B
THE MORiSTTSG 0REG02OAX, FRIDAY, AUGUST SI, 1900.
Entered tt the PostoClee at Portland, Oregon,
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IORTI,AND, FRIDAY, AECCST 31.
HIS PTVBAMEXTAT, MISCONCEPTION.
In his September Atlantic article on
political bossism. Judge F. C. Lowell
conducts an exhaustive study to the
conclusion that civil service reform and
the separation of local from National
elections afford the most practical
Sneans to circumscribe the power of our
American boss. This is not, obviously,
a very hopeful stopping-place, because
the remedial causes have long been un
der experiment.
The extent to which civil service re
form can he carried in a popular gov
ernment must always be problematical.
It is not enough that -we have examina
tions under which only the lit will be
appointed. "We must also shut "the
doors upon the fit, if they come with
political support. That is the only way
in which the boss can be shorn of his
power of reward, which keeps the ma
chine g'.ng. Now the right to acquire
ofnc as the prize of successful political
agltal'nn is a right that can be en
Ci a 'h'-d upon -within very narrow Hm-
-. The singular infertility of civil
- rvlce reform Ideas is to be scientific
ally accounted for. The citizen of the
rt public or democracy knows by intui
tion, what the philosopher reaches
through study, that to pass around the
offices freely Is the only way to keep
the masses from rising up and smash
ing the whole governmental machine.
If they can't participate in the Govern
ment, they -will get a new one. It is
awkward and expensive to start In
every once in a while with a new and
untried lot of Sheriffs. Mayors, Judges,
Court Clerks, Assessors and legislat
ors. But thai Is one price of popular
government.
Then It is a fact, moreover, that sep
aration of elections into National, state
and local has objections as well as mer
its. The change costs money, and
where it has been tried its success In
eradication of bosses is not marked.
This is seen in New Tork and Chicago.
Party machinery works Just as relent
lessly and vigorously to elect Mayors
as it does at state and National elec
tions. Judge Lowell's other remedy,
reduction in number of offices voted for,
Involves, of course. Increase In appoint
ive powers; and that Is a remedy
which, like civil service reform, can be
invoked but sparingly. The people
won't stand it to have the Mayor ap
point a cabinet of great powers. They
must elect the essential parts of the
machine themselves.
It is subject for profound regret that
Judge, Lowell has nothing to say about
popular election of United States Sena
tors or direct -primary nominations.
These things are too much talked about
to have been omitted accidentally, too
much, at least, to admit of the omis
sion being treated as without signifi
cance. TYV undertake to derive from
these omissions, as well as from the
General trend of his paper, that Judge
Lowell is an unsafe guide in popular
government. His doctrines are oligar
chic, aristocratic. Reforms that con
template more Immediate acts of the
people themselves he says nothing of.
The reforms he suggests look In the di
rection of fewer exercises of popular
participation.
When a man gets it into his head
that the select few must have more to
do in government and the tolling
masses less, he is on the wrong track.
The people won't have him or adopt hlo
advice. And they are certain to have
their way. Right or wrong, wise or
f Jollsh, the popular will must be ascer
tained and applied. How to do this
-with least friction and delay Is the most
economical programme popular govern
reent can adopt. Theories and devices
that fail to take this into account arc
nt worth great consideration.
IIUS1IMBX .WD EXPANSION.
Denis A Spettlssy. a New York law
yc Is a leafier in a movement to form
a National league of Irishmen "to op
7 a imperialism." ""This country has
C lie a. groat deal for Irishmen as a
r.i"e' saj Mr. Spellissy, "and we
ourht M .ake an active Interest in its
v .fare. This policy of imperialism is
wl-at "ive Irishmen have been lighting
fcr 700 years. It will ruin this country
as it will ruta mngkmd. for it is not
ory shameful in principle, but bad in
1 -cy"
It is Interesting io note Mr. Spelllssy's
t.z ' arnt solicitude for the longevity of
ll.r British Emigre before passing to a
fckr i h of the man himself. Spelllssy
vrs the author of a bill, providing for
ilistritution of the common school fund
3 r porl.inalr anwng Catholics and
Protectants, whioh was introduced in
te I. gtelature of New York beveral
years att. A rcKaodatJoR looking
tA 'his -nd was made by William K.
Bctv axd. when he was Governor of New
1 :rk, over sixty years ago. It reacted
--. n. its sponsors, and its close ap
; - .ch to union of diurcli and stats
r -r'p li a. determinate factor In the
v-foat of Sewr& for th? Republican
3 ' 'tailon for President In 1S. The
t tTT " recommendation and the Spol-"-
MI? each played Its part In "violent
s.i '.-"ion against Catholics. One gave
Ecat strength o know-aothlng fanatl
Ci " and the ether to the raorc recent
A P A, movement. Both were hold up
la puhUc scorn as iadieaUtls the Class
of legislation relating to public educa
tion that would be given, to the country
in th? event lha political power passed
Into Catholic hands. ,
America has Indeed done a great deal
for Irishmen as a race, and all this
"benefit has been wrought by the policy
of National expansion which Mr. Spel
llssy so thoughtlessy denounces as im
perialism and proposes to defeat by go
ing "slap" bang' over to Bran." This
country has been an asylum for he
Irish race. Every step that the Irish
man has taken for his own betterment
has been given moral support and
financial aid in thi3 land of predomi
nating Protestant population. "We
helped Daniel O'Connell in his great
fight for Catholic emancipation, the
Irish race in Its struggle against fam
ine and the infamous corn laws, and
Pamell in his campaigns for home rule.
Every improvement that the individ
ual Irishman has made In his own con
dition has resulted from tb opportu
nity offered to his genius and Industry
in this large and constantly expand
ing country. Many a concession that
England has made to the race, or to
the freer exercise of Its religion traces
ittf origin to the high and noble exam
ple of civilization on this side of the
Atlantic.
It Is difficult to see what fault Irish
men or Catholics can find with expan
sion, or -what debt of gratitude either
owes to the Democratic party. Both
have expanded with the country and
Increased In numbers, prosperity and
influenre. "Wherever the flag has been
carried, Irishmen and Catholics have
followed, and have been granted, with
out demand, all their rights and privi
leges as American citizens. In a little
over 100 years the Catholic church has
grown from the single diocese of Balti
more to the Immense spiritual body It
is in all our states and territories and
distant possessions. So far as our po
litical parties have In any way been
favorably disposed toward race or re
ligion, the Republican party has been
the friend of the Irishman and the
Catholic to a greater extent than any
other party has been; that is, it has
shown its friendship at critical times.
Lincoln beat down the shibboleth, "No
Irish need apply," by snubbing know
noUilngism, and he killed what re
mained of the party by sending Arch
bisliop Hughes to Europe on an im
portant mission In behalf of the Union.
The decadence of the American Pro
tective Association dated from its fail
ure to dictate the Republican Presiden
tial .nomination in 189C, and McKlnley
gave it the death blow when he ap
pointed McKenna In the Cabinet and
afterwards raised him to the Supreme
Court of the United States. In striking
at National expansion, Irishmen and
Catholics will be aiming a blow at their
best friend.
RUSSIA "WILL. BE CHINA'S KRIEXD.
Russia will be China's best friend in
securing peace and settlement of all
damages consequent upon the recent
outbreak in Pekln. Russian influence
has been dominant at Pekln since the
interference of Russia robbed Japan of
the territorial spoils of victory in 1895.
The Russian railroad has right of way
through Manchuria; Port Arthur is in
Its possession, and a Russian navy in
its waters. Russia has no quarrel with
China; Russia's quarrel Is with Japan,
her only rival for the occupation of
Corea and the Llao Tung Peninsula of
Manchuria. Russia desires the comple
tion of the trans-Siberian Railway;
Japan Is only waiting to possess a fleet
powerful enough to secure her terri
tory from Invasion to enter into active
hostilities with Russia for the occupa
tion of Corea. Japan has not been able
to make a coalition with any of
the powers of Europe against Russia,
not even with Great Britain, and Rus
sia has been astute enough to block
all the effortsi of Japan to form an
alliance with China.
Had Japan succeeded in Its efforts,
the alliance of Japan and China would
have bid defiance to the hostility of
Russia. China could furnish millions
of raw material for soldiers; Japan
could arm, discipline and train them
after her own admirable military
model. This alliance between China
and Japan came very near being ac
complished, and had It not been frus
trated by the diplomacy of Russia,
there would not today probably be a
European soldier in Pekln. It was a
natural alliance, and deserved to suc
ceed. Prior to 1S67 Japan's civilization
and that of China was identical, and
today Japan, through her old-time ties
of blood, race and religion, alone of all
the treaty powers is able to compre
hend China's leaders and their policy.
Both nations are pagans; the Japan
ese have only adopted of our clviliza
tlonlnits superior military and economio
merits, so far as they promised to
strengthen their national life. Had
Marquis Ito reached Pekln in time, his
scheme of an alliance between China
and Japan would have succeeded, for
the Emperor, Kwang Su, was ready
to ratify it, but the palace revolution
of 1S9S made the Emperor a prisoner
of state and forced the Japanese envoy
to depart with undignified haste from
Pekln. A second effort to consummate
an alliance with Japan was frustrated
by the folly of the Japanese Minister
at Pekln, who boasted that the Chi
nese Army would be reorganized under
Japanese officers and that a secret offensive-defensive
alliance between
China and Japan was not far distant.
The Russian Minister at Pekln at once
warned the Chinese Foreign Office that
any alliance with Japan would be con
sidered an unfriendly act by his gov
ernment. The question for the future is wheth
er Russia or Japan will rule the gov
ernment at Pekln by Its supreme influ-
ence. They cannot divide their inter
ests because they are antagonistic;
Japan believes in "Asia for the Asiat
ics," which is only an expansion of the
policy of "China for the Chinese." It
is very plain that neither Russia nor
Japan will be disposed to support any
harsh treatment of China; they will
outdo each other In liberality of settle
ment. Russia has obtained all she
wants of China, and fears the Influ
ence of no foreign power In China, save
(Japan, whose growth, if not very
I National existence, defends on its
occupation of Corea or the Liao Tung
Peninsula. The desire of both Russia
and Japan not to alienate the friend
ship of, China will secure liberal terms
of settlement for China the moment
there Is any responsible central Chinese
Government established that is fit to be
regarded and treated as a stable source
and exponent of united authority. The
desire of the rivals, Russia and Japan,
to conciliate China will be sure to ob
tain for her comparatively lenient terms
of settlement, no matter what the Ger-
mas xvalser may ssy cr d.o, Germany-
Is but a newcomer in China; her utterly
arbitrary action Is responsible for all
the recent outbreak. Great Britain
docs not care what 'happens unless it
happens to her. If her domination In
the trade of the rich Yangtse Kiang
region is seriously threatened, she will
put up her back, like a Canada porcu
pine, whose every quill is a bayonet,
and fight for a .completely "open door"
in her sphere of influence, but other
wise Great Britain will let'Russia and
Japan skin their own international
skunks.
ILLUSTRATIVE SCHOOL WORK.
Judging -from plans formulated and
changes suggested and Inaugurated for
the improvement of the public school
system in Tarious cities, the managers
of these schools have had a busy va
cation season. It is distinctly felt in
many large cities where the public
schools have attained the greatest mag
nitude, that the growth of the system
during recent years has been away
from practical lines and in the direc
tion of the ornate and superficial in
education. Without understanding
fully the ground for complaint, a large
body of people comprising the patrons
of the public schools have become dis
satisfied with the results that have fol
lowed the regulation system the tend
ency of which is to scatter rather than
concentrate the mental forces of pupils;
to give a vague knowledge of many
things rather than a clear understand
ing of things which experience has
shown to be essential to success in life.
A tacit acknowledgment by school
authorities of the justice of these com
plaints is furnished in the honest effort
that educators in some cities are mak
ing to return to the practical In public
school work, and to educate the eye
and the hand in conjunction with
subtler mental processes by which chil
dren reach conclusions and arrive at a
practical knowledge of things. Chicago
furnishes an example of this movement
in an experiment which is to be made
in connection with Instruction In her
public schools the forthcoming year,
which is briefly described as "museum
extension." That cfty is well provided
with "eye educators" in the way of
museums, and the plan is to make up
from these "traveling exhibits," to be
taken to the schoolrooms at opportune
times, for the purpose of making im
pressive the subject-matter of the text
books. That these measures will assist to a
clear understanding of the subjects un
der consideration can scarcely be
doubted. The few patrons of the Cen
tral school In this city whose attention
was called to the matter can testify
to the interest aroused in Cuba and the
Cubans among the pupils by an hour's
talk given upon his return from the
Santiago campaign by Captain O'Neill,
which he illustrated by the exhibition
of sundry trophies of the campaign.
The lectures before the several schools
of the city at various times by Director
Thompson, upon Turkey, made doubly
attractive by the display of the Turk
ish costume and other object-lessons
from that country, are in further evi
dence of the Interest that can be
aroused and the knowledge that can
be readily conveyed through the me
dium of the eye in conjunction with
oral instruction.
Another example recently noted of
the trend toward the practical in our
public school system of instruction is
shown in.tbe introduction of "Sloyd" as
an adjunct to the regular course of
study in the public schools of Helena,
Mont. The experiment will be confined
to the first four grades of a single
school at first, but it is confidently ex
pected that it will be extended to all
the schools In a short time. Helena is
one of the first cities in the West to
make this departure, but since the In
troduction of this system Into the
United States from Sweden, some
twelve years ago, many schools in East
ern cities have experimented with It
satisfactorily. As explained by those
charged with the introduction of the
system into the schools of Helena,
"Sloyd" is not intended as a technical
manual training for the purpose of fit
ting pupils for trades, as expert crafts
men; the course is only given with
other studies, and Is calculated to de
velop the mind in conjunction with ac
tivity of the hand. It is further stated
as a well-established fact that chil
dren In Eastern cities who work for a
portion of the day at some handicraft
and attend school during certain hours
become much more proficient In their
studies than those who spend the en
tire day in school. "Sloyd" is intended,
primarily, to develop the brain through
the hand; the development of the hand
follows.
While changes In the public school
course and system must necessarily be
made gradually, lest further complica
tions result which will hamper rather
than accelerate the true educational
movement, It is safe to conclude that
the tendency toward the practical in
innovations upon the established sys
tem cannot be misleading. It Is better,
indeed, should It come to that, to err
In the direction of the practical than
to continue in methods that develop
the mental at the expense of the physi
cal, cither by sapping jrhe vitality of
the pupil or rendering the hands in
efficient because untaught, and the
muscles flabby because untrained.
In the school methods of this city, so
far as the public has been advised, few
if any changes are contemplated for
the school year that opens September
17. Of our schools it may be said that
the work up to and Including that of
the sixth grade is planned and carried
out on a practical basis, so far as this
can be done without recognizing the
utility of hand training In education.
By the methods employed pupils are
taught to "read understandlngly, write
legibly, spell accurately and go through
the rudiments of arithmetic Intelli
gently. Here, according- to a growing
belief, founded upon patient observa
tion, the usefulness of the public-schools
is practically ended. The time of the
pupil in the higher grades Is given
largely to petty details in the execution
of his work that neither Increase his
knowledge nor cultivate the grace of
patience, and which, as soon as he en
ters the High School, are laughed to
scorn and tabooed as ''babyish." This
is a matter of common knowledge. It
is plain to all thoughtful, practical peo
ple who have taken tho trouble to .fol
low the work of their children through
the higher grades of the grammar
schools and on Into the High School,
that there Is a painful lack of harmoni
ous blending in. the work, and that to
all Intents and for most purposes the
boy who completes the course through
the seventh grade is as well qualified
educationally for the duties of life as
he w&o worries through the grade
course and comes out of the High
School four years later wlth class col
ors flying, class pin in his lappel and
diploma In his hand, smothered In
flowers.
The Treasury Department richly de
serves the rebuke just administered by
the United States Circuit Court at Bos
ton. The Treasury Department has al
ways determined how much the Indian
rupee is worth, yet it preferred to give
it a false valuation in order to satisfy
somebody's fondness for red tape and
gratify somebody's vanity. It Is a mat
ter pf common knowledge that the In
dian rupee has for a long time been
maintained at a specific gold valuation
of 16 pence. Yet the Government per
sists in treating the rupee as variable
In value, and In its published state
ments of the value of foreign coins it
accepts the erratic figures of Consuls,
presumably out of fear to offend the
high and mighty State Department,
whose the Consuls are. The attention
of the Treasury Department and of
its Bureau of Statistics has been re
peatedly called to this discrepancy, but
the determination to adhere to the Con
sular quotations has been persisted In.
The Boston decision may move Secre
tary Gage to take the matter up and
rectify it India's progress in the gold
standard deserves better recognition
from this Government than that our
collectors should be permitted to assign
to the rupee any old value a Consul
may guess at or select through whim.
The people of Louisiana were in no
wise consulted when their country was
bought and annexed to the United
States. Their "consent" was not asked.
Moreover, after the purchase and an
nexation a government was set over
them In which they were allowed no
voice whatever. They protested, in
vain. Here is part of their protest to
Congress:
A single magistrate, vested with civil and
military, with executive and Judlplary powers,
upon whose laws we haye no check, over
whoso acts we have no control, and from
whose decrees there Is no appeal; the sudden
suspension of all thoie forms to which wo had
been accustomed, tho Introduction of a new
Jansuace, etc . . . These were not slight
Inconveniences. . . . "We submitted with res
lgnatlon, because we thourht It the effect of
necessity; we submitted with patience, though
Its duration was loncer than we had been
taught to expect. . . . Itrnorant as we have
been represented of our natural rlchts. shall
we bo called on to show that this Government
Is Inconsistent with every principle of civil lib
erty? How is that for consent of the "gov
erned"? Yet Bryan is daily quoting
Jefferson as authority for opposition to
the acquisition of territory and govern
ment of people without their consent.
As little was the consent of the people
of California asked for, or their oppo
sition regarded.
The Rev. Dr. Sheffield, the chairman
of the North China College of the Amer
ican Board at Tung Chau, expresses
the highest confidence in the race ca
pacity of the Chinese people. He de
scribes them in the September Century
as "Industrious, economical, persistent,
capable of high culture and of deep
moral and religious convictions, shrewd
in business, bound together by strong
family ties, lovers of order, patient In
misfortune, resolute in danger, endur
ing in hardship and loyal to just au
thority." If the Chinese people are all
this, it is utter absurdity to talk about
the partition of China, for Dr. Shef
field says that if such a partition took
place, as a necessity of government,
the Chinese 'would ultimately receive a
European military training and acquire
skill and experience in military evolu
tion. When this was wrought, the Chi
nese people, broken apart by foreign
power in their hour of weakness, would
be sure to come together again In fierce
collision with that power -when they
had in some measure recovered their
strength.
The letter of Mr. Himes, printed else
where, Is a valuable contribution to
Oregon historical study, and will, we
hope, get the attention of the persons
for whose benefit It is primarily writ
ten. We must get more of these pio
neer recollections into print -while yet
the opportunity Is here to verify and
revise them. The crimes that history
has committed against great and true
men have grown out of neglect and In
accurate recollection more than out of
studied malevolence. These letters of
Mr. Himes, and those he criticises, will
all be of priceless value to the historian
of tho future.
Secretary Gage recalls the fact that
Mr. Bryan In 1896 said:
If there Is any one who believes that the
gold standard is a good thing, or that It must
be maintained, I ask him not to cast a vote
for me7 for I promise him It will not be main
tained In the country longer than I am able to
get rid of It.
And demand for free coinage of silver
at 16 to 1, as a means of getting rid of
the gold standard, was put into the
Democratic platform again this year,
by especial command of Mr. Bryan.
The number of foreign troops that
were landed at Taku up to August 18
exceeded by official figures 46,000 men.
Since that date the reinforcement of
the German contingent has swelled the
total of the army of the allies to over
50,000 men, which means an army of
45,000 effectives today in China between
Tien Tsin and Pekln, troops enough to
hold Pekln as long as It Is necessary to
occupy it.
We have read the proceedings of the
great Demo-Pops, in the State of
Washington, in convention assembled.
Where is the gratitude of a party that
will leaye little Thursty Dannels out,
after all the sacrifices he has made for
the party? Today Leftenant-Governor;
tomorrow nothing. This Is the state
man, k. t. 1., as the poet says.
We read in one of our Democratic or
gans that "the Republican hue and cry
over silver is for campaign purposes
only." Did Hanna bribe the Kansas
City convention, or bribe Bryan, who
dictated to the convention, to renew the
demand for 16 to 1, in the Kansas City
platform?
A DaiigcrouH Monopolist.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
The late Collls P. Huntington spent
nearly Co years of his life in money-getting,
and at the time of his death the
earning capacity of his capital was not
equal to that of Mr. Fltzslmraons' "left
hook." Mr. Robert Fltzsimmons is not
known to be overstudlous in his habits.
His library is not believed to be exten
sive or very valuamlc. He has lost no
hair worrying over abstruse legal propo
sitions. He is not bent from constant
anxiety over the state of trade or the
condition of finances. He is not pre
sumed to know any more than Js abso
lutely necessary to enable him to shoul-'
dcr along through life. But he has cul
tivated his muscles, and he is the per
fcct$r of tho "left book," He can com-
mand a greater audience today than any
orator, statesman, philosopher, political
economist, poet, or humorist In the land,
and more salary In a minute than the
average man of Intelligence, education
and culture can command in a year.
HIS GRIEVOUS IXACCURACT.
Dryan'n Quotations Seen to Be a
Unsafe as His Facts.
" Chicago Tribune, August 26.
It appears that Bryan In his Indianapo
lis' speech of acceptance indulged it good
deal In poetic license, drawing largely
on his imagination for aphorisms and
declarations 'which appeared to fit tho
Democratic view of present conditions
and accrediting them to others. Among
those to whom Bryan gave the credit for
utterances purely his own were Abra
ham Lincoln, Daniel Webstar, Thomas
Jefferson and even the Scriptures.
Lloyd Jones, an attorney in the Ro
anoke building, is not only a man of con
siderable literary research, but ho al30
takes an Interest in politics. This led
him to do what Mr. Bryan probably
thought no one would take the trouble
even to attempt, to verify tho many al
leged quotations in tho Indianapolis
speech. Tho result Is interesting aa
showing not only many misquotations,
but an absolute disregard of facta and
figures. Speaking of the results of his
Investigation, Mr. Jones said yesterday:
"The thing which first struck me in
Mr. Bryan's speech was his statement
that the Philippines weie too near the
equator for white men to live in, and
other nations had tried to colonize in
the same latitude and failed. He in
stanced Java, which, he said, Holland
had controlled 'for 300 years, and yet
today there are less than 60,000 'of Euro
pean birth scattered among the 25,000,000
natives.'
"Paying no attention to tho fact that
he is almost insanely erroneous in his
figures as to population, the fact Is- that
Java did not become a Dutch province
until 1S30, and now two states are ruled
by native Princes. As to white men
living under the equator, that line passes
through Ecuador, Brazil and the United
States of Colombia, In South America,
and these states are entirely dominated
by whites. The City of Manila is 15&
degrees north latitude, while Australia,
tho largest colony England has excepting
Canada, extends from 10 to SO south lati
tude, and is largely inside tho tropic of
Capricorn. It has been entirely colon,
ized by whlto people.
"All of this led mo to look into the
accuracy of Mr. Bryan's quotations from
Lincoln, Jefferson and others, and here
I found some curious things. He always
partly protects himself by failing to
quote llterally.j and thus is able to give
a sentence a meaning which the author
never intended it to have. For instance,
he says:
" 'In 1S59 Lincoln said that the Repub
lican party believed In the man and the
dollar, but In case of conflict It bellevea
in tho man before the dollar.'
"Mr. Lincoln never said that or any
thing like it in 1S69, but In 1800 he did say
what Mr. Bryan has probably twisted to
serve his purpose. In arguing that the
traffic in slaves was Inherently wrong,
Mr. Lincoln said ho did not believe In
'weighing the dollar against human life.'
"This was in an answer to the defend
ers of the slaveowners, who claimed that
to do away with slavery would destroy
property rights, and were it not for these
same slaveowners and their descendants,
Mr. Bryan would not now have the
slightest chance of election.
"Again, in defending his advocacy of
ratifying the treaty with Spain, ha
quotes Lincoln as saying, 'Can aliens
make treaties easier than friends can
make laws?"
"Lincoln never said this at all. The
languago Is that of Napoleon Bonapart6
after the battle of Marengo, the great
est Imperialist who ever lived since the
days of Caesar and Alexander.
"Further on ho quotes Lincoln as say
ing: The safety of this Nation is not In
its fleets, Its armies, its forts, but in the
spirit which prizes liberty as the heritage
of all men in all lands, and we cannot
destroy this spirit without planting tho
seeds of despotism at our doors.'
"Lincoln never said thla or anything
like it. The quotation, however, seema
to be garbled from Daniel Webster's
speech on 'Education,' In which he Bays:
" 'We may erect bulwarks against for
eign invasion, but ' what power shall
we find In walls to protect tho people
against themselves?'
"Then, again, Bryan quotes Jefferson
as saying: 'If thero be one principle
more deeply rooted than any other in
the mind of every American, it Is that we
should have nothing to do with con
quest,' and 'conquest Is not in our prin
ciples; it Is inconsistent with" our gov.
eminent.'
"The first quotation was never uttered
by Jefferson at all. It can be found in
a special message of President Monroe
to Congress on May 9, 1820, dealing with
the treaty with Spain. The second quo
tation cannot -oe found anywhere. It has
neither father rsor mother. Jefferson,
however, did say:
" 'I know the acquisition of Louisiana
has been disapproved by some from a
candid apprehension that the enlargement
of our territory would endanger the
Union. But who can limit the extent
to which the federative principle may
operate effectively? The larger our as
sociation the less It will be affected by
local passions.'
"As bearing on the attitude of the
United States toward the Philippines,
Mr. Bryan quotes Jefferson as saying:
'I know of but one code of morality for
men, whether acting singly or collect
ively.' "Jefferson did say this, but it was in
speaking of the actions of Aaron Burr
and his friends, then plotting treason
against the United States. Bryan's fur
ther statement that Franklin said: 'A
highwayman Is as much of a robber
when he plunders In a gang as singly,
and a nation which makes an unjust war
Is only a great gang,' Is as bold a false
hood as ever a literary pretender uttered.
Franklin never used oven kindred Ian.
guage at any time.
"He even quotes Admiral Dewey as'
saying: 'The Filipinos are more capable
of self-government than the Cubans,'
and in all of Dewey's reports there is
nothing of the kind. Mr. Bryan also
misquotes Henry Clay, and even his
Biblical references are incorrect."
ONLY ONE STANDARD OF VALUE.
By Gold Alone Can Commercial Na
tions Compete "With the World.
Georgre E. Roberts in September Forum.
An independent monetary system for
each country Is, therefore, opposed to
tho general trend of order, harmony,
intercourse, and common understanding
among the nations. It is a lapse to prim
itive conditions. It belongs to a policy
of Isolation. It is opposed to the spirit and
necessities of the age, which tend to
unity and co-operation. A nation with
great possibilities in foreign trade Bhould
be the last to sever the bond that llnka
Its markets to those of the world. It
needs to do business on a common basis
with its customers. Its merchants want
to buy at home and sell abroad by the
same measure. The grain of gold is now
the one universal unit of value; and by
maintaining fixed relations to it, a na
tion's curreny keeps fixed relations to
the currency of all important countries.
The producer who pays his costY by the
gold standard and sells his goods In any
part of the world by the same standara
has no allowances to make for possible
fluctuations in the relations of different
kinds of money. His receipts and dis
bursements are on the same basis. "Va
riations of exchange there will be, as
there are variations in exchange between
points in one country; but they cannot
exceed tho cost of shipping gold. The
charge for making a remittance by bank
ing agencies is not to be confounded with
the cost of changing money of one stand
ard into money of another. They are
two distinct charges, and the business
man who is isolated from tho rest of tho
world by an Independent monetary sys
tem pays both.
Would It be advantageous or otherwise
to the great industries of Pennsylvania
for that state to have a monetary sys
tem bearing no stable relation to that
used in other states of this Union? A
new calculation would be required every
day to determine what a given sum in
the money of Ohio would be worth In the
money of Pennsylvania. A firm with Its
outlays in Pennsylvania and its Income
from other states would have its assets
in dollars of one valuo and its liabilities
in dollars of another value. Its salesmen
outside of Pennsylvania would have to
add to Its scale of prices a percentage
sufficient to cover the possible loss by
a variation in the value of the money
before payment was made. "We have
seen that the fluctuations between the
money of Mexico and tho money of tho
United States last year covered a range
of about 6 per cent. A people which la
competing for supremacy in the world's
markets at a time when less than 1 per
cent frequently determlres the success
ful bidder on a contract cannot afford to
be under such a handicap as that.
Tho farmers of Iowa, who sell their
products' by the Chicago market quota
tions, want a common money standard
with Illinois. The buyer of produce in
each local market pays the Chicago price,
loss freight, commissions, wastage, and
every item that Involves a possible loss
in converting the produce back Into
money In hand. Any possible varia
tion in the relations of the money of
Iowa to the money of Illinois would have
to be included In his risks and covered
by his margin. Such a chargo would
be Intolerable upon commerce hetween
these states, and equally intolerable be
tween the people who buy annually over
$1,000,000,000 worth of our various products.
GENERAL BRAGG FOR M'KINLEY.
Famous Old-Line Democrat "Will Sup
port Republican Ticket.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
General Edward S. Bragg, the famous
leader of the Iron Brigade, who is a guest
of Mr, and Mrs. C. H. McConnell. 4417
Ellis avenue, Is one of the Democratic
wheel horses of the Northwest who are
now solid supporters of McKlnley and
Rooseveltv
"I am with McKlnley," he said, "sole
ly In consequence of the sound-money
Issue. That of itself Is enough to gain
him the support of every honest man
in the country. The Democratic party
is in a state of decomposition,, but I
have seen very pretty posies grow out of
repulsive fertilizers. For the present
campaign, however, I am with McKlnley.
"I do not agree with the Republican
party at all In its imperialistic tenden
cies. I do not think It becoming In a
republic to talk of Its 'possessions,' nor
to annex any country that cannot partici
pate In our Constitution. I do not think
the Philippines will ever be pacified, and
it will require 150,000 troops to hold them.
I approve of the policy of our Govern
ment In regard to Cuba. "We should
never bo a party to any piracy of Chi
nese territory, but I do not feel so suro
that we w... not ultimately come to It.
"The other Issue in the campaign is
trusts, and I do not know that It is
really an Issue at all, for we are all
agreed about them. I do not think, how
ever, that this country is in any danger
from trusts. If the demagogues would let
us alone the trust problem would work
out Its own solution."
General Bragg Is in the 70s. and is blind
In one eye, but his martial spirit Is
higher than ever. He could not deny
that anything on earth would give him
such supreme delight as to lead his bri
gade in one more fight. "Turn It and
twist it as you will." said ho, "the field
of battle remains the field of glory.
Same Danger as In 00.
Omaha. Euclid Martin. for years
'chairman of the Democratic State Com
mittee and Postmaster under the last
term of President Cleveland, Is stronger
In his opposition to Mr. Bryan -this year
than he was in 1S96. Four years ago
Mr. Martin denied his support to Mr.
Bryan because he could not assent to
the financial legislation promised .by the
Chicago platform; this year he finds the
same objection to the Kansas City plat
form, and In addition finds other reasons
to desire the defeat of the Democratic
candidate.
"In the present political situation," he
said, "I am unable to discover any
good reason why a Democrat favoring a
stable currency who refused to support
Bryan In 1896 should support him now.
His prophecies and predictions as a can
didate in 1S96 are unfulfilled, and the
disasters which he announced as sure to
follow the election of McKlnley have
failed to materialize."
"What do you think of the Kansas
City platform as compared with the Chi
cago platform?"
"The platform of 1900, it seems to me,
13 In no wise better than that of 1896. and
In Bome instances Is worse. I regard
the continued agitation of the 16 to 1 fal
lacy as detrimental to the best Interests
of the country, and the attempt to make
an Issue of imperialism as entirely abor
tive. "I am constrained to say that I believe
a Presidential candidate should be a man
of loftier purposes and pursuits than a
continuous politician. Interested only in
his own advancement."
Sample Trust Financing;.
New York Journal of Commerce.
The International Paper Company has
afforded a further display of trust finan
ciering. It has a capitalization of Just
under ?40,OCO,000, of which the preferred
stock is a little more than half and the
common stock Is a little less than half,
and In addition to this sum there Is a
bonded Indebtedness of about $13,000,000.
At the present tlmo one share of preferred
and one share of common stock are to
gether worth under 90. The preferred
stock is paying 6 per cent, and yet it 13
selling at 66 and a fraction. What actual
good to the owners of tho companies that
were combined has the Inflation of capi
talization accomplished? Tho "earnings
In excess of all expenditures, including
dividends" during the past year, were 5.33
per cent of the common stock, and the
surplus on hand a year ago was very
nearly 5 per cent of the capital stock,
making the total surplus on June 30,
1900, of more than 10 per cent on the com
mon stock. It was not, however, deemed
best to declare any dividend on this
stock, which is now selllntr for a little
more or a little less than 23. Of course,
the value can be greatly Increased at any
time by paying a dividend, nnd it can be
depended on to shrink gradually If no
further dividends shall be paid.
BIEN AND WOMEN.
Secretary Hay figures as a leading American
man of letters In a recently published London
interview with the English poet. Swinburne,
in which Swinbume speaks of Mr. Hay as hav
ing great originality in his vrse and a dis
tinctive American note.
During tho CO years that he has bcn en
gaged in the public service Judge Reagan, of
Texas, has keDt up his farm, and he now has
a fine one, of some 800 acres, near Palestine,
In Anderson County, to which he will retire
on giving up hi3 office of Railroad Commis
sioner. A despondent New Torker spent his last cent
in paying his fare to Coney Island, Intending
to Jump off the pier and drown himself. He
was so cheered by the sights of gay Coney
that toe walked all tho way back, and spent
the night In .ane of tho parks, got a Job next
day. and Is now happy.
One thing the new Queen of Italy has yet to
learn haw to smilo. Handsome as she Is. sha
Is also cold, or so sho seems, for the simple
reason that sho Is shy. As a Princess she has
not achieved the art of always rejoicinc In
public, and the Italian people, who set great
etoTo bv outward demonstrations of sympathy,
have noted their absence. Even bowins has
been burdensome to her.
General Chaffee, who Is now in command of
our forcM in China, bears tho odd Christian
-najno of Adna Romanza, Adna Is from the He
brew, and signifies pleasure, while Romansa
Is derived from the Italian romanxo. and In
English Is applied. In music, to a tender eentl
mnt a. song without words. General Chaffep's
parents were plain farmer foIS llvlnff la prosaic
Central ?ou,
NOTE AND COMMENT.
The number of Alfred Austin's poetlo
license must be 13.
There is some talk of 'holding a street
fair In Portland this FalL
The Boxers have probably discovered by
this tlmo that General Cussedness waa
not a wise leader.
The Long Beach saloon has been burned
but the Columbia River bar 13 still do
ing business at the old stand.
One thousand Russians left for Pekln.
yesterday, and the police of that city are
looking forward to a lively business. J
Li Hung Chans says that China can.
preserve order. She has apparently pro
served It for use in some future year.
A receat newspaper headline, "Scraps
of China News." might be more appro
priate if it read: "News of China Scraps."
Conversational balloon parties are "be
ing held in France. The occasions aro
suited either to commongas or a hot-air
Jolly.
Bryan welcomes the support of the Pop
ulists with the air of a man who Is think
ing emphatically: "Deliver mo from .'my
friends."
The downy cloud sneaks o'er tho.akj;
And makes no noLsa or fuss.
But. Just the same. It by and by
Will get the drop on us.
Thero is little danger of any power an
nexing China. Think of of the Job of
doing official business in the tongue ot
that benighted land!
Crokcr seems to have n- cinch on tho
best of it, whatever happens. He can
work up lots of raw materlsvl for his ico
trust during the frost that will descend
on his party next November.
He came Into a, restaurant.
And settled In a chair;
He wore no coat and she no vest.
And yet thoy left him there.
No customer looked up to see
Him pass along the aisles
His form, devoid of coat or vest.
Provoked no man to Bmlle.
They let him stay and eat his fill.
Prom consomme to pie,
Irv spite of want of coat and vest.
For he waa Just a. fly.
A Minnesota timber speculator was on
board a Columbia River steamer th3
other day as the craft was passing
wood chute. The cordwood was being;
thrown on board of a scow by tho stream
of water issuing from the flumes above
Throe women stood on the promenado
deck, and one of them asked: "What do
they wet that wood for?" A second ona
replied: "It makes it la3t longer," anct .
the third ventured: "It makes more
steam when It's wet." The timber mam
turned away. He thought Oregon women
should know more about wood flumes and!
barges than that.
Tho manager of one of the blggestt
New York dry goods stores waa askea
tho other day what particular femlnlno
garments were most In demand at thlsi
time. He answered unhesitatingly:;
"Shirt waists first and then rainy day-skirts-
I really think that five women
out of six In New York have purchased,
or Intend to purchase a rainy day cos
tume. The short skirt, clearing tho
ground by several Inches and solidly
stitched at tho bottom, so that It cannot
fray. Is an Immensely popular garment
And It deserves to be, for it Is eminently
sensible. You can trust the AmerJcaa
woman to dress wisely every time al
ways provided she can be stylish at tho
same tlmo."
That fellow Jim ?orbett can fight
All right.
Though he still Is on also ran:
And It might have been prudent, McCoy
Old boy.
To tackle an easier man.
Of course, it you still want to scrap.
Mayhap
Tom Sharkey will let you in.
Or you may get a. hook from the mitt
Of Fitz
On tho vulnerable point of the chin. -
Then Corbett will meet you again.
And when
You get in some sort of repair
Jim Jeffries will pay for a chanc
To dance
The rest of you up In the air.
Just keep hunting mlll3 of thls-sort
Old sport;
Tou're playing a glorious gamo.
And never, though bathed In gore.
Get sore,
For every saloon know3 your fame.
t
PLEASANTRIES OF FARAGRAPHERS
All Out. Hungry Hooley-How d'yer fee, oia.
chappie? Empty Kgan Like a meal tlckctt
wit' every meal punched out Brooklyn LlJe.
In the Interior First Citizen What do tney
mean by a protected cruiser? Second Citizen
I dunno. exactly. May be It's one that aintt
built by forelzn pauper labor Puck.
Moro Imaginative. Mr. Gooph Have you
"Tho Travels of Baron Munchausen"? Book
seller No; but we have "The Meseages ot La
Hung Chang." Ealtimoro American.
"Some folks," says Uncle Eben, "imagines,
dey deserves credit foh bein contented, la
... - ,.,,. whn da real troof is dat
dey'd rather loaf dan work an' earn money. "
Washington Star.
Force of Habit. "Give up the keys of tn
cltyt" demanded the Commander-in-Chief of
the allies. "You got checkee?" asked the Cor
poral of tho guard at Pekln. Philadelphia
North American.
"Do they allow you to vote. Mr. Freshly T"
"Yes. Indeed. I'm golne to support McKlnley
and Roosevelt." "Isn't that strange? I heard
papa say you would never be able to support
two." Harper's Bazar.
At the Seashore. "Dear me! There are thos
ploasant people we met on the train; we don't
want to be bothered with them, do weT' 'No;
and wo can safely zo on the plan that they
don't, want to bo bothered with us." Indian
apolis Journal.
Matter of Mobility. The Lay Figure had.
spoken of his automobile. "I expected to enjoy
it much." tho Lay Figure was now saying,
"but tho fickle weather has prevented." "In
other words," observed tho Unconscious Im
becile nt onco. "a. mobile Autumn Is not suited
to an automobllel" Detroit Journal.
Not as He Understood It. "Did my uncl
dlo a natural death?" inquired the man from
tho East who had come to look after tho
property. "Not exactly." replied the bilious
looking man. steadying himself as another fit
of ague took him. "He died a most onnatural
death. Blr. fur this locality. He died of old
aKe."Chlcaso Tribune.
A Golfer's Lost WlJhes. "Tou know Frlsby,
the rolt enthusiast, don't you?" "Ot course.
What about him?" "I wltnesed his will last
night. It's very characteristic of the man."
"How so?" "Why, In one olause ho directs
that his body b2 Interred in the approximate
center of the links, and that the grassy mound,
abovo his grave bo converted Into a bunker. '
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
OPPO RTUNITY.
The Fine Sonnet by Which. John
James Insalla Will Be Remembered.
Master of human deslniwam I;
Fame, love and fortune on my footsteps wait;
Cities and fields I walk: I penetrate
Deserts and seas remote, and passlnff by
Hovel and mart and palace, soon or lato
I knock unbidden once at every gate.
If sleeping, wake; It feasting, Tlse before
I turn away; It la the hour of fata
And those who follow me reach every atata
Mortals desire, and conquer every foe
Save death; while those who doubt or hwltatfl
..v mn In vain, and uselessly Implore;
1.1 answer not. and I return no moro.