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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 31, 1900)
"V -sr-v- 10 THE MOB2sTISfG OREGONIAN, FRIDAY, 'AUGUST 31', 1900. 3vftHKT GROWTH OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES (Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton.) THEOREGONIkN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE: DIRECTED B PROF. SEYMOUR EATON COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF TWO CENTURIES In the early days of the world th wants of men were few and simple, and every one satisfied Ms wants largely by Ills own efforts. Such a life was lnde Dendoat .but wasteful. "When man began to limit his labor to fewer things and j to make exchanges or surplus products a long stop had been taken In human progress. The division of labor brought about by these exchanges gave rise to factories, and another vast economy In the Hse of human labor was established. The extern of this economy may be shown more clearly by two or three Il lustrations. One person with a hand loom could weave from 42 to 4S yards dally: wlrh six-power looms his product was Increased to 3503 yards dally. One person In a man's boot factory will annualry make 1E03 pairs of boots and shoes, and in a woman's shoe factory 3000 pairs. One inan with a cotton gin can do the work of 939 men by hand in getting the seeu out of the cotton. One man in Dakota can annually produce 5300 bushels of wheat, and, keeping 1000 bushels for seed, the remainder, by labor equivalent to that of one man for one year, can be made into four and put into barrels. The 2001 barrels thus produced can be sent to New York by rail by two men during the same period. Moreover, the four thus working would have time left to keep the machinery of the farm, the mill and the railroad in repair. Three more In a year could bake this quantity Into bread, and, as the annual ration for a person Is a barrel of flour, the farm hand, the miller, the two c?rrie-: and the tnrce bakers could supply 1000 persons with, bread. One of the consequences of thus organ izing labor for manufacturing purposes Is to deprive many, for awhile at least. of employment. Another Is that the man ufacturer, without lessening the reward paid to the laborer thus employed, is able to sell his products at greatly reduced prices. And then, too, the consumer Is u. , uui inu.e. xi.. -.!!. u;u , costing between $303,000 and $400,000 to of cloth can be bought for 25 per cent DUlM The od f urnace Js a thmg. of thc less la consequence of the use of labor- , past though many in a dismantled condl savlng machinery, the consumr-r has ., Uon may stn, be seen ,n the ,ron dls. per cCn. more to spenu in otner -Ray or for larger quantities of the things he bought before. A larger quantity, there fore, is needed to satisfy the larger de mand, and the labor set free in the be ginning is rccallod to satisfy the new de mand. This is no imaginary consequence: it was seen long ago. The lower prices result In releasing a portion of the con sumer's earnings, which, in turn, is spent 'lor a larger quantity of the same or oth er things, and to produce these more la borers are needed. "When, therefore, the Ifull cycle of changes caused by using ma chinery has been completed the laborers teet free in the beginning are at work prices have been lessenced, the power of consumers has become greater, and they i can satisfy more or their wants than they , in early days which are somewhat at a could before. Of course this movement l rlance with the facts, a- ' a little spac 'between the discharge and re-employment j is requested for the purpose of correcting of labor is not regular: sometimes it them. comes quickly, sometimes it is long de- r On Anmst fi nnrir a-, nf rr-'T.. lived and grat suffering ensues, and in.j .u.c r ii nBr torara. Another conseouonc of the mo3ern sys- torn of manufacturing is tho elation of large factories In the olden Mm a i v-. . i ...- ..--.. l """ -" ....... rj. ..- .iuw(Amcrlc;.n plains j,ii-kij ui BHiifiii muiv. ne fsjmuuniT ui-i-i w!, in vverv iuiunp. nai a con- " u ". rivru inn; in. nuu uiu: jun 1'uge plants have rlRen. gonc-allv owned bv companies, for manufacturing Iron, trxtile and evervthlng oxcept the choice vorks of thought Jnd art. Even the I field of literature has bfen Invaded in many directions, and book- wr'tten to order and printed on psner an- with mi rhlnerv made to order form -. large por tion of the Uterarv wares of the da v. The drawing together of thousands un dr a slnglo roof has glvon rise to an other consequence of which no one ki&J M r$le2' Iron Foundry IOO Year Aro. dreamed in the primitive days of fac torieslabor organizations. They are the legitimate offspring of largo factories. Be fore they rose a trades union was un known, when the manufacturer drew un der the same roof a larje number ol men. what was more natural than that they should come to know each other and compare wages and modes of living and In due time form a society for their mutual advantage? This was the origin of these associations. Are these great manufacturing enter prises schools of knowledge? Like nearly everything else in this world, good and evil comes from them. Much Is learned that is both helpful and harmful. It could not be otherwise. It Is often said that the work of those cmploved is more dreary because it is limited to a single motion Or OOeratlon. A norsnn tunrl. ! single machine or moves a lever or some other: exceedingly simple process. The amount or skin that lie puts forth in I doing this Is almost nothing nnt if h ! brain is not used up in tending a ma- ' cnin there is more left for othor i.u .ii we jork. Tor instance. Into a great watch factorv. what would you see? Ma chines everywhere for making this com plicated mechanism. But the work is so mlmueij subdivided that almost every one ' doing a verv simple thing, making R h. le in a plate cutting wheels and the like. Only a very small number of persons la the entire concern possess Cnatlnc Cannanbnll IOO Year Afro. much sktll those who design the ma ohlnerv, make the springs, bake the ena mel on thc facs and assemble the parts. A person applies for work and within a week she is as skillful as though she j nQ worK iot years, cw tins is one of the good features of subdividing labor in thc manufacture of so many products; persons can more easily learn how to do well their little task. Now few possess the skill la make a watch; those who are able to make a part of a watch In a wntrh factory except the few things de- I 1 viim'SML ZZZzggL Fcribed above are numberless. If. there- isue of The Oregonlan, Wednesday, De fore the modern system of manufacturing cember 4. IS50. the fallowing not'ee ap mlnimlcef; the skill of most of those who t pears: are emnloyod it enables a vast number j "Our paper will be enlarged about the possessing very Mttle skill to get omploy- first of March. We have on the way from meitt. New York a new Washington press of There Is another consequence perhaps 1 largest size, together with an extensive pot often considered the great risk of assortment of type and other printing ma loss partly from the breaking and wear- terials, which were shipped in September lng out of machinery and far more from direct for Portland." the inveattoR of better. Thirty yrs j This press was used until late In the ago a large worsted mill in New England j Fall "of 1S6L when a Hoe drum cyllrde was built and fitted up with the most 1 was Introduced. Sometime later the hind improved machinery. Hardly had It been j press was sold, and la doubtless the one put into operations before a new method of spinning worsted was invented. It was a very important invention, and if the company continued to use their machin ery they could not manufacture as fine goods nor at so low a. cost as could a new mill with the Improved machinery. ffiA fT-tre A1A nnt tr-ftl- lrtTlf- fllnv v.. , ..,,i.. ayvm -v. f ma- rwnp,- n ,t Jn ti,p'nw n,i the ola mills which had not the courage to do this and continued to make Inferior goods and at a higher price lost far more In the end. Every manufacturer runs a risk of this nature; never before was human In genuity so stretched to improve the I methods of manufacture and to dlmln- lsh the. cost of mnnufaeturlnc- in order to gain an advantage over competitors. Hshed at Oregon City. In the Spring of Machinery to the value of many millions 1S4S, the mission press of "Whitman. Spald ls thrown aside every year to put m lng. Walker and Eells. having come into other that can be run with greater econ- 1 the possession rf Rev. J. S. G:imn, omy: that which Is thrown aside Is a through his relationship with Mr. Spa.d waste or loss which cannot be lessened: lng, was removed from The Dal'es, where It must be incurred or a still heavier loss ' it was then stored, to the Grlffln place. will result. This accounts in part for the constant COLLIERY 100 rebuilding of manufacturing enterprises. Some are required as a consequence ot the growth of the country, far more to take the place of those that are worn out or antiquated. Not many years ago the production of an iron furnace was 20 -tons a week; today 2003 tons, and j trict,f remlnders of a &zy that Js forever gone. Koto This study by Dr. Albert S. Bolles. of Haverford College, will be con cluded on Friday next. HISTORICAL ERRORS. Mr. niincs Clears Up Sonic Points In Recent Contributions. PORTLAND. Aug. 30. (To the Edl'or 1 Three articles have annrar- d recentlv n The Oregonlan relitlng to histcr'c events ville. August 3. It is stated that "rinse j tne deatn of Colonel John B.dw-11. In.Cal- ifornla. a fow months ago. Olonel Nvc (of prinevllle) is the sole survivor of th fit ,!i.in t -,. -. - -j.v.... .. w,..i. .u. i.-ua- u k article "InnnpnlT- 1SC4-6, part of the Astoria party, under d rcction of Wilson P. Hunt. In 1S11; Cap tain Nathaniel J. Wyeth's expeditions in 1S32 and 1S34. Rev. Jason Lee and co laborers came with Capta'n Wyeth the latter year. In 18C, Dr. "Whitman and Rev. H. H. Spalding, with their wives. arrived in Oregon by the overland route. In 1S3S, Rev. Messrs. Ee.ls and Walter ! and their wives came over the same trail, In 1S39 and lS'.O a number cf Independent missionaries came ovcr.and, among them the late Rev. J. S. Griffin. Rev. Harvey Clark and others. If It is objected fiat all above referred to were not Imm'grarts In the true sense, then I beg to name the "Peoria party" of ID persons which left Illinois in the Spring of 1ST9. Amos Co-k. R. L. Kilbourne. Francis Fletcher, Joseph hloiman. Robert Shortens and Sidnev Smith being of the number who settled in Marion (Champoeg). Clackamas and Yam- hill Counties Una communication dated Idaho C'ty, August G. it Is stated that the 1 Boise lcws, started September 29. 1853, was the only paper at that date betw-en Portland and Salt Lake. To sh w that this is an erroneous statement, it is only necessary to state that a paver called the Chronicle was published at Vancouver. Wash., in 1SC1; the Mountaineer was In existence at The Dalles that year, and the statesman was started at Walla Walla, Wash., in December of that year. Fur thermore, the art'cle says that "Evsry type and every piece of machinery of the o!d plant has made history, and epecla'ly is this true of the press. This was an old-style Washington, numbered In the 1700s. and consequently of early make. It was the press from which the first im pression of the first paper for the Pacific Coast, in Honolulu, was taken; and It was the press on which the first Impres sion of The Portland Oregonlan was run off. having been hauled here by ox team from the Oregon metropolis." This state ment Is wrong In almost every partlculir. The first press in Honolulu, sent to that piace -lrom -tJ0Sl in ibis. is only large ' uBn " P"nt a sheet 10x14 Inches in . -""u " "" " "namusi'm yiess. out a "Ramage Patent Combined Printing. Copying and Seal Press. No. 14." and the only press ever sent to Oregon from Hon olulu, and that was In the year 1S39. The size of the first copy of The Oregonlan Is 24x34, four pages of six columns each. I The press upon which this paper was i printed Is believed to have been a Ramage , press the press that was taken from Portland to Olympia, Wash., by T. F. McElroy. In 1S52, upon which The" Colum bian, the first paper north of the Co lumbia River, was printed. This Ramage press was a slow machine. Originally the platen was only half the size of the bed. the latter being about T5x36 Inches, hence It required an Impression or "pull" for every page. Instead of one "pull" for two pages, as In the case of a Washington press. After a year or more service in Olympia. first on the Columbian, ar.d later on the Pioneer and Democrat, the platen was enlarged to the size of the bed by an Olympia blacksmith named John Clark, by placing under the platen a number of evenly planed heavy steel plates. This made It a "manklller," In deed; and a few years later a Washington hand press was substituted therefor. In j August, 1S51, this Ramage press was used j in the publication of the Overland Prcs at Olympia. and a few years later it was sold to S. L. Maxwell, who used it la printing the Intelligencer, the first paper In Seattle. Finally, its career as a print ing machine ended, it being stored as a historic relic and was destroyed by the great fire in Seattle In 1SSC. In the flrsi . i-urther along In tr.e r I" .". " - V.-; " ' - V V" . 7 , u""u"1: 1MC Ulau" i"OWUM l"ai "" it is stated that the expedition lft i. , "Liu'm "caL V ; "?; must devote his entire time and atten- ?ndence. Mo! hi M8?d i LtZlli ! tIo durI business hours to the dufes composed of 43 person,-. If te writer t"0 r,trarift heate taVt mv ?r the omce." This was Inserted for meant to say that that was the first over- Take '-0 trot oSe tS'funfin ' ba,ncomb? , ? cover uthe tt of, a T000 land expedition to California he may be y'alSS1 JSnfnd butJem rlducldto -So right; but not so as regards Orcoa. The third heat?- time '-11". '-12 Joe Watts 1, a"erwara reduced to J 000 t i j, . ... . .i '1"lu iic.ti.-., nine, .xi,, .it. joe aiu i to talrn offoof TirVion tho nravnnt fivni. i- is unu wiarA party cam? to urecron in -u-nn tho r-nntv. v.t i referred to In the paragraph first above quoted. 3. In The Oregonlan of August 15, under date of Hlllsboro, August 15, In speaking of Richard Everett "Wiley as a printer who came in 3S45, it is said that "before arriving in Oregon he set up the plant of the Oregon Pioneer, purchased by J. S. Grlffln, this being the first newspaper plant brought to the territory." I am curious to know where the author of the article In question obtained his in formation. However, the facts are these: The first paper In Oregon was called The Oregon Spectator, semi-monthly, and it was issued at Oregon City, en February 3, i && K contained four pages, with four columns to the page. The printer- was John Fleming. The material was sent out from New York by Governor George Ab ernethy, in 1845. The next paper was The Oregon Free Press, weekly, four pages, two columns to page. 12x16 Inches in size, edited by George L. Curry, and lasted ! less than one year. This was also pub near Hlllsboro, and several numbers. ' eight, I believe, of semi-monthly publlca- YEARS AGO. tions issued under the titl-s of "The Ore gon American and Evangelical Unionist," with Charles F. Putnam as printer, a his name appeared on the first page of each Issue as such. uch. The first issue is not dated. ?." ' d:te of "Wednesday, 818. Therefore, it !s presumed but No oune zl. u:a. inerciore. it is presumed -hiLJhen?.T3t numbCr n'3S, l3EUCd ,a JUnC 1S4S. i.ii-.c ir. uu ouu-. jji ui iuuciw in any way whatever to The Oregon Ft" necr as a newspaper, or to Mr. Wiley as the printer thereof, in any of the early publications, so far as known to thc writer. However, he would be glad to learn that he Is mistaken, provided docu mentary proof can be shown, as that lies at the foundat'on of every 5tatcmrnt he has made In this art!cle in attempting to correct what are believed to be erroneous statements. GEORGE H HIMES. Asi;tant Secretary Orcgcn Historical So ciety. HARNESS RACES, Yesterday's "Winners nt the Grand Circuit Meeting. PROVIDENCE. R. I., Aug. 30. There was racing from 2 o'clock until darkness today at the grand circuit meeting, and , tho Municipal Jude from office on recom the 2:20 class was carried over until to- . mendatlon of the ToKce Commissioners, morrow because or darkness. Summary: Narragansett 2:12 trot, stake ?2000-Geor- gena won three straight heats In 2:12, "lr.2:nVm ..-, . 2:CS pace, purse JloOO-Courler Journal :14. Maggie Anderson won the first heat in 2:12. RUXXIKG RACES. Races nt Shccpshentl Bay. NEW YORK. Aug. SO. Summaries at Sheepshead Bay: Five and a half fnrlonir. solllnir S.nnrt Piper won. Basuto second. Tallcose third: time, 1:07 3-5. One mile Kamara won, Gen Mart Gary second. Brigadier third; time. 1:C0. Partridge .ak?s, six fu loigs Jemurrer won. Longshoreman second, Glen Nellie third; time. 1:14. The Reapers' stakes, mile and three sixteenths David Garrick won, Toddy second. Advance Guard third; time, G:00 2-5. Seven furlongs, selling Maximo Gomez won- PreJudIce second, F.aunt third; time, 1:;i.,1"0, .,,..,. , "le and sixteenth on turf Montanlc on Compensation second, MacLeod of Dare thlrd; tirae' 1:4' "- Races at na-rrthorne. CHICAGO, Aug. CO. Summaries at Haw thorne: Four and a half furlcngs The Elk won, Frldolin spcond, Katherlne Ennls third; time. 0:35. Six furlongs Major DIron won. Miss Mae Day second, Boney Bov third; time, 1:14. j Five and a half furlongs Tyr won, Bon i nie Llssak second, Harry Herenden third; j time, 1-.09V4. The Superior stakes, mile and an eighth J The Unknown won, Florizar second, Star , Chamber third; time. 1:38. I Mile and a sixteenth Hard Knot won. , Brigade second, Found third; time. 1:47. ' Mile, selling Jim W won. Dagmar sec ond, Hand Press third; time, 1:42. THE KATIONAL LEAGUE. Tltlrteen-Innlngr Tie Between Chica go and Cincinnati. CHICAGO, Aug. 30. Cincinnati and Chi cago fought a hard 13-innlng battle to a tie today. Attendance 2000. The score: R H E R H E Chicago 3 9 OjCIncInnatl 3 10 k Batteries Callahan and Dexter; New ton and Kahoe. Umpire Emslle. Hrooklyn Beat Philadelphia. BROOKLYN, Aug. 30. After pitching good ball for seven innings, Dunn was pounded for 10 hits and the Brooklyns won out in a canter. Attendance 1700. The score: R H E R H E Philadelphia ..3 7 2Brooklyn .. ..14 18 2 Batteries Dunn and McFarland; Wey hlng and Farrell. Umpire Hurst. Kctv Yorlc Bent Boston. BOSTON, Aug. 30. Willis went to pieces in the 10th and allowed four hits, besides making two errors. This gave New York three runs and the game. Van Haltren played a magnificent game In center field. Attendance 1000. The score: R H Ej R H E Boston 3 S 3New York 5 12 2 Batteries Willis, Clarke and Sullivan; Mercer and Grady. Umpire Swartwood. National Lengnc Standing. Won. Loit. P. C. Brooklyn fil 3S .610 Plttsburs 55 4d .3 Philadelphia 51 51 .500 Boston 50 51 .405 Chlcnpo C...50 5X .402 Cincinnati 48 51 .475 St. Louis ..' 47 53 .470 New York 42 07 .424 The American Leagrne. At Cleveland Cleveland 3, Kansas City 4. At Detroit Detroit 11, Minneapolis 3. At Indianapolis Indianapolis 3, Milwau kee 7. Baron Farnhnm Dead. LONDON. Aug. 30. Somerset Henry Maxwell, tenth Baron Farnham. Is dead, aged SI years. CITY CHARTER CHANGES FORECAST OF THINGS TO BE , AT TEMPTED IK THE LEGISLATURE. A Letter Written by One of the Sena tors Elected by tne Upturn tittst June. PORTLAND. Or., Aug. 30.-(To the Edi-' tor.) "Whether we need a new charter or not Is easily determined by an analysis of the one under which we are now operating. To say that it is either all good or all bad is to speak without knowl edge or reflection. "Were our charter all good and all sufficient we should be a happy and contented people, and If It were all bad we should be worse oft even that we are now. That we have both good and bad features In it la to be ex pected, but that we should have vcry muoh in It that is bad is not creditable to us as a community or to our delega tion In the Legislature which conceived and enacted it. That there Is much in it to be condemned will be shown In this communication, and It Is the hope of the writer that all the Ills mentioned, and others that may develop later on, may be remedied at the coming session of the Legislature. The charter Incorporates and estab lishes the limits of the city, and then places its power and authority in a Mayor, Common Council, Boards of Police and Fire Commissioners, a Board of Pub lic "Works and a "Water Committee. Or dinarily a Mayor is supposed to be the chief executive of the city and to have control of all subordinate executive offi cers. Experience teaches us that May ors and political bosses often disagree, and that having been the case In nu merous Instances here in Portland In the past, the managers of our local political machine have caused the Legislature' to limit our Mayor's power from time to time until at present he Is but little more than a figurehead. He can preside at meetings of the Common Council and veto its ordinances if he chooses; he can call the heads of the various departments together for consultation In the people's j,nterest and th ignore as they j hare heretofore; he can appoint an officer . to nmini, th(.i nnrnntK nnA w . tn nTn,n th(.,,. ., ,, .,.. i Prevent its being done: he can appoint , nllimhlnrr n:nutnr hnWfc nfl1 V.nT- bor-master and superintendent ot tne street-cleaning department, the latter to hold during the Mayor's pleasure, the oth ers during their own pleasure there be ing no provision for their removal or for the expiration of their terms of ofllcp. (According to the terms of the charter we have duplicate and triplicate officers in some of these offices at present.) He can hereafter appoint one member of both the Police and Fire Commissioners once every two years and yearlv one member of the Board of Public "Works, but having onco appointed them he has no power over their actions, or to re move them, however necessary or desir able he may deem It to be. He can Ign warrants for payment of all claims against the city, except as hereafter noted In connection with the Water Com mittee; he can accept only a part of the bondsvrunnlng to the city; he can remove -ho never make the recommendation i evPn when It Is hlghlv necessary, and appoint his ?uceesor; he can draw his own salary, and that is about all. and f0r such services ho Is naid MO0O nor was elected. He has absolutely nothing to do with the Potlce and Fire Commis sioners and Board of Public Works, other than above stated, and with the Water and Port Commissioners he has no more to do than If they were In somo other country. It Is doubtful If In any other city on earth the Mayor has not control o the police as he ought. But how Is It In Portland? Read from the charter: The Tollce Department of tve City of Port land yhall bs arrolntfd. organized and con ducted by thre Commissioners, who, together with the Chief of Pofire of raid city, rha.ll be styled the Board of Police Commissioners of the City of Portland. The Board of Pcllc Commlnslonera shall have full, complete and exclusive authority In the orcanlzatlon, man agement and control of the Police Department of jald city, and all owers and duties Inci dent to or connct"d with tlie appointment, regulation and rovernment of the Police De partment of said cttv shall be exclusively be.'ted In said board. Sm. 03. rar. 1. Read again from paragraph 6, same section: The Chief ot Police of said city shall by vir tue of his ofllce be a Comml-sloner. and shall exercise all the rowers and perform all the duties of a member thereof. Here we find first a repetition of the i'u"c'" " me uoaru, ana second a repe tition of the endowment of the chief, oo that no possible misconstruction could be made of the language by any court which might he called upon to construe its meaning. The chief thus becomes the governing member of the board and the other members become his satellites or his critics, and by skillful manipulation he can retain the office for life. Former ly the Mayor could remove any or all of the Commissioners of Chief but that power has been taken from him. The Commissioners are appointed by him at alternate periods of two years for terms of six years each; and thus the endless chain goes on, so that with all the police powers exclusively vested In them, and no authority over them, they, like all other bodies similarly endowed, would become overbearing and autocratic with the people. The Board of Fire Commis sioners (except as to the chief), and the Board of Public Works, are hedged about by similar provisions. The Water Com mittee is not of so great consequence from a campaign point of view as tho other boards, yet for obvious reasons It is made more independent by a provis ion much stronger than the others, to wit: Tho power to elect successors to such of its members as become In any way disqualified from serving. The peo ple, indirectly through the Mayor, have a small voice in the appointment of the Police and Fire Commissioners, but as to the Water Committee the people are simply legislated into "Innocuous desue tude." The committee's powers are ab solute and it Is not answerable to any power whatever for Its doings. It an- polnts Its own treasurer to hold and dis burse the money received from the sale of bonds, but all receipts for water con sumption are paid to tho City Treasurer. Why this discrimination? The commit tee was chosen by the power which made the charter (not by the people at all), from among the best citizens we have, and yet many loud complaints have been made against It, and several attempts have been made to Investigate its do ings, all of which have been thwarted in one way or another. One thing Is sure, the committee has spent millions of the people's money, and the people have a right to know the particulars whether right or wrong, and they have a right to elect any and all committees and com missioners which are to serve them. Some people object to any change in this committee because it might be offen sive to some of its members who are air honorable men. They can avoid any ouense Deing given Dy resigning, just as was suggested to one of the Police Commissioners when the charter was be ing enacted two years ago. The Port of Portland has the same power of electing its own successors and thus perpetuating Itself In power, and It also has the right to levy a tax on the people and spend the proceeds as It pleases, being unhampered by any au thority to question its methods or re sults. It is not provided for by tho charter, however, although it Is perform ing functions which properly belong to the city. Loud complaints and harsh statements have been made about it, too, but to no effect. The rights of the Common Council have been encroached upon until It has but small excuse left for existence. The Board of Public Works supplants It in "the exclusive management and control of the construction, reconstruction and maintenance of all pujbllc and local im provements," "to provide for lighting the city. ' "to have management ot all pub lic buildings and -grounds." "to have the management and control of the street cleaning and sprinkling department," "to authorize and regulate the manner of the erection of all telephone, telegraph, elec tric lights, electric railways, street-cars, railroads, and all motor, gas, steam and sewer pipes." "let contracts and have charge of all public works." and "make all purchases of supplies for said city," 5P there is but little left for the Coun cil to do except pass obnoxious ordi nances. The president of the board may thank his lucky stars that he was de feated for such an undesirable offlcs as Councilman, when the Mayor can appoint him as a sort of a "boss" over both board and Council. Other powers properly belonging to the Mayor and Council have been delegated to these various boards to such an ex tent that 'It is not only startling but' alarming when one realizes the real dan gers arising from the conspiracy on the part of those responsible for the charter by which the people are divested of the right of self-government. The officers elected by the people are become Impo tent to represent them by reason ot these limitations of their powers, and the usurpation of them by these various boards answerable to no one but political bosses. Mayors and Councils may come and go. but boards, by appointment, go on forever. One of the most baneful features of this "commission by appointment" mat ter is that the power which chooses the members "naturally looks among its kind for them, and thus there is a community nf tntAYAC-t In Mil m... .. I . . -- .....ot 41i m, juauera coining Detore them which is not always to the benefit of those whom they are presumed to serve. It Is not good business policy to hire one's employes all out of one family. The object of the conspiracy which thus divests the people of their political rights Is to build up a self-psrpetuathig pouticai machine strong enough to ma nipulate and control all patronage and legislation in the city, county and state, and to dictate all Federal patronage in the state as well. Do we want such a machine In our midst? Are we great enough in population and we'alth to af ford such a political extravagance as .this? Hardly yet. With delinquent tax lists, blanket license ordinances and oth er objectionable matters being published abroad, Portland is obtaining an unen viable reputation which It ought not to have. How can we best redeem the city from the Ills which best it? W.e can at least change the medicine and give It a chance to recover. We can hnve a char ter which will avoid all the objectionable features above set forth. We can have a. charter which will abolish useless offices and reduce exorbitant salaries; re move political barmclcs and tax-eaters and make taxes payable In installments, by those desiring It. Now that we will soon have tho direct primary law. all elections ought to come at one time and n'.ace and save expense and annoyance. Each voter should be made to pay a poll-tax at the time he registers, and O-ose not entitled to vote should pay double the amount. Non-taxnavprs should be obliged to pay all court costs in advance when they apply to it for aid. Adopt the cumulative sentence plan ''nd make prisoners work on the rock pile. The police department should be completely reconstructed, the civil ser vice feature abolished, special police sys tem be wiped out. and the City Jail and police department moved to the top story of the City Hall, where It ought to be. Sell the old Jail property for more than "nough to make tho change. The beats of the police patrolman should be fhangd at least once a month so that no one officer could patrol the same loat more than once a year. The Mu nicipal Judge and Justices' offices in the city should be consolidated and clerk em ployed only when the Judge has too much business to perform thc clerical work hlmsolf; the poundmaster's office should be abolished and his duties trans ferred to the superintendent of streets, the patrolman being. obliged to kill all unlicensed dogs on their beats; thc license collector's office should be abol ished and patrolmen made to see that all license ordinances are enforced. They can find all Chinese and white gamblers under the new "triple alliance" arrange ment; thpy surely should be able to find all decent people needing licenses. (Somo people wonder why only part of the specials can find the scarlet women and other shady people and assess them, and the proceeds not get Into the city treas ury.) The City Physician and health offices should be combined Into one with an as sistant for plumbing inspector, and tho officer should be made cx-officlo County Coroner and Physician. All city and county offices should be combined In an ex-ofilclo manner so far as practicable. u.ne harhor-master should be a detail from the police force. All officers receiv ing $1000 or more per annum should be elected by the people, and any officer or employe of the city should be removed from office If guilty of drunkenness, gambling or associating with vile women. Any perron not a citizen holding office should be punished by imprisonment in jail for a term. All repairs for improved streets should be paid for out of the general fund. Books of all officers hand ling public funds should be examined once during each term of office by ex pert. The Common Council should be prohibited from licensing any business not requiring police supervision. The Leg islature should be prohibited from Inter fering in our local . matters, and private and corporate interests should be made to apply to our city authorities for privi leges or exemptions. Potitions asking for street improvements should choose their own inspectors. Remission of fines by Municipal Judge should be prohibited. Appointments of relatives of elective offi cers to public positions should be pro hibited. Contractors not living up to their agreements should be prevented do ing further business with the city. Above all things else a plan should be found by which all officers of both high and low degree can be forced to per form their duties. Perhaps another board elected by the people whose sole and only function should be to hear and determine all complaints In this line with power to discipline or discharge the offender might be advisable. Perhaps some better plan may be suggested. These are a few of the things neg lected or ignored by our present charter, and when one understands the situation wen, ne cannot wonder tnat a move ment was inaugurated among the peoplo last May which had neither head, body nor tall, but which did have the well fare ot the city enough at heart to grow to a strength sufficient to gain a "par tial victory" of 16 to 1 on the Legislative ticket against such a conspiracy. Is it to be wondered at that the people arose in their own defense and consigned un worthy servants to oblivion? Will the Legislative delegation which they have chosen perform its duty to them in a full and fearless manner? It is doubtful if there is one of them who will fail to come up to the expectation of the clean est constituency that ever sent men to the Legislature from this county. Our county and state matters are In but little if any better condition than our city's, and they will receive vigorous attention, too. Many of the delegates from other counties welcome the promise of substantial help from us. Yes, we need a new charter for our, city, our county, our state. J. E. HUNT. Max Hayes Discharged. CLEVELAND, O., Aug. CO. Max Hayes, the well-known labor leader, who was lore of the TEETH EXTRACTED AXD FILLED AB SOLUTELY WITHOUT PAIN, by our lato scientific method applied to the sums. No sleep-producing agents or cocaine. These are the only dental parlors In Port land havtns PATENTED APPLIANCES and Ingredients to extract, all and apply Bold crowns and porcelains crowns undetectable from natural teeth, and warranted for 10 years. WITHOUT THE LEAST PALV. Full eet ot teeth, $5, a perfect fit guaranteed or nof pay. Gold crowns. $5. Gold fllllnss, SI. Sil ver fllllnrs, 50c All work done by GRADU ATE DENTISTS of from 12 to 20 years' ex perience, and each department In charge ot a specialist. Give us a call, and you will find ua tp do exactly as we advertise. We will tell you in advance exactly what your work will cost by a FREE EXAMINATION. SET TEETH 35.00 GOLD CROWNS 85.0O GOLD FILLINGS ?1.00 SILVER FILLINGS BO NO PLATES New York Dental Parlors MAIN OFFICE: Fourth and Morrison sts., Portland. Or. HOURS-S to 8: SUNDAYS. 10 TO 4. BRANCH OFFICES: 72.1 Market St., San Francisco. Cal. 014 First ave.. Seattle. Wash. nominated for Vice-President on the Socialist-Labor ticket some time ago, was discharged at the Central Police Court" today at the trla'l on the charge of dis orderly conduct. Hayes was arrested August 11 while addressing an open-air meeting here. Judge Kennedy declared that the questions Involved concerned the personal liberties of a man, and the right of free speech. He added that In this case the police had Infringed upon these rights and overstepped their authority. OPPOSED TO POLYGAMY. Attitude of the Missouri Church. Mormon KANSAS CIT, Mo., Aug. SO. In an ad dress today to members of the reorgan ized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Joseph Smith, president of the church and son of Joseph Smith, its founder, defined the church's attitude toward polygamy. The occasion was the meeting of the Saints at their annual re union at Washington Park. Joseph Smith stated In the most emphatic words that the Latter-Day Saints do not be lieve in polygamy; that they never had believed In It; that their founder, Joseph Smith, had so stated again and again In unmistakable words. "In the doctrine and covenants of Jo seph Smith, published first in 1S33 and published again and again after that, plural marriage is forbidden," said Presi dent Smith. "The covenants are unmis takable. No one of us at that time ever thought of plural marriage until Joseph Smith, founder of the church, died. Then, a few years later, that branch of the church . which had gone to Utah pro claimed Its belief through revelation in a plural marriage. The doctrine and cov enants were published In Utah with that section eliminated which forbade plural marriages. The section forbidding plural marriages was contained In every edition until the Utah church published its own edition. We Latter-Day Saints are heart and soul opposed to plural marriage. We believe that bigamy forms no part of tho teachings of our church. My father has been dead 56 years. I have consist ently followed my father's teachings. I am here the representative of the reor ganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. I am also here as the son of my father. I am trying to follow out the doctrines of my church and to rescue my father's name from obloquy. My father was not a lavbreaker; neither was he a polygamlst. It is for me to say this, that the American people may not injure the church and do my- father a wrong." What is wanted of soap for the skin is to wash it clean and not hurt it. Pure soap does that. This is why we want pure soap; and when we say pure, we mean without alkali. Pears' is pure; no free alkali. There are a thou sand virtues of soap; this one is enough. You can trust a soap that has no biting alkali in it. All sorts of stores sell it, especially druggists; all sorts of people use it. Tou can put my Improved Electric Belt around your waist when you go to bed, set tho regulator so as to give the force of the current that you like, and can go to sleep with the soothing, vitalizing in fluence pouring through your body. It brings you health and strength. eumatism Lame Back. Kidney Trouble, Varicocele, Nervous and Vital Weakness and many other troubles are quickly overcome by this method. It will cure the most ag gravated cases In a few days. Call and test it If you can, or send for my booklet telling about It, free. Is i o 3 CORNER FOURTH AND MORRISON nnnTi AHin APPfiriN rUl I LAfSU -... VJt tUUil IPksI?!! THE PALATIAL Not a dark office in the balldlnsi absolutely fireproof electric llshta and artesian ivateri perfect aanlta tlon and thoronsrh ventilation. Ele vat ora rnn day and night. Kootna. AINST.IE. DR. GEORGE. PhyitcIan....8C3-M A.VDEP.SON. GUSTAV. Attornfy-t-Lair...8i3 A.M)UIATF.D PRESSr E. L. Powell. Mxr..80t AUSTEN. F. C. Manager for Oregon and Washington Bankers' Ufa AoDOclatlon. of Des Molneo. la.. ......502-303 BAVKERS LIFE ASSOCIATION. OF DES MOINES. IA.;F. a Austen. Manarer..302-3C3 SATNTIIN. GEO. R.. Mgr. tor Chaa. Scrlb- ners Sons .....318 BEAI.S. EDWARD A.. Forecast Official C. K Weather Burnau .......MO HF.NJAMI.V. R VT.. DentWt 3l niXPWAXGER. DH. O. 8.. Phyi. A Bur.4t0-Hl BROOKE. DR. J. M.. Fhys. & Sur 703-709 BKOWJf. MTHA. M. D 313-314 RRUERE. DU. G. E.. Physician 412-413-414 WSTEED. RICHARD. Agent Wltoon & Mc- CoIIay Tobacco Co. ..C02-COJ CAUKIN. O. E.. District Agent Tra-releraf Insunnc Co. . ........ 713 rVRDTVEI.t,. DR. J. R COt COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANT (KM-ow-eoe-eoT-ctt-flu-an r-ORXELius. C. W.. Phyj.. and Surgeon... .2M " COVRR. F. C. Cah!(r Equltablo Life. .....30 COLLIER. P. P.. Publisher; S. P. McGulre. Manager 418-4H AT .1. O. & r. N. 313 HAVT5. XAPOLEOX. President Columbia TMphon- Co .........(501 DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician T13-7I4 rtrtAKE. DR. H. B.. Physician B12-513-314 PWTTCR. JOE. F. Tobaccos 403 miTORlAL RCOMS Eighth floor FOUITVBI.E LTFEAFSTIRANCE SOCIETT: L. Parr-net. Manager: F. C Cover. Cashler.30fl nVENIXG TELEGRAM S25 Alder rtrett FENTON. .T. D..PhyrtcIan and Surtteon. 509-310 rnNTON. DR. HTCKK C. Eye and Ear 31 1 FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist 009 FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION; E. C. Stark. Manager 601 GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and Draughts man ..................................... .000 GAVIN. A.. President Oregon Camera Club. 214-213-318-21J GEA.RT. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and Surgeon 212-213 CKR11IF. PUB. CO.. Ltd.. Fine Art Publish er: M. C. McGreevy. Mgr 313 GIEST. A. J.. Physician and Surgeon.. .700-710 GODDARD. E. a & CO.. Footwear Ground floor. 120 Sixth atrett GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Mar.ajrtr Manhattan Life Insurance Co. of Netr York". 200-219 GRANT. FRANK S.. Attomey-at-Le.w...C17 HAMMAM BATHS. King & Corapton. Propa.10 HAMMOND. A. B ..r.Y..?TirKJ- HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phya. it Sur. .504-303 IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law..41(H7-l3 JOHNSON. W. C. 313-310-31: KADT. MARK T.. Supervisor of Agents Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n CO4-603 LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephono Co 60! LITTLEFIELD. H. R.. Pays, and Surgeon. ,20 MA.CRUM. W. S.. Sec. Oregon Camera Chib.214 MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phyn. and Surg. .71 1-712 MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & 8urg. .701-2-3 McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 713 McFADEN. MIPS IDA E.. Stenographer.... 20t McGEfN. HENRY E.. Attorney-at-Law .311-3)3 McKELL. T. X. Manufacturers' Representa. tlva 303 METT. HENRY 218 MILLER. DR. HERBERT C.. Dentist and Oral Surgeon 60S-00S MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentlat 312-313-314 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New York; W. Goldman. Manager.... 200-213 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N; Marie T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents. .004-003 Mcelroy, dr. j. g.. Phys. & sur.701-702-703 McFARLAND. E. B., Secretary Columbia Telephone- Co. ......601 McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier. Publisher 413-413 VrKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law 300 MUTUAL LIFE 7NCURANCE CO.. of New York; "Wm. S. Fond. State Mgr. .404-403-408 NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-La.w.713 N1LES. M. L. Cannier Manhattan Life in surance Co.. of New York ........201 OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHT: Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath.. .403-403 OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-218-210-217 PATTERSON. PETER iOO IOND. WM S.. State Manager Mutuat Life Ina. Co. of New York 404-405-400 PORTLAND EYE AN DEAR INFIRMARY. Ground floor. 133 Sixth xtreet PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.; J. H. Marshall. Manager 313 QUIMBY. L. P. W.. Game and Forestry Warden 710-71? ROSENDALE. O M.. Metallurgist and Min ing Engineer 315-313 REED & MALCOLM. Opticians. 133 SIxat street REED. F C. Flflh Commissioner. ..........407 RYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Law 41T FAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life. . 303 SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO : H F Bushong. Gen. Agent for Ora. and Wah...... 501 SHERWOOD. J. W.. Peputr Supreme Com mander BT. O. T. M. 31T SMITH. Dr. L. B.. Osteopath 408-409 SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.300 3TARK. E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity Mutuat Life Association of Phila.. Pa Wn STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law 817-dlS STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentlat 704-703 SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO TOO ETROWBRIDGE. THOS. H.. Executive Spe cial Agent Mutuat Life of New York.. ...409 SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE 201 TUCKER. PR. GEO. F. Dentist B10-atl U S. WEATHER BUREAU 907-008-000-310 U. 8. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST.. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A. 803 r P FVGTVFFR OFFTCF RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A. 819 WATERMAN. C. H.. Cashier Mutual Llf of New York 408 retary Native Daughters 718-717 WHITE. MISS L. E.. Assistant Secretary Oregon Camera Club ................. ....21 WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phys. Bur.304-3 WILSON. DR. GEO. F.. Phys. & Surg. ,70-70T WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phyn. A Surr.B07-6CJ WILSON & McCALLAY TOBACCO CO.: Richard Busteed. Agent 602-C03 WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician 412-413-414 WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO. ..613 A few more elegant offices may be had by applying to Portland Trnrt. Company of Oregon, 109 ThlrJ at., or to the rent cleric In the building. MEN No Cure No Pay THE MODERN APPLIANCE A positive way to perfect manhood. The VACUUM TREATMENT CURES you without medicine of all nervous or diseases cf the generative or gans, such as lost manhood, exhaustive drain. arlcocele. lmpotency. etc Men are quickly re stored to perfect health and strength. W rtta for circulars. Correspondence confidential. THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.. room 47-4J e health apfliamce co.. ro. ISafa Deposit building. Seattle. WMh. DU! GUI