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POn.1T,A?rD, THURSDAV, JfOV. 1.
DRYAX OK MONOPOLY.
In one of his many harangues of the
campaign Mr. Bryan declares that If
He shall be eleoted President he will see
to It that there Shall not be a single
private monopoly In the United States
after one year.
This Is loose talk. "What does he
mean by private monopoly? Evidently
he would so designate every large pri
vate business. If one has a great fac
tory, mercantile house, or other estab
lishment, which does a large proportion
of the business of the locality In Us
lire, through use of capital, machinery
and facilities with which men of
smaller resources are unable to com
pete, Mr. Bryan evidently would call
such establishment a monopoly, to be
destroyed within one year after his
election to the Presidency.
It could make no difference whether
such large business, which he talks of
as a monopoly, were owned by a single
proprietor, by a partnership or by the
stockholders of a corporation. It would
be a monopoly, because of the great
extent of Its business. It is evident
that this economist thinks that no sin
gle establishment ought to be allowed
to do all the business It can.
The Standard Oil Company Is named
as the greatest of all monopolies. Its
profits probably exceed that of any
other corporation. "What could be done
with the Standard Oil Company? It Is
protected by no tariff. The laws of the
United States forbid It any advantage
through railroad rates, and It is not al
leged that it has any such advantage.
It has, however. Immense capital; it Is
able to control supplies of oil; its re
fineries are great establishments; Its
means and methods of distribution are
so extensive that they oover the whole
country; lis business, In short, is on so
vast a scale that competition of smaller
concerns with it is difficult, or next to
Impossible. "WTiat could Bryan do with
it. If eleoted to the Presidency?
The great factory, having large cap
ital, vast machinery and ample means
of distribution. Is able to sell its prod
ucts cheaper than the Bmall factory
can. The great establishment, mercan
tile, manufacturing or other, is the re--eult
of an economic tendency. On this
coast we get our wagons, plows, shoes,
etc from the East, because these great
establishments can sell them to us for
less money than we cannake them for
here. 1$ is these great establishments
that fall under the Bryan definition of
monopoly.
Abram S. Hewitt, of New Tork, has
Just published an article in which he
exposes the superficiality of Bryan's
discussion of monopoly. Mr. Hewitt
says society never has limited the
amount of property a man might hold,
or the amount of business he might do:
nor has it ever attempted to limit the
amount of property a partnership or a
corporation might possess, and proba
bly never will. If two or more persons
see fit to put their resources together
for business, will the state dispute their
right? Bryan's treatment of the sub
Jeot implies that it will, or may. But
any one can see this is nonsense. As to
Bryan's suggestion that all corpora
tions doing an interstate business shall
be required to take out lioense from the
Federal Government, Mr. Hewitt says
the Federal Government has no power
to grant such license, and that such
power could be obtained only by
amendment of the Constitution. "While
Mr Hewitt is himself inclined to be
lieve that Federal supervision of all
corporations engaged in Interstate com
merce might be beneficial, he says
truly that suoh supervision is impossi
ble today, and will continue so until a
majority of the states consent to a
change in the fundamental law after a
pivpotritton for Its change has been
made by the Federal Congress. As to
the proposition to repeal the duties on
all articles manufactured by trusts,
he reminds Mr. Bryan that such" a
course would ruin hundreds of indi
viduals who were not connected with
the trusts, but who were manufactur
ing articlas of the same kind as those
which the trusts manufacture. As to
drling out of business those corpora
tions which possess a monopoly, Mr.
Hewitt confesses that he knows of no
such corporations pave those which own
patent rights. There oan be no monop
oly where there Is no special privilege,
and all the advantage the Standard Oil
and other reat corporations possess
lies in the magnitude of their capital
and the extent of their resources for
doing business.
Until, thestate shall get to the point
of forbidding th man who possesses
large capital from going Into business;-
until It sfc&H deoterejgth.tit ,.meaBbaU
not form partnerships and put their
capitals together; until it shall -be pre
pared to forbid men. to take stock in
corporations and combine capital ' In
large masses for business, it will not
be possible to carry out Bryan's Idea
for suppreslon of monopoly, or what-he
calls monopoly. The. candidate is talk
ing on this subject, as on most other
subjects, for the thoughtless. He
seems to think they are a majority of
the voters. i
TROPIC INCAPACITY.
In the month of January. 1871. the
question of annexing Santo Domingo
was under discussion in the United
States Senate. Speaking to that ques
tion, Senator Carl Schurz said:
Read that blttory. read that of all other
tropical countries, and then show me a single
Instance of the successful establishment and
peaceable maintenance, for a respectable
period, of republican institutions, baed upon
popular self-government, under & tropical run.
To show me one, do not conflne your searoh to
the West Indies; look for it anywhere else on
the face of the globe in tropical latitudes. I
challenge Senators to point their fingers to a
single one. There is none sir! . . . The
tropical sun Inflames the Imagination to Inor
dinate activity and deelops the government
of the passions. The consequences are natural,
and there la a tendency lo govern by force
Instead of by argument, molutlons are of
chronic occurrence, like Tolcanle outbreaks,
and you will find political lite continually i os
cillating between two extremes liberty, which
there means anarchy, and order, which tliere
means desrpotlsm.
Nearly thirty years have passed
since those words were spoken, and
yet they are as true now as then. Self
government In the tropics, so far as any
tubstantlal results of liberty and order
are concerned, is a failure. Whether
Mr. Schurz pointed out the correct rea
son or not, the fact remains that in the
independent republics of the "West In
dies and of South America, govern
ment consists of a procession of revo
lutionists passing through the Presiden
tial office. Government, however, is
satisfactorily administered by Great
Britain and the Netherlands In the sim
ilarly situated islands of the eastern
hemisphere.
If Mr. Schurz is right as to the cli
matic bar to tropical self-government,
the control of the tropics by men
trained under northern skies Is a per
petual necessity, for all history forbids
the hypothesis that fertile lands re in
definitely to be abandoned to anarchy
and revolution. The productive energy
of the race Is entitled to stable govern
ment everywhere, and stable govern
ment must come from those who can
provide it. We are hopeful of Cuba,
and we are hopeful of the Philippine
Islands; but In neither place will the
public opinion of mankind tolerate the
misgovernment that prevailed under
Spain or the no government that would
prevail under Aguinaldo. How long
American authority stays in Cuba, and
how long it abstains from reassertlon
once it is withdrawn, depends entirely
on what capacity the Inhabitants de
velop for Belf-government.
A more attractive view than Mr.
Schurz climatic theory is that tropical
races can be educated up to self-government
just as the northern races
have been, though they are Immeasur
ably lower In the scale of political de
velopment. The self-restraint and self
denial, patriotism and clear thinking
that have made self-government at
length possible with the Frank, tHe
Teuton, the Norseman and the Celt,
after a thousand years of study, toll
and pain, are lacking now in Latin
America and in Malaysia, and thrive
In Australia and Hawaii only because
individuals have been transplanted
along with Institutions. The Filipinos
are as Ignorant now of the -duties and
responsibilities of self-government as is
the babe unborn. But we shall proceed
upon the hypothesis that under Ameri
can guidance and tutelage they have
the capacity to rise from small begin
nings to the same free exercise of the
ballot enjoyed by a citizen of Oregon
or Massachusetts. We shall not con
demn them in advance, as Mr. Schurz
did In 1S71, or throw away his warning
entirely, as he and his fellow-antls
propose to do now. The Idealist is cot
a safe man to frame tariffs or govern
the tropics.
SLAVERY IN JOLO.
A request comes from Sclo for pub
lication of the treaty with the Sultan
of Sulu, and for explanation of the
negotiations concerning slavery there.
The only reference to slavery in the
Sulu treaty Is in article X, which Is as
follows:
Any slave in the Archipelago of Jolo (8ulu)
shall hae the right to purehaso freedom by
paying to the master the usual market value.
The treaty was made on our part
by General Bates, with the written
proviso In its preamble that It was not
binding until confirmed. The President,
upon Us transmission to him and ex
amination by hinx, advised General
Otis, who was to Inform Bates, Bates
to Inform the Sultan of Jolo, that the
treaty was approved with the proviso
that Its reference to slavery was sub
ject to article XHI, section 1, Of the
Constitution, which reads:
Neither slavery nor Involuntary servitude,
exoept as a, punishment for crime, whereof the
party shall have been duly convicted, shall
exist within the United States or any place
subject to their Jurisdiction.
The treaty, In due course, was trans
mitted to the Senate, with this com
ment, by the President:
I have confirmed said agreement subject to
the action of Congress, inlth. tho reservation,
which I have directed shall be communicated
to the Sultan of Jolo, that this agreement is
not to be deemed In any way to authorize or
gi the eenont of the United States to the
existence of slavery In the Bulu Archipelago.
So the matter stands. It awaits the
settlement that is to come in all the
islands in the Orient subject to the jur
isdiction of the United States,. We
shall abolish slavery and polygamy,
and head-hunting and blood-drlnklhg,
as fast as we can, in all the islands.
But It will cost some effort to get "con
sent of the governed," as It does in all
these cases where olvlilzatlon comes in
contact with savage life. The first
thing to do Is to beat the Agulnaldo
Bryan outfit In our home politics. The
rest will be easy.
The board of visitors to the Naval
Academy recently made an earnest rec
ommendation that the standard of ex
amination to be held for entering that
institution shall be raised in keeping
with the advancement made- In com
mon school standards. This means that
the new standard shall be taken from
the most favorable educational condi
tions, and, If- allowed, will militate
against candidates from the more
sparsely settled districts where the
schools made no such advance as that
which is so marked In cities and more
densely populated regions. The xneia-
i bershlp of students both at Wost'PoInt
and Annapolis Is intended to bestrlcily
representative as to localities; -'it'fc
cited in this connection that there are
mny Congressional districts in the
country in which, for the most port,
public schools are open but four
months In tie year and a still greater
number in which the school sessions
are limited to six months The cadets
from such districts would be at great
disadvantage If the standard of admis
sion were 'raised to meet the advance
of the schools in educational centers,
arid It Is argued that as there has here
tofore been no difficulty In making an
accomplished seaman and naval officer
In the lour years' course out of the ma
terial that entered on the present
standard,, there is no reason foe chang
ing it - There Is a sentiment In this
that appeals to the representative
spirit which Is the basis of our Institu
tions, though .it Is doubtful if it will
have weight with the progressiva edu
cational 'element, of the times.
GLOOMY OUTLOOK IN CHINA.
The offer on the part of the Chinese
Peace Commission to pay $200l1000,00& In
demnity and Imprison Prihce Tuan for
life is probably the utmost that China
oan offer with any reasonable hope of"
performance. The money indemnity is
certainly all that China can pay That
Is the testimony of European men of
'business, like Sir Robert Hart, Who
testify that the revenue of China Is not
large enough to pay more than $150,000,
000 to $200,000,000 without a, large In
crease in the tariff on foreign goods,
which is now 5 per cent. Greatly to in
crease the tariff on foreign goods wotlld
meet with the strongest opposition from
all the powers, so that China's offer of
$200,000,000 indemnity Is all that she can
possibly pay. The proposal to Imprison
Prince Tuan for life may seem small
punishment for his crimes, but as the
father of the heir apparent to the Im
perial throne, it Js probably as much
degradation as it would be wise to In
flict Thfr outlook In China Is very gloomy,
according to the published opinions of
Sir Robert Hart, who knows more
about China and its public opinion than
any European statesman. Sir Robert
Hart has lived continuously at Pekin
since 1S54, and since 1859 has been at
the head of the customs department
and revenue system of China. Sir Rob
ert Hart believes that the Boxer move
ment will ultimately spread through
the length and breadth of China, and
predicts that the time will come when
20,000,000 of Boxers, armed, drilled and
disciplined, will make residence in
China impossible for foreigners. These
Boxers will wrest from the foreigners
everything that the foreigners have
taken from Chlna, Sir Robert does
not anticipate that this situation will
come at once, but Is confident that In
fifty years there will be millions of
well-armed Boxers at the call of tl.e
Chinese Government. If the Chinese
Government continues to exist, it will
encourage and develop this national
Chinese movement Nothing but par
tition under certain conditions or the
miraculous spread of Christianity can
avert the peril, and Sir Robert Hart
does not see how either can be
aohleved. His own judgment is that
the lawlessness of the present rising
must be condoned and the Manchu dy
nasty supported. Even with this set
tlement. Sir Robert dce3 not expect
more than forty years of peace between
China and the foreigner. At the end of
another forty years "our sons and
grandsons will reap the whirlwind" in
China.
This is the Judgment of an educated,
able English man of business, who has
for more than forty years lived at Pe
kin In more Intimate and confidential
relations with the government and
leading statesmen of China than has been
enjoyed by any living foreigner. The
English papers regard Sir Robert's
judgment as warped by his long resi
dence in China and his sympathy for a
people that he believes have been act
ing within their rights in encouraging
and upholding a national Chinese move
ment The facts and the logic would
seem to be with him. There is not the
slightest prospect that Christianity
will replace to any appreciable extent
Confucianism in China; and the parti
tion of China would seem to be out
side the domain of practical politics.
The powers of Europe by their action
admit that they have reaohed this con
clusion. The United States early an
nounced that It wanted no Chinese ter
ritory, and was opposed to the partitl in
of the empire. Russia and Japan have
both disavowed any desire to obtain
Chinese territory, and Great Britain
and Germany have recently agreed that
there shall be no more landgrabblng In
China, and that the policy of "the open
door" In trade shall be maintained.
This action by the powers of Europe
Is confession that the partition of China
is out of the question. Given, then, the
Empire of China maintained in its in
tegrity for another forty years of peace,
and, nothing is more likely than the
expulsion of the foreigner from China,
save from a few leading ports that may
remain open to trade. So firm is the
hold of Confucianism today In China
and so repulsive Is Christianity, with,
its odious doctrine of eternal punish
ment for the ancestors of the Chinese,
that It is folly to expect China to be
come so far EUropeanized In religion
as to welcome the foreigner. The
chances are that Sir Robert Hart's
forecast of the future, of China will
como true within fifty years. The
swelling of the ranks of fh6 Boxers to
20,000,000 will not mean a "yellow peril"
In the shape of an Invasion of Europe,
for the difficulties of transportation
and commissariat are too great to be
victoriously solved. Those who refer to
the fact that Genghis Khan penetrated
Into European Russia forget that these
old-time Invasions were not mere mili
tary marches, but migrations which,
took years for accomplishment There
is no fear that regenerate China will
ever become a "yellow peril" to Eu-i
rope, but there Is fear that Sir Robert
Hart's prediction may come true and
China become a land where no for
eigner can safely reside outside of a
few trading ports on the coast
The United States Government, in
its effort to collect from Turkey Us as
sessment for damages to the property
of American missionaries, illustrates
the difficulty that meets an attempt
to extract blood from a turnip. For
various reasons, good and sufficient, it
has been decided not to back the claim
for indemnity by sending warships to
Constantinople at present Minister
Griscom has been Instructed to treat
the Sultan and his government as a
bad debtor, and directed to call upon
the officials of the empire on the -first
and fifteenth of each month and pre
sent the claim. -This course will be
pursued In the expectation that Abdul
lHamld'WlH get tired, of being Imporv
tuned, and pay the claim in order to
get rid of his persistent creditor. Of
course, more stringent ' measures will
be taken if the Sultan proves obdurate,
but it is not believed that It Will bel
necessary tb send out a fleet tn order
to lJrlng this bad debtor to terms.
Senator Tillman has been admitting
in his speeches -out West that such dis
franchisement of the "negro as Is effect
ed by the North Carolina "grand
father clause" is clearly contrary to
the Federal Constitution, and there
fore void. He has jio doubt that the
United States Supreme Court will so
rule. Senator Tillman Is more' honest
than Bryan who, in addressing, negroes
in a crowd at St. Albans, W. Va., re
ferred to Southern disfranchisement of
negroes and tut a plea In abatement
answered that the Administration was
doing like violence to the principle of
"the consent of the governed" in Porto
Rico and In the Philippines.
Read the qualifications adopted by your own
Administration for voting; In Porto Rico, and
you will Hhd they have an educational qualm
cation there that deprives 83 per oent of the
blaclr men of voUng axe of the right to vote.
Not only this, but they deprive them of the
protection of tho Constitution ot the United
States.
Bryan knows, of course, the discrim
ination against negro citizens in Louisi
ana 'and North Carolina Is not in the
requirement of an educational qualifi
cation for the franchise, for Connecti
cut &nd Massachusetts exclude illiter
ates from, the suffrage, and such a re
quirement by every state would be
strictly Constitutional. XOUlslona and
North Carolina do not exclude Illiter
acy, but only negro Illiteracy White
illiterates are allowed to vote under the
"grandfather clause." Only colored Il
literates, are excluded from the fran
chise, which Is likely to be construed,
as Senator Tillman admits, In violation
of the fifteenth amendment to the Con
stitution, which provides that the right
of the citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by
the United States or by any state on
account of race, color or previous con
dition of servitude." Bryan, hoWever,
has nothing to say against this inequal
ity, which is in gross conflict with his
"consent of the governed" theory. '
Whatever fight there is, in this cam
paign, is in the State of New Tork.
Even if Indiana be doubtful, the con
test there is not Important; for New
York Is the key to all the hopes of Bry
anlsm. Illinois Is certain for McKln
ley. So is Ohio. As to Michigan, Wis
consin, Iowa, Minnesota, the Dakotas
and Kansas, there is no doubt what
ever. Nor Is there, in regard to the
states of the Pacific Coast All will go
to McKlnley. If there Is any contest, It
Is Jn "New York. With New York Bryan
mfght have a chance though he might
carry New York and yet miss an elec
tion. But without New York his
chance is nothing.
While nearly all of the figures relat
ing to manufactured articles show a re-1
ductlon on October 1, 1900, as compared
with January 1, 1900, nearly all figures
on prices of farm products show an
advance during the same time. Corn
shows an advance from 89 cents per
bushel on January 1 to 48 cents on
October 1; wheat, from 73.8 cents per
bushel on January i, to 79.7 cents on
October 1; barley, from 45 cents per
bushel on January 1 to 59 cents Octo
ber 1; hogs, from $40 per 100 pounds
on January 1 to $5 30 on October 1; cot
ton, from 7 Jl-16 cents per pound on
January 1 to 10.8 cents on October 1;
cotton seed, from $12 per ton on Janu
ary 1 to $17 35 per ton on October 1.
The price of silver last month ranged
.higher than for any previous month
since March, 1S97. The index price of
silver has advanced from 51 In Febru
ary, 1898, to 60 in September, -1900. This
Is an advance in two years and a half
of nearly 18 per cent The Increase in
the production of gold for six years is
as follows:
1S03 $157.404.S001600 S202.251.000
1804 181.17o.C00lS97 238.812.000
1893 ...... 198.7C3,OGO1808 287.428.000
The production of sliver has been sta
tionary in quantity during the Bame
period.
Daniel Magone, Collector of the Port
of New York during President Cleve
land's first term, and a distinguished
citizen of Ogdensburg, N. Y., has an
nounced his opposition to Bryan In the
following terms:
I cannpt slve my support to any party, ,no
matter by what name It Is called, rvhlch seeks
to control the Supreme Court ot the United
States. . I was and am opposed to tha Chicago
Dlotform. "erroneously called Democratic, and
of course was and am opposed to the Kansas,
City reafilrmation et that platform and to the
renomlnatlon of Mr. Bryan.
Bryan-tries to wither with his scorn
"those who are so sordid as to talk
about dollars." How fine thlB Is, com
ing from Bryan, who hitherto for years
has talked of nothing but dollars and
now tries to dodge the subject, lest he
might offend gold-standard men! Yet
his platfotm is still for free coinage of
silver.
(,'XHE LIVING ISSUE.
Yet Bryan, After Forcing It Into His
rlntforro, Tries to Evade It.
New York Sun.
Four years ago, when Bryan, after de
feat began his campaign, for 1900, he made
this his leading argument for silver: "The
Republican party declared In its St. Louis
platform for blmetalism. If blmetalism
was a good thing in June of 1SSC, why is
it not a good thing now?"
This powerful appeal to the past Bryan
further Invigorated with the repeated
statement that once upon a time the
friends of silver had numbered among
themselves the Hon. William McKlnley.
What the Republicans did not do some
years ago, is the burden of Bryan's money
speech today.
The great question, however, that is ex
citing the minds of the American people
Is the difference between what Bryan is
bound to do if elected President as a
Democrat and what McKlnley would do
If re-elected President as a Republican.
This is presented by the Democratic and
Republican platforms, of which the for
mer is this:
We reaffirm and indorse the principles of the
National Democratic platform adopted at Chi
cago In 1600, and ire reiterate the dsmand of
that platform for an American financial sys
tem, made by the American people for them
selves, which shall restore and maintain &
bimetallic price level, and as part of sueth
tytem the Immediate restoration ot th4 freo
and unlimited coinage of silver and sold at
the present legal ratio of IS .to 1, without
waiting for the aid or consent of any other
nation.
The Republican money plank -cays;
We renew our allegiance to the principle ot
the rold, standard. We declare oar Steadfast
opposition to the free and unlimited coinage ot
silver.
The Presidential conflict Is joined pri
marily on that question. The Democratic
proposition is in its essence Natl6nal
fraud, charged with commercial disaster
so colossal in extent that the attempt to
measure It Is seen to be vain the moment
It Is -entertained. The Republican plan
Is to maintain the honor and credit of the
United States, to maintain- the monetary
standard by which every transaction in
business the United States over bowev" er
Insignificant has been for years dono and
Is being carried on today, and on which
every industrial venture arranged or con
templated for the future is founded.
In so far as Bryan evades the Issue
that Is actually the touridatldh- and vir
tually the sum of his political life, he is
a political coward- and deceiver. In so
far as he meets It and Justifies It ho
stands ior an act supreme in its folly
and incompatible with the honesty ot
this Nation.
i' i i iii
UNITED STATES GAINING.
Forsrlnff to Front In. -Foreign Com
merce ot Conn try.
WASHINGTON, Oct 30. The manufac
turers of the United States are rapidly
increasing their Share in the foreign com
merce of the country. Nearly oneJhalf
of the importations are now tor their
use and more than one-third of the x
portatlons are their products. Their im
portations during the nine monthes end
ing with September, 1900, amounted to
$23r,0W,000, a dally average of over $1,000.
0C0, while their exports of finished manu
factures in the same -time amounted to
$328,000,000, a daily average ot more than
51.250,000. Never before in the history
of tho country have the manufacturers
imported so much material for use in
manufacturing or exported so much of
finished manufactures.
In the corresponding nine months of
last year the importations of manufac
turers' materials amounted to $242,000co0t
or $40,000,000 less than in the nine months
just ended, and the exports ot manufac
tures amounted to $277,000,000, or $60,000,000
less than In the corresponding months of
this year. In the nine months of 18S6 ena
Ing with September, the Importations of
manufacturers' materials amounted to
$183,000,000, as against $281,000,000 in tne
corresponding months of 1900, and the ex
ports of manufactures amounted to $184.
000.000, as against $338,000,000 in the cor
responding months of 1000. Thus -the man
ufacturers during the four years have ln
creaserd their importations of materials
for use In manufacturing more than 0
per cent and Increased their expor
tation of finished manufactures more
than 80 per cent Manufacturers' ma
terials a decade ago formed but 33
per cent of the total Importations;
noW they form over 45 per cent of the
total Imports; while finished manufac
tures, which a decade ago formed but
18 per cent of the exports, now form
over 33" per cent of the exports.
The following table shows the Importa
tions of manufacturers' materials and the
exportatlons of manufactured goods in
nine months ending with September in
each year from 1SS6 to 1900:
Nine mos. Manufacturers' Manufactured
Ending Materials Goods
Sept. 30. Imported. Exported.
1RS6 $175,880 544 $101,025,414
18S7 190,834,550 98,101,003
,1SS3 ., 175.784,865 99.8-15.972
1889 198,221.115 111,115,263
1890 208,853.767 113.893.554
1S91 225,807,206 126.311.057
1892 219.031,192 111.290.034
1S93 224,491,726 129,998,845
1894 169,201.132 133.378.C09
1895 238.402.550 145.793.834
1896 , 183,752,093 184,807.004
1897 200.510.830 212,478.810
1893 .. ........ 193,482.109 227,822,045
1S99 242,178,074 277.503.C49
1900 281,675,013 333,675,243
Some Figures, nnd a Picture.
PORTLAND, Oct. 31. (To the Editor.)
The impossibility of fooling all the peo
ple all the time was pointed out by
Abraham Lincoln, and It is particularly
hard to dupe them on tho occasion of a
Presidential election. Immediately after
the general election of 1896, and while
Some of the returns were still uncertain.
It was noticed that the McKlnley vote rep
resented the great bulk of the population,
and of the wealth, and of the knowledge '
of the country. It may be of use to re
call the analysis then made. All of that
region bounded on the east by the At
lantic Coast, on the south by the Potomac
and Ohio Rivers, oil the west by the Mis
souri, and on the north by the- Cana
dian boundary, cast a Republican vote.
This solid block of 18 states had 238 elec
toral votes, or 14 more than a majority.
To them must be added California, Ken
tucky, Oregon and West Virginia,
The solid block of states here described
had, by the census of 1590, a population
(in round numbers) of 35,298,000 inhabi
tants, and an aggregate wealth of $41,
717t000,000. The population of all the rest
of the Uniorf was 27,325,000, with a corre
sponding aggregate wealth of $23,620,000,
000. This calculation must be corrected by
allowing for the four states specially
named, which were outside the solid
block. All the McKlnley states had a
united population of 39,441,000 inhabitants,
and an aggregate wealth of $46,453,000,000;
White all the Bryan states had a united
population of 23.182,000 Inhabitants, and an
aggregate wealth of $18,885,000,000. The
McKlnley states of 1896 contained 63 per
cent of the population of the United
States, as against 37 per cent In the
Bryan states. The. McKlnley states
owned 71 per cent of the wealth of the
United States, as against 29 per cent. In
point of average education, the McKln
ley states far excelled the Bryan states.
The result shows that wealth and intel
ligence were on the one side, poverty and
stupidity on the other. The Democratic
party of 10 years ago, with such leaders
as Grover Cleveland In the Nation, and
Lewis L. McArthur In the state, was de
serving ot respect Since then it has
fallen Into deep degradation, with little
prospect of recovery. The party may
now be pictured, without any enormous
injustice, in the vigorous words of an
old writer:
Before this cursed thronp goes Ignorance,
That needs will lead the way he cannot see;
And, after all. Death doth his flag advance;
And, in the midst. Strife still would rag
ing be.
Whose ragged flesh and clothes did well
agree;
And, round about, amazed Horror files.
And, over all. Shame veils his guilty eyes;
And, underneath, hell's, hungry throat still
yawning lies.
A MUGWUMP.
Expansion Democrat Speaks.
EUGENE, Or., Oct 30. (To the Editor.)
Like Hon. W. M. Colvlg, whom I heard
speak here last night l am another Dem
ocrat who "will not support any candi
date for President who is tn favor of
hauling down the American Jlag from ter
ritory won by American valor and Amer
ican blood." Imperialism Is a mere scare
crow and bugaboo. If McKlnley Is an
Imperialist, then so were Jefferson, Mon
roe, Jackson, Polk and Pierce, Democratic
Presidents who all favored Increase of
our territory and did increase It, else
we would not be here, "Where rolls the
Oregon" today. McKlnley followed the
policy of National duty and fulfilled our
obligation to the world and to the peo
ple of the Philippines in retaining" pos
session of those islands instead of turn'
lag them back to be plundered and
butchered by Epiln or by outlaw and
traitor, Aguinaldo.
I am a Jacksoni&n Democrat and I be
lieve that Wm. McKlnley comes much
nearer belbg a Jacksonlan- Democrat
than W. J. Bryan. The reason is this:
Jackson established the gold standard
in this country, while McKlnley Is hi fa
vor of preserving It.
Jackson (together with a Democratic
Congress) by changing the ratio of coin
age from 15 to 1 to Id to 1, brought back
gold, which had been undervalued and
came the standard It has remained so
ever since, except when the war brought
greenbacks temporarily into circulation.
When the gold dollar becime the stand'
ard under Jackson In 1834, the silver coins
became undervalued and went out but
this Was later corrected under Pierce
by changing the amount of metal tn the
smaller silver coins so they would clr
clrculate. Gold can carry silver with It
but never silver sold.
It is but natural that base and scarce
money sllverisra should go with a "run
and scuttle" foreign policy. I favor Jack
son and McKlnley as against Bryan and
Aguinaldo. J. T. S.
BRYANITE CONFIDENCE.
Reason for It Among; the Ncbras
lum'a Follower in Oreson.
A few days ago. the Oregonlan noted
that the Bryanlte State Committee bad
become suddenly and unusually active
and was lining up its strength In Oregon.
The reason for this has Just come to
light The committee has got the idea
into Its head that it can carry Oregon.
The following strictly confidential circu
lar letter. Issued from Bryan State head
quarters at Portland, undor date ot Oc
tober 30, explains all. The Oregonlan
prints it to give it circulation:
Dear Sin It la now only & few days until
election. Our reports from the East all are
very encouraging, and point to Mr. Bryan's
election beyond a reasonable doubt. The only
hopes the Republican party can have of suc
ceeding is through the uio of money, which.
In many places, wUl very likely result In fraud
at, the ballot box. If not watched.
We are now ot the opinion that Bryan can
carry ttie State of Oregon (although we hae
not thoucht so heretofore), and would feel
sure of victory if we knew that all of our rep
resentaUve men In each precinct throughout
the state would take an active interest In the
fight and see that all Bryan men vote on No
vember 6. Our last June election is no cri
terion to Judge the Tesult of this elecUon from.
There were 17,000 registered voters who did
not go to the polls at the June election, and
from the best Information we can obtain we
believe that three out of eery four of these
are on our side and will vote for Mr. Bryan.
We therefore earnestly request that you make
a special effort to hare every Bryan voter at
the polls on election day.
We have over GOO precincts In this state. Tou
will readily see that If a few Bryan men in
each precinct do not Vote It will be a loss of
a few thousand v6tes In the state. We Crust
also that you will make it a point to see thai,
at least one Republican In your precinct
changes his vote, looking especially after the
young men. In this way, It followed up in
each precinct In the state. It will take at least
600 from the other side and add them to the
Bryan ticket, making a change ot the total
result of 1200 votes in our favor, ard may in
sure Bryan's election. McKlnley only carried
this state four years ago by 2117 votes. Prac
tically all who voted for Bryan before will do
so this time. We know of at least 200 In one
county who have changed to Mr. Bryan, and
reports In most counties look very encourag
ing. Tho majority for McKlnley in Portland
will be 2500 less than it was in 1690. This can
be overcome by tho votes from outside coun
ties with active work.
This letter Is strictly confidential. We have
given over three months of our time, free of
charge, to this campaign, hence it Is not ask
ing much of you, and a few Bryan supporters
In your precinct, to give our full time In
special work for the cause on election day.
and a few days before If necessary. Be at the
polls before time to vote on the morning of
election. Bee that the boxes are properly closed,
that everything Is done In accordance with
law, and that no fraud Is perpetrated. Have
some .one to look over the shoulder ot the
Judges and watch the count carefully until the
last ballot Is counted. You can readily fee
what an easy matter it would be for a Judge,
it so disposed, to make a mistake (intention
ally) and read two or three ballots In favor ot
the Republican ticket, which would make a
difference of about 2000 votes in the state. If
done In every precinct.
If all to whom this letter Is sent will act on
these suggestions, there can be no doubt but
that the result in this state will bo for Brjan,
and It is possible that the carrying- ot the
state may be necessary for his election, so let
us do our best. ,i Believing you. will do all you
can, and trusting you will be successful, I
am, sincerely yours, WILL R. KINO.
Chairman People's Party State Com.
There Is one serious shortcoming to this
letter. It does not contain the signature
of-Hon. R, Storey Sheridan, of Rose
burg, the Chairman of the Democratic
end of the Bryan State Committee. It
is barely possible that he does not share
William Rufus King's exuberant Idea
that Bryan will carry Oregon. They say
that his estimates, confldflenjtially made,
of McKlnley's majority, do nob run be
low 8,000.
m
ENGLAND IS MATTER-OP-FACT.
Her People Take Tneir Pleasures
SeriouslyFrance the Reverse.
London Illustrated News.
France Is the Incarnation" of the muse
of history, Inasmuch as she Is never Idle.
Her mode of making history Is distinct
from that ot any other nation, and espe
cially from ours. England makes history
In a matter-of-fact, utterly unhlstrionlo
and utterly non-spectacular way; Just as
her best historians record it in a sober,
Bolid and often the reverse of brilliant
manner. Our Incidents are not magniflea
Into episodes, and our episodes are not
Inflated to the size of conclusive events.
There is not concerted, orchestral accom
paniment to our rejoicings; on the con
trary, there Is much cacophony under the
name of cheering. We are lions who roar
like bulls of Bashan; We are the most ma
terially civilized people on the face of
the globe, who cannot combine to dec
orate a single thoroughfare in a thor
oughly artistic fashion.
On the other hand, there is no yelling
of "Treason!" at tho slightest reverse.
We are, in fact a Btald, unimaginative
oeoole. who -take our pleasures, not
"moult trlstement," as Frolssard had it
but sedately, until our animal spirits
get the better of us and find vent in the
aforesaid bull-of-Bashan roars. , But our
cheerfulness Is, for all that, never ex
hausted, and the largest stock of It Is
reserved for "duty" In the case of mis
fortunes. Our cheerfulness Is the boot
jack of our resignation.
RUSSIA'S GREAT RAILWAY.
It
Completion Will Revolutionise
Travel to the Orient.
London Express.
When the Trans-Siberian Railway has
been completed all the way to Vladivos
tok and Port Arthur the journey be
tween either of these places and Moscow
will, at tho present rate of speed in force,
occupy 10 days, the price of a flrst-claas
ticket, including sleeping accommodation,
being slightly over 120. Shanghai will
be at once brought within 15 days of Lon
don or Paris, instead of 84 as at present,
and the cost of the entire Journey will
be 34 Instead of nearly 100.
In spite of the low rates, the carriages
on the Trans-Siberian line are among the
most luxurious In existence, and comprise
many accessories, bath, library and
piano, only to be found elsewhere in the
special saloons of monarchs or American
millionaires. The Russian Government
will certainly not derive much profit from
Its passenger traffic, but expects to re
coup Itself in the goods traffic arising from
the vast development of the rich districts
through which it will be conveyed.
The peasant of Western Russia is more
and mord coming to look upon Siberia as
a land of promise, and the Government
does everything in Its power to encour
age, rational emigration.
French Llqtaor Doty.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 3L-In reply to the
protest of the French Government
against the action of the Treasury De
partment in again Imposing duties on
liquors and cordials In excess ot the reci
procity agreement the State Department
has replied that, the matter having gone
before the United States Supreme Court
is for the time removed from the field of
negotiation, and the action of the court
I must be awaited hgfoxg Xifptaer progress
N0TB AND COMJl'Knv k
. Have you
morning?
looked for your gate -this
Somebody will get a whole lot ot tele
grams of condolence a week" from today.
Fortunately for the census figures, they
were taken before Ihe opening of the fso.
ball season.
Tha same parado will serve 'next week
as a Republican triumph and a Demo
cratic funeral procession.
Tho New Tork dlvekeeper cannot, see
how "consent of the governed" can b
the policy of Richard Croker.
A candidate is Just as likely to get
ditched If he travels on a special train
as it he employed the ordinary means of
transportation.
"Coercion" consists only In requesting
workingmen to vote for McKlnley. Forc
ing negroes to vote the Democratic ticket
la merely persuasion.
Now that Mme. Bernhardt has suc
cessfully played the role of Hamlet wo
shall expect to see Maude Adams appear
ing in the near future as BUI Sykes
Careful count by a competent person
places the whole number of buffaloes' liv
ing today at only 1024. Dr. William T.
Hornaday says In his book concerning
the buffalo that It would have been as
easy to count the number of leaves In a
forest as to calculate the number of buf
faloes living at any given time during
the history of the species previous to
1870.
At Reading a musical feat Is performed
every day at 7 o'clock A. M.. and at
o'clock P. M.. that Is a decided novelty.
It consists of so manipulating the big
whistles on the robe factory and tho
waterworks as to produce the popular
melodies of the day. On a quiet morning
the well-known rag-time ditties can bo
heard distinctly at Camden, six mites dis
tant Mark Twnin apparently has perma
nently quit the lecture platform. Major
Pond says he offered him $10,000 If hft
would deliver 10 lectures on his return,
home this Autumn. He replied that no
terms would remove his prejudice against
the platform. He lectured once" in Vienna
and once in Budapest for fun, not for
money. He likes to talk for nothing
about twice a year; but talking for money
Is work, and that takes the pleasure out
of it
A young man of unusual eloquence had
been addressing a large audience in Jer
sey City and his theme was the Stars
and Str.pes, and everyone In his audlenca
was roused to a high pitch of enthusiasm.
After tho speech, outside of the building.
someone heard two "kids" arguing over
the address. One sold: "Oh, It was only
a Fourth of July speech; It was all about
de flag." The" other answered: "Well,
what's de matter wid yez? Isn't de flag
all dere Is to It, anyway?"
A teller In a Boston savings bank re
ports the receipt of the following letter:
"Mr. Treasurer of the Bank. I have
writ onct befor to send my munny. If I
dont get It by next Thursday too gether
with four cents postage I will contest it
with my life, sure without fall.
"TIMOTHY SULLIVAN."
As Mr. Sullivan gave no address, and
as the postmark on his envelope could;
not be made out, the bank did- net at
last accounts, know whother he "con
tested It with his life" or not
A really novo! and amusing betls that
between .two enthusiastic partisans of
McKlnley and Bryan In Minden. Neb. la
the case of Bryan's election the McKlnley
advocate is to march to the foot of a.
steep hill which rises for more than a
mile near the city limits. Ho Is to be es
corted by the Republican Campaign Drum;
Corps, by his successful rival and by as:
many of the townspeople as may care
to attend. Arrived at the bottom of tho
hill, the task before the losing poli
tician Is to roll a peanut from the base
to the top of the hill with a toothpick.
He is obligated not to touch the peanuc
with anything but the toothpick, ana
must stay In the beaten road during tho
entire Journey. In case he does not get
the peanut to the hilltop in a single day's
work, he must sleep on the ground un
der guard and begin again in the morn
ing. The same penalty will be paid by
the Democrat If Bryan is defeated.
''
PLEASANTRIES OF FARAGRAPHERS
Justice What were you doing In Colonel Pul
let's chicken coop? Uncle Mose Fo' de Lawd.
Judge, I was Jes takln' de census. Harlem
Life.
A Question. Mrs. Chatterton Cook tells me
she Is going to be married next week. Chat
terton Indeed! I wonder It the young man
thinks he can support her In the ease to
which she has been accustomed tPuok.
Suits Her Jut as Well "Don't you think a.
man a real man ought to ackndwledge when
he Is in the wrong tn an argument with his
wife?' "Oh, I don't know. Qorge never
owns up, but he always goe3 and buys me
something real nice and expensive." Detroit
Free Press.
A Mild Encouragement. "Do you think that
there Is much chance now to make a good
living out of literature?" asked the youth.
' More chance than before," answered the man
with glasses; "especially" If you know how to
set type and correct proofs." Washington
gtar.
Rush for Safety. "I appreciate highly the
offer you are making me, Mr. Hlgglnslde,' the
young woman said, clasping her hands togeth
er, "and if I ask for a. few moments in which
to consider it, in order that I may know my
own heart, believe me " "Ton "misunder
stood me, Miss BJesklnsi" gasped the caller.
"I only wanted to know your political prefer
ences. I am taking a straw Vote of the "Sot."
Chicago Tribune.
Let Vm Smile.
Josh Wink In Baltimore American.
Tho thing that goes the farthest toward Mak
ing life worth while.
That costs the lean and dees the most Is Just
a pleasant smile.
The smile that bubbles from & heart that loves
Its fellow merf
Will drive away the clouds ot goom and coax
the sun again, (
It's full of worth and goodness, too. with
manly kindness blent
It's worth a mtillen dollars and it doesn't cost
a cent
There Is no room for sadness when we see a
cheery smile
It always has the same' good look it's aever
out of style
It nerves us on to try again, when failure
makes us blue;
The dimples ot encouragement are good for m
and you.
It pays a higher Interest for it Is merely
lent
It's worth a. million dollars and It doesn't cost
a cent.
A smile comes very easy yctt can wrinkle up
with eheer
A hundred times before you can squeeze out
n soggy tear,
tt ripples out, moreover, to the heartstrings
that will tug.
And always leaves an echo that Is very Ilka a
hug. H
So, smile away. Fplks understand what' by a
tt.s mfa a mjiUou dftllars and It CoMt cost
umIIa lei wtvt
t.