frr
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TODAY'S WEATHER, Occasional rain;
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PRTJuAND, WEDNESDAY, OCT. 31
ii i ii
THE ARMY AXD THE CAXTEEtf.
""The Canteen" is the theme of the
Prohibition campaign. Some men can
be content with trifles. The Army can
teen, wherever -employed, is an hon
est And practical effort to reduce the
evils of drink among the soldiers. Offi
cers of the Army, who know everything
about the camp and about the life of
the soldier, may well be supposed to
have better knowledge on such a sub
ject than the speculative theorist who,
riding his hobby, becomes a rancor
ously Insane politician, and forgets
everything In the world but his own
little and distorted idea.
The first object of the solicitude of a
commander, placed as our commanders
are In the Philippines, Is the health and
general efficiency of his soldiers. It is
not a violent supposition, we think, that
General MacArthur and the command
ers under him have at least as much
concern about the welfare of their
troops as any of these loose-talking pol
iticians in the United States, at this dis
tance from the scene. General MacAr
thur is doing the best he can, in diffi
cult circumstances. It is common, in
deed, to hear brawlers at home put up
the claim that they know better how
to command an army, how to provide
for it, how to keep up Its efficiency and
direct its operations, than the com
manders in the field; so the present im
pudence is not so surprising. But it is
not the less entitled to censure and
contempt
General MacArthur doesn't want a
drunken, but a sober. Army, and he
does Ills best to minimize the liquor
eviL He doesn't want a diseased, but
&. sound, Army, and he does his best to
-minimize the social evil. Ppr these
purposes ie makes such regulations as
his judgment dictates, under the gen
eral laws enacted for control of the
Army; His troops are in the midst of a
dense population, largely of loose mor
als and largely hostile. "We think there
is no Prohibition politician whatever
who has so much solicitude fpr the wel
fare of these troops, so eager a desire
to maintain their efficiency, so deep a
.eense of responsibility far them or for
the cause which they have been ent to
uphold, as General MacArthur; and,
jnoreover, no Prohibition politician
whatever who knows or cares anything
ebout the difficulties General MacAr
thur has to meet, or would "be com
petent In the least degree to tender him
assistance or advice.
The liquor traffic, the social evil and
other vices cannot be stamped out in
Manila, because our commander must
keep on some kind of terms with the
population; because he must avoid
measures of extreme rigor that would
xaise up the whole body of the people
In enmity against him; because he can
not .maintain places for incarceration
of a great portion of the Inhabitants;
"because, even under military Jaw, some
respect "must be had for habits and
customs of a. people. Root-and-branch
extermination even of their vices can
not be undertaken. Even under "mili
tary law, among so numerous a popu
lation, some regard must be had for
"consent of the governed." General
MacArthur therefore is doing, as Gen
eraVGtls did- before him, as well as
he'cSufin a trying and, difficult situa
tion. It is old history that v certain
evils are aggravated by the presence
of an army; for the drink appetite and
the sexual instinct in soldiers ,(we.
speak plainly) are too imperious for
total" control. What our commanders
are doing is the best therefore they can
do in the circumstances; and we take
their judgment for it in preference to
that Apolitical brawlers at home.
With disappearance of armed resist
ances 'and reduction of our military
forces, with progressive establishment
of civil- law and substitution of civil
process for military force, change of
other "conditions, social and economic,
will gradually be effected. But the
war first must be terminated; and The
Ore,gonian conceives it to be a duty of
our citizenship to support our milltary
forces "in the Islands, rather than in
crease their difficulties by giving aid
and comfort to the enemy there, or by
partisan censure and silly fault-finding
at home.
The only thing that could possibly
elect Bryan is excess of confidence on
the part of his opponents that he will
be defeated. In every state there are
thousands of men to whom a political
campaign is a bore, and who so dislike
politics that they will even neglect to
go to the polls, unless they feel that
the interests of business and govern
ment positively require It But no
man of this sort would ever vote for
jjryan. Many thousands, however, who
would vote against him wHl not take
the trouble, unless they think it very
neceasaryjrand If they suppose there Is
no danger of Bryan's election they will
let their repugnance to participation In
politics control them, and will stay
away from the election. Herein lies
Bryan's only possible chance of success.
Hence the use' at this time of a note
of monition and even of alarm, loud
endugh to wake these persons up and
call them out The Oregonlan never
has asserted that-the defeat of Bryan
Is a sure thing. But lt Is certain he
will Te beaten If all who desire it will
employ the means necessary to accom
plish it. No one has a right to expect
a result, without the use of means nec
essary to produce it. One thing is
necessary to beat Bryan, only one thing
will do It votes.
TAXES AND LICENSES.
Beginning about 1890, the town of
Portland took on metropolitan airs and
expenses, which were enthusiastically
welcomed by the townspeople, but
which involved us in a burden of ex
pense disproportionate to the taxpay
ing ability of property and business.
As the bills come in, the result is dis
tress and annoyance, and the frantic
efforts of various Interests to escape
their share of the levy.
Proceedings have been instituted in
the courts to compel the County Asses
sor to raise the valuation of real estate.
The move is in the Interests of mer
chants whose business has been taxed
by special acts of the Council. Weare
now raising money from two sources
taxation and licenses. Taxation falls
upon property, the most obvious and
unconcealable of which, is real estate,
and licenses fall upon business, which
sometimes is and sometimes is not al
ready levied upon through taxation.
Real estate has suffered from too
heavy burdens, and its protest against
undue taxation has been just Busi
ness has suffered under too heavy bur
dens, and its protest against undue as
sessments, has been just But the rem
edy sought by these warring elements
Is illogical and unpromising. Each
seeks to correct the abuses by unload
ing its share of the burden on the other.
This will not meet the case. No team
of horses ever got out of a mudhole by
each one's "hanging back in hope the
other would pull the wagon out alone.
The town Is in a hole ana must be
got out Real estate can't pull It out
alone, and business can't pull it out
alone. We are loaded down with bills
Incurred In the: Intoxication of the con
solldation era. These must be paid
somehow, and fair rates of taxation
will not pay them. Fair valuations
on real estate and living: licences on
bnxiness vrlll not meet the present
emergency- in JPortland, Valuations
must be too hisrh and licenses mnst
be unjust. Or else we can default on
our bills. Such undertakings as were
within our means and commensurate
with supportable burdens on property
and business did not content us. We
wanted more, and we must pay more.
Instead of trying to shift this accu
mulated burden upon others, the thing
for property-owners and business men
alike to do now Is to plan some way In
which the present city and county ex
penses can be reduced, so that at some
time In the future the burden of ex
travagance may be lightened. Probably
the police and fire departments are run
about as cheaply as they can be with
efficiency. But outside of these there is
hardly an office or department of the
city and county government whose ex
pense should not be cut down rigor
ously. The Improvement of property is
carried on at public expense and tax
payers are systematically mulcted for
support of private litigation In the
State Circuit Courts. To get out of the
hole we are in and to put the commu
nity on an economical and pay-as-you-go
basis is the Imperative duty before
us, which, however, there seems little
disposition to meet The Multnomah
delegation to the legislature numbers
many men of decision and discernment
If they will take the drastic measures
needed for this reformation, they will
earn the approval of citizens generally,
regardless of party.
SOME POUTICAIi ACCIDENTS.
In 1796 Thomas Jefferson lost tne
Presidency and John Adams gained It
by three votes In the electoral college.
A change of two votes In the electoral
college would have made Jefferson
President over Adams. If Presidential
Electors had been chosen as they are
now, with distinct obligations to sus
tain the majority vote of the state, Ad
ams would have been defeated and Jef
ferson elected, for three of the vote.?
cast for Adams were from states where
the popular majority was for Jefferson.
Adams obtained one vote from Penn
sylvania, ne from "Virginia and oue
from North Carolina. In all of thofeo
states the Electors were elected by pop
ular vote, and the majority was In
favor of Jefferson, but the fact that
three Electors voted against Jefferson
JLn disregard of the popular vote of the
state excited no popular condemnation,
as the theory ip that day was that
Presidential Electors should be entirely
free to vote according to the dictates of
their own conscience,
In 1S01, DUt for the aggressive hos
tility of Hamilton to Burr, the Feder
alists of the House would have chosen
Burr President instead of Jeff ersonrnat
because they were friendly to Burr, but
because they wanted to defeat Jefferson
as the leader pf the opposition tthe
Federalists. When Jefferson found that
the tie vote in the electoral college had
carried. the election intothe House, he
wrote Madison that "the Federalists
boasted that they would prevent" an
election and. name a President -of thp
Senate prb tem. by a stretch of the
Constitution." The contest lasted seven-
days, "and on the thirty-sixth " ballot
Jefferson was elected. Burr's friends
charged that Jefferson'secured his elec
tion through fraud and corruption.
Several members of Congress who had
promised to vote for Burr voted for Jef
ferson and were appointed by Jefferson
to valuable public offices. Hamilton
hated Jefferson, but'he hated Burr with
a far greater degree of Intensity. He
wrote Harrison Gray Otis, Theodore
Sedgwick and other leading New Eng
land Federalists not to trust Burr; that
ho was a bold, bad man, who would
disgrace the country. Hamilton made"
it understood before Congress convened
that as between Jefferson and Burr he
preferred the former, and he brought
every effort to bear to defeat BurrT
The election of Jefferson, therefore, In
1801, to the Presidency by the House
turned upon the personal hate of Hanu
Uion for Burr; but for Hamilton's oppo
sition, the Federalists would have pre
ferred to defeat Jefferson and elect
Burr.
, In tho battle -of 183$ between Jok-
son, Adams, Crawford and Clay,, In,
which' there was no choice in the elec
toral college, Mr. Clay was defrauded
of four votes and excluded from com
petition before Congress. The New
York "Electors gave Adams 26, Craw
ford 5, Clay A, andJaeksorf l.'They
had been chosenbythe. New Sbrk "Leg
islature, and had they voted in accord
ance with trfe agreement under which
they were chosen, Clay -would have re
ceived fauEimore. -votes, 'which would
have carried him to the House of Rep
resentatives and gfven him an equal
chance with Jackson and Adams; so
that he probably would havo been
elected by the House rather than Ad
ams, who was only elected because
Clay threw his Influence for him
against Jackson, sot that th,e election
of Adams was assured .by a violation
of a contract made in the New York
Legislature awarding a division of the
electors between Crawford, Adams and
Clay. , ' .
In the Whig National Convention of
1840, Clay was unavailable because he
was a high Mason; General Scott was
dropped because of a letter he had
written, in which he had expressed ap
proval In some measure of the anti
slavery views of that day. But for
the Scott letter, communicated to the
Virginia delegation, It is doubtful
whether Harrison Would havo been
successful over Scott.
We see In these pages of our past
history how the evolution of our poli
tics has gradually eliminated the
chances for miscarriage of the peqple's
choice betwen the polls and the final
election. The man who carries the
electoral vote of the Nation Is certain
to be chosen by the electoral college.
This perfection of popular sovereignty
regarding Presidents must be extended
to Senators, until oustom requires the
legislature to obey the people's man
date as implicitly as is now done by the
electoral 'college. c
CENSUS AND CONGRESS.
Washington's gain over Oregon In
population, shown in the eleventh -census,
continues to be apparent in "-the
twelfth. In 1890 Oregon had 313,000, In
1900 -she has 413,000. In 1890 Washing
ton had 350,000, in 1900' she bas 517,000,
Washington had 37,000 more In 1890 sHe
has 104,000 more in 1900. Oregon's gain
for the decade is 100,000, or 32 per cent
Washington's'- gain for the decade Is
167,000, or 40 per cent.
The reasons foV this divergence are
comparatively well known. The devel
opment of Alaska, with Puget Souud
as the natural point of home connec
tion, has brought many thousands
properly and Improperly within range
of census enumerators'. The high price
of land in Western Oregon, compared
with. the low price of land in Eastern
Washington, has operated to fill up
the latter region, while the former has
remained relatively stationary. Wash
ington has three cities, while Oregon
has but one. Another very effective
reason is that systematic effort has
been pursued by railroads and other
organizations In bringing immigration
into Washington, while little has been
done for Oregon. Washington Is in the
young and growing stage pf statehood,
while Oregon has practically . reached
the stage of the. older, settled commu
nities of the Middle West.
It Is a distinct possibility that one
result of this pensuB will be the gain
of a Congressman by Washington, and
the failure of such gain by Oregon.
Yet this Is far from certain. That is,"
Washington, and Oregon may each be
given three -Representatives, or. they
may be given the present representa
tion of two each in. the new, apportion
ment, These things are settled by act
of Congress, and Congress Is unham
pered as to Its decision. The present
membership of the House is 357, and
whether the number is increased or hot,
a redistribution will undoubtedly be
made, Inasmuch asthe states already
strongly represented are growing more
rapidly than those whose representa
tion Is small. The great states of New
York, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Mis
souri, Texas and Massachusetts, have
gained from 500,000 to 1,500,000 each
within the decade, and they are not
likely to" be deprived of their Increased
representation by weak states whose
delegations would be cut down or left
stationary. .It Is entirely within the
bounds of possibility, therefore, that
both Oregon and Washington should
receive an additional representative
..' ... "i
EXTENSIVE IRRIGATldN SCHEME.
An Irrigation project, the object of
which 1 to reclaim, to agriculture hun
dreds of-thousands' of acres In South
ern Idaho, is, It Is said, about to be
undertaken by a corporation formed
for that purpose. This,' land ls now
practically an arid waste, but experi
ment "has proved that It only needs
water 'to make it enormously pro-'
ductlve. This ..desert waste begins m
Idaho and widens aslt crosses Nevada
and pushes on across the boundary "line
of Mexico. Traces still remain in Ari
zona and NewMexlcQ of a great canal
system which eyide'ntly ,in thej earlier
ages of the continent watered and made
productive vast areas, thqt have, nW
long been devoid of verdure and a'ban
doned by agriculture. It Is not unrea
sonable to supjiosethat a -thrifty a.nd
frugal population was once' maintained
upon these wastes an ideal popula
tion, in that theyywere ab'je to supply
from their -primitive pfforts &t ' tilling
the' soil and gatherl.ng thejr ajopsj suf
ficient forthe needs of a pastoral, con
tented people.
Qf coupe, It Is neither possible nor
desirable to go back to the conditions
of this primitive civilization. ' -But
based upon tfte well-sustained Belief
of Its existence, and that-a. vast hiulti
tude of the human race lived under,, it
In abundance, It Is argued that Irriga
tion may revive the productiveness of
this' desert and and add to it in. the
measure demanded by a later civiliza
tion. Machinery will be applied tb, the
solution of tlils Irrigation problem
where once bare-handed human energy
performed the task. Railway commu
nication will widen the borders of he
tract and place its people In touch
with the outer world. The question Is
not whether moisture applied to .this
soil will make it productive rthe method'
of, .applying the mqisRire to4 he best
advantage, both in regard tV outlay
afcd results, fs alone- under considera
tlon. The "practicability of redeeming
this large; area to agriculture antf all
that follows In itg train is conceded.
The success of the scheme depends
solely uppn the amount of capital that
can be enllsted-dnMfe favor, ' Jl
ThrP are some miehtv Door cartoon .
2tLSlS:??LCZTZ:
ii-tg working on political subjects these
days, Perhaps the moat conspicuous
are th.se working, ptj Hearst's .Uiree
journkate.-vdneric em-jOpperr-is-dealfc
ttiui in grecti aiyie in i,ue juuiiiui ire
makes sketches for the San Francisco
Examiner by Ambrose Blerce. The
sarcasm Is fine". Opper is "depleted as.
one "conducting his' joyous, existence
as a nomad "In. .t,ho' 'desert of our Na
tional vulgarity." Further, says Blerce,
"when I pointed, opt 'What I conceived
to be our newspaper cartoonist's Intem
perate exaggeationIn" caricature, he
might have done better than to write
a schoolboy essay op, the necessity of
exaggeratlonjn carlca'tuce' Thetruth
Is, this whole excess in caricature is
disgusting and deplorable.
," i - ;.
The Insanity' of orowds was appal
lingly Illustrated in London Monday,
when In the mad rush to welcome tlc
City Imperial Volunteers on their re-
turn from South Africa all semblance
of order and decency was J.ost, and the
casualties rph the streets exceeded1 those
of the,-twenty ;six engagements with
the Boers in- which the.,returnmg regi
ment hadpartjefpated, . Such an "exhi
bition oWnsanlty, In an English crowd,
is not new,, though in thlB case it was
extremely violent! t It W recalled In this
connection that"1 In the' ovation tendered
ta'-Loi-d, Wellington :upo his return" to
London, after" his successful campaign
against Napoleon, a-nuraber of persons
were trampled to death and many were
injured 'By ' the victory-maddened
crowds that surged about the chariot
of the great warrior. The person' "Who
makes oue inr a demonstration of .this
nature sjfands for the time being, upon
the- perilous, ground where savagery
and clylUzation meet and battle fiercely
for supremacy. Civilization will, of
course, trhnhph.'in the end, but, as in
other battles, the dead", of the fray must
be. burled a.nd ihe wounded borne 'to
hospitals It. fs simply this that 11-cense--
finds Its opportunity and law
lessness Its excuse at attme when rul
ers are in" "a congratulatory mood, and
gobcTmen give he sanction to the mov
ing forces of popular, enthusiasm.
The East Oregonlan is authority for
the i statement that the stockmen of
Umatilla County will haye a very large
number of beef cattlp to market next
Spring. ..Having learned frqpi-the. ex
perience' of former -years 'that it Is not
aaf e 'to jtrulsl tflone o'the i'angesln the
whter,' cattlemen are. weft" provided
witlvvhay and such protection from the
possible blizzard as even well-fed cat
tle require to make them fit for the
early Spring market. The old method
of letting, stock take Its chances, on the
range was found to be exceedingly
wasteful, to say nothing of Its Inhu
manity. It took more than one hard
Winter to demonstrate this fact, but it
was finally accepted, and the loss of
stock on the ranges' through cold and
starvation has practically ceased.
The. Sau Francisco Examiner says:.
"The life of the 10,000,000 propertyless
voters is hard enough at best Mr.
Bryan proposes to make it a little
easier. Should not the disinherited 10,
000,000 vote with enthusiasm for
Bryan?" The whole statement of
Bryanlsm is here. Are. there ten mil
lions of propertyless voters? And if
there are, and they 'are a majority,
would It be. wis.? in them tacast their
votes so as to, compel the minority
who havejSQine property to divide with
theni?" If this is to be the rule of
American-life, the small property will
be -no more -secure, than' the large. la
there a"nyMdisinherited,f class in Amer
ica? None, except such as may be un
willing tQ. work and save teir money.
Such ."disinherit" themselves.
The law against storing or keeping,
explosives In dny quantity within cer
tain carefully prescribed l'mlts was
clearly violated by Tarrant & Co.tirugr
gists, of New York. Otherwise, the late
terrlfie explosion that , lifted brick
buildings of seven stories bodily from
their foundations- and reduced them to
huge piles of rubbish could not have
happened. The catastrophe of fire,
wreck and loss of life incident to this
explosion is appalling, and suggests
with ah awful emphasis the need of
constant honest and intelligent vigi
lance In handling, scoring and guard
ing the chemical combinations that
human Ingenuity has upon occasion
harnessed to the car of progress,
1n the 'great sound-m,oney parade in
Ne-fl' York, on November 3, it fs expect
ed that 37,000 men from the wholesale
dry goods trade" will march, '& striking
evidence of the strength of that arm
of New York buslnesB, Tho paper
trade -vvlll b'e 'represented by 20,000 or
25,000 men, the clothiers by 2500, the
drug, oil and varnish trade by 7000,
tjhe millinery and flower trades by 4000.
the Produce Exchange by 4.000, and tho
real estate trade by 2500. General busi
ness will be suspended on that day,
thus, emphasizing the earnestness with
whlclr the greit factors In the world of
trade approach an election 'upon the
Issues of which hang prosperity or de
pression In business.
Secretary Root In a brief speech re
cently delivered In Ohio, made an ad
mirable statement He said that tho
government .of the Philippines will not
affect the character of Our institutions,
but that the character of our institu
tions wlli determine and mold the gov
ernment of the Philippines.
1 r
..No Good Reason tor a Change.
, Chicago Tribune.
There have been times in the history
of this country when for its sake a
qhange in Administration was most desi
rable. There have been times when there
was so much business distress that busi
ness men felt justified in voting for a
qhange, not always sure it would help
them: much, but certain that matters
could not bo made worse. Today, how
ever no sensible man wishes a change,
for 'it ,is imppsslble to see what can be
gained by it. No sensible man wishes
to discharge competent and generally
satisfactory Government officers merely
because they have been in ofllc for nearly
four years. This year the sensible men
aire In the majority, and there will bo no
anange. The man on' the atract-car
Who is for change without a why or a
wherefore will vote for Bryan, along with
themen whq are going to vote for him
because they favor a change In order to
break down the currency or f o "introduce
mob rule or to pet tha ofnees for Demo
crats. There are not enough of themt
hoWeverf to make the change.
--Down In "Nor 3allny.W
Tbey ire fljnging lots of mud in the
North Carolina campaign. Strange to
say, this mud-slinging is by. Democrats
at Democrats and by Bryanites against
Bryanites, But the Presidential" canvass
is, not jutting much figure there. The
excitement is- all over - who shall be
chosen United States Senator at the No-
yPraber primaries.. Some Democrats
feared that the flgkt .may affect the
Presidential ticket. Efc-Governor and ex.
Senator Jarvis has withdrawn, and this
has irlyen great eatisf action to the other J
candidates, -,who aro. Chajrman.F. II-
summons, or. tne aiaie cnmmuwi . "ji
Gpnera Julian's. Carr, the rich .tobacco
manufacturer. Simmons and Carr are
leading in the race, and their frlenaa are
filling the Ipcal newspapers with viru
lent remarks, about the "other fellow,"
The content has become so bitter that it
has been suggested that all the candi
dates be, dropped and the Democrats
unite on the Governor-elect, Charles B.
Aycock, In order to preserve public re
spect. THE GRANDFATHER CLAUSE.
North Carolina ?Difranchlement
May Dc Unconstitutional.
Justice John Woodward at the Phi Delta. Fhr
Club In Nevr York.
'North Carolina, to the extent that sho
has established an educational qualifica
tion for her suffrage is clearly within the
limits of her Constitutional and natural
rights, as much as Maine or Colorado;
she might have gone further and pre
scribed a property qualification, or that
the-voter should have paid taxes, or that
as In, Virginia, he should have been free
from dueling In any capacity, either as
a principal or acceFsory, and there would
have been no Constitutional ground en
which this action could have been ques
tioned.. When, however, she went be
yond this, and excepted from the opera
tion of. this qualification men who, with
batter opporfunitles than have fallen to
the lot of the average man of color In
the South, have giown up In Ignorance,
she Impugned her own good faith, and
conceded that the object was not the im
provement of the Intellectual standard of
hor voters, but the exclusion of a class
on account of '4race, color or previous
condition of servitude." It Is an effort to
accomplish indirectly what Is forbidden
to bo done directly, and is as Clearly a
violation of the, Constitutional provision
as though it had mentioned the- race, color
or previous condition of servitude of the
class atralnst whom the exception Is so
obviously directed.
No negro was permitted "to vote prior
to 1S67 in the State of North -Carolbia,
with the possible exception of a few free
men of color, whoso right depended upon
emancipation from a previous condition
of servitude. He was denied this privi
lege .on "account of race, color or pre
vious condition of servitude." The white"
man, on the contrary, was permitted to
vote at all times, and to permit the de
scendants of these voters to continue to
cast a ballot, regardless of , their educa
tional qualification, while the restriction
applies to the progeny of the unfortunate
race, Is so palpably an effort at evasion
that it Cannot deceive any one familiar
with the facts. If this amendment, as
said by the United States Supreme Court
in the case of United States v?. Reese (93
U. S. 214), "prevents the states or the
United States from giving prefer--once
in this particular to one citi
zen of the United States over an
other on account of race, cplor or
previous condition of servitude," It has
clearly failed in Its purpose If the excep
tion clause is permitted to stand. But it
cannot be permitted to stand. The court
in the .case just cited declares: "If citi
zens of one race having certain qualifica
tions are permitted By law to voto, those
of another having the same qualifications
must be. Previous to this- amendment
there was no Constitutional guaranty
against this discrimination; now there is.
It follows that the amendment had In
vested the citizens of the United States
with a new Constitutional right which is
within the protecting power of Congress,
That right is exemption from discrimina
tion in the exercise of the elective fran
chise on account of race, color or previ
ous condition of servitude. This, under
the express provisions of the second sec
tion of the amendment. Congress may
enforce by "appropriate legislation.
Whether this power is exclusive in the
Congress, or whether the courts may Intervene-
and declare so much of the
amendment as excepts from Its operation
persons whose ancestors were permitted
to vote prior to 1867 to be void, it is not
necessary now to consider. That there is
a way of reaching this matter, and of se
curing to the negro the Tights of which
the State of North Carolina has attempt
ed to deprive him, is not open -to doubt;
at least the state cannot be permitted to
have two different quallflcairns for elect
ors who are citizens of the United States,
and if the educational qualification is
majntalned It must ba enforced equally
against the "vyhlte man and the- negro.
When this is done no one outside of the
State of North Carolina will have a right
to complain, and comity and public policy
alike demand that beyond a vindication
of the Constitution we should refrain
from interfering under any pretext what
ever. MONEY SCARCE IN RUSSIA.
At Preent BuHiiifetin Can Be Done
Only on the Baals of Loner Credit".
A correspondent of the New York
Evening Post 'writes very Intelligently
froni Warsaw concerning the general
business situation in Russia. What he
says of the financial conditions now pre
vailing Is particularly Interesting and
pertinent;
"Money is very tight in Russia at pres
ent and rates are enormously high, 10, 12
and evn 15 per- cent being paid in this
city. Five causes are given by local
financiers for this 'tightness': (1) The
rapid (almost too rapid) developments of
industry: (2) the Introduction of the gold
ataridard; (3) the building of the trans
Siberian railroad; (4) the war with China;
(0) land speculation. The) purchase of
factory, sites, building materials and ma
chinery on such a scale as has existed Jn
Russia during the past few years of
necessity locks up a vast amount of the
floating capital, and It will be some time
yot before thl3 returns to circulation in
wages to the worklngmen and in prod
ubts. While recognizing the advantages
of the gold standard,- it is impossible to
deny the fact that the peasants in Rus
sia still regard gold as a treasure, and.
whether in coin or jewelry, Treat It as a
treasure lock it up. A few years ago
gold became the standard Russian cur
rency. At present there Is a great scarci
ty of this metal in th empire, due, ac
cording to com authorities, to this
hoarding by the peasants, to the Spmish
Amerlcan War, to the Transvaal War, to
tjhe pending Introduction of the gold.
sifinaaro. in -vusxria, ana to tne wun
drawal to Germany of large sums of
money from the local banks In the king
dom. There is really not enough money
in the country to transact Its business.
1 "This is the cause of the immense
amount of traffic that is carried on hero
on a note basis. It is impossible to
transact any business of any considerable
size on a cash bisis. Russian dealers ask
six, months' credit for all good? bought.
And Just here comes In what I am per
suaded, after talking with American Con
suls and many business men. besides a
number qf commercial travelers from
England, France and Germany in various
parts of Russia, Is the point which de
serves the most careful consideration by
American, merchants and manufacturers
who arc aiming at trade with Russia.
I can say, on absolute authority, that tho
groatest obstacles in the way of the ex
tension of American trade here is the un
willingness of American merchants to
accommodate themselves to the ways of
Russian trade, particularly to the credit
system,"
i
English Postal Saving Increasing.
London Express,
As long 'as England herself remains sol
vent it Is intpossible for the Postofllce
Savings Bank to be Insolvent. As the In
terest paid to depositors Is 8 per cent
the "profit" on the Poatofflce Savings
Rank should again figure in the accounts
of the Chancelldr of the Exchequer as It
did to the tune of I,500,-O00 during the
years 1S75-95. But whether the "bank
makes si "profit" or not people with
small savings will ba wise if they put
every penny they cart get into It It la
the greatest and most trustworthy bank
ip tne world. It has 13,000 branches and
its clients' are increasing' at the rate of
400,000 very year,
"A. FOE- OF SOCIAL' ORDER "
New York Independent.
The descent of Mr. Bryan since his
visit to his birthplace in Salem ha3 be n
continuous and unrestrained. It may te
that in Salem he began to foresee his Im
pending defeat and to taste the bitter
ness of it In that place he uttered th3
reckless indictment of the leaders of the
Republican party:
. They -will buy every vote that can be bought
They will coerce every vote- than can be co
erced. They -will Intimidate every laboring:
man who can be Intimidated. They will bribo
every election Judge who can be bribed. They
wIU corrupt eve.ry count that can be cor
rupted. Raving thus laid aside the dignity and
decency with which a candidate for t.e
highest office In the Republic should te
clothed, he descended through all the de
clining stages of evasion, sinister agita
tion and demagogic appeal to the pas
sions of the ignorant, until at the end of
two weeks he had become the guest and
admiring companion of Richard Croker.
Still denouncing "predatory wealth," he
joyfully accepted tho hospitality of the
organized political banditti of New Tork.
crying out: "Great Is Tammany, and
Croker Is its prophet!" Four years ago
Mr. Bryan came to what he called "the
enemy's country," and read before a
great audience a labored esay upon tne
freo coinage of silver. Tbla timer he care
fully avoided the sfiver issue, althour h at
his own demand and with tho assistance
of Croker Jt had been retained In the plxt
form. "He knew that thero was nothing to
be gained by chanting the praises of re
pudiation and a 50-cent dollar in this
"center of population and Industry." He
had learned that lesson. But he cou'd
at least excite the Interest of his audi
ence by denouncing that imperialism
which, by his own admission, he had pre
served for usa as apoIItical Issue by rre-1
venting the rejection of the Paris Treaty;
by attacking the trusts that were so fb
noxlous to Croker and the Van Wyck
sitting beside him on tho platform and
by repeating those adroit appeal to tve
passions of the ignorant which had hen
the most etrlking features of bis public
addresses- since his visit to Silem.
It Is by these appeals to envy, these
attempts td excite unreasonable d scon
tent, this repeated exhibition of the arts
of the demagogic agitator, rather tmn
by his avoidance of the currency ques
tion, that the real character of Mr.
Bryan and his unfitness for offics have
been clearly disclosed during the lat two
weeks. Those who read his brief ad
dresses to the people during his jouncy
from the West and in the course of hi3
more recent tour through the Stite cf
New York will see how he sought to ar
ray the poor against the well-to-do. strlv
lng to excite the resentmerit of farmers
where farmers seemed to be a majority,
seeking to Inflame the wor kinsmen
where these were assembled before him,
and everywhere laboring to convince the
men to whom he was speaking that thoe
who had more of this world's goods were
robbing and enslaving them. "You aro
not getting your share," said he to tie
farmers. "Your employers aro rich be
cause their profits are great' r th3n
yours," was hla saying to the wrklrg
men. "You calinot go to the Summer
resorts: the poor are taxed for the bene
fit of the rich," Always thero wai tht
assertion or the Insinuation that those to
whom he spoke were suffering from tle
injustice and greed of their employer?, or
the Government; always the Implied
promise that workingmen should beemo
rich, that the poor should go to the wat r-lng-placea,
and that all these wrongs
should be righted. If the people wou'd
only make Bryan President "All mo
nopolies shall cease to exist within a
year," said he at Spencerport "it I'm
elected." Why did not some one remind
him of that memorable promise of Jrck
Cade:: "There shall be in England seven
half-penny loaves sold for a penny; th'
three-hooped pot shall have 10 hoops,, a-d
I will mako It ' a felony, to drink small
beer." Fortunately, such attempts to stir
up class hatred and provoke social tu
mult must foil In a time of prcaperity.
where the people ore- endowed -with com
mon sense, although In a period of severe
depression some disturbance mlbt oe
caused by them; but the Preside" t'al
nominee engaged in this despicable work
must be judged by his own folly end
wlckednesT rather than by the good sense
of those who decline to be moved by him.
Not less severely to be condemned aro
Mr. Bryan,'s assertions that the party now
In power desires a large Army in order
that It mav ba used to coerco working
men when they ask for shorter hdura and
arbitration. This he has rrpeatrd with
wicked emphasis in many places. If Ire
be judged by this nlone, are not hli oll
purpose and his unworthlness for any of
fice clearly shown?
If Mr. Bryan had been content to dis
cuss the questions of the campilgn with
a soberness and dignity befitting a can
didate for the great office for which h
has been named, he would not now stand
before the American people as a foe of
social order, a promoter bf dangerous dis
sension, and an adroit and slippery dema
gogue. He has chosen now to appear in
these roles. Therefore It becomes tho
duty of all'good men to work for his de
feat, and to make that defeat so over
whelming that it shall be his political
burial.
GREAT BRITAIN LOSING TRADE.
In the Indnstrlnl Competition She la
Being- Left Behind.
London Express.
The time Is come when it may be asked
whether we, as a manufacturing nation,
have lost all sense of the initiative that
formerly distinguished us beyond the other
nations of the world.
.A broad survey of the existing industrial
field rovaals a prospect not very flatter
ing to the pride. of an Englishman. We,
tho sea power,, now look to Germany for
records of sea speed's. From the birth
place of mechanical locomotion we must
go to France and the United States for
examples of railway speeds and efficiency.
In electricity we are mere humble Imita
tors, since scarcely any Important modern
development In this all-pervadinff Indus
try bears an English name. We are, It
Is true, making some feeble efforts to
keep up with our neighbors in the great
coming manufacturing Industry' electro
chemlcs but he who seeks for guidance'
in this practically unexplored field must
go ro Nuremberg or to Pittsburg to find It
We are still predominant In the cotton
industry, but It is simply a question of
time when this Industry will forsake us
for its natural seat the Southern States
of America, and the Indian cotton fields.
Are we, then, in danger of degenerating
into a" nation of brokers, depending for
our -commercial existence on the capital
left us by the exertions of our forefath--crs?
POPUIATION RECORD OF TWO
STATES.
Oregon
Washington.
I860 13.294
IS60
I860 52,455)1800
1870 90.023
lfiSO , 174.76S
IS70 23,955
1830 , 75416
IS .,.... 315,1671890
349.390
1900
4l3,&33j
517,673.
i!!"!!i!!!I!l 11.594
im ..w
,a n'0FE AA'D .COMMENT..
Nail down your gate this afternoo.nl
We wish the. 1L policemen on the night
watch Joy this evening.
The Kentucky motto Ms: "If abfir3ty;u
don't convict, try, try again."
Six days in November Bryan will laboc
and do all his work, and on the seventh
he will rest. r .
'Truth Is stranger than fiction, and
doesn't stand half as good a chance of
being- believed.
The atmospheric conditions indicate
that the deficiency In precipitation is per
ceptibly diminishing.
In one respect Oom Paul is truly great
He has not consented to write for ansj
of the yellow papers.
A Chicago highwayman stole a prayer
book the other day. He probably found
that It filled a lonff-felt want
Even If that chunk of ics had h't Hanna.
It could never have made him look like
the newspaper caricatures of him.
When Hon. Richard Croker gives a pot
latch in honor of a visiting candidato
tho sincerity of hi3 friendship will not
be questioned.
Roosevelt may not be any the better
for his tour of Colorado, but if there are.
sermons in stones he certainly had a fliw
opportunity to become so.
The people of New York may not be
able to change the Tammany tigera
stripes, but theyvwtll knock the spots
off of Bryan without difficulty.
One of the witnesses In the Powers trial
says he lied to convict Powers but If he
lied then he may have difficuJty to prove
that he isn't lyinr now. He certainly
never 'will be able to- make his new story
go in a Kentucky court
The weather of late has not beqn tho
most favorable Imaginable for ripening
strawberries, but still remarkably fine
looking berries as to size and color con
tinue to be supplied the markets. The
only objection that can possibly bo urged
against them Is the price 30 cents a box.
Under existing conditions It is not easy
to get up an appetite for strawberries at
that price. People who are fond of these
berries v. Ill do well to feast on them while
they may for if the rainy weather con
tinues for a few tv celts, and should tiiea
be succeeded by frost the strawberry
harvest will probably come to an end for
this season.
Some total abstainers in England, rec
ognizing that there are cases in whicta
the prompt use cf some sort of a stimu
lant Is not only Justifisd, but peremptor
ily demanded, have devised and are
strongly urging the general use of &
"temperance substitute for brandy." The
prescription calls for equal parts of tinc
ture of ginger, sal volatile and chloric
ether. Noting this, the Lancet points
out that tincture of ginger is almost
pure alcohol, that sal volatile Is mora
than three-fifths alcohol and that chlorlo
ether is 93 per cent ncohoI, so that, while
brandy contains 50 per cent of alcohol,
the "temperance substitute for brandy
has 83 per cent of alcohol, and is.
doubtless, almost twice as efficient aa
brandy, either as stimulant or intoxi
cant. An organization of 20,000 veteran vot
ers, whOse average are exceeds "three
scoie and ten," is asl3tlng the Repub
lican State Committee In Indiana with
work In behalf of McKlnley and Roose
velt Over half of the members of this
unique organization are veterans of tho
Fremont campa'gn ho have joinad the
Fremont-McKlnley chib". The rest of tha
enrollment is made up of the Lincoln
McKlnloy clubs. One rf the members ofl
this Indiana or-sanhntten has voted for
President already 10 time and expects
to cast his 17th Presh'cn'l-l El-ctors bal
lot for "McKlnley and Rooxovolt." O. A.
Demmg. a Valparaiso member, was ono
of the men who helped to capture Jeffer
son Davis. Another bclorgtd to the mil
itary guard of honor over IVnceln's grave
at Springfield. 111.
PLEASANTRIES OI? PARAGRAPHERS
Mm. Partlelrh I ousht to ask Tlttleton. I
lenowt but I'm atraM II he cornea hero pnea
ha'U bo coming all tho tlreo. Partlolgh Wa
coulrl aak him somo ovcnlnr whfn Bertha la
ilolns hqr piano practice. Boston Transcript.
A "tt'arm Reception. "So Bronner 1b the only
one In your nMs;hbf nt who has hla coal In,
eh?" "Tva. and w.e tell him he'll have to glvot
a bouac-w armlnsr b and uy and lhvlto ua alt
In." Philadelphia Evening Bulletin.
An UnCortnnate Occurrence. tuclnda What
stahted dj row at do station' Mollnda Dt
vulffah Jim Johnslnc went little too fan.
Luclnda Hot;j dat' JtoIInda Why. ho
trowed a hull rice puddlns at de groom! Puck.
An old ladr Tho Is ery much of a bor
paid a visit to a family of her acqualntance.
Sho prolonged her stay, and finally raid to one
of the Qhlldren; "I'm golnj away directly.
Tommy, ard t want you to ro part of the way
with me." "Can't do It. We arp going to.
have dinner as soon oa you leave," replied
Tommy Tit-Btts.
Mr. G. Ormandlzer (itrussl'ns to carve tha
first turkey his wife has ever cooked) Say
Mary, the bons In this bird are thicker than a.
shad's just har the knife rrlt. Mrs. G. Or
mandlzer (almost crylnp with anxiety) You
must bo against the shell. John. "Shells?""
"Yes, John: don't you remember that ydu.
anked me to stun the turkey with oy3torar
Brookl j n Life.
Feminine Dlnlomaey "How do you got on
with your new neighbors?" "Very nicely,"
answered Mrs. Blyklna "We pursued our
usual programme, and aa soon as they moved
In sent over and asked to borrow their wash
tubs, flatlrons, gas stove, and baby grand
piano." "But. you havo all such things your
self." "Of course. What I wanted to do if"
to head them off." Washlnston Star.
m
A "Wnllc In October.
Martha K. Williams In Hartford Time
We walk along the -village street
And cross the deep racoway, fi
To cek the woodland's still retreat
This brlzht October day.
Wo pass tho orchard trees aglow.
All scarlet, green and" gold. .
Their gnarled branches bending low
With weight of fruit untold.
Oh. fair the mountains' purple haza
And bills of amethyst.
The shocks and shocks of yellow malxaw
By golden sunbeams kissed.
And stubble where tha buckwheat grer-
Is pink aa evening: skies.
Whllo from the meadow asters blu
Look up with starry eyes.
Far on tho uplarfd where the brook
Flows gently as wo go.
In many a wild sequestered nook
The btuc-frlnged gentians grow.
There sunflowers gay (we know, tha frost
Will dim their brightness soon).
Yet still by Autumn breezes tossed
They bloom this afternoon.
Tho chestnut leaves are falling downj
Upon tho path In drifts.
And ripening nuts lie still and brown
Where sunshine- softly sifts.
Some bright-eyed squirrels anxious peer
From branches up above
To watch us shyly aa we near
The treasures which they love.
No song of Summer birds we- haar,
But bluejayn screaming shrill.
And blackbirds chatt'rlng sharp and clear
The woodland niches All.
Now crickets chirp as night apace,
"Oets down her dusky shades.
And Cylng shadows swiftly chas
The Btmllsht aa it fade.