Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, August 28, 1900, Image 10

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Morning Oregonian., August 28, 1900, Page 10, Image 10

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Newspaper Page Textr THE MOKNING OSEGOljflAN, TUESDAY, AUG-DST 28, 1900. 10 EXPLORERS OF THE MIDDLE WEST (Copyriefct, 1900. tor Seymour Eaton. THE OREGON! AN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE. DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON DISCOVERERS AND EX PLORERS OF NORTH AMERICA By the mWdfle of the 18th century the STench had xnade extensive explorations Into the Interior of the continent. For 200 years and more the pioneers of rew yraace--adveaturers, soldiers, restless fur traders, brave and patient priests had been ttiW"C their -way through the Mis sissippi Valley. As early as 1634 Nicollet ;waa In "Wisconsin and Illinois. Soon after this Hartjuette taught his faith to the anin at the Falls of St. Mary and massed on even to the farther end of afce Superior. In 1673 Jollet and Mar ouette paddled their hirchen canoes up he Fox river and hy way of the Wls consln came out on the broad bosom of She Mississippi. In 1CS2 La Salle, the isreatest traveler and most adventurous cplrft of them all. flocked down the SOssIssippl to Its mouth and took formal roossesslon of the great valley In the taame of the grand monarch of France. Before 17B0 daring explorers had traversed xhe northern plains and bad entered the ' tvini. nf the Rockv Mountains. Various -eettlements were made at convenient points Detroit, St. Louis and New Or leans were founded. Basing his claims on .exploration end settlement the King of jyranoe claimed the heart of the contin gent. The Englishmen in building up strong tond self-reliant colonies along the Atlan tic coast had done nothing In the way of texploring the vast interior wilderness. "Early in the ISth century Governor Spots "wood, of Virginia, had caused no little aUr in his province by leading expedl "tions into the Shenandoah Valley; that ) each a feat was heralded abroad ana Jcnade much of brings sharply to our at tention the essentially conservative and businesslike character of English colon ttEatlon. By 1750, however, the English "were preparing to move across the moun ftalns. The "back country" along the eastern slope of the Alleghenies was peo pled with a hardy folk who did toot tehrink from danger and were accus tomed to privation. In the uplands of Pennsylvania, Virginia and the Carolinas Dived th "Western pioneers of "that time. &hey were in some respects different from feho settlers along the coast; many of "Jhem were Scotch-Irish, a self-reliant, feturdy Btock, flt Instruments "for under taking this wilderness work," well suited 'to the task of taking possession of the interior region, the attractive valley then almost uninhabited save by the red men, &ut claimed in all its Kength and breadth fiby the sovereign of France. They were fearless men of action, who seemed to -court danger and to love peril. In considering the work of exploration !md discovery In the Middle West It is "well flrst to remember that almost noth ing was done by the English settlers of the coast until there was the beginning iof what we might call economic demand. fXhe verj flrst travelers who passed rfhrough the region of Kentucky and Ten nessee, were, so to speak, blazing the way for actual settlement. It Is also well to notice that the eastern half of the Mississippi Valley is divded into two toot unequal parts by the Ohio. The aaorthern portion contained French set tlements at an early day, but it received no English settlers during the colonial period of our history, the first regular settlement being made at Marietta in 27(58, the year of the adoption of the Fed eral Constitution. The old Northwest, as we now call it, was essentially public do main and the pioneer was more or less effectually protected in the early days by Federal troops. I do not mean to suggest that there were not occasional Indian for ays, against the settlements north of the Ohio, but the country was soon won Jby armies for the peaceful occupation of the emigrants from the old states. So rap Idly was this rogion peopled when once the process had begun that Ohio was ready for admission Into the Union in 380S, only IB years after Marietta was founded. South of the Ohio explorations were made and little settlements were planted before the outbreak of the Revo lution. There were only a few Indians in Kentucky and those lived along the banks of the Mississippi. Kentucky was "the dark and bloody ground," a belt of ter ritory lyin between the Algonqulns ot the north and the Cherokees and Creeks of the south. This was doubtless some advantage to the whites that flrst settled There, but as it was all exploration in the country south of the Ohio was under taken in the face of great danger from the Indians. Indeed, it is this fact that adds the romance and charm to the lives of the brave men like Boone and Robertson and Sevier, at once pioneer settlers and explorers, leading on the van of English civilization and driving slowly backward the most cruel foe, the most dangerous savage enemy that has resisted the encroachment of the Euro pean anywhere in the world. One is often at a loss to account for the brave, un tiring energy with which these men went on and on. winning new homes from the wilderness. Every settlement in Ken- lucky and Tennessee had Its tale of hor- i Tor. its stop- of unspeakable atrocities but. spite of disaster, clearing was added to clearing. DlocKnouse ana pausaae were KrJ25rJneJK " munities sprang Into existence in the midst of the lonely primeval forest. For over a third of a century the vigorous, rugged men were engaged in almost con tinuous warfare. By the middle of the 16th century, as I have said, the people along the moun tain confines of the English colonies were on the verge of passing over the bar rier. The colonial authorities were anxious to gain a hold upon this terri tory before it was fully garrisoned and defended by the French. A few enter prising men had already begun to look to this western country as flt ground for colonisation. Two companies were or ganized the Ohio Company and the Loy al Land Company having for their ob ject the occupation of the country near the upper Ohio and In Southwestern Vir ginia and Kentucky. Dr. Thomas Walk er, a Virginian, was engaged by the Loyal Land Company "to go to the west- ward in order to discover a proper place a palisade were erected, and the brave for settlement." He was the flrst to make j uttle band prepared to hold Kentucky n extensive expedition through the for- ( against the red men. No words can ex ost region t.outh of the Ohio. In March, aggerate the difficulty and the dangers of 1730, he. with five others, began a dim- ! tne task. The savages, who were now in cult and perilious Journey, passing over ieasuc .with the British and bitterly hos tile mountains into Kentucky and spend- tlle t0 the American intruder, attacked ing four months in the laborious tMsk them m jjnbers or prowled about and of threading the thick forests, pushing ,not mftn at thelr worj or fell upon them his way through laurel thickets or fol- ( when huntin& or carried eft captive any lowing Indian trails or the well-beaten Qne whQ wanderd too ar from the stock roads made by the buffalo. a(Je Boone-s daughter and two other The most famous of all the early pio- ' gjj.j,. were captured by the Indians, neers of the great West was Daniel Soon after tnis Boone himself, with 27 iioone, "tne nrst nunter oi jventucicy. RiimHnr nut Btrjiinsr Tne nivarv nacK- cround of the Wilderness we see in this , - . ruggea pioneer a man oi rare wecuir5 of character, an Indian slayer who was neither crael nor revengeful; a bold, fear less, interpid soud who was yet gentle, kind and thoughtful. He was a tall man. sinewy and strong, a sure hot. learned nf "tWn VnrtYna liToi, iri In the lore dangers and broken a less vigorous constitution. He had the typical temperament of the West- orn backwoodsman. He was self-reliant. patient, simple, resolute and gifted with 'unlimited powers of endurance. He moved out Into the Kentucky forests in obedl enco to an Inner impulse, a restless crav ing for adventure which seems almost out of keeping with his quiet, self-re-etrained nature. He was born in Penn sylvania, but -spent his boyhood on the banks of the Yadkin in North Carolina. At an early date he past-ed over the mountains to hunt. There is still stand ing in Eastern Tennessee, near Boone's Creek, an old beech tree on which can be read the following inscription: "D. Boon cilled a bar on tree in the year 17X In U with four companions he made a long expedition Into the "West "I re signed my domestic happiness for a time," ho said, "and left my family and peaceable habitation on the Yadkin River in North Carolina to -wander through the wilderness of America in quest of the country of Kentucky." Such are the words attributed to him by Filson, the flrst historian of Kentucky; but we may be sure that the simple Boone used no such pedantic and stilted language. Through the whole of that Summer and the next Autumn the tireless adventurer wandered through the Kentucky forests, shooting the deer, the bear, the elk and the bison and other game with which the country abounded. In December their troubles began. Boone and one of his companions were taken prisoners by the Indians, within a few days they escaped, but on their return to their old camp I found it abandoned by their friends. They were then joined by two others, one ot them Squire Boone, who had come on the long Jornuey to And his brother and had succeeded in doing so in some mysterious way known, only to those who have with in them Instinctive knowledge of nature and know the secrets of the forest. Again the party was attacked by the Indians. The brothers escaped, but one of their DANIEL companions was shot and killed, "the first power for your release. Whatever hap of the thousands of human beings with pens, remember this that if there is one whose llfeblood Kentucky was bought." man In England who believes In your ln Thelr remaining companion now went nocence, I am that man.' back to North Carolina and the two : "It was only by accident that I heard Jirnthora eriAtit th winter toirpthpr In the of Lord Russell's death, for I have not wilderness. In May It was decided that Squire should return through the trade less woods to the Yadkin settlements, hundreds of miles '.away, for supplies. Daniel was left for four months all alone In. the dreary forest, without bread, salt or sugar, and with only his trusty rifle as a companion. "I confess." he says, "I never before was under greater neces sity of exercising philosophy and forti tude." During a large portion of the time he was in danger from the Indians. In themlddle of the Summer his brother re turned. Fearing that the savages would discover them, they went over into the Valley of the- Cumberland, and In the Spring of 1771 returned home. Boone had spent two years in the wilderness, no small part of the time alone and over half of the time accompanied only by his brother. Two years later Boone sold his farm in North Carolina and with his family and band of 40 men started once more for the West. His love of nature and his zeal for adventure were too strong to suffer him to remain In comparative ease In North Carolina. All went well for a time, but on entering the Cumberland Mountains they were attacked by Indians, who killed six of the white men, among them Boone's eldest son. This defeat discour aged the emigrants, and they returned to the Clinch River, some 40 miles from the place of disaster. But disaster haa no v., ..r,, ttyt ntmnr T?nnne. who in a . . ... . . ,.. nf enrvevors h mountains down to the falls . . next undertakinK was, i . . t rk out and ' SartraVfo? pTck' horses from, the eastern ettlements to Kentucky Kivcr. The work was done at the suggestion of persons who had purchased land or tne Indians in the new country. This bridle path was the beginning of the famous "wilderness road" over which in the com ing years immigration flowed into the Western country. It remains today, a striking testimony of Boone's remarkable lnslnct for direction and skill in wood craft. This also was a dangerous task, in the accomplishment of which several of Boone's companions were killed. A fort was built at a place afterward known as Boonesborouch. and Boone, with incredi ble resolution, returned to the settlements j to lead back his family into this lonely, exposed clearing In the great, dreary wil derness of the Interior. A small company of men and three women besides his wife were in the party. Other settlers soon came, cabins were built, blockhouses and f hls men -j. captured. He was taken .. . -.. ... i-.unn .i -v !".?" ""J.V""..-J '. UliU I1C1U UICIC 1 .jj v w - m.i j . tactful, uncomplaining, he won the attachment of the red men, who Anally adopted him Into their tribe. At length he escaped started straight through he uniracxea ioresi iur aauuc.-uuiuus" 150 ' mllcs and cached his home in four Note This studv bv Professor A. C. McLaughlin, of the University of Michl- gan. will be concluded on Tuesday next. Analytical Portraiture. Francis Galton. the English psycholo gist, has recently been making some curious experiments in an attempt "to isolate the particulars in which" one por trait differs from another"; that Is, to , recure, pnotograpnicaiiy, a single pic ture, representing the difference between two faces. He attempted to do this by a device which he calls a transformer, consisting of a combination of the nega tlve and positive of the two pictures. Ke photographed two faces, each In two expressions, the one glum and the other j smllln-r broadly, and was able, by means of the jsituable transformer, to turn the smiling picture into the glum one and vice versa; "but the transformer, them selves were"' ghastly to look at, and did not at all give the Impression of a de tached smile or a detached glumness." He further says: "I cannot yet make up my mind whether or no the process admits of substantial improvement. . . . The most suitable portraits for the at. tempt are such" as are popularly termed artistic' that is, with blurred outlines and medium tints." MRS. MAYBRICK TALKS. She Defends Iiord Russell, -and Tells Her Hopes. New York Times. LONDON. Aug. a.-For the flrst time since life sentence was imposed on her, 11 years ago, Mrs. Florence Maybrlck had a private interview with her counsel. Dr. Clark Bell, of New York, at Aylesbury prison, today. Mrs. Maybrlck. like her many friends, is indignant at the attacks Tnnfln bv the Livernool Post on the late Chief Justice of England. Lord Russell of Klllowen. her former counsel. "The only person up to the present who ever saw me alone," she said, "wa3 the Chief Justice. When the Assizes Jwere here last February, Lord Russell came to the urison and asked to see me, as was his official right, irrespective of the Home Office or any one. When he was starting to go, he said: " 'Mrs. Maybrlck, I am doing all in my BOONE. seen a newsnaDer tor a aecaae. .out j. could not help but feel that In his death I had lost my best friend. It is an out rage, in view of his constant and untiring efforts and friendship for me, that he should be attacked now that he is dead. "I fully appreciate and am glad of the chance to express my gratitude to the officials in Washington, and to my friends throughout America, especially the ladles, for what they are doing. It is that alone which has upheld me all these years. I have many friends in England, too, 'and cannot but believe the time will soon come when these long years of captivity will cease and I shall be restored to my mother and my country. "All the officials here or at the Home Office can do to mitigate my prison life is done. They are universally kind, but no one alive and free can know the weight of these dragging years." What the result of Dr. Bell's interview with Mrs. Maybrlck may be cannot yet be made known. The recent United States memorial is still in the hands of the Home Secretary. Sir Matthew White Ridley, and Mrs. Maybrlck's friends are hopeful that when the answer comes it will be a pardon. But the matter now rests In the Home Secretary's hands, and nothing, certainly, will be done to mar the chances' of his favorable action. Mrs. Maybrlck is now 36 years of age. She has the prison pallor, but her blue eyes and dark, wavy hair are still re minders of the attractions which made her a bride at 17. She wears the light-blue check prison costume with a red star on the shoulder, indicative of it being her flrst offense and of her former good character. Be low this Is the letter "L," meaning that she Is a life prisoner, and her prison number. For the last few days she has been in a hospital ward, owing to a slight illness, but she says her health is generally good. Mrs. Maybrlck, the daughter of wealthy American parents and the wife of a pros perous cotton merchant at Liverpool, England, was tried In the Spring of 1SS9, in that city, upon an accusation that she had poisoned her husband. She was sen tenced to death, but the sentence was afterward commuted to imprisonment for life. The fact that Mr. Maybrlck's death was due to arsenical poisoning was shown, but much of the direct evidence was In the prisoner's favor. It was proved that the husband was In the habit of uslnr arsenic as a tonic, but he was much pjder than his wife, and she had quarreled with his family. They testified strongly against her. and later it became known that the whole of her private fortune, bringing in an income of nearly t $20,000 a year, passed to these same persons, after her convic tion, as trustees of her children. Mine-Owners Dictate Terms. For years the great railway companies succeeded in getting their coal often be low the actual cost of production, says a correspondent of the London Dallv Mail. ' 1"uu-, iul ""7 "4ai " ui uver u quar ter oi a century, tne nnne-owner is aoie to dictate his own terms to great cor poratlons like the London & Northwest em. Will coal go much higher? I have con- ciiltan mini mtlirtpWIor VnfA tn 4-Via hX , anfl though- tftelr vlew; are mogt cona; dlctory. the consensus of evidence cer talnlv imps to show tht w nro nnt trnt anything like at the end of the rise. The mines about Wlgan have sold all they can raise. Some mine-owners In the St. Helens district are so convinced prices are going much higher that they are hold ing back and refusing to execute orders. One big mine has started stacking In spite of good offers for Its coal, and dur ing the past week or two has put down 20.000 tons ready for the famine prices which it believes are coming.' A mine-owner will not stack unless he sees a considerable rise aheadfor stack- lng costs moneS. and stacked coal deteri- orates in value. Yet the stackers of the 30,000 tons could have sold it 20 times over had they wished. A person who kills more than 15 grouse or nheasants in a day In Orejron is jruiltv I of a misdemeanor. ALASKA SALMON ABUSES LAWS FOR. PRESEItVATlOIf OF FISH ARE DISREGARDED. ' Streams Absolutely Barricaded and All Salmon Prevented From As cending o Grounds. WASHINGTON, Aug. 23. If the destruc tion of the salmon in the Columbia River presents a serious problem, the destruc tion of the salmon in Alaska waters is even more serious, because even more extreme measures are resorted to in those waters than in the streams of Oregon and Washington. In the one case the fish have to contend with nets, fish-wheels and the like; In the other they have In addition to these foes, the deadly and effectual barricade, which absolutely pre vents any fish ascending streams so shut off, and does not allow any to reach the spawning grounds. In the former In stance there are state authorities who strive In a way to preserve the fish, but in the latter the Backers assume full sway, disregard law and order, and go I In with a free hand, looking not to mo future, but only to the present. This matter has been taken up and quite fully discussed in a special report made by Commander Jefferson F. Moser, of the Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Re ferring to the matter of barricades, Com mander Moser says: "When a person Interested In a cannery is questioned regarding the decrease of salmon In Alaska waters, he Is likely to assure you at' once that there are just as many salmon in the streams as there ever were, and begins his proofs by citing years, like 1S96, when tnere was a large run of redflsh in Alaska; but any disinter ested authority On "the subject will say that the streams of Alaska are becoming depleted. While it can hardly be said that the streams will faJL entirely with in a few years, there la. no doubt that tho average runs 3how fe'wer fish year by year, and if the laws are not amended and enforced, the time will come In the not very distant future when the canneries must suffer through their own actions. "The causes of the depletion are the barricading of streams and overfishing; in other words, Illegal fishing." After citing statistics to prove very ef fectually that the streams are being de pleted, and that It is only a question of time when the canneries will be rendered useless by their own hands, he continues: "It was a matter of great surprise to discover the large number" of streams which were either actually barricaded, 01 which showed' indications of having been-i barricaded, notwithstanding the strict law forbidding such obstructions, tne maximum penalty being4 $100Q fine, three months' Imprisonment, and a fine of $250 per day for every day the obstruction re mains.' Barricades Even Defended. "When the attention of those known to have an interest in keeping the salmon streams in a normal condition lias been called to the existence of barricades, with the expectation of having them Join in protests against their construction, It has been surprising to hear some defend barricading as right, arid the belief has been Inevitable that if such persons were not directly concerned, they at least en couraged these practices. The stateipent was made in certain localities tnat 11 is impossible to obtain sufficient fish to compete with other canneries without bar. rlcading. This Is very true, but the ar gument is absurd, and needs no com ment. Equally absurd aerense ot Darn cades was made in other parts of Alas ka. "The effect of barricades can be read ily appreciated. Salmon come to the streams to ascend for spawning at certain dates, from which there Is little variation. At flrst a few Btragglers appear, then .small schools, and the 'schools grow larger and larger as the season 'aavances. ai the mouths of the streams the fish ac custom themselves to the new conditions In brackish water, and If the river Is open to their passage they soon ascend to the lakes and thence to the spawning beds. A whole school has been known to ascend in one night. If the stream is barri caded, preventing their ascent, Ihey school around in the bay br Inlet at the ap proaches of the streams, may apparently leave the vicinity for a short time, and then return and repeat this, process many times. While thus schooling in the salt water they do not reach a spawning- con dition so rapidly, and continue' suitable for canning a longer time. Some of the fish that are more advanced toward tho ripening period. In their frenzy to get to the spawning-grounds, fairly attack the obstruction, and have been known to dash themselves against thetlmbers with such force as to be killed or die, of exhaus tion caused by tho repeated attacks. Briefly, the barricades corral the fish, and thus permit the fishermen to catch all at little expense: they are also said to keep them from ripening rapidly, and thus permit the cannerymen to pack , good-quality fish much later in the sea son. This seems to be shown in the 1896 catch at Hetta, where not from the ac tion of barricades, but because the fish, on account of the extreme low water, could not ascend until the late September rains raised the water over 40,000 redfish were taken between September 1 to 20. It is claimed that after the fishing season is over some of the rails of the barricade are knocked out to allow the remaining stragglers to pass through, but this is doubtful. "The defenders of barricades state that when the water In the rivers is high It flows over the ends of the rails, and some redflsh leap the barrier, while the other species and the trout are kept out, and thus the eggs of the redflsh are pre served. But the barricades are generally so constructed that If a few flsh And a passage the same proportion of one spe cies passes in as another. "The origin of barricading Alaska salmon streams dates back to a period prior to the acquisition of Alaska by the United States. The Russians built "zapors" or dams with stone piers across the streams, near' the settlements, from which they drew their salmon supply. The ruins of some are still standing, at Redoubt, Afognak, and other places. The Injury these zapors caused to the fisher ies is acknowledged by everyone who has any knowledge of the subject. The .Rus sians doubtless received the Idea of bar ricading the streams from the. Indians. When the flrst fisheries for the can neries were organized, "these little Indian devices." as they were called by a person Interested In Indian ed ucation, were in use, and In some Instances were so ingeniously ar ranged that .the fish were carried out high and dry 'Into a. basket. At one place (Klawak) an Indian owner of a stream used to boast that his trap was so clever ly arranged that not a fish could get up the stream; that he caught them all. It is said "that the Indians appreciated the necessity of allowing the fish to ascend the streams to spawn, and therefore af ter obtaining their Winter supply they opened the barricades. That barricading has been done in recent years by the ! Indians there Is no doubt, for In a num her of Instances evidences of recent barricading were found on streams pre sumably fished by Indians only. If- the law were translated Into Chinook, print ed on muslin and "posted In every Indian village and explained to the natives, it would have an excellent effect. Form of the Barricades. "The general form of these barricades Is the same, and a description of one in Nichols Bay stream. Prince of Wales Island, may answer In a general way for all. The barricades extend solidly across the stream, and the best idea that can be gained of this construction Is by ref erence to the Illustrations accompanying this report. They are located near the high-water mark and, if possible, at a point where a pool Is formed Immediately .below the obstruction. A tree two or three feet in diameter. Is felled across the stream, and then cut to a proper length so as to make a lop that reaches from bank to bank and from four to six feet above the Surface of the stream. This log is then jammed and wedged into the rocky ledges on each side of the banks, supported underneath to prevent it from sagging, and braced from the downstream side" by heavy beams to resist the great pressure brought by the floods. ' Straight saplings, 18 to 50 feet in length and three to four Inches in diameter are cut. sometimes split length wise, and laid In the direction of the stream over the log, the butts embedded In the river bed upstream and covered with the river deposit and the lower ends projecting over the log several feet. These split rails are laid solidly side by slde from bank to bank The water at ordinary stages flows through the in terstices, and In heavy floods over the ends. "The barricades are usually so solidly built that they resist the ordinary drift and at most have but a few rails, which are easily replaced if knocked out. Fre quently a second tree is partly cut,- so as to have it ready in case of accident to the barricade. Such was the construc tion of the one at Nichols Bay stream, and in addition, at one side where there was a branch, a wire netting was stretched across. "It is readily seen that the flsh in pass ing upstream go under the log and are prevented from further , ascent by the rails, and as their spawning Instinct keeps them heading the current, they re main In the vicinity and are easily cap tured. This barricade -was so solid that ndt a flsh could pass through; it is prob able, however, with a full stream and the water pouring over the end, that aMew salmon following the stream may leap the end rails. To prevent this there Is. sometimes an effective addition in the shape of a galzanlzed Iron wire netting stretched, across the top in the direction of the log, from bank to bank, to catch the strays that might succeed in leaping the barrier. It some Instances. Instead of the split rails, there are heavy rails laid upstream, about four feet apart, and over hese are secured light frames End vldvr of barricade, Hliowlnff method of conatructlon. of open work like the lathing of a lobster pot, but heavier, through which the water-Vcan flow while excluding the passage of flsh." Lavr Is Xot Enforced. " The Alaska salmon law, passed June 9, 1896, Is very explicit, regarding barri cades and other obstructions, and de clares the erection of all such obstruc tions" which prevent the ascent of the salmon to the spawning grounds to be unlawful. It also makes It unlawful to catch any salmon above the tide waters, or to set a net across tide waters for more than a third the width of the stream, and these nets to be at least 100 yards apart. This law, however, if. re garded as Inadequate In some vital re-spectsv-DTit there is no agreement among the cannery people as to what the law should be. There is, however a general inclination toward a tax on the output of each cannery and saltery, for the sup port of 'hatcheries, and the suggestion that streams be ""leased for a term of years has everywhere met with favor. In further comment, Commander Mo ser says: "It must be admitted that the laws and regulations pertaining to Alaska salmon fisheries are very generally disregarded, and that they do not prevent the Illegal capture of flsh. There is one case In. which the law is likely to be respected, and that it when rival canneries, fishing in the kme locality, are nbt mutually benefited by Its non-observance. "While In a minor degree the law may be defective, and, owing to the varying conditions found in the vast extent of ter ritory Involved, may need amending, still it is,gqod asit stands, and for the pres ent it only needs enforcement, and this is not a difficult matter if the proper steps are' taken. Without considering, the large amount of money invested in the salmon fisheries of Alaska, the output is worth in round numbers $3,000,000 a. year. Should not such an Industry be fostered and properly protected?" In 1898 the Secretary of the Treasury sent a letter to the Houp of Representa tives, recommending a change of the LAlaska salmon law, to make It meet requirements. The recommendations he made for material changes in the law of 1896 are, briefly stated, as follows: "First. The erection of traps only un der regulations prescribed by the Secre tary of the Treasury. "Second. The withdrawal of the pro tection afforded by the present law to Balmon trout, it being generally under stood, that the latter species are destruct ive to salmon spawn and fry. "Third. The extension of the opera tions of the law io the territorial waters of Alaska, thereby preventing the erec tion 'of stationary obstructions in the ap proaches to rivers and streams. "Fourth. The prohibition of the erec tion of salmon canneries In Alaska with out a permit from the Secretary of the Treasury. "Fifth. The requirement of a detailed annual statement of the operations of all canneries and manufactories of fish-oil production to the special agents for the salmon fisheries. "Sixth. The detailing of an employe of the Treasury Department to act as an additional special agent without extra compensation. "Seventh. The Imposition of a tax upon the output of all canneries, salterles, flsh oll or fish-fertilizer works. "Elehth. Changing the penalty for vio lation of this act from a maximum fine . of 51000 to VMM." SUCH FUNNY FURNITURE. Some of the Snrprlaes an American Girl Encountered in Porto Rico. New York Times. A young teacher who has just reached home from Porto Rico tells some inter esting stories of the things which im presiSed her there. The furnishing of the rooms was one of these. Her Interest in furnishings began as- soon as she landed in San Juan, and read the sign on the staircase to the parlor. It read: "Please L do not disturb the parlor furniture." The parlor furniture, when she came to see It, was as funny as the notice. There was a rug In the center of the room, and on this one of those peculiar round up holstered seats usually associated with large steamboats around here, a circular affair with a circular bank, tapering up to what In the steamboat is usually a pole supporting an upper deck. This was right enough In Itself, only suggesting some public place, but around the rug on which stood the circular seat were arranged a hollow square of easy chairs, the furniture which the proprietor requested the public to Tespect and refrain from moving. The desire for not moving the .furniture tho girl found In private houses in other places which she visited. Everything Tvas arranged just so. For Instance. In a private house there would be a table in the center of the room, and on either side a row of rocking chairs manv stand, while In geometrical positions around the room against the wall stood the 1 ordinary chairs. If one of these cnairs was moved, the flrst servant to enter the room would replace it with mathematical precision. In her own room at the hotel the girl still found that it was impossible for her to have her chairs at anything but just such angles. She left them when she left her room, standing "any which way," but she never returned without finding them staring stiffly at her. one at the foot and one at the head ot the bed. The undress appearance of the women In the streets was one thing that lnter- jested the girl. Every woman when not fy&y' seep." Sleeplessness marks the very climax d human suffering. It is only a step removed from insanity. When sleep no longer restores the exhausted nature, the struggle with disease cannot last long. The starting point of the nervous dis orders which produce ill -health and sleeplessness, is generally a diseased condition of the womanly organs. Re store these organs to sound health and the-appetite comes back, the- day's work no longer wearies, and sleep is sound and refreshing. Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription cures diseases of the wom anly organs. It stops the drains which weaken women ; it heals the inflamma tion and ulceration, and cures female weakness. There is no alcohol in "Favorite Pre scription' and it is entirely free from opium, cocaine and all other narcotics. It is a temperance medicine. iMy health has been poor for many years and I had taken a great deal of medicine, but it did me-no good, writes Mrs. Rose Kennedy, of Sprint-bluff, Adams Co., "Wis. Last August ray health was very poor; I had no appetite and could not sleep. I wrote to Dr. Pierce and he. kindly advised me to take his 'Favorite Pre scription.' I took five bottles of the 'Prescrip tion ' and one bottle of the Golden Medical Dis covery,' and I feel like a new woman." Cure sick headache by using Doctor Pierce's Pleasant Pellets. "dressed up," when shopping or on any ordinary errand which called her Into the streets, wore a loose dressing sack and skirt which to the American girl looked frightfully out of place. She had expected the women, however, to wear anything but fashionable, gowns In Guayama, on the south side, where she was, though that is one of the largest places on the Island, but here again she was surprised, for she found that the women when they were dressed for occasions dressed well and in fashions quite up-to-date. There were no collars, however, for to have anything around her throat would be most un pleasant to a Porto Rlcan woman, and they all without exception wore their gowns cut low. They even had a fashion able dressmaker, who had her fashion plates to work from, and also excellent original Ideas of her own. And surprising thing for a fashionable dressmaker her prices were ridiculously low! The girl herself had a shirt waist made and a muslin gown, a pretty gown, too, with a tucked yoke to the walsf and ruffles on tho skirt, and for this work she paid three pesos, or 51 SO of American money. The shirt -waiBt was one article of dress which was not understood. It was possible to get one made, but not a Porto Rlcan would wear anything that required so much starch to keep in condition, and the laundresses, even after a wide expe rience with the vagaries of women from the States, could not learn that cuffs needed to be made as stiff as a board to be acceptable. Social amenities were arranged on somewhat different lines from those to which the Americans are accustomed, and when a Porto Rlcan woman wished to make the acquaintance of the young woman from America she sent her a beautiful bouquet of flowers and asked her to call upon her. This she did in sev eral instances, and pleasant friendships were the result. One Porto Rlcan wom an returned the call of her American friend or a time, and then sometmng happened which shows unusual condi tions. There was a strong Interest taken In politics. There were Federals and Re publicans, and the members of the two parties did not speaK as tney passeo. oy. The flrst hotel at which the young wom an stopped was Federal as to polltlcs.'So was this one of her women friends, and thp calls were exchanged pleasantly. But for several reasons the young woman found It best to change her place of res idence to the other hotel, which was Re publican. After that the calling must necessarily be done on one side, she found, for could a Federal woman call at a Republican hotel? Never. "My hus band and I would be Insulted If we did," said the Porto Rican woman, and proba bly she knew. It was this same woman who at the girl's first calL treated her Xp a peculiar beverage. It sounded very well In Span ish meloj con agua. In, English It was plain molasses and water. "Was the American girl fond of molasses?" the Porto Rlcan woman asked. Yes, the American girl was, and her hostess, whose father was the proprietor of a su gar plantation, promised to send her some, and kept her supplied with mo lasses during her stay In the place. It was not that molasses was such a partic ular luxury, perhaps, but It was never sold in the shops. Then the American girl originated a way to utilize her gift. Corn meal fritters were serve'd at the hotel, and on these she ate the molasses, setting a fashion there, and even the pro prietor of the hotel soon learned tnat molasses was an agreeable addition to fritters, and borrowed from the girl's mo lasses bottle. Were Early HIatoriana. Cleveland Plain Dealer. The Chinese are remarkable as a na tion for their carefully preserved histori cal annal3, even from the most remote period of antiquity. The flrst mention of pottery is found In the reign of the Em peror Hoangtl in 2G9S, before the Christian era. Porcelain was made under the Han dynasty IS B. C, at least 1800 years be fore It was known to the Western coun tries of the globe. THIS tVSEDICIN is familiar in thous ands of homes. For half a century jt has had a permanent place as a family medicine. HOSTETTER'S STOMACH BITTERS B WIIiL CURE Indigestion, Dyspepsia, Flatulency, Biliousness, Nervousness, Sleeplessness and Kidney Disorders. Sold by druggists and dealers generally, wllh a Private Revenue Stamp over the ncpfhcfaotUe.. - - ' ' '.,. SIeMii mm stomach f2?U!22KgS5$SK m THE PAL4T.AL HI BUM Is i- Tfot a dark office In the bnlldtns) absolutely fireproof; electric light and artesian water; perfect aanlta tlon and thorough ventilation. Ele vators ran day and nisht. Room. AINSLIE. Dlt, GEORGE. ?hyalc!an....60Soa ALDRT.CH. 3. W.. Oenerat Contractor 010 ANDERSON. GTJST.W. Attorney-at-LaJr...eia ASSOCIATED PRESS: E. Ij. PorU. Mrr8M AUSTEN. P. C. Manager for Oregon and "Washington Bankers' Ufa Aanoclatlon. of Des Moines la B02-S03 BANKERS LrPB ASSOCIATION. OF DE3 MOINES. IA.:S. C. Austen. Manarr..8C- BAYNTUX. GEO. R.. Mgr. for Chos. Scrlb- ners Sons ...SIS BEALS. EDWARD A.. Forecast Official U. S. Weather Bureau 010 BENJAMIN. R W.. Dentist .314 BIN3WANGER. DR. O. S.. Ih7. 8ur.410-4U BROOKE. DR. J. M.. Phya. tc Sun 703-T09 BROWN. MTRA. M. D". 313-31 BRUERE. DR. G. E.. Physician 412-413-41 BUSTEED. RICHARD. Asont Wltoon Mc- Callay Tohacco Co. 002-60 CAUK1N. G. E.. District Agent TTavelera" Insurance- Co. ...... ..........713 CARDWKLL. DR. J. R 00' COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANT..... . 004-C03-C06-607-013-814-G13 CORNELIUS. C. W.. Phya. and Surgeon 20S COVER. JT. C. Cashier Equitable Life SCO COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher; S. P. Mcaulre. Manager ... 413-4U DAT. J. O. ft I. N. 3 DAVI3. NAPOLEON. President Columbia Telephone Co. .-. .........601 DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician T13-714 DRAKE. DR. H. B.. Physician 812-013-314 PWTER. JOE. F.. Tobaccos .....403 EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth floor EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETT: L. Samuel. Manager; F. C Cover. Cashler.3M EVENING TELEGRAM S2S Alder rtreet PENTON. J. D..Phystc!an and Surgon.30-310 FENTON. DR. HICKB C Eye and Ear 311 FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist OCj FIDELITT MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION: E. C Stark. Manager......... ......C01 GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and Draughts man ...60 GAVIN. A.. President Oregon Camera Club. 214-213-216-217 GEART. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and Surgeon .................-...--..-- 212-213 GEBBIE PUB. CO.. Ltd.. Ftno Art Publish ers; M. C. McGreevy. Mgr.. ....... ...... 313 GIEST. A. J.. Phyntclan and Surgeon.. .700-710 GODDARD. E. C & CO.. Footwear Ground floor. 120 Sixth strwj GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan Life Insurance O. of New Tork 200-2W GRANT. FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Law.,...17 HAMMAM BATHS. King; Jfc Compton. Pro-wJM HAMMOND. A. B. 311 HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phya. i Bur. .004-303 IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law..418-17-lS JOHNSON. W. C. 316-316-31: KADT. MARK T.. Supervisor ot ACenU Mutual Reserve Fund Life Assn 004-C03 LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co 00 LITTLEFIELD. H. R.. Phya. and Surgeon.. 20 MACRUM, W. S.. Sec. Oregon Camera Club.214 MACKAT. DR. A. E.. Phyn. and Surg. .711-712 MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg..701-2-3 McCOT. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law.......71J ! McFADEN. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer.. ..201 McOINN. HENRT E.. Attorney-at-Law.3ll.3J3 MoKELL, T. J.. Manufacturers' Reprcnto.- tlve S01 METT. HENRT 213 MILLER. DR. HERBERT O. Denttat and Oral Surgeon U COS-eoi MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentlat 312-313-311 MANHwVBTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New Tork; W. Goldman. Manager. ...200-2U MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N: Mark T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents.. 604-GO McELROT. DR. J. G.. Phys. & Sur.701-702-703 McFARLAND. E. B.. Secretary Columbia Telephone Co. ...........80t McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Oolllcr. Publisher 413-418 McKIM. MAURICE. Attormy-at-Law 300 MUTUAL LIFE INCURANCE CO.. of New York; Wm. S. Fond. State Mgr. .404-403-409 NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law.713 NHVES. M. L.. Caanler Manhattan Life In surance Co.. of New York ..209 OREGON TNTRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY: Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath 403-405 OREGON rAMERA CLUB 214-213-210-217 PATTERSON. PETER C8 POND, WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life Inn. Co. of New York 404-103-409 PORTLAND EYE AN DEAR INFIRMARY. ....Ground floor. 133 Sixth Ptreer PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.; J. H. Marina'!. Manager 313 QUTMBY. L. P. W Game and Forestry Warden I17" I ROSENDALE. O. M.. Metallurgist ana Min ing Engineer .- ai-sio REED MALCOLM. Opticians. 133 Slxst atreet REED F C. Flsh Commissioner 407 RYAN. J. B- Attorney-at-Law ............l"f S ".MITEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life.. ..30S SECfRITT MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE Cp IT F- Buflhong. Gen. Agent for Ore. and' Wash.. - ......301 SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputr Supreme Com mander. K. O. T. M - .317 SMITH. Dr. L. B.. Osteopath 40S-HW SONS OF THEAMERICAN REVOLUTION-BOO STARIC E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Phlla.. Pa... .601 STUART. DELL. Attornc-Aat-Law 617-01S STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-703 SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO. --,0, STROWBRIDGE. THOS. II.. Executive Spe cial Agit Mutual Life, of New York.... 40fl SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE '-? TUCKER. DR. GEO. F.. Dentist 610-611 U S WEATHER BUREAU ...807-908-000-819 TJ. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A -... "80 c s nvr.ivErrc oFFirr. river and HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W. a Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. 8. A.. 310 WATERMAN. C. II.. Cashier Mutual Life of New York ....- vnttv Dnnghterv .. 408 .716-717 TrwiTTr. MISS L. E.. Assistant Secretary n . fimm Club . ..2't WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phy. 4 Sur 304-3 WILSON. DR. GEO. P.. Phya. & Surg. 703-707 WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phye. & Surg.5O7-O0J WILSON & McCALLAY TOBACCO CO.; Richard Bin-teed. Agent ,:.J?C WOOD. DR. W. L.. F&ysldan.. -412-413-414 WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO.-GU A tcTV more elegant offices may T liad by applying to Portland Trn-it Company of Oregon, 10O Third at., or to the rent cleric in tUo Dulldlnff. MEN No Cure No Pay THE MODERN APPLIANCE A posltlv .v ta oerfect manhood. xae vauooj TREATMENT CURES you without medlclna ill nervoua or diseases cf. tho generaUve 0 cans such as lost manhood, exhaustive dralri varicocele. irairaiBuw. - -..- -- --j utoreJ to perfect health and strength. v a for circulars. Correspondenco connacny THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.. room 4f fiafs De-xwlt buiiains. Beaiue. nau.