THE MORNING OREGOKEAKf FRIDAY, SEPr'EEMBEB 1, 1900.
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2ORTLA3TD, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 7.
OFFICIAL MAN IS BUT HUMAN.
IA. man Is a man whether he is a pri
vate citizen or an officer of government.
'Government has no essential charm
Jwhereby a member of it may acquire
upernal wisdom. A public servant is
"liable o error, and his mistake reaches
farther than that of the private indl
viduaL In general, men apply as much
-discretion to business as they possess,
5ut they do not do it as officers of gov
"exnment but' as individuals.
The average man conducts his busi
ness with as much foresight as human
-limitations allow him. He devotes his
Whole existence to one end, and it Is
seasonable to presume that he con
'serres the economic Interests of society
Pin. Ids individual function. As a mem
'2)er of government he could do no bet-5-ter
and probably would do worse, be
cause personal incentive would be, in a
'.measure, at least, diminished. It is not
certain that he could distribute the re
sources of society in a more equitable
"manner In a public capacity, but It Is
almost certain that he would not. Be
cause private enterprise pays is no ar
snment in itself for public ownership of
lhat enterprise; rather it is a negative
argument. Government monopoly must
"he undertaken for other economic con
teideratlons and for the sake of im
proved public convenience.
The fact that a private Industry
makes money does not prove that the
Industry would make money under gov
ernment direction, or that the change
would lessen the burden of taxation.
It is not conclusive to say that all pri
vate profits are illegitimate until we
have investigated whether they are in
commensurate with services rendered,
whether in general they are wasted,
and whether the public actually could
conduct the particular business 'with
equal or better economic efficiency. In
the presence of daily circumstances, It
Is not easy fo show that the public or
ganizers of industry ever will be less
extravagant than now, or that they
ever will be more judicious than now.
So long as there is individual property
there will seem to be Inordinate profits.
There is only one thing that will re
move the spectacle, and that is com
munism. On the other hand. It is safe to as
sume that a man knows more about his
own business than about his neigh
bor's. He is a better conserver of that
business than his neighbor would be,
tccause he has been educated to it,
takes Interest in it, and is familiar with
Its every detail. He focuses it to the
utmost economic efficiency that is with
in human power. Until men have dis
covered something better than men to
jgrulde tner activities there will be mis
takes and dissatisfaction. They have
not discovered that something yet, for
it is not government
CONGRESS AND THE CENSUS.
No aspect of the census of 1900 is
more interesting than its bearing on
the composition of Congress: Our
strides in population manifest at least
two specific tendencies whose effect on
iHouse representation will be momen
tous if not startling. One of these ten
dencies is the growing ascendency of
'the "West over the East, and the other
Jis the Increasing political power of
cities.
Preliminary figures of the census
show that within thirty of our cities
-reside a sixth of our entire population.
Even this considerable fraction falls
short of the whole impressive truth,
"because many of our large cities have
not yet passed through the "consolida
tion" stage, and others have included
only such outlying districts as are near
est the center. New Tork, Boston, St,
Xiouls, Kansas City, Omaha and Pltts
1ur,g, for example, have large suburban
populations not included in their mu
nicipal census, but whose numerical
strength will be available for Congres
sional representation and whose char
acteristics are essentially urban. Chi
cago will gain one and perhaps two
.Representatives, and so in all probabil
ity will Indianapolis, Toledo, Cleveland,
Milwaukee and Detroit If Oregon gains
a Representative, the new district will
probably belong almost wholly to the
City of Portland. The Democrats are
elready figuring on gains In the 58th
Congress as a result 6f Increased rep
resentation of cities.
Some hint of the changes in relative
political power of East and West may
be gathered from previous apportion
ments. The table illustrates the change
in twenty years:
1S70. 1S90.I 1S70. 3600.
TIalne ....... 5 4 Ohio 20 21
2s. Hampshire 2 2iIlllnois 10 22
Vermont 2 2lndlana 12 IS
3Ias'chus'ti,ll 13t Wisconsin 8 10
Connecticut .. 4 4Mlnnesota .... 3 7
Rhode island. 2 2jlovia ......... 9 11
Total 20 27 Total .51 M
Popular impression ascribes some
Constitutional restriction upon the ac
tion of Congress. There is none, regard
ing either the cutting down of repre
sentation for decadent or stationary
populations or the total number of Rep
resentatives of which the House shall
be composed. Under the census of 1840
the membership was reduced from 240
to 223. It did not reach the old figure
again until I860, when the number was
243. The next Increase was large, to
293, followed by 325 in 1880, and 356 In ;
1890. States have suffered loss of repre- j
sentation. Maine -was cut down from
8 to 7 in 1840, from 7 to 6 in 1850, from
G to 5 in I860,' from 5 to 4 in 1880. In
1830 New York had 40 Representatives,
but only 34 in 1840, 33 in 1850, 31 in 1860.
New Hampshire was cut down in 1850
and "Vermont in 4870. Nearly all the
Southern states but Missouri and Texas
have suffered losses at one time or an
other. It is evldentv that reduction of
representation will be so strenuously
resisted that Congress will be fain to
increase membership from growing sec
tions and let it alone in stationary dls
tricte.4 The result will be to crowd Rep
resentative Hall Incontinently. Per
haps we shall yet see in use Speaker
Reed's scheme of benches instead of
desks.
THE SCHURZ ROAD TO PROSPERITY
Advocacy of Bryan on monetary
grounds by gold-standard men affords
a unique and diverting array of evi
dence and logic. The latest fulmlna
tion is from Carl Schurz. His Idea is
to vote for Bryan and the gold stand
ard because a Republican Congress is
responsible for whatever legislation
was passed at the last session of Con
gress, and for whatever legislation is
not passed at the coming session. Vote
for Bryan and honest 'money because
whatever opportunity exists for him to
work mischief after he is in will be
through virtue of shortcomings in Re
publican legislation. Vote for Bryan
and gold, because other men have
helped make the opportunity he craves
to overthrow the gold standard. If you
want prosperity, the best way to get It
is to elect a man whose purposes are
all disastrous, but whose success in
ruining business, if be achieves it will
have been made possible through de
fects in measures designed to maintain
the gold standard.
Then we have the equally unanswer
able arguments of Chairman Jones and
of Bourke Cockran. Mr. Jones says
Bryan can't overthrow the gold stand
ard because "there Is no very consid
erable stock of silver in the Treasury
available for such a purpose." And
Mr. Cockran declares that the "com
plexion of the Senate is such that
whether Mr. McKlnley or Mr. Bryan be
elected the Democrats will be without
power and the Republicans will be
without disposition to disturb the ex
isting standard, at least during the next
Congress."
It Is a waste of time, perhaps, to an
swer these arguments seriously, as
Mr. Gage does so effectively In the let
ter printed yesterday morning; to show
that the laws admit of the gold stand
ard's preservation under a friendly ad
ministration, but give dangerous lati
tude into unfriendly hands; that a
steady supply of silver will be availa
ble through the Treasury's income;
that concessions to silver have been
wrung from the gold-standard majority
by silver men whose votes were essen
tial to the passage of any kind of a
reform bill; to show the Indefensible
double-dealing of those who upbraid
the Republican party for its efforts on
behalf of the gold standard and also
for Its failure to establish It more stead
fastly. These things may be conceived
as wide of the purpose.
The point to keep In sight is that
these men, at large as honest and sane,
offer the country as Its hope of progress
the arch-conspirator against financial
honesty and industrial order. Do you
want your sheep-fold guarded? Well,
here Is a wolf, whose claws are reputed
to have been extracted, and one or two
of whose most dangerous fangs are
known to have been broken pff by that
doughty shepherd whom we warn you
to beware of. Do you want your chick
ens tended? Well, here Is a hawk
whose beak is out of repair. Have you
treasure to guard? Then let us recom
mend this robber, who may possibly
not be able to get Into the vault, as
he has lost some of his tools. He Is bet
ter than the watchman who has kept
him at bay for four years, for has not
the watchman upon two occasions been
seen to nod? Do yu need a pilot for
your ship of state? We have here a
pirate king who is sworn to run the
vessel on the rocks, but he may not be
able to do so, as the steering-gear is
thought by some to be out of order.
He is preferable to the present pilot,
who has egregiously erred in not hav
ing removed the pirate king from all
capacity to harm.
Vote for Bryan, therefore, and the
gold standard. He will do all he can
to overthrow It, but it Is doubtful how
much he can do, and if he does over
throw it, it is not his fault but the
fault of those who have not utterly de
stroyed his power for harm. To re
suscitate the apparently drowned, im
merse the patient In water. For ex
tinguishing fire, pour on kerosene. For
burns and scalds, apply vitriol. If you
really want to sober up, drink this pint
of whisky. It is not nearly so strong
as it might be, and besides McKlnley
should have broken the bottle.
The situation In China is not altered.
Everything depends on the final decis
ion of Russia. Russia says that the
rescue of the Ministers having been ef
fected and the Chinese authorities fled,
she proposes to retire from Pekln and
resume negotiations whenever China
shall have re-established an authority
with which other governments can deal.
To this proposition, which probably
was tentative, rather than final, on
the part of Russia, the United States
replied that our government believed
the best course Is for the powers to
remain at Pekln until a government Is
organized, but If Russia insisted on
withdrawing from Pekln, the United
States urged the withdrawal of all the
powers. The United States said that
while it did not think Russia's decision
to withdraw was the best course to be
pursued, nevertheless the United States
would withdraw its troops from Pekln,
"unless there is such a general expres
sion by the powers in favor of contin
ued occupation as to modify the views
expressed by the Government of Russia
and lead to a general agreement for
continued occupation." The United
States proposed to withdraw from Pe.
kln the moment It became evident that
there was no longer harmonious con
sent of the powers at Pekin or In with
drawal from Pekin. Russia has only
forced an expression of opinion from
the powers1 by the announcement of
her views. If the replies of the pow
ers lead Russia -to revise her judgment
and modify her action, then the powers
will remain at Pekln; but if Russia
persists In withdrawal and the United
States does like'wlse, the rest of the
powers will be compelled by the situa
tion to withdraw or assume the respon
sibility and dangerous consequences of
their refusal. It is not likely that Ger
many, even with the support of Great
Britain, would persist In remaining at
Pekln after Russia and the United
States withdrew. Russia is the real
arbiter of the situation, lot her with-,
drawal, followed by that of -the United
jStates, would probably fprce'the other
powers to retire. JfJRussIa remains, all
the powers will remain; If Russia per
sists In retiring to the coast all "will
probably retire.
THE DIPLOMACY OF RUSSIA.
The action 'of Russia in proposing to
withdraw from Pekln Is in perfect line
with her Chinese policy In the past.
Within the last half century Russia has
acquired about 500,000 square miles from
China, including her present practical
possession Of Manchuria. She has done
this without making war; she has
peacefully absorbed all this territory
with the acquiescence of China. In
I860 after the retirement of the Anglo
French expedition from Pekln, Russia
obtained the concession of the left bank
of the Amoor River and of the terri
tory on which Vladlvostock now stands.
This concession amounted to 170,000
square miles. In. 1878 Russia restored
Kuldja to China, but a dozen years
later obtained' by treaty the Pamirs,
from which Russia has a gorid point
of departure if necessary against the
Anglo-Indian frontier of Afghanistan.
Russia requited China for her com
plaisance in these concessions by stop
ping the Japanese advance in 1894-95,
and, with the assistance of Germany
and France, indorsed the Chinese loan
for $80,000,000, and Jn 1896 Russia agreed
to defend China for the future and
gained the right to traverse Manchuria
with railroads" and to exclude all other
foreign railroad concessions from North
China. Without any formal annexation
or even leasing of Manchuria, Russia
has secured the right of way for a
great railway, whose two stems end at
Port Arthur and Vladlvostock. New
Chwang is practically a Russian port;
Russian soldiers to the number of 26,000
were stationed along the line of this
railway from Charbin to the Liao Tung
Peninsula, and 160,000 laborers were
brought in and put to work.
Until the Manchu rising, this Spring,
Russia has never fired a shot on Chi
nese soil. She has always sought peace
in China and nevertheless has always
obtained as much Chinese territory as
she wanted. This Dolicy of seeklnit
peace and quietly absorbing territory
by the tacit consent of China has al
ways been the habit of Russia, and no
wonder she resumes its practice at the
first opportunity. She has a deal of
Asiatic astuteness In her diplomacy,
and has always worked her will with
China, because she understands how to
manage Asiatics and is willing to
hasten slowly toward her end in view.
There Is much plausibility In Russia's
argument for speedy withdrawal from
Pekln. In 1860, when the Anglo-French
army entered Pekln they found a situa
tion almost identical with that which
exists today. The Pekin Government
had violated International law by firing
on the naval escort of the European
Commissioners proceeding to Pekln tov
ratify the Treaty of 1859; and also by
treacherously taking prisoner Mr.
Parkes and other diplomatic repre
sentatives, two of whom were mur
dered and the others subjected to
torture. The reigning Emperor, hus
band of the present Empress Dow
ager, had fled to Jehol, a remote place
In the mountains beyond the Great
Wall. At that time the Emperor was
less supreme in his authority over
China than Is the Empress Dowager,
for since 1853 the leader of the'Tal Ping
rebels had proclaimed himself Emperor,
had established his court at Nanking
and was master of a large portion of
the Yangtse Valley. Nevertheless Eng
land and France recognized the author-,
lty of1 Prince Kung, the brother of the
Emperor, to represent the fugitive,
guilty Emperor, and treaties were rati
fied In the latter's absence and these
treaties have been observed 'for forty
years.
The only region In which the Chinese
Government Is called upon to re-establish
its authority and comply with the
obligations of international law is prac
tically confined to the Province of Chlh-
11, and to Manchuria. Order has been
maintained throughout the great Yang
tse Valley and In ihe whole of Southern
China. Under these circumstances the
powers ought to be able to make peace
with Prince Chlng or LI Hung Chang
as soon as the principal whose agents
they are shall exhibit willingness and
ability to restore and maintain order in
China. If the Empress Dowager is still
stoutly backed by the great Viceroys
of the Yangtse Valley, she would doubt
less be able to restore order, provided
she would agree to grant the just de
mands of the allies. If one of those
conditions should be the abdication of
the Empress Dowager it would prob
ably be impossible to enforce it except
by a general Chinese war, for the great
Viceroys, including LI Hung Chang,
seem to be still devoted to the Empress,
who, however guilty, will probably re
pudiate all responsibility for the Pekln
outbreak and at the same time consent
to make any pecuniary reparation
asked for the recent violent outrages of
International obligations at Pekln.
Russia probably does not doubt the
guilt of the Empress, but argues that
so long as she is supported In her au
thority by the great Viceroys of China
the only practicable road to peace is to
accept the situation and make the best
of it, just as the Anglo-French expe
dition did in 1860. If Russia is deter
mined to withdraw, supported by
France, Japan and the United States,
Germany could not probably afford to
remain at Pekln, for the Chinese fleet
is probably a match for all the war
ships that Germany could place In Chi
nese waters. Austria and Italy would
not be permitted by the other powers
to interfere. It looks as if Russia's
withdrawal, if she persists in her pres
ent determination, would force the
withdrawal of Germany, for at present
Geimany has not troops enough at Pe
kln to maintain herself. Japan holds
the key to the situation. If Japan
should side with Germany, Pekln could
be held. But Japan will follow Eng
land, and England is not likely to stay
at Pekln If America and Russia both
withdraw, for England wants peace
with China for the sake of trade as
soon as possible.
If the semiofficial announcement that
the President has decided to appoint
General Chaffee a Brigadier of the reg
ular army, vice General Wheeler, re
tired, is confirmed, public opinion, both
within and without the regular army,
will commend his action, for General
Chaffee has earned his promotion by
able, long and valiant service. He was
the ablest soldier of the Santiago cam
paign, and for nearly forty years has
been a faithful soldier In garrison and
field. He is a graduate of the ranks
and of the Civil War, like so many
others of the leading officers of the
Army, for of all the line and staff Gen-
erals only two are graduates of West
Point General Ludlow and! J. M. Wil
son. This is due to the fact that the
men whoare now ,at the head of the
Army list are men who filled up the
reorganized Army at the close of the
Civil War, coming from the volunteer
officers who had risen to distinction and
who could not be decently refused rec
ognition. But this situation 'will be
completely altered in a few years, when
the vast majority of the graduates of
the Civil War will be on the retired
list The next vacancy on the list of
Brigadier-Generals will be made by tber
retirement of BrigadIer3Generai Henry
C. Merriam in November, 1901.
The South's Interest in expansion is
a body-blow to anti-Imperialism in that
section. Many Southern statesmen have
seen the force of the facts, and have
come out for expansion. The straits
into which the1 emergency drives the
thorough-paced anti-imperialist are ob
vious. Almost the only way out of it
is to deny that the South has any In
terest in trade expansion, or that the
Orient will supply markets for- trade.
This is, in point of fact, the horn' of
the dilemma heroically embraced by
the Baltimore Sun, thus:
Expansionists who expect to find in China a
market for Southern cotton, coal and Iron, aro
Indulging In hopes as iridescent and as unsub
stantial as tho soap bubbles wnich the chil
dren blow In their play. They may as woll
talk of finding a market in China for the rice
of Louisiana or the tea of South Carolina. We
shall much sooner begin exporting coals, to
Newcastle, which, notwithstanding the prov
erb, does not seem beyond the bounds of future
possibility, than we shall find in China tho
market which our over-sangulno and Ill-informed
expansionist friends are fondly antici
pating for the surplus products of the South.
The history of Oriental trade in the
laBt few years completely oversets thiB
theory of anti-imperialism. The only
logical position for the true anti, there
fore, Is to deny the facts.
The National" Civil Service Reform
League has sent out a searching let
ter to the chairmen, of .both the Re
publican and the Democratic National
Committees, calling for aid In observ
ance of the civil service law forbidding
assessment of Federal office-holders for
partisan purposes. The Impartiality of
the attention deserves commendation,
and yet It gives a distinctly grotesque
Impression'." Of course, Chairman Jones
will Immediately forbear assessment of
all McKlnley postmasters, collectors,
receivers, registers and department
clerks, In aid of the Bryan campaign,
and he will doubtless profess to , see
no reason why Chairman Hanna should
not do likewise. Mr. Hanna's sense of
humor may doubtless be depended upon
to keep him from taking the alleged
equality of position too seriously.
Even the Populist-Democrats defend
themselves against the Imputation of
16 to 1. They say there is no -danger
of changes in the financial laws unless
Bryan majorities are elected to Con
gress. That Is to say,, we are safe In
voting for Bryan, because tie won't be
able to do any damage. We don't want
a President who can't do any damage,,
but one who can do some good.
If the blanket ordinances not doing
any other good, It Is opening the eyes
of those who did not pay faxes. before
to the extravagance of our- municipal
and county systems. When Teal prop
erty bore the burden, the .extravagance
did not seem sa great. When every
body has to bear the burden, the ex
travagance seems greater.
More than 15,000 names have been
dropped from the official voting list of
the City of Boston, and two-thirds of
them are from Democratic wards. More
than 1600 names In ward 6 Vere voted
on last December whose voters could
not be found In May 'at the addresses
given In the voting list in December.
Elsewhere appears an appeal from
Good Samaritan Hospital, which de
serves the generous attention of all who
are able to bestow cf their plenty to
worthy objects. The good example of
the Elks should be, and We believe will
be, widely fqllowed. "
Lincoln said something like this:
"You can fool' some of the people all
the time; you can fool all people some
of the time; but you can't fool all the
people all the time." Maybe here is
the secret of Bryan's success with some
of the people.
Searching; for the Missing Link.
London Standard.
Professor Haeckel, of Jena University, is'
about to start for Java In search of Pithe
canthropus erectus. Not every one has
heard of that object, and many who heard
have forgotten it; but under the name of
"the missing link" it made sensation
enough four or flvo years ago. Long ago
Darwin suggtsted, as a hypothesis, that
man, as distinguished from the apes,
made his first appearance In the lost con
tinent of which only Java and the Malay
countries remain all the. rest being sub
merged. This view has found continually
more acceptance, ever since among biol
ogists. They were not exactly surprised,
therefore, -when Dr. Eugene Dubois, of
the Dutoh Army, announced in 1S94 that
he had discovered bones in Java which
wer neither human nor simian, but with
characteristics of each. By express per
mission of the Dutch Government he
brought them to Europe for exhibition be
fore the International Congress of Zoolo
gists, at' Leyderi. Very lively was the
discussion over them. But their age could
not be disputed, nor indeed any ot the
faots which Dr. Dubois alleged; his con
clusions only lay open to comment The
remains, however, were simply Dart of a
skull, two teeth and a thigh bone; that
they belonged to an individual was a mere
supposition, for they lay separate, at no
Inconsiderable distance, one from another.
Whether convinced or no, the savants
agreed unanimously that somebody ought
to make further excavations in tho same
neighborhood; and at length Professor
Haccl-tel is going to undertake the enter
prise. No one Is better qualified in all re
spects, and for all the distraction of wars
and rumors of war the issue of his search
will be awaited with deep interest
Mr. Dooley on the NefirreProhlem.
"What's goin' to happen to-th naygur?''
asked Mr. Hennessy.
"Well," said Mr. Doo'ey, "he'll" ayther 1
have to go to th' North an' be a subjlck
race, or stay in th' South an be an ob-jlck-lesson.
'Tis a har-rd time he'll have,
annyhow. I'm not sure that I'd not as
lave be glntly lynched In Mississippi as
baten to death Jn New York. If I was a
black man I'd choose th' cotton belt in
prifrlnce to th' belt on th' neck fr"m th'
pollsman's club. I wud so.
"I'm not so much throubled about th'
naygur whin he lives among his oppres
sors as I am whin he falls into th hands
iv his liberators. Whin he's In th' South
he can make up his mind to bo lynched
soon or late an' give his attlntion to his
oher pleasures lv compo-ln' rag-time mu
sic on a banjo an' wurrukln' f'r th' man
that used to own him an' now on'y owes
him his wages. But 'tis th' dlvvle's own
hardship f'r a coon to step out lv th'
rooms lv th Society fr th' Brotherhood
Iv Ma-an where he's been r-readln' a
pome on th' 'Future ly th Mokey an' bo
Dursooed be a mob lv abolitionists till he's
dtirlVen to seek po Is protect,lon,i which,
Hlnntssyf Is th poil'te nme f'r fracture
lv th' skull.
"I was f'r sthrlkln eft th' shackles lv
th' slave, me la-ad. 'Twas thrue I didn't
vote fr it, beln' that I heerd Stephen A.
Douglas say 'twas, onconstltootional, an'
In thlm days I wud go to th fiure with
anny ma-an f'r th' constltootlon. I'm still
with It, but not so sthrong. It's movin'
too fast f'r me. But no mathen Anny
how, I wa3 fr makin th' black ma-an
free, an' though I shtud be th' South as
a.spcortln' preposition, I was kind lv glad
In me heart whin Gln'ral Ulyss 8. Grant
bate Gln'ral Lee an' th' rest iv th' Union
dfflcers captured Jiff Davis. I rays to me
silf, 'Now,' I says, th coon 'II have a
chanst f'r his life,' says I, 'an' In due
time we may lnjye him,' I says.
"So there ye ar-re, Hinnissy. An what's
It goln' to come to, says ye? Faith, I
d".on't know an' th naygurs don't know,
anr be hlvlns, I think If th' "lady that
wrote th' piece we used to see at th'
Halstcd Sthreet opry-libuse come back to
earth she wudden't know. I used to be
all proke up about Uncle Tom, but cud I
give him a job tlndln' bar in this here
liquor store? I freed the slave, Hinnissy,
but faith, I think 'twas like tur-rnln"
him out iv a panthry into a cellar."
"Well, they've got to take their
chances," said Mr. Honnessy. "Te can't
do anything more f'r thim than maka
thlm' free.' '
"Ye can't," cold Mr. Dooley, "but
whin we tell thlm they're free they know
we're on'ly sthrlngin' thlm." Copyright,
1900, R. H. Russell.
COAL EXPORTS.
Shipments Daring the Tear
win
Amount to $20,000,000.
WASHINGTON, Sept 4. Exports of
coal from the United States during the
year 1900 are likely to reach $20,000,000 in
value, against $10,0(0.000 in 1896 and ?'Jt000,
000 In 1890. The figures of the Treasury-
Bureau of Statistics show that the ex
ports of coal from the United States dur
ing the seven months ending with July,
1900, are 50 per cent In excess of those
during the corresponding months of last
year, and double those of the correspond
ing months of 1898. In the seven months
ending with July, 189S, the exports of coal
from the United States were 2,376,451 tons;
In the same months of 1899 they were
8,006,032 tons, and In the corresponding
months of 1900 they were 4,601,755 tons.
During the period from 1890 to 1SO0 the ex
portation of coal from the United States
has quadrupled, but the principal growth
has' been in the years 1SS8, 1899 and 1900.
While this growth Is observable in the
exports to all parts of the world, t is
especially marked with reference to our
exports to the American countries. To
British North. America the exports In the
seven months of 1898 weTe 1,788,898 tons,
and in the seven months of 1900, 3,253,803
tons. To Mexico the exports In the seven
months of 1898 were 243.93S tons, and In
the corresponding months of 1900. 415,834
tons. To Cuba the exports have more
than doubled, bting in the seven months
of, 1898 114,655 tons, and in the seven
months of 1900 241,712 tons; while to Porto
Rico the exports Increased from 2621 tons
In the seven months of 1898 to 15,313 tons
In the seven months of 1900. To the Ha
waiian Islands the exports of the seven
months of 1899 were 10,381 tons, and in
the corresponding months of 1900, 21.001
tons, thus more than doubling in a sin
gle year. To the Philippine Islands the
exports In the seven months of 1898 were
4810 tons, and In the seven months of 1900
41,063 tons, or eight times as much In
19(Xf as in 1S9S.
The experiments with American coal
which the Europeans have made within
the last two or three years seem to have
proved successful, as the exports to Eu
rope, which" In. tbc8even months of 1893
amounted to only 4507 tons, were in the
corresponding months of 1900 278,572 tons.
Of this. 187 tons went to the United King
dom, 4028 ton's to Germany. 77,407 tons to
France, and 196,950 to other European
countries.
The following table shows the exports
of coal, quantities and values, in the
seven months ending with July In each
year from 18S9 to 1900:
Quantity,
tons.
189 945015
1F90 1.096,824
1F91 -. 1,430.796
1892 1.4S6.E33
193 1,99,314
1894 1.902,879
18S5 1,994,731
1896 1.965..-07
1897 1,90.535
1898 2,375.451
1899 3,006,082
1900 4.601,755
Value.
$ 3,407,025
3.827.727
5,018,719
5,078.810
6,823.?62
' 6,190,382
5,806,506
5.797,847
5.670.789
6.386,150
7,663,2S9
13,137,161
The following table shows the exports
of coal from the United States to the
principal countries of the world during
the seven months ending with July of
1898 and 1900:
Seven months of
1S98.
1900.
Tons.
77,407
4,028
187
196,950
3,253,03
415,8'4
241,712
15,313
188,810
3,182
38.9FS
10.643
56,184
21.001
41,065
l.Sll
29.116
Exported to Tons.
France ,
Germanv
United Kingdom 2,400
Other Europe 2,107
British North America. l.fF8,S
Mexico 213,918
Cuba 114.F55
Porto Rico 2,631
Other West Indies 141 56
Santo Domingo 1,471
Brazil 13,169
Colombia
S.fiSS
Other South America...
Hawaiian Islands
Philippine Islands
Other Asia and Oceania
Other countries
9,773
'4S;6
24.760
12,460
Totals
2,375.451 4,601,75a
The Confederacy's Dissolution.
In all Southland there Is perhaps no
more Interesting house than Is to be Been
In the quaint, aristocratic, flowery little
town of Washington, in Wilkes County,
Ga., writes Mrs. Thaddeus Horton, of
"Romances In Some Southern Homes,"
in the September Ladies' Home Journal.
It Is known far and wide as Heard House,
taking Its name from Stephen Heard, tho
first settler of Washington, later a Gov
ernor of Georgia, who reached there after
a long journey from Virginia on Nev
Year's day, 1774. He camped his family
on tho spot where Heard House now
stands, and afterward he built a fort of
defense against tho Indians. The first
dwelling erected on the ground, however,
was a large, woSden structure known as
the tavern of Captain John Williamson,
whose gljrls were famous Georgia beauties,
courted by half tho young squires in the
state.
In 1865, just prior to the capture of Jef
ferson Davis, what is known as the last
Cabinet meeting of the Confederacy oc
curred In Heard House. The room In
which the discouraged Cabinet Ministers
sat is at the rear of the second story,
and has never since been used. For
many months what little money the Con
federacy had was kept In the old bank
vault on the lower floor. The vault Is
there today, and is doing duty as a milk
and butter closet. Mrs. Mulligan, who at
present occupies the house, is a descend
ant of the original Heard family.
Commercial Expansion vii. Expansion
Walla Walla Union.
President McKlnley Is a commercial ex
pansionist. His policy for four years
haB been to build up the country and to
extend Its commercial Importance. Ho
has been in favor of building up our for
eign commerce, and has looked upon tho
trade of countries of the far East as the
most remunerative within sight. To prop
erly care for and develop this trade it
has been deemed necessary to have our
own American vessels and to have our
own ports in the Philippines, from which
we could reach out after the trade of
China and the other countries contigu
ous thereto. This policy has been opposed
by Bryan, who has denounced all efforts
to hold the Philippines and has opposed
every effort mado by Jtne Republican
party to assist in the upbuilding of a
merchant marine.
Governor Rogers now comes out as a
Democratic candidate for Governor, and
after swallowing and Indorsing all the
heresies of Bryonlsm says that he Is tn
favor of commercial jexpansjon, e aiso j
says that he is opposed1 to the policy
of defending the flag, which has been at
tacked, in the-Philippines. In other words,
he can. b& only understood as savins'
that he is-opposed to having any soldiers
in the Philippines'. Yet he pretends he
Is a commercial expansionist.
How does Rogers Imagine that we can
build up and protect the foreign trade
we may succeed In securing against thf
protest of the other world powers, who
are working in their own interest just as
hard as we are in ours if we do not
stand ready to defend and protect the
flag which Is supposed' to protect our for
eign commerce? How does Rogers flguic
that ho can oppose the policy of advancet
ment on the one hand and favor It on
the other? Does he think the Wash
ington voters are such numbskulls that
they do not understand that in standing
on the Bryan platform he Is opposing
commercial expansion and American
progress? Does he think the voters of
this state can not see through the thin
gauze that he is attempting to hold up
before them? Other Democrats have at
tempted to straddle public questions In
this state before, and the result has in
variably been that they were elected
to stay at home and fool the housecat
Governor Rogers will not be an excep
tion to the rule.
What Is a BossT
The boss Is a man who concerns himself
with politics, and with partisan politics;
so much Is clear, says Francis C. Lowell.
In the Atlantic. That there are many
partisan politicians who are not bosses Is
equally clear. Again, a bo3s is not the
same thing as a bad or unprincipled poli
tician. Though It ware admitted ttat
Bryan, for example, 13 as bad and unprin
cipled a politician as his worst enemies
habitually represent him. yet he would
not therefore be made a boss.
A boss is not only a partisan politician,
that is. one concerned with partisan pol
itics, but he Is a political machinist, that
is, one concerned with the machinery of
political parties. Many politicians are not
political machinists. In England, indeed,
while nearly every public man is a parti
san politician, few of the leading publ'c
men are political machinists. Mr. Cham
berlain is. or Is supposed to be, a rare
exception to the general rule. In this
country. Messrs. Red, Edmunds. Blaine,
Bayard, Thurman, all partisan politicians,
and none of them wholly igriorant of par
tisan political machinery, yet were not
political machinists, as was Mr. Tllden.
for example. None of them could have
properly managed his own campaign in
an important popular election, as Tllden
could and did manage it. No one of the
men first mentioned was a boss, or could
have been; their lack of training as po
litical machinists forbade; but Tllden.
though a most accomplished machinist,
yet was no boss.
Unappreciated Folitcneaa.
Morning Olympian.
A good one Is told on P. D. Moore, of
Olympla, who was In Seattle last week
as a delegate to the Democratic state con
vention. Mr. Moore Is always very polite,
and Is somewhat of a Chesterfield himself.
In the convention hall the Olympian came
upon James Hamilton Lewis, whom ho
greatly admires. The Colonel was the
center of a group of admirers politicians
and Mr. Moore endeavored to show his
admiration for the Colonel. Bowing al
most to the floor, with much reverence,
he expressed himself something like
this: "Most gracious monsieur. It gives
me great pleasure to again meet one who
has attained almost world-wide reputa
tion in so short a time."
Colonel Lewis did not seem to take
kindly to Mr. Moore's expression of
praise, and he declared, as he grasped the
old man's hand: "It ha3 always been
my misfortune to get the glad hand and
the marble heart."
The Thurston County, delegation was
present, and has since had a great deal
of sport Joking Mr. Moore on his greet
ing to the dude.
aiEN AND WOMEN.
M. Jules Verne, whose name was once one to
conjure with, is reported at work upon, a new
book of travel. Ho Is in his 73d year.
Stephen Crane's posthumous novel, "The
O'Ruddy," is not to be finished by Robert
Barr, as was at first announced, but by Mrs.
Crane.
The Rev. Charles M. Sheldon, author of "In
His Steps," is said to be preparing to write
a novel on tho liquor question as he observed
It in England.
Tora, the Japanese wife of Sir Edwin Ar
nold, has become one of the most popular
hostesses In London. She speaks English per
fectly and with only a slight accent.
Tht German novelist, Paul Heyse, possesses
tho faculty of forgetting- his stories almost as
soon as he has finished them. He claims that
h-r fortcettlnff his stories his mind Is left
clear to receive new Impressions.
Among Mr. G. W. Steevens effects were six
unpublished articles on South African experi
ences, being typewritten copies ot articles
which were sent out of Ladysmith and lost.
They have been .published in the London Mall
since his death.
The German biologist, Haeckel, intends go
ing to Java to study certain foast! remains, the
discovery of which has greatly Interested him.
The fossil bones are said to approach more
closely to the "missing link" than anything
heretofore known.
Dr. Georso Robertson Sinclair, organist of
Hereford Cathedral, England, has been award
ed the greatest musical prize but one that
Birmingham can bestow. He has been appoint
ed conductor ot the Festival Choral Society,
succeeding the late Dr. Swinnerton Heap.
Tho eminent German oculist, Richard Lleb
relch, who has lived in London since the
Franco-Prussian war. recently celebrated his
70th birthday. He is the author of several
scientific works, amonr them one In which he
claims that the peculiarities In many of the
pictures bjJ famous painters are due to defects
In tho vision of the painters.
Cornelius J. Simmons Is but 13 years of ago.
but ho Is vice-president ot the Collins Park
Railway Company, of Atlanta. Ga. He has
been employed by the company for some time,
and not only attends to many of the duties of
his office, but Is Also practical enough to be
able to operate his motor cars, and has worked
upon them both as motorman and conductor.
His father is at the head of the company.
The Fading: Line of Bine.
Mrs. Galusha Anderson in Chicago Post.
Come, darling, stand with me a. while.
That through the window we may view,
With eager eyes that weep and smile.
Once more the fading Use of blue;
The fading line of blue, my dear.
That once stretched wide and far.
As though the sky were dropping near
And every flag a star, my dear.
And overy flag a star.
Ah! see how brave they march along
A drum. a. riddled flas or two.
A fife that shrills a battle song.
Some ancient coats that once were blue.
And some have empty sleeves, my dear.
And somo limp faint and slow.
Come, groet them with a hearty cheer,
Salute them as they go. my dear,
Salute them as they go.
For I have stood to seo them pass
In other, sadder days than theso.
"When blood was red upon tho grass
And bullets felled the forest trees,
"When dread clutched at my heart, my dear.
Lest freedom's self might diev
And to that last heartbreaking fear.
They were Gcd's best reply, my dear,
They were God's best reply.
For those you see below us there
Ah! scan their passing faces well
Have borne, eaeh man, heroic share
In war's dread cyclone, shot and shell ;
Have proved, their stainless faith, my dear.
Their deathless courage, too.
Salute them, love them, and revere:
They bled for me and you, my dear,
They bled for mo and you.
Though all tho world Is changed today.
The sun shines bright, the Has floats free,
And all the past is swept away
By glory and prosperity,
Tour heart must not forget, roy dear.
All that you owe tho heroes who
Brought back full-handed peace and cheer.
gaiuto the line of blue, my dear!
Tb0 fading-Jlne of bluol,
KOrE AND COMMENT. . '
Let's take another census today.
If you don't think there are 30,000 visi
tors In town, count 'em.
" The Dalles elka were, all wooL and a
few of them were a yard wide. ,
Tho members of the Ice trust are sucfc
of courso for the reason that heat causes;'
expansion. t
The present epidemic of cross eyes la
due solely to the fact that the clrcusi
has three rings. ,.
Graver Cleveland's voice" Is still for;'
Bryan, so still In fact that even Chalui
man Jones hasn't heard It. .
Senator Clark is reported to be wllllnsj
to bet heavily on Bryan. He Is one of the,
few men Who can afford to.
It is reported that Oom Paul Is again,
on the run. If he keeps on he ought sooo
to meet Agulnaldo coming the other way
Bryan's quotations from Lincoln do not
Include the one about the lnadvl8ablllty
of swapping horses in the middle of a.
stream.
When Andree has been discovered, per
haps some explorer can be induced to
go look for Agulnaldo and the Empress
Dowager.
It wa3 Hanna's pernicious activity la
the last campaign that makes the Demo
crats denounce him. nofe the alleged fact
that he Is a friend of ike trusts.
General Chaffee's conductvln China haa
been so exceptional that the Democrats
have not yet decided whether they caa
make a campaign issue of It oi not
Dewey Is resting at Narragansett. pier,
an employment which no doubt condiices
to the reflection that he had a lucky .es
cape from making campaign speeches'Mn.
hot country towns.
Thanksgiving turkey Is a spectacle
which has been on view In Southeastern.
Europe" ever since it became evident that,
a warship was not to be commissioned to
collect that indemnity.
A man in New Jersey committed sui
cide because his wife refused to allow
him to go to the poorhousc. It appears
then that there are Populists even i
such a trust-ridden state as New Jer
sey. This thing of martyring a man when
he is in the world and then martyring
him when he Is out ot It shows thera
is no peace even beyond the grave. Lin
coln did not deserve to be martyred lax
the world or out ot It
There Is jleasure In the Juno timo when the
crawfish crisp and red
Is served to all who aak for It at fltty cents a.
head.
There's a Joy that comes with Summer, when,
the watermelon's ripe.
And it's sweet to sip egg phosphates through.
an oily paper pipe.
But we're never truly happy till the gladsome
season when
The months with "r" In them bring round tho
oyster once again.
A law of the Oregon Legislature for tho
protection of elk makes It unlawful to
hunt or kill them before December 1.
1910. A member of the Legislature who
stood on a street corner yostorday, watch
ing the Elks' proces3on.pass, till he was:
very tired, said that the law protecting
Elks ought to be repealed, as In his- opin
ion they were perfectly able to take care
of themselves, and were likely to ' own
the country before 1910. '
Parades a-marchln' thtroush therotreatsi
Bands a-playln everywhere.
Crowds o' people walktn' round. '
Lights a-gleamtn' in the air.
Camels slappln' down their feet.
Turks a-prancln up an" down. k
Furrln folks o' many kinds
TVanderin 'bout the town.
Children c has In' back an forth.
Buyin' peanuts an balloons.
Organs screechln alt day long
Old. forgotten, pop'lar tunes;
Smell o' popcorn on the breeze.
Flags a-wavln everywhere,
"What a hot ole town this is,
Now It's stirred up by tho fair.
In a cemetery near Falls City. Neb., is
a tombstone bearing this Inscription: .
A sottish, faithless husband.
Has caused my enrly death.
Rest for the weary pilgrim;
There Is a heavenly rtit.
Farewell, my ag-d parents;
Farewell, my brother dear,
To'yoa, my two sweet darlings,
God be your guardian care.
It was erected by an old German for
his daughter. The "sottish husband"
neither reformed nor destroyed the stone.t
but he gave the rebuke no concern and
continued his evil ways until a year ago
when he took up his grave near by. anil
from all appearances, sleeps welL
PLEASANTRIES OF PAItAGItAPHERSr.'
A Cautious Reply. "Excuso me. but didn't T(
meet you In Chlcasro soma time' ago?" "Not
unless I was there at the time." Cleveland
Plain Dealer.
A Danger Jn Sight. "How do you feel about
this shirt-waist agitation?" "Well. I don't
want to see It brought forward as a. political
Issue." Indianapolis Journal.
True Politeness. Magistrate (to elderly wit
ness) "What Is your age. madam? Witness
Thirty, sir. Magistrate Thirty what months
or years. Chicago New s.
First Tramp Why don't you go in? E8 alt
right. Don't you see Mm a-waggln hi tall?
Second Tramp Tes; an' don't you see Mm
a-growlln'? 1 dunno which end to bellevet
Punch.
A Misanthrope. Bowery Staggers When a.
feller's down everybody tries to shovo hint
down furder. Pell Mell Huh! You talk like,
somebody 'd been offering you do Vlcc-Presl-dency.
Puck.
Mr. Sappelgh I wouldn't marry that Miss
Gabby. She is terribly set in her wayi. Mr.
Softcigh Is that so? Mr. Sappelgh Tes. In
deed. Why, she has refused mo nine times
Baltlrooro American.
Boy (who has lost his way) I say. mister,
how far is It to Camptown CreekT Man
(surlily) Find out. I ain't no city directory.
Boy (with acute emphasis) No. you ain't;
you're a wolumo on good manners, you are!
Hsxlem Life.
Health and Automobillsm. Patient Tour
own health seems to be very much Improved
of late, doctor. Doctor Tes. I sold my horso
and carriage, and bought an automobile re
cently. Patient Ah! you attribute your Im
provement to that? Doctor Tes; the walking
has done me good. Philadelphia Press.
The Hayracks.
Frank W. Hutt in Boston Transcript
Heaped with their loadi of fragrant hay
And drawn by oxen slow.
The hayracks on their homeward way
Across the meadows go;
Across the meadows cool and broad.
By fields of watting grass, &
Through bank and hedge of goldenrod.
The tolling hayracks pass. ,
These hundred years lo! they have borne
A hundred Summers' yield;
And deep and wide their tracks are worn
Across tho fallow field.
Along the road In dim array,
As sunrise splendors glow, f
At noon, and at tho close of day.
The creaking hayracks go.
"f
How many seasons flame and fado .
Across the meadows fair!
But toll is sweet In sun and shade.
And farmers' boys still share
Tholr labors and Its wholesome galna
Beneath tho selfsame sky;
While, as of old. tho mighty wains
Paas with their burden by.
V