a home made straw hat, too. I had just one hat that wasn't straw before '52. Down on tho Columbia River, during a blow one day, my hat went off Into the river. The boys laughed at me so much that I told them I would get a hat that would fill them with envy. I did. I went to the Hudson's Bay store at Vancouver, and bought a high silk hat, the only one I could get. And I wore that hat on the river for some time. "We ran our -tannery by horsepower and used homemade tools. The first real curry knife I had I paid $13 for. It was worth $2 50 In the States. I cut out the tan au mjself with a broadax. We had no sawmill nearer than Oregon City. People came from all oer the territory to buy leather, riding horseback from as far as Jacksonville. They had to have shoes If they had nothing else." Mr. King built tho fine house In which he lives at present In 1S56. It has the same roof of shingles It had at first. "Yoving Moss StriKe. f Walter Moss was a roller boy In the early days of The Weekly Oregonlan, and often heard Mr. Pittock, as well as the different compositors connected with the office, call for "color" while pulling the lever of the old-style handpress. He flatters himself that he was the first person ever to strike while the paper was known as "Tho Weekly Oregonlan." The incident occurred in the 'Ms and was occasioned by a union picnic that had been arranged by the late Dr. Atkinson between the Sundays schools of Oregon City and Portland. The picnic occurred at Milwaukle, and the people from Ore gon City were taken to Milwaukle on the steamer Jennie Clark, with Captain J. C AInsworth In command, while those from Portland were landed from the Ex press, which boat was under the direc tion of Captain Alexander Murray. Luncheon was served in an old building that stood on the river front, after which addresses were made by different minis ters of the gospel. On the outside the rival bands of Oregon City and Portland held forth In one locality and the boys from Oregon City and Portland were pitted against one another In an other section, enjoying a free fight. A complete description of the picnic was given in the next Issue of The Oregonlan, which included the band contest, but no mention was made of the "entertain ment" of tho rising generation of tho two cities. The ruling price In those days for "roll ing" off an edition of The Oregonlan was "two bits," but on account of the picnic occurring on publication day, young Moss insisted on receiving "three" bits," and advised Mr. Dryer that he must have that amount or he would go to the picnic. As Mr. Dryer did not believe in extortion he refused to comply with the demand and a "strike" on the part of tho youngster was the result. """Says Mr. Moss: "When The., Dally Oregonlan was established the telegraph line extended to Yreka only, and ar rangements were made to have letters sent from that point to Portland by mail, and each evening a number of boys would stand around the office waiting TVolcott J Humphrey.-" Jztirfy compoaifbr for the extras to come out. Soon you "would hear the cry on the streets: 'Here's your bully Oregonlan extra 'big battle fought 'rebels driven back 'one hundred thousand killed etc The public would rush for extras from all quarters, and the prices would range from 25 cents to $1, according to the importance of the event, and the amount was as cheerfully paid at that time for a small slip of paper as Is 5 cents at the present time for the mammoth, edition of Tha Orego-nlasi -&-.. SMi r H Sixr? 3v xemHHT . I MM Mjrms , jik 2SKL aRK a . -r . t w Admission of TKe Struggle in "Views of NortKern c WASHINGTON", Nov. IS. To the Editor.) I hand you herewith the result of an Interview with Judge John V. Wright, of "Wash ington. D. C, who was a mem ber of Congress when Oregon was ad mitted into the Union of States. Judge Wright has visited the Western Coast twice In recent years and he Is much in terested In the development of Oregon's great resources, and he feels a just pride II. W. SCOTT, EDITOR in the recollection that he was ono who helped to make It a state. ORVIL DODGE. General Land Office. WASHINGTON, D. C, Nov. 13. Mr. Orvll Dodge, City: Dear Sir Respond ing to your request, I take pleasure In giving you my recollections and personal experiences and observation In the mat ter of the admission of Oregon. as a state into the Union. My CjzressIonal career as a member of Confess if rom the State "of Tennessee commented on December 12, 1SS5, In the Thlrty-fXnrth Congress, and continued through that Congress, the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, concluding on the 4th. of March, 1SS1, the day of the Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States. I was the youngest member of Congress, which Included many of the ablest and best known men In the Union, such as Ham lin and Fessenden, Hale, of New Hamp shire; Foote and Collamamer, of Ver mont; Sumner and Wilson, of Massa chusetts; Foster, of Connecticut; King and Seward, of New York; Bayard, of Delxware; Mason and Hunter, of Vir ginia; Toombs, of Georgia; Clay, of Ala bama; Benjamin and Slldell, of Louis iana; Wade and Pugh, of Ohio; Thomp son and Crittenden, of Kentucky; John son and Bell, of Tennessee; Bright, of Indiana; Douglass.of Illinois; Chandler, of Michigan: Sam Houston, of Texas; Doollttle, of Wisconsin, of the Senate; JFhank EcJSfelirnnA r .JEarfy Annd-pressman and -i. Iu dong-ttme employee. and Morrill, of Vermont; Burllngame, Banks and Dawes, of Massachusetts; Sickles and John Cochrane, of sNew York; Glande Jones and Galusha A. Grow, of Pennsylvania; Winter Davis, of Indiana; Letcher, Smith, Bocock and Faulkner, of Virginia; Branch and Cllng man, of North Carolina; Keltt, Miles and Boyce, of South Carolina; Hill and Ste- ivens, of Georgia; George S. Houston and c Curry, of Alabama: Lamar, Barksdale and Quitman, of Mississippi; Eustis, of Louisiana; Lewis D. Campbell, Pendle ton, Cox, Groesbeck and John Sherman, of Ohio; Marshall and James B. Clay, of Kentucky: Jones, Zollicoffer, Savage and Maynard. of Tennessee; Nlblack, English and Colfax, of Indiana; E. B. Washburne, Lovejoy, Harris and Mar shall, of Illinois; Bishop, of Connecticut; James P. Blair, Kennett and Phelpsy of Missouri; Denver and Herbert, of Cali fornia, all members of the House, and Delegates Henry M. Rice, Joseph Lane, J. Patton Anderson and John W. Whit field. It will thus be seen that my position In Congress during th atlr struggl 'H""92"I"" $ f5spKk:"IIW3s HEEEff -r i-Y ?tv, i V " ' xf -s?yH 9HKflH"fia flHHH jj3"9Hk. IKhhH 1 Oregon: Congress Differing' t and SoutKern Members f for the admission of Oregon gave me opportunities, which few living men pos sess, to give accurate Information as to the history of Oregon during that Inter esting period. I do not know of a single Senator now living who was a member of that body, and I can only count the following members of the House who still survive, to wit: Sickles, Bishop, Galusha A. Grow, John H. Savage, J. D. C. Atkins, Curry. Will Cumbach, Augus- OF THE OREGOXIAX. tus E. Maxwell and myself, eight in, number. The great distance which intervened belween tho Eastern States and Oregon at that day prevented free Intercourse between her sparse and widely separated settlements and the Eastern States, and consequently bat little was known of the struggles of her Indomitable people to establish government on a sound basis. Sho was confronted with wild beasts savage Indians, political contentions and all the thousand and one difficulties which had to' be met x and overcome by American pluck and endurance, and which tho Americans, more than ' any people, know how to meet and overcome. She did not escape, however, far away as she was from the unfortunate and dis astrous discussion of the slavery ques tion, which appears to have protruded itself into so many other communities, and which Anally resulted In 'a long and bloody war between men of the same race, apparently agreeing on all other governmental questions except that. In the formation of her state constitution she excluded slavery and went farther and forever excluded all negroes, whether slave or free, and provided for their ex pulsion from her borders whenever and wherever they should appear on her soil. Subsequent events have rendered this lat ter provision Inoperative, though I be lieve it still remains as a part of the constitution of Oregon. The vote by the people on the adoption of the constitu tion resulted singularly. Of the mofU than 10.000 votes given, 7700 voted against slavery and S600 against allowing free negroes to come Into the state. Oregon had not yet been admitted. A bill for that purpose had passed the House and been amended In the Senate, but not passed. The people did not know how the question stood. Objection was ex pected -on the ground of the want of a sufficient population. Democrats general ly were satisfied with the constitution; Republicans, many of them, opposed it, because of the free negro exclusion clause. Party spirit In Oregon ran high. The historian says: "At last amidst the multitude of oppugnant Issues and fac tions of the contending' claims to life and liberty to man white, red, copper colored and black of the scheming of parties and the fierce quarrels of politi cians, Democrats. National and sectional. Whigs. Know-Nothings and Republicans Oregon Is enthroned a sovereign state." The vote on the question of admission was a close one. Although the constitu tion of Oregon prohibited slavery, nearly all the members from the Southern States voted for admission: on the con trary, the Republicans from the North generally voted against Its admission. The constitutional convention in Oregon was composed of men from nearly every state; Tennessee had 'five, North Caro lina had two. New York seven, Massa chusetts four, Missouri four, Ohio two, Virginia five, Indiana two, Maryland two, Georgia one, Pennsylvania Hye, New Hampshire one, Maine one,' Illinois four, Germany one, Ireland one and Vermont one. Tha Democrats generally. North and South, voted In favor of the admission, and the Republicans against It. Mr. Schuyler Colfax, then a Republican mem ber from Indiana, and afterward Vice President of the United States, under took to apologize to a prominent citizen of Oregon for this, and said the bill would have been lost but for the aid of the 15 Republicans who voted for the admission. Alexander H. Stevens, of Georgia, was the head of the committee on territories, and to his support of the measure, more than to any one man, is Oregon Indebted for her statehood at that time. Many Southern members did not much relish the Idea of adding another free state to the number of such, and some of them voted against the admission. Mr. Stevens saw the daneer. being famllar with Southern Ideas and sentiment, and In the closing hours of debate brought to bear his powerful energy, arguments and sur passing eloquence In favor" of the meas ure. Aft6r answering in a masterful manner, all the arguments of tho oppo nents of the measure, ho mada an appeal to Southern members, which carried the question successfully through. After de pleting In glo-jng terms the progress of our country, he said: "This progress, sir, is not to be arrested. It will go on. There are persons now living who will see over a hundred million human beings within the- present boundaries of tha United States, to say nothing of futura extension, and perhaps double the num ber of states we now have, should tha I Union last. For myself, I say to you. my ioutnern colleagues on this floor. that I dO not annrphpni Hnncef tn mw 'constitutional 'rights from the mere fact .or increasing the number of states with, institutions dissimilar to ours. Tha whole Government fabric of the Unitei States Is based and founded upon tho idea of dissimilarity in the Institutions Of the reSDective members. "PrlnoinlM i not numbers, are our protccton. Whea inese Tail, we have, like all other people, who. knowing their rights, dare maintain them, nothing to rely upon but the Jus tice of our cause, our own right arms and! stout hearts "The admission of "new states is one o the objects expressly provided for: how are they to come In? With such consti tutions as the people in each may please to make for themselves, so It la republican In form This is the ground the South has ever stood upon. Let ua not abandon it now. It Is for us and those who shall come after us to deter mine whether this grand experimental problem shall be " worked out,' not by quarreling among ourselves, not by doing Injustice to- any. not by keeping out any particular class of states, but by each state remaining a .separate and dis tinct political organism within Itself all bound together for general objects, un der a common federal head; ,ns It were, a wheel within a wheel. Then the num ber may bo multiplied without limit; and then, indeed, may nations of tho earth look on In wonder at our career, and when they hear the voice of tho wheels of our progress In achievement. In, development. In expansion. In glory, and in renown. It may well appear to them not unlike the noise of great water, the very qice of thp Almighty, vox populi, vox Del." As one who voted for the admission qC Oregon and as the only one, with a few exceptions, now living, it is pleasant to behold thl3 great state, then almost, a. wilderness, now teeming with happy thousands, her smiling valleys, "her thriving cities, her magnificent rivers, rushing from her grand moUiTtain heights and mingling their limpid waters with the mighty ocean, on whore bosom ma jestic ships carry the commerce of the country to distant lands. As one who helped to clothe Jier Jn the, habiliments of statehood. I look with pride upon her In her majesty as an equal In the sister hood of mighty states, and mingle my 'own with the hopes of her own people! tb it her destiny may still be onward and upward. . JOHN V. WRIGHT. soo Governor Gaines t His Controversies With the X Legislature Over Removal I of the Capital to Salem. IN the contents of .the first Oregonlan 'are found the first annual message of Governor John P. Gaines to the territo rial Legislature and a letter from tho Governor to 'President Fillmore prior to his departure Tor Oregon. The incum bency of Gaines In the Gubernatorial chair" covers a somewhat stormy period in territorial history. - t Gaines was a Virginian, having been born at Augusta In 1795. In early youth he removed to Boone County, Kentucky. He served in the war of 1812, and waa In the battle of the Thames and other engagements. Having studied law, ha was admitted to the bar, practiced sev eral years, and was a member of tha Kentucky Legislature. He was a Major In Marshall's Kentucky Cavalry Volun teers during the Mexican War, and waa afterward aide-de-camp to General Scott. In 1817 he was elected to the Thirtieth: Congress as a Whig. In 1S50 he was ap pointed Governor of Oregon by Presi dent Fillmore. He arrived with hla family August 15. From May 1 until that date the government had been ad ministered by the territorial Secretary and Attorney, acting with the United UStates Marshal. The contest between Salena and Oregon City over the state capital was then at its height. The Dem ocratic Legislature passed an act to lo cate the capital at Salem when Governor Gaines Interfered by a special message, declaring that the members" could not appropriate money for public buildings without his concurrence, and making other objections. The Legislature there upon refused to vote for printing either the special or annual message of tha Governor. Gainesr appealed to the Attorney-General of the United ""States, who ruled that, while the Legislature could not make appropriations without his con currence. It could locate tho seat of gov ernment without his consent. The -controversies growing out of this matter were lasting and acrimonious. The act of tho Legislature In establishing tha capital at Salem Was approved by tho United States Government, but, -in tha Summer of 1852, Governor Gaines con vened a speciil session or' the -Legislature and declared that the. location act was- stilT defective: that no sites." for buildings had been selected, and that no money could be drawn from- the sums appropriated until the Commissioners were authorized by law to call fbr it. The Legislature adjourned without transacting any business. ' In 1851 Governor Gaines served as1 ona of the Commissioners" to secure extin guishment of Indian titles to lands west or the Cascade Mountains. He was suc ceeded as Governor by Joseph Lane, for mer Governor, who had been represent ing Oregon as Delegate In the House of Representativs. The latter held office'tor three days only, resigning to become a. candidate for re-election to Congress. Governor Gaines was In 1835 the candi date for the American, or Know-Nothing, party for Congress, but was defeated by General Lane. He retired to his farm In Marion County and died there Jan uary 4, 1S3S. He Is buried at Salem. The Carliat Rising. The new movement in Spain Is really a Carllst movement, according to tha Paris correspondent of the London Times, but is not favored by Don Carlos, tha proposed 'beneficiary. The first outbreak was an attack on the civil guard near Barcelona by 40 men armed with Mau sers. The cry was "Viva Carlos VHl" Next day there were other attacks by other bands at Igualada, Berga and GI ronella, led by priests prominent Jn tha last civil war. Some 00 Carllsts assem bled In the mountains at Berga, near Barcelona. Their chief leader is Josa Grandin Solcr, who was a leader In th last civil war, and Jose Casals, a land owner. Arms have been found concealed a$ Madrid in tho Interest of the revolu-. tionlsts. Carlos, himself, ,gn being Inter YTewedj eaya he disapproves of the risioff.