r
THE MOKNING OSEGOljflAN, TUESDAY, AUG-DST 28, 1900.
10
EXPLORERS OF THE MIDDLE WEST
(Copyriefct, 1900. tor Seymour Eaton.
THE OREGON! AN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE. DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON
DISCOVERERS AND EX
PLORERS OF NORTH AMERICA
By the mWdfle of the 18th century the
STench had xnade extensive explorations
Into the Interior of the continent. For
200 years and more the pioneers of rew
yraace--adveaturers, soldiers, restless fur
traders, brave and patient priests had
been ttiW"C their -way through the Mis
sissippi Valley. As early as 1634 Nicollet
;waa In "Wisconsin and Illinois. Soon after
this Hartjuette taught his faith to the
anin at the Falls of St. Mary and
massed on even to the farther end of
afce Superior. In 1673 Jollet and Mar
ouette paddled their hirchen canoes up
he Fox river and hy way of the Wls
consln came out on the broad bosom of
She Mississippi. In 1CS2 La Salle, the
isreatest traveler and most adventurous
cplrft of them all. flocked down the
SOssIssippl to Its mouth and took formal
roossesslon of the great valley In the
taame of the grand monarch of France.
Before 17B0 daring explorers had traversed
xhe northern plains and bad entered the '
tvini. nf the Rockv Mountains. Various
-eettlements were made at convenient
points Detroit, St. Louis and New Or
leans were founded. Basing his claims on
.exploration end settlement the King of
jyranoe claimed the heart of the contin
gent. The Englishmen in building up strong
tond self-reliant colonies along the Atlan
tic coast had done nothing In the way of
texploring the vast interior wilderness.
"Early in the ISth century Governor Spots
"wood, of Virginia, had caused no little
aUr in his province by leading expedl
"tions into the Shenandoah Valley; that )
each a feat was heralded abroad ana
Jcnade much of brings sharply to our at
tention the essentially conservative and
businesslike character of English colon
ttEatlon. By 1750, however, the English
"were preparing to move across the moun
ftalns. The "back country" along the
eastern slope of the Alleghenies was peo
pled with a hardy folk who did toot
tehrink from danger and were accus
tomed to privation. In the uplands of
Pennsylvania, Virginia and the Carolinas
Dived th "Western pioneers of "that time.
&hey were in some respects different from
feho settlers along the coast; many of
"Jhem were Scotch-Irish, a self-reliant,
feturdy Btock, flt Instruments "for under
taking this wilderness work," well suited
'to the task of taking possession of the
interior region, the attractive valley then
almost uninhabited save by the red men,
&ut claimed in all its Kength and breadth
fiby the sovereign of France. They were
fearless men of action, who seemed to
-court danger and to love peril.
In considering the work of exploration
!md discovery In the Middle West It is
"well flrst to remember that almost noth
ing was done by the English settlers of
the coast until there was the beginning
iof what we might call economic demand.
fXhe verj flrst travelers who passed
rfhrough the region of Kentucky and Ten
nessee, were, so to speak, blazing the
way for actual settlement. It Is also
well to notice that the eastern half of
the Mississippi Valley is divded into two
toot unequal parts by the Ohio. The
aaorthern portion contained French set
tlements at an early day, but it received
no English settlers during the colonial
period of our history, the first regular
settlement being made at Marietta in
27(58, the year of the adoption of the Fed
eral Constitution. The old Northwest, as
we now call it, was essentially public do
main and the pioneer was more or less
effectually protected in the early days by
Federal troops. I do not mean to suggest
that there were not occasional Indian for
ays, against the settlements north of the
Ohio, but the country was soon won Jby
armies for the peaceful occupation of the
emigrants from the old states. So rap
Idly was this rogion peopled when once
the process had begun that Ohio was
ready for admission Into the Union in
380S, only IB years after Marietta was
founded. South of the Ohio explorations
were made and little settlements were
planted before the outbreak of the Revo
lution. There were only a few Indians in
Kentucky and those lived along the banks
of the Mississippi. Kentucky was "the
dark and bloody ground," a belt of ter
ritory lyin between the Algonqulns ot
the north and the Cherokees and Creeks
of the south. This was doubtless some
advantage to the whites that flrst settled
There, but as it was all exploration in
the country south of the Ohio was under
taken in the face of great danger from
the Indians. Indeed, it is this fact that
adds the romance and charm to the
lives of the brave men like Boone and
Robertson and Sevier, at once pioneer
settlers and explorers, leading on the
van of English civilization and driving
slowly backward the most cruel foe, the
most dangerous savage enemy that has
resisted the encroachment of the Euro
pean anywhere in the world. One is often
at a loss to account for the brave, un
tiring energy with which these men went
on and on. winning new homes from the
wilderness. Every settlement in Ken-
lucky and Tennessee had Its tale of hor- i
Tor. its stop- of unspeakable atrocities
but. spite of disaster, clearing was added
to clearing. DlocKnouse ana pausaae were
KrJ25rJneJK "
munities sprang Into existence in the
midst of the lonely primeval forest. For
over a third of a century the vigorous,
rugged men were engaged in almost con
tinuous warfare.
By the middle of the 16th century, as
I have said, the people along the moun
tain confines of the English colonies were
on the verge of passing over the bar
rier. The colonial authorities were
anxious to gain a hold upon this terri
tory before it was fully garrisoned and
defended by the French. A few enter
prising men had already begun to look
to this western country as flt ground for
colonisation. Two companies were or
ganized the Ohio Company and the Loy
al Land Company having for their ob
ject the occupation of the country near
the upper Ohio and In Southwestern Vir
ginia and Kentucky. Dr. Thomas Walk
er, a Virginian, was engaged by the
Loyal Land Company "to go to the west-
ward in order to discover a proper place a palisade were erected, and the brave
for settlement." He was the flrst to make j uttle band prepared to hold Kentucky
n extensive expedition through the for- ( against the red men. No words can ex
ost region t.outh of the Ohio. In March, aggerate the difficulty and the dangers of
1730, he. with five others, began a dim- ! tne task. The savages, who were now in
cult and perilious Journey, passing over ieasuc .with the British and bitterly hos
tile mountains into Kentucky and spend- tlle t0 the American intruder, attacked
ing four months in the laborious tMsk them m jjnbers or prowled about and
of threading the thick forests, pushing ,not mftn at thelr worj or fell upon them
his way through laurel thickets or fol- ( when huntin& or carried eft captive any
lowing Indian trails or the well-beaten Qne whQ wanderd too ar from the stock
roads made by the buffalo. a(Je Boone-s daughter and two other
The most famous of all the early pio- ' gjj.j,. were captured by the Indians,
neers of the great West was Daniel Soon after tnis Boone himself, with 27
iioone, "tne nrst nunter oi jventucicy.
RiimHnr nut Btrjiinsr Tne nivarv nacK-
cround of the Wilderness we see in this
, - .
ruggea pioneer a man oi rare wecuir5
of character, an Indian slayer who was
neither crael nor revengeful; a bold, fear
less, interpid soud who was yet gentle,
kind and thoughtful. He was a tall man.
sinewy and strong, a sure hot. learned
nf "tWn VnrtYna liToi, iri
In the lore
dangers and
broken a less vigorous constitution. He
had the typical temperament of the West-
orn backwoodsman. He was self-reliant.
patient, simple, resolute and gifted with
'unlimited powers of endurance. He moved
out Into the Kentucky forests in obedl
enco to an Inner impulse, a restless crav
ing for adventure which seems almost
out of keeping with his quiet, self-re-etrained
nature. He was born in Penn
sylvania, but -spent his boyhood on the
banks of the Yadkin in North Carolina.
At an early date he past-ed over the
mountains to hunt. There is still stand
ing in Eastern Tennessee, near Boone's
Creek, an old beech tree on which can
be read the following inscription: "D.
Boon cilled a bar on tree in the year
17X
In U with four companions he made
a long expedition Into the "West "I re
signed my domestic happiness for a
time," ho said, "and left my family and
peaceable habitation on the Yadkin River
in North Carolina to -wander through the
wilderness of America in quest of the
country of Kentucky." Such are the
words attributed to him by Filson, the
flrst historian of Kentucky; but we may
be sure that the simple Boone used no
such pedantic and stilted language.
Through the whole of that Summer and
the next Autumn the tireless adventurer
wandered through the Kentucky forests,
shooting the deer, the bear, the elk and
the bison and other game with which the
country abounded. In December their
troubles began. Boone and one of his
companions were taken prisoners by the
Indians, within a few days they escaped,
but on their return to their old camp I
found it abandoned by their friends. They
were then joined by two others, one ot
them Squire Boone, who had come on the
long Jornuey to And his brother and had
succeeded in doing so in some mysterious
way known, only to those who have with
in them Instinctive knowledge of nature
and know the secrets of the forest. Again
the party was attacked by the Indians.
The brothers escaped, but one of their
DANIEL
companions was shot and killed, "the first power for your release. Whatever hap
of the thousands of human beings with pens, remember this that if there is one
whose llfeblood Kentucky was bought." man In England who believes In your ln
Thelr remaining companion now went nocence, I am that man.'
back to North Carolina and the two : "It was only by accident that I heard
Jirnthora eriAtit th winter toirpthpr In the of Lord Russell's death, for I have not
wilderness. In May It was decided that
Squire should return through the trade
less woods to the Yadkin settlements,
hundreds of miles '.away, for supplies.
Daniel was left for four months all alone
In. the dreary forest, without bread, salt
or sugar, and with only his trusty rifle
as a companion. "I confess." he says,
"I never before was under greater neces
sity of exercising philosophy and forti
tude." During a large portion of the time
he was in danger from the Indians. In
themlddle of the Summer his brother re
turned. Fearing that the savages would
discover them, they went over into the
Valley of the- Cumberland, and In the
Spring of 1771 returned home. Boone had
spent two years in the wilderness, no
small part of the time alone and over
half of the time accompanied only by his
brother.
Two years later Boone sold his farm in
North Carolina and with his family and
band of 40 men started once more for the
West. His love of nature and his zeal for
adventure were too strong to suffer him
to remain In comparative ease In North
Carolina. All went well for a time, but
on entering the Cumberland Mountains
they were attacked by Indians, who killed
six of the white men, among them
Boone's eldest son. This defeat discour
aged the emigrants, and they returned to
the Clinch River, some 40 miles from the
place of disaster. But disaster haa no
v., ..r,, ttyt ntmnr T?nnne. who in a
. . ... . . ,.. nf enrvevors
h mountains down to the falls
. . next undertakinK was,
i . . t rk out and
' SartraVfo? pTck' horses from, the
eastern
ettlements to Kentucky Kivcr.
The work was done at the suggestion of
persons who had purchased land or tne
Indians in the new country. This bridle
path was the beginning of the famous
"wilderness road" over which in the com
ing years immigration flowed into the
Western country. It remains today, a
striking testimony of Boone's remarkable
lnslnct for direction and skill in wood
craft. This also was a dangerous task, in
the accomplishment of which several of
Boone's companions were killed. A fort
was built at a place afterward known as
Boonesborouch. and Boone, with incredi
ble resolution, returned to the settlements j
to lead back his family into this lonely,
exposed clearing In the great, dreary wil
derness of the Interior. A small company
of men and three women besides his wife
were in the party. Other settlers soon
came, cabins were built, blockhouses and
f hls men -j. captured.
He was taken
.. . -.. ... i-.unn .i -v
!".?" ""J.V""..-J '.
UliU I1C1U UICIC 1 .jj v w - m.i j
. tactful, uncomplaining, he won the
attachment of the red men, who Anally
adopted him Into their tribe. At length
he escaped started straight through he
uniracxea ioresi iur aauuc.-uuiuus"
150
' mllcs and cached his home in four
Note This studv bv Professor A. C.
McLaughlin, of the University of Michl-
gan. will be concluded on Tuesday next.
Analytical Portraiture.
Francis Galton. the English psycholo
gist, has recently been making some
curious experiments in an attempt "to
isolate the particulars in which" one por
trait differs from another"; that Is, to ,
recure, pnotograpnicaiiy, a single pic
ture, representing the difference between
two faces. He attempted to do this by
a device which he calls a transformer,
consisting of a combination of the nega
tlve and positive of the two pictures.
Ke photographed two faces, each In two
expressions, the one glum and the other
j smllln-r broadly, and was able, by means
of the jsituable transformer, to turn the
smiling picture into the glum one and
vice versa; "but the transformer, them
selves were"' ghastly to look at, and did
not at all give the Impression of a de
tached smile or a detached glumness."
He further says: "I cannot yet make
up my mind whether or no the process
admits of substantial improvement. . . .
The most suitable portraits for the at.
tempt are such" as are popularly termed
artistic' that is, with blurred outlines
and medium tints."
MRS. MAYBRICK TALKS.
She Defends Iiord Russell, -and Tells
Her Hopes.
New York Times.
LONDON. Aug. a.-For the flrst time
since life sentence was imposed on her,
11 years ago, Mrs. Florence Maybrlck had
a private interview with her counsel. Dr.
Clark Bell, of New York, at Aylesbury
prison, today. Mrs. Maybrlck. like her
many friends, is indignant at the attacks
Tnnfln bv the Livernool Post on the late
Chief Justice of England. Lord Russell
of Klllowen. her former counsel.
"The only person up to the present who
ever saw me alone," she said, "wa3 the
Chief Justice. When the Assizes Jwere
here last February, Lord Russell came to
the urison and asked to see me, as was
his official right, irrespective of the Home
Office or any one. When he was starting
to go, he said:
" 'Mrs. Maybrlck, I am doing all in my
BOONE.
seen a newsnaDer tor a aecaae. .out j.
could not help but feel that In his death
I had lost my best friend. It is an out
rage, in view of his constant and untiring
efforts and friendship for me, that he
should be attacked now that he is dead.
"I fully appreciate and am glad of the
chance to express my gratitude to the
officials in Washington, and to my friends
throughout America, especially the ladles,
for what they are doing. It is that alone
which has upheld me all these years. I
have many friends in England, too, 'and
cannot but believe the time will soon
come when these long years of captivity
will cease and I shall be restored to my
mother and my country.
"All the officials here or at the Home
Office can do to mitigate my prison life
is done. They are universally kind, but
no one alive and free can know the
weight of these dragging years."
What the result of Dr. Bell's interview
with Mrs. Maybrlck may be cannot yet
be made known. The recent United
States memorial is still in the hands of
the Home Secretary. Sir Matthew White
Ridley, and Mrs. Maybrlck's friends are
hopeful that when the answer comes it
will be a pardon. But the matter now
rests In the Home Secretary's hands, and
nothing, certainly, will be done to mar
the chances' of his favorable action.
Mrs. Maybrlck is now 36 years of age.
She has the prison pallor, but her blue
eyes and dark, wavy hair are still re
minders of the attractions which made
her a bride at 17.
She wears the light-blue check prison
costume with a red star on the shoulder,
indicative of it being her flrst offense
and of her former good character. Be
low this Is the letter "L," meaning that
she Is a life prisoner, and her prison
number.
For the last few days she has been in
a hospital ward, owing to a slight illness,
but she says her health is generally
good.
Mrs. Maybrlck, the daughter of wealthy
American parents and the wife of a pros
perous cotton merchant at Liverpool,
England, was tried In the Spring of 1SS9,
in that city, upon an accusation that she
had poisoned her husband. She was sen
tenced to death, but the sentence was
afterward commuted to imprisonment for
life. The fact that Mr. Maybrlck's death
was due to arsenical poisoning was shown,
but much of the direct evidence was In
the prisoner's favor.
It was proved that the husband was
In the habit of uslnr arsenic as a tonic,
but he was much pjder than his wife,
and she had quarreled with his family.
They testified strongly against her. and
later it became known that the whole
of her private fortune, bringing in an
income of nearly t $20,000 a year, passed
to these same persons, after her convic
tion, as trustees of her children.
Mine-Owners Dictate Terms.
For years the great railway companies
succeeded in getting their coal often be
low the actual cost of production, says a
correspondent of the London Dallv Mail.
' 1"uu-, iul ""7 "4ai " ui uver u quar
ter oi a century, tne nnne-owner is aoie
to dictate his own terms to great cor
poratlons like the London & Northwest
em.
Will coal go much higher? I have con-
ciiltan mini mtlirtpWIor VnfA tn 4-Via hX
, anfl though- tftelr vlew; are mogt cona;
dlctory. the consensus of evidence cer
talnlv imps to show tht w nro nnt trnt
anything like at the end of the rise. The
mines about Wlgan have sold all they
can raise. Some mine-owners In the St.
Helens district are so convinced prices
are going much higher that they are hold
ing back and refusing to execute orders.
One big mine has started stacking In
spite of good offers for Its coal, and dur
ing the past week or two has put down
20.000 tons ready for the famine prices
which it believes are coming.'
A mine-owner will not stack unless he
sees a considerable rise aheadfor stack-
lng costs moneS. and stacked coal deteri-
orates in value. Yet the stackers of the
30,000 tons could have sold it 20 times over
had they wished.
A person who kills more than 15 grouse
or nheasants in a day In Orejron is jruiltv
I of a misdemeanor.
ALASKA SALMON ABUSES
LAWS FOR. PRESEItVATlOIf OF FISH
ARE DISREGARDED.
' Streams Absolutely Barricaded and
All Salmon Prevented From As
cending o Grounds.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 23. If the destruc
tion of the salmon in the Columbia River
presents a serious problem, the destruc
tion of the salmon in Alaska waters is
even more serious, because even more
extreme measures are resorted to in those
waters than in the streams of Oregon and
Washington. In the one case the fish
have to contend with nets, fish-wheels
and the like; In the other they have In
addition to these foes, the deadly and
effectual barricade, which absolutely pre
vents any fish ascending streams so shut
off, and does not allow any to reach the
spawning grounds. In the former In
stance there are state authorities who
strive In a way to preserve the fish, but
in the latter the Backers assume full
sway, disregard law and order, and go I
In with a free hand, looking not to mo
future, but only to the present. This
matter has been taken up and quite fully
discussed in a special report made by
Commander Jefferson F. Moser, of the
Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Re
ferring to the matter of barricades, Com
mander Moser says:
"When a person Interested In a cannery
is questioned regarding the decrease of
salmon In Alaska waters, he Is likely to
assure you at' once that there are just as
many salmon in the streams as there ever
were, and begins his proofs by citing
years, like 1S96, when tnere was a large
run of redflsh in Alaska; but any disinter
ested authority On "the subject will say
that the streams of Alaska are becoming
depleted. While it can hardly be said
that the streams will faJL entirely with
in a few years, there la. no doubt that
tho average runs 3how fe'wer fish year by
year, and if the laws are not amended and
enforced, the time will come In the not
very distant future when the canneries
must suffer through their own actions.
"The causes of the depletion are the
barricading of streams and overfishing; in
other words, Illegal fishing."
After citing statistics to prove very ef
fectually that the streams are being de
pleted, and that It is only a question of
time when the canneries will be rendered
useless by their own hands, he continues:
"It was a matter of great surprise to
discover the large number" of streams
which were either actually barricaded, 01
which showed' indications of having been-i
barricaded, notwithstanding the strict
law forbidding such obstructions, tne
maximum penalty being4 $100Q fine, three
months' Imprisonment, and a fine of $250
per day for every day the obstruction re
mains.' Barricades Even Defended.
"When the attention of those known to
have an interest in keeping the salmon
streams in a normal condition lias been
called to the existence of barricades, with
the expectation of having them Join in
protests against their construction, It
has been surprising to hear some defend
barricading as right, arid the belief has
been Inevitable that if such persons were
not directly concerned, they at least en
couraged these practices. The stateipent
was made in certain localities tnat 11 is
impossible to obtain sufficient fish to
compete with other canneries without bar.
rlcading. This Is very true, but the ar
gument is absurd, and needs no com
ment. Equally absurd aerense ot Darn
cades was made in other parts of Alas
ka. "The effect of barricades can be read
ily appreciated. Salmon come to the
streams to ascend for spawning at certain
dates, from which there Is little variation.
At flrst a few Btragglers appear, then
.small schools, and the 'schools grow larger
and larger as the season 'aavances. ai
the mouths of the streams the fish ac
custom themselves to the new conditions
In brackish water, and If the river Is open
to their passage they soon ascend to the
lakes and thence to the spawning beds.
A whole school has been known to ascend
in one night. If the stream is barri
caded, preventing their ascent, Ihey school
around in the bay br Inlet at the ap
proaches of the streams, may apparently
leave the vicinity for a short time, and
then return and repeat this, process many
times. While thus schooling in the salt
water they do not reach a spawning- con
dition so rapidly, and continue' suitable
for canning a longer time. Some of the
fish that are more advanced toward tho
ripening period. In their frenzy to get to
the spawning-grounds, fairly attack the
obstruction, and have been known to dash
themselves against thetlmbers with such
force as to be killed or die, of exhaus
tion caused by tho repeated attacks.
Briefly, the barricades corral the fish,
and thus permit the fishermen to catch
all at little expense: they are also said
to keep them from ripening rapidly, and
thus permit the cannerymen to pack
, good-quality fish much later in the sea
son. This seems to be shown in the 1896
catch at Hetta, where not from the ac
tion of barricades, but because the fish,
on account of the extreme low water,
could not ascend until the late September
rains raised the water over 40,000 redfish
were taken between September 1 to 20.
It is claimed that after the fishing season
is over some of the rails of the barricade
are knocked out to allow the remaining
stragglers to pass through, but this is
doubtful.
"The defenders of barricades state that
when the water In the rivers is high It
flows over the ends of the rails, and some
redflsh leap the barrier, while the other
species and the trout are kept out, and
thus the eggs of the redflsh are pre
served. But the barricades are generally
so constructed that If a few flsh And a
passage the same proportion of one spe
cies passes in as another.
"The origin of barricading Alaska
salmon streams dates back to a period
prior to the acquisition of Alaska by the
United States. The Russians built
"zapors" or dams with stone piers across
the streams, near' the settlements, from
which they drew their salmon supply.
The ruins of some are still standing, at
Redoubt, Afognak, and other places. The
Injury these zapors caused to the fisher
ies is acknowledged by everyone who has
any knowledge of the subject. The .Rus
sians doubtless received the Idea of bar
ricading the streams from the. Indians.
When the flrst fisheries for the can
neries were organized, "these little
Indian devices." as they were called
by a person Interested In Indian ed
ucation, were in use, and In some
Instances were so ingeniously ar
ranged that .the fish were carried out
high and dry 'Into a. basket. At one place
(Klawak) an Indian owner of a stream
used to boast that his trap was so clever
ly arranged that not a fish could get up
the stream; that he caught them all. It
is said "that the Indians appreciated the
necessity of allowing the fish to ascend
the streams to spawn, and therefore af
ter obtaining their Winter supply they
opened the barricades. That barricading
has been done in recent years by the
! Indians there Is no doubt, for In a num
her of Instances evidences of recent
barricading were found on streams pre
sumably fished by Indians only. If- the
law were translated Into Chinook, print
ed on muslin and "posted In every Indian
village and explained to the natives, it
would have an excellent effect.
Form of the Barricades.
"The general form of these barricades
Is the same, and a description of one in
Nichols Bay stream. Prince of Wales
Island, may answer In a general way for
all. The barricades extend solidly across
the stream, and the best idea that can
be gained of this construction Is by ref
erence to the Illustrations accompanying
this report. They are located near the
high-water mark and, if possible, at a
point where a pool Is formed Immediately
.below the obstruction. A tree two or
three feet in diameter. Is felled across
the stream, and then cut to a proper
length so as to make a lop that reaches
from bank to bank and from four to six
feet above the Surface of the stream.
This log is then jammed and wedged into
the rocky ledges on each side of the
banks, supported underneath to prevent
it from sagging, and braced from the
downstream side" by heavy beams to
resist the great pressure brought by the
floods. ' Straight saplings, 18 to 50 feet
in length and three to four Inches in
diameter are cut. sometimes split length
wise, and laid In the direction of the
stream over the log, the butts embedded
In the river bed upstream and covered
with the river deposit and the lower
ends projecting over the log several feet.
These split rails are laid solidly side by
slde from bank to bank The water at
ordinary stages flows through the in
terstices, and In heavy floods over the
ends.
"The barricades are usually so solidly
built that they resist the ordinary drift
and at most have but a few rails, which
are easily replaced if knocked out. Fre
quently a second tree is partly cut,- so
as to have it ready in case of accident
to the barricade. Such was the construc
tion of the one at Nichols Bay stream,
and in addition, at one side where there
was a branch, a wire netting was
stretched across.
"It is readily seen that the flsh in pass
ing upstream go under the log and are
prevented from further , ascent by the
rails, and as their spawning Instinct
keeps them heading the current, they re
main In the vicinity and are easily cap
tured. This barricade -was so solid that
ndt a flsh could pass through; it is prob
able, however, with a full stream and the
water pouring over the end, that aMew
salmon following the stream may leap
the end rails. To prevent this there Is.
sometimes an effective addition in the
shape of a galzanlzed Iron wire netting
stretched, across the top in the direction
of the log, from bank to bank, to catch
the strays that might succeed in leaping
the barrier. It some Instances. Instead
of the split rails, there are heavy rails
laid upstream, about four feet apart,
and over hese are secured light frames
End
vldvr of barricade, Hliowlnff
method of conatructlon.
of open work like the lathing of a
lobster pot, but heavier, through which
the water-Vcan flow while excluding the
passage of flsh."
Lavr Is Xot Enforced.
" The Alaska salmon law, passed June 9,
1896, Is very explicit, regarding barri
cades and other obstructions, and de
clares the erection of all such obstruc
tions" which prevent the ascent of the
salmon to the spawning grounds to be
unlawful. It also makes It unlawful to
catch any salmon above the tide waters,
or to set a net across tide waters for
more than a third the width of the
stream, and these nets to be at least 100
yards apart. This law, however, if. re
garded as Inadequate In some vital re-spectsv-DTit
there is no agreement among
the cannery people as to what the law
should be. There is, however a general
inclination toward a tax on the output
of each cannery and saltery, for the sup
port of 'hatcheries, and the suggestion
that streams be ""leased for a term of
years has everywhere met with favor.
In further comment, Commander Mo
ser says:
"It must be admitted that the laws and
regulations pertaining to Alaska salmon
fisheries are very generally disregarded,
and that they do not prevent the Illegal
capture of flsh. There is one case In.
which the law is likely to be respected,
and that it when rival canneries, fishing
in the kme locality, are nbt mutually
benefited by Its non-observance.
"While In a minor degree the law may
be defective, and, owing to the varying
conditions found in the vast extent of ter
ritory Involved, may need amending, still
it is,gqod asit stands, and for the pres
ent it only needs enforcement, and this
is not a difficult matter if the proper
steps are' taken. Without considering, the
large amount of money invested in the
salmon fisheries of Alaska, the output
is worth in round numbers $3,000,000 a.
year. Should not such an Industry be
fostered and properly protected?"
In 1898 the Secretary of the Treasury
sent a letter to the Houp of Representa
tives, recommending a change of the
LAlaska salmon law, to make It meet
requirements. The recommendations he
made for material changes in the law of
1896 are, briefly stated, as follows:
"First. The erection of traps only un
der regulations prescribed by the Secre
tary of the Treasury.
"Second. The withdrawal of the pro
tection afforded by the present law to
Balmon trout, it being generally under
stood, that the latter species are destruct
ive to salmon spawn and fry.
"Third. The extension of the opera
tions of the law io the territorial waters
of Alaska, thereby preventing the erec
tion 'of stationary obstructions in the ap
proaches to rivers and streams.
"Fourth. The prohibition of the erec
tion of salmon canneries In Alaska with
out a permit from the Secretary of the
Treasury.
"Fifth. The requirement of a detailed
annual statement of the operations of all
canneries and manufactories of fish-oil
production to the special agents for the
salmon fisheries.
"Sixth. The detailing of an employe of
the Treasury Department to act as an
additional special agent without extra
compensation.
"Seventh. The Imposition of a tax upon
the output of all canneries, salterles, flsh
oll or fish-fertilizer works.
"Elehth. Changing the penalty for vio
lation of this act from a maximum fine .
of 51000 to VMM."
SUCH FUNNY FURNITURE.
Some of the Snrprlaes an American
Girl Encountered in Porto Rico.
New York Times.
A young teacher who has just reached
home from Porto Rico tells some inter
esting stories of the things which im
presiSed her there. The furnishing of the
rooms was one of these. Her Interest in
furnishings began as- soon as she landed
in San Juan, and read the sign on the
staircase to the parlor. It read: "Please
L do not disturb the parlor furniture." The
parlor furniture, when she came to see
It, was as funny as the notice. There
was a rug In the center of the room, and
on this one of those peculiar round up
holstered seats usually associated with
large steamboats around here, a circular
affair with a circular bank, tapering up
to what In the steamboat is usually a pole
supporting an upper deck.
This was right enough In Itself, only
suggesting some public place, but around
the rug on which stood the circular seat
were arranged a hollow square of easy
chairs, the furniture which the proprietor
requested the public to Tespect and refrain
from moving. The desire for not moving
the .furniture tho girl found In private
houses in other places which she visited.
Everything Tvas arranged just so. For
Instance. In a private house there would
be a table in the center of the room,
and on either side a row of rocking chairs
manv stand, while In geometrical positions
around the room against the wall stood the 1
ordinary chairs. If one of these cnairs
was moved, the flrst servant to enter the
room would replace it with mathematical
precision. In her own room at the hotel
the girl still found that it was impossible
for her to have her chairs at anything
but just such angles. She left them when
she left her room, standing "any which
way," but she never returned without
finding them staring stiffly at her. one at
the foot and one at the head ot the bed.
The undress appearance of the women
In the streets was one thing that lnter-
jested the girl. Every woman when not
fy&y' seep."
Sleeplessness marks the very climax
d human suffering. It is only a step
removed from insanity. When sleep no
longer restores the exhausted nature, the
struggle with disease cannot last long.
The starting point of the nervous dis
orders which produce ill -health and
sleeplessness, is generally a diseased
condition of the womanly organs. Re
store these organs to sound health and
the-appetite comes back, the- day's work
no longer wearies, and sleep is sound
and refreshing. Dr. Pierce's Favorite
Prescription cures diseases of the wom
anly organs. It stops the drains which
weaken women ; it heals the inflamma
tion and ulceration, and cures female
weakness.
There is no alcohol in "Favorite Pre
scription' and it is entirely free from
opium, cocaine and all other narcotics.
It is a temperance medicine.
iMy health has been poor for many years and
I had taken a great deal of medicine, but it did
me-no good, writes Mrs. Rose Kennedy, of
Sprint-bluff, Adams Co., "Wis. Last August ray
health was very poor; I had no appetite and
could not sleep. I wrote to Dr. Pierce and he.
kindly advised me to take his 'Favorite Pre
scription.' I took five bottles of the 'Prescrip
tion ' and one bottle of the Golden Medical Dis
covery,' and I feel like a new woman."
Cure sick headache by using Doctor
Pierce's Pleasant Pellets.
"dressed up," when shopping or on any
ordinary errand which called her Into the
streets, wore a loose dressing sack and
skirt which to the American girl looked
frightfully out of place. She had expected
the women, however, to wear anything but
fashionable, gowns In Guayama, on the
south side, where she was, though that is
one of the largest places on the Island, but
here again she was surprised, for she
found that the women when they were
dressed for occasions dressed well and in
fashions quite up-to-date. There were no
collars, however, for to have anything
around her throat would be most un
pleasant to a Porto Rlcan woman, and
they all without exception wore their
gowns cut low. They even had a fashion
able dressmaker, who had her fashion
plates to work from, and also excellent
original Ideas of her own.
And surprising thing for a fashionable
dressmaker her prices were ridiculously
low! The girl herself had a shirt waist
made and a muslin gown, a pretty gown,
too, with a tucked yoke to the walsf and
ruffles on tho skirt, and for this work she
paid three pesos, or 51 SO of American
money.
The shirt -waiBt was one article of dress
which was not understood. It was possible
to get one made, but not a Porto Rlcan
would wear anything that required so
much starch to keep in condition, and
the laundresses, even after a wide expe
rience with the vagaries of women from
the States, could not learn that cuffs
needed to be made as stiff as a board to
be acceptable.
Social amenities were arranged on
somewhat different lines from those to
which the Americans are accustomed,
and when a Porto Rlcan woman wished
to make the acquaintance of the young
woman from America she sent her a
beautiful bouquet of flowers and asked
her to call upon her. This she did in sev
eral instances, and pleasant friendships
were the result. One Porto Rlcan wom
an returned the call of her American
friend or a time, and then sometmng
happened which shows unusual condi
tions. There was a strong Interest taken
In politics. There were Federals and Re
publicans, and the members of the two
parties did not speaK as tney passeo. oy.
The flrst hotel at which the young wom
an stopped was Federal as to polltlcs.'So
was this one of her women friends, and
thp calls were exchanged pleasantly. But
for several reasons the young woman
found It best to change her place of res
idence to the other hotel, which was Re
publican. After that the calling must
necessarily be done on one side, she
found, for could a Federal woman call at
a Republican hotel? Never. "My hus
band and I would be Insulted If we did,"
said the Porto Rican woman, and proba
bly she knew.
It was this same woman who at the
girl's first calL treated her Xp a peculiar
beverage. It sounded very well In Span
ish meloj con agua. In, English It was
plain molasses and water. "Was the
American girl fond of molasses?" the
Porto Rlcan woman asked. Yes, the
American girl was, and her hostess,
whose father was the proprietor of a su
gar plantation, promised to send her
some, and kept her supplied with mo
lasses during her stay In the place. It
was not that molasses was such a partic
ular luxury, perhaps, but It was never
sold in the shops. Then the American
girl originated a way to utilize her gift.
Corn meal fritters were serve'd at the
hotel, and on these she ate the molasses,
setting a fashion there, and even the pro
prietor of the hotel soon learned tnat
molasses was an agreeable addition to
fritters, and borrowed from the girl's mo
lasses bottle.
Were Early HIatoriana.
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The Chinese are remarkable as a na
tion for their carefully preserved histori
cal annal3, even from the most remote
period of antiquity. The flrst mention of
pottery is found In the reign of the Em
peror Hoangtl in 2G9S, before the Christian
era. Porcelain was made under the Han
dynasty IS B. C, at least 1800 years be
fore It was known to the Western coun
tries of the globe.
THIS
tVSEDICIN
is familiar in thous
ands of homes. For
half a century jt has
had a permanent
place as a family
medicine.
HOSTETTER'S
STOMACH
BITTERS
B WIIiL CURE
Indigestion,
Dyspepsia,
Flatulency, Biliousness,
Nervousness, Sleeplessness
and Kidney Disorders.
Sold by druggists and dealers generally,
wllh a Private Revenue Stamp over the
ncpfhcfaotUe.. - - ' ' '.,.
SIeMii
mm stomach
f2?U!22KgS5$SK
m
THE PAL4T.AL
HI BUM
Is i-
Tfot a dark office In the bnlldtns)
absolutely fireproof; electric light
and artesian water; perfect aanlta
tlon and thorough ventilation. Ele
vators ran day and nisht.
Room.
AINSLIE. Dlt, GEORGE. ?hyalc!an....60Soa
ALDRT.CH. 3. W.. Oenerat Contractor 010
ANDERSON. GTJST.W. Attorney-at-LaJr...eia
ASSOCIATED PRESS: E. Ij. PorU. Mrr8M
AUSTEN. P. C. Manager for Oregon and
"Washington Bankers' Ufa Aanoclatlon. of
Des Moines la B02-S03
BANKERS LrPB ASSOCIATION. OF DE3
MOINES. IA.:S. C. Austen. Manarr..8C-
BAYNTUX. GEO. R.. Mgr. for Chos. Scrlb-
ners Sons ...SIS
BEALS. EDWARD A.. Forecast Official U.
S. Weather Bureau 010
BENJAMIN. R W.. Dentist .314
BIN3WANGER. DR. O. S.. Ih7. 8ur.410-4U
BROOKE. DR. J. M.. Phya. tc Sun 703-T09
BROWN. MTRA. M. D". 313-31
BRUERE. DR. G. E.. Physician 412-413-41
BUSTEED. RICHARD. Asont Wltoon Mc-
Callay Tohacco Co. 002-60
CAUK1N. G. E.. District Agent TTavelera"
Insurance- Co. ...... ..........713
CARDWKLL. DR. J. R 00'
COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANT.....
. 004-C03-C06-607-013-814-G13
CORNELIUS. C. W.. Phya. and Surgeon 20S
COVER. JT. C. Cashier Equitable Life SCO
COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher; S. P. Mcaulre.
Manager ... 413-4U
DAT. J. O. ft I. N. 3
DAVI3. NAPOLEON. President Columbia
Telephone Co. .-. .........601
DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician T13-714
DRAKE. DR. H. B.. Physician 812-013-314
PWTER. JOE. F.. Tobaccos .....403
EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth floor
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETT:
L. Samuel. Manager; F. C Cover. Cashler.3M
EVENING TELEGRAM S2S Alder rtreet
PENTON. J. D..Phystc!an and Surgon.30-310
FENTON. DR. HICKB C Eye and Ear 311
FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist OCj
FIDELITT MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION:
E. C Stark. Manager......... ......C01
GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and Draughts
man ...60
GAVIN. A.. President Oregon Camera Club.
214-213-216-217
GEART. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and
Surgeon .................-...--..-- 212-213
GEBBIE PUB. CO.. Ltd.. Ftno Art Publish
ers; M. C. McGreevy. Mgr.. ....... ...... 313
GIEST. A. J.. Phyntclan and Surgeon.. .700-710
GODDARD. E. C & CO.. Footwear
Ground floor. 120 Sixth strwj
GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan
Life Insurance O. of New Tork 200-2W
GRANT. FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Law.,...17
HAMMAM BATHS. King; Jfc Compton. Pro-wJM
HAMMOND. A. B. 311
HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phya. i Bur. .004-303
IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law..418-17-lS
JOHNSON. W. C. 316-316-31:
KADT. MARK T.. Supervisor ot ACenU
Mutual Reserve Fund Life Assn 004-C03
LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen
eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co 00
LITTLEFIELD. H. R.. Phya. and Surgeon.. 20
MACRUM, W. S.. Sec. Oregon Camera Club.214
MACKAT. DR. A. E.. Phyn. and Surg. .711-712
MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg..701-2-3
McCOT. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law.......71J
! McFADEN. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer.. ..201
McOINN. HENRT E.. Attorney-at-Law.3ll.3J3
MoKELL, T. J.. Manufacturers' Reprcnto.-
tlve S01
METT. HENRT 213
MILLER. DR. HERBERT O. Denttat and
Oral Surgeon U COS-eoi
MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentlat 312-313-311
MANHwVBTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of
New Tork; W. Goldman. Manager. ...200-2U
MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N:
Mark T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents.. 604-GO
McELROT. DR. J. G.. Phys. & Sur.701-702-703
McFARLAND. E. B.. Secretary Columbia
Telephone Co. ...........80t
McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Oolllcr.
Publisher 413-418
McKIM. MAURICE. Attormy-at-Law 300
MUTUAL LIFE INCURANCE CO.. of New
York; Wm. S. Fond. State Mgr. .404-403-409
NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law.713
NHVES. M. L.. Caanler Manhattan Life In
surance Co.. of New York ..209
OREGON TNTRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY:
Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath 403-405
OREGON rAMERA CLUB 214-213-210-217
PATTERSON. PETER C8
POND, WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life
Inn. Co. of New York 404-103-409
PORTLAND EYE AN DEAR INFIRMARY.
....Ground floor. 133 Sixth Ptreer
PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.; J. H.
Marina'!. Manager 313
QUTMBY. L. P. W Game and Forestry
Warden I17"
I ROSENDALE. O. M.. Metallurgist ana Min
ing Engineer .- ai-sio
REED MALCOLM. Opticians. 133 Slxst atreet
REED F C. Flsh Commissioner 407
RYAN. J. B- Attorney-at-Law ............l"f
S ".MITEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life.. ..30S
SECfRITT MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE
Cp IT F- Buflhong. Gen. Agent for Ore.
and' Wash.. - ......301
SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputr Supreme Com
mander. K. O. T. M - .317
SMITH. Dr. L. B.. Osteopath 40S-HW
SONS OF THEAMERICAN REVOLUTION-BOO
STARIC E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity
Mutual Life Association of Phlla.. Pa... .601
STUART. DELL. Attornc-Aat-Law 617-01S
STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-703
SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO. --,0,
STROWBRIDGE. THOS. II.. Executive Spe
cial Agit Mutual Life, of New York.... 40fl
SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE '-?
TUCKER. DR. GEO. F.. Dentist 610-611
U S WEATHER BUREAU ...807-908-000-819
TJ. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH
DIST. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of
Engineers. U. S. A -... "80
c s nvr.ivErrc oFFirr. river and
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W.
a Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. 8. A.. 310
WATERMAN. C. II..
Cashier Mutual Life
of New York
....- vnttv Dnnghterv
.. 408
.716-717
TrwiTTr. MISS L. E.. Assistant Secretary
n . fimm Club .
..2't
WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phy. 4 Sur 304-3
WILSON. DR. GEO. P.. Phya. & Surg. 703-707
WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phye. & Surg.5O7-O0J
WILSON & McCALLAY TOBACCO CO.;
Richard Bin-teed. Agent ,:.J?C
WOOD. DR. W. L.. F&ysldan.. -412-413-414
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO.-GU
A tcTV more elegant offices may T
liad by applying to Portland Trn-it
Company of Oregon, 10O Third at., or
to the rent cleric in tUo Dulldlnff.
MEN
No Cure
No Pay
THE MODERN APPLIANCE A posltlv
.v ta oerfect manhood. xae vauooj
TREATMENT CURES you without medlclna
ill nervoua or diseases cf. tho generaUve 0
cans such as lost manhood, exhaustive dralri
varicocele. irairaiBuw. - -..- -- --j
utoreJ to perfect health and strength. v a
for circulars. Correspondenco connacny
THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.. room 4f
fiafs De-xwlt buiiains. Beaiue. nau.