THE IfORMISG OREGOXIAN, 8ATUEDAT, AUGUST 11, I900.-
BUYING FOR FALL TRADE
Z2XCOUBAGXXG SIGJT OF
SirUATTOX.
TRADE
$5trensrtJt of Structural Material
Significant feature of tte
Iron Business.
NEW "YORK, Aug; 10. Bradstreet's to
morrow -will say:
Trade Is still exhibiting1 many of the
Irregularities incident to the transition
period between mid-Summer and early
Pall trade. Despite the hot wave, with
Its effect on the growing distributive de
mand, and also because of the reports
of damage to the corn crop which it
has Incited, a more cheerful feeling Is
perceptible In general trade, and the
booking of Fall orders for dry goods,
clothing and hardware at leading West
ern centers, and heavy engagements In
iron and steel products, though at lower
prices, are of encouraging proportions.
Prices are not showing the precipitate de
clines noted some time ago, and among
the really encouraging features is the
advance in wheat, mainly based on Im
proved export Inquiry.
Wool "is rather firmer than of late
because of the better inquiry, though It
must be admitted that this steadiness
Is somewhat at the expense of new busi
ness. Cotton goods partake of the strength
Of raw material, and while weakness is
still perceptible, brown cottons, print
cloths and wide sheetingB, the
-Si&tural corrective of reduced pro
duction, are being lncreasfngly sought.
It has been a remarkable year In
cotton and cotton goods, and, although
the goods market is comparatively weak
er than the raw material, a great deal
binges on the next montlTs business In
dry-goods circles. It is regarded as cer
tain that with an ll,XK,OCKV-bale crop,
values will be maintained at prices lower.
It is true, than the present quotations
for raw material, but still high when
compared with the last or previous years
range. The Spring "lightweight" season
has opened with prices 2 to, 10 per cent
iilgber than a year ago and much depends
on the attitude of buyers in guiding man
ufacturers as to purchases of raw ma
terial. While the dry goods demand as
a whole is still classed as backward for
the season, hot weather is credited with
eomc of the responsibility and trade atti
tude as a rule is one of hopeful ex
pectancy. An immense business In steel products
Is reported booked at Pittsburg and Chi
cago, and steel bars are really firmer
with an advance of $4 per ton announced
by Western manufacturers who have sold
'their output up to the close of the year.
Vlg iron is still rather neglected, but
Inquiry for this material is really better
at the South, largely on export account,
end furnace shut-downs are so numerous
us to indicate an adequate realization of
the fact that the root of the evil is in
the output of crude material. Current
production Is claimed to be the lightest
tor more than a year past, and further
announcements of shut-downs are sched
uled as far ahead as September 1. A
significant feature of tho trade Is the
strength of structural material. A large
quantity of material is reported booked
for railroad renewals, but steel rails are
also nominally unchanged at $35 per ton.
The other metals are dull and tin is
weak here and abroad at a recession
from last week's quotations.
Wheat Including flour shipments for
the week aggregate 3,818,760 buShels,
Bgalnst 3,327,003 last week; 3,516,154 In the
corresponding week of 1S99: 3.928.G06 in
3B9S, 3.4G0.O00 in 1897, and 2,633,216 in 189S.
5"rom July 1 to date the season's wheat
exports are 17,887,628 bushels, against 22,
621,650 bushels last season, and 18,354,728
bushels in 189S-S9.
Bnnic Clearing.
NEW TORK, Aug. 10. The following
table, compiled by Bradstreet, shows the
bank clearings at principal cities for the
week ended August 9, with the percentage
of Increase and decrease as compared
with the corresponding week last year:
Inc. Dec
3Cew Tork $ 703,472,000 ....
Boston 107.304,000 ....
Chlcaeo 118.570.000 ....
22
9.2
24.8
2.0
4.6
Philadelphia .. .. 77,161,000
Bt. Louis 2S.9C2.000
Pittsburg 25.6S3.000
Baltimore .. ... 17,923,000
6.2
San .Francisco .... it.209.ow
Cincinnati 13,425.000
2.2
17.2
26.9
17.6
292
Kansas City
15.126,003
3TeW' Orleans ......
'Minneapolis
Detroit
Cleveland .. ......
Louisville .... ....
Providence ,. ....
Alilwaukee .... ...
St. Paul
(Buffalo
Omaha
Undianapolls ......
Columbus, O. ....
(Savannah .... ....
tDenver .... .......
Hartford
Richmond .. ......
.Memphis .... .....
Washington . ...
"Peoria ........
Rochester .... ....
New Haven ......
Worcester .... ...
Atlanta
Bait Lake City....
fpringfleld. .Mass.
ort Worth
Portland, Me. ....
Portland, Or.
Bt. Josenh
7,133.003
9,136,OM
9,755,000
12.721.000
7.O32.000
5,420.000
5.538 000
4.0S1.000
4,832,000
5.488,000
5.7S2.000
4,464.000
2.790,000
5,618,000
2,220.000
S.373,000
1.646,000
2,390,0
1.9C0.C00
1.754.000
1,299,000
1,124,000
1.403,000
1.66S.OO0
1,253,000
1,871,000
1.C50.000
1,794,000
4.29L000
8.9
S.S
14.7
12.6
13.2
5.9
11.7
13.8
49.7
75.9
I5i
16.3
9.0
2.4
5.2
12.3
28.3
1.7
9.4
29.7
14.3
57.S
iils
27.0
33.6
1S.6
2.2
14.2
T.i
7i
7.1
1.4
25.0
Los Angeles
2.440.000
Norfolk .a...- c.j m 1.234.000
Syracuse S74.000
Des Moines 1.292,000
Nashville 1.114.000
Wilmington, DeL. 874.000
Fall River 679,000
Ecranton 1.SS4.000
Grand Rapids .... 1,189.000
Augusta, Ga. 697,000
Lowell 504.000
tDayton. O. 909.000
Beattlo 2,792,0uO
Tacoma P97.000
Epokane .... ...... nn.OX)
Sioux City 965 00)
New Bedford 3S4.000
Knoxville, Tenn... 461.000
Topeka S93.O00
Birmingham ...... 710.000
Wichita 499.000
Blnghamton 342,000
Lexington. Ky. ... E06.O10
Jacksonville. Fla.. 205,003
Kalamazoo 395.000
Akron 4K.O00
Chattanooga .. .. 373.003
Rockford, III. 235,000
Canton. 0 2G9.000
Sprlngflold, O. .... 464.000
Fargo. N. D 240.030
Sioux Falls. S. D. 125.000
Hastings, Neb. ... 155.000
Fremont. Nob 135 030
Davenport SS7.O00
Toledo 2,373,000
Galveston 4.153,000
Houston 4.74P.O.X)
Evansville 765,000
Helena 91,000
Macon 570.000
Little Rock 435.C0
Springfield 44S.OO0
Toungstown 268,000
21.4
26
2.2
S6.3
6.2
4.7
14.1
12.6
16.7
4S.8
25.2
3.0
S.2
47.4
6.2
6.7
23.4
20.3
"e'S
4S.3
iile
32.4
25.0
3.5
S.7
25.4
4.2
4.5
11.3
4.5 46.5
37.2
13.4
1-9
Totals. TJ. $1,271,403,000
Outside N. T. 567,935,003
16.2
6.4
xominion 01 uanaaa
Montreal
5
13.407.003
12.S
3.2
7.5
8.6
7S
Toronto ...
Winnipeg ..
Halifax ....
Hamilton ...
fit. John. N.
.Victoria
TVancouvor .
Totals ....
S.353.M0
2.076 OX)
3,709.000
753,000
S63.0TO
6S3.003
B.-..
l,C0,tt3
-J 2S.867.O00
1VIIT GOLD GOES OCT.
London Selling Stocks and Floating
War Bonds.
NEW TORK. Aug. 10. R. G. Dun
Ox's weekly review of trado tomorrow
Trill say:
Progress has been made toward a more
stable position of business, with a few
more heavy contracts to hold the ground
already pained, but for a proper Interpre
tation of the week's results one must
look beyond Wall-street operations, where
tnorcthaninany ctfjer quarter the vnration
season Is leaving its impress of inactivity
Speculation Is cautious, but Investment
holdings are being increased rather than"
diminished, and operators cannot see that
their hesitation en the ground of politics
is echoed any more in general business
circles than two months ago. Small
change appears in railroad stocks, indus
trials are Jl higher, and traction issues
a shade lower. Working forces are
smaller, and will soon be further reduced.
probably for three weeks, by tho closing
down of cotton mills in New England,
which has been delayed longer than was
expected; but our strength is evidenced to
the world by the oversubscription of the
new British loan of 10,000,000, on about a
3 per cent basis, of which over half is
allotted to the American applicants.
London sales of 40.000 shares of stock
and some bonds, and American purchases
of the new foreign loan, explain why geld
goes out In the face of foreign commerce
returns which show for New Tork alone
for the week an excess of exports over
Imports of more than $5,000,000. Exports
for the week of $12,763,719 ,were more than
double those of the same period of 1899,
and for the year are over $S5,tX.000, while
imports gain only $20000.000. The money
market Is untroubled by the financing of
the foreign loan, though the volume of
new commercial loans Is well sustained.
Cotton fell so sharply that some recov
ery is assured in an oversold speculative
market, and spot sold at 10 cents when
the official report appeared, notwithstand
ing many indications of further reduc
tion in consumption.
Wheat advanced about 1 cent, helped
by foreign crop reports. The domestic
outlook is fairly cheerful, and farmers
have marketed freely. Receipts at Inte
rior centers aggregate 6.287.5S1 bushels,
against 3.918.216 last year, and 2.446.417
bushels In 1898. Exports from Atlantic
ports were only 1,720,963 bushels of wheat,
flour Included, against 2,503,344 bushels last
year, although purchases on foreign ac
count were large, and promise an In
creased movement hereafter.
Corn gains nearly 2 cents with the aid
of dry-weather reports, and Is 8 cents
above the price at this time last year;
Both receipts and exports for the week
fell more than 1,000,000 bushels below the
same week in 1889. Improvement is slow
In boots and shoes, with only a small per
centage of Eastern shoe factories at -work.
The textile markets have been free
from such features as marked recent di
visions of prices, hut the price Is of fair
volume. Loss of the Chinese market has
put coarse brown cottons In a bad posi
tion, other grades being less seriously af
fected. In woolen goods reorders are not
up to expectations, and some serges sell"
lower, .aianuractuners show more Interest
In tho wool market, taking fair Qualities
and seeking fewer concessions. The tone
Is firmer, though prices are unchanged.
Failures for the week were 177 In the
United States, against 136 last year, and 23
In Canada, against 29 last year.
EDUCATING EAST SIDE VOTER
Sullivan aad Engle Explain
Hysterics of Imperialism.
the
New Tork Evening Sun.
Debating classes and night schools are
to be started on the Bowery and In Allen
street to instruct the voters of the Tim
othy D. Sullivan and the Martin Engel
Association the meaning of antl-lmperlal-lsm.
"There Is a lamentable "Ignorance on the
subject down this way," said the Rev.
Billy Leonard today, "and It will re
quire hard work on the part of our Sun
day school teachers and literary clubs to
spread tho glorious, doctrine so that our
gang can vote intelligently. Our dear
leader, Tim Sullivan, would rather have
no votes at all down this way than to
accept a vote from a man who did not
understand what he was voting for. He
wants every vote in his district to register
the intelligent opinion of the voter on the
great issues of the campaign, and he
wants all his constituents to be fully
posted on the financial situation. A good
many of our gang are the best-posted
men you ever saw on the financial ques
tion around election time."
Professor Larry Mulligan Is now en
gaged In preparing a book on the subject
of imperialism, and it will soon be ready
for publication. The regular meeting of
the Allen-Street Literary Club last night
was attended by a large crowd, and the
ostracized set of the Martin Engel Asso
ciation werj very much in evidence. They
declared that they had been sent there
by orders of Captain "Diamond" Charlie
Solomon, who said to them: "Touse guys
have got to study up on that thing they
call ante-up-imperiallsm because it is dor
orders from Croker."
Shortly after President Joe Cohen called
the meeting to order. Long Reach Reagan
arose and said: "Say, I want you to set
tle a dispute between me and Fiddles
FinkeTsteln. I bet that Impeellsm was
de name of de new horse Larry Mulli
gan bought, and was named Impeellsm
because it was a son of Imp, der horse
wot got all der coin down at der track
der day dat Gas Works Meyers found a
dollar and went broke on der race. Fid
dles, he sez dat it means Devil, because
an imp is a little devIL"
"Te gods, have pity on these poor
Democrats!" said Cohen, as he mopped
his brow. "I will tell you," he went on,
"what is imperialism. I am giving you
the definition and meaning of It as
I received It from the Hon. Tim Sulli
van, and as he wants you to understand
It. Imperialism means just the same
thing as playing poker in a saloonkeep
er's back room, and keeping out nothing
for a 'kitty for him. It means getting
something for nothing, and something
we don't want. Tim says we don't want
the Philippines, because it Is too far
away, and if It was necessary for Tam
many Hall to rule it, the gang would bo
too far away to watch. They might
hold out more than their share in the
rake-off.
"Dat vas veryglear, I 'tinks," said
Fiddles Finkelstein.
"Supposin'," said Mike Hannlgan, the
Weighing Machine Man, "thot wo cud
grab Olrland, what wud Tim Sullivan say
ter that? Wud he belave in givin Olr
land back ter England?"
"I can say for Tim Sullivan," said Co
hen, "that if wo ever grab Ireland, Tim
will bring it over to the Bowery."
"Thin I am a Dimocrat and wid yea
ivery tolme. I am wid Impeellsm. Hur
rah for him." said Hannlgan.
The club will meet again next week.
The Martin Engle Association has fol
lowed the Timothy D. Sullivan Associa
tion in shelving the sliver question. Or.
the banner which it swung out las't week
in front of its headquarters at Grand and
Ludlow streets tho words "Anti-Imperialism"
appear, but no reference Is made to
silver. There is great excitement among.
Hester-streot citizens over the meaning
of anti-imperialism, but their perplexity
will be relieved as soon as Joo Cohen is
able to get to them.
The Wide-Tire Lnvr.
Salem Journal.
The act authorizes the County Court
to make a Tebate of $1 per wheel each
year for four years In the road tax of
each person who shall own and have In
habitual use a vehicle for heavy freight
having tires not less than three inches
in width.
A further rebate of $2 per year Is au
thorized for each vehicle having tires
not less than four inches in width, whose
front axle is at least eight inches shorter
than the rear one. so that the front and
rear wheels shall not come In contact
with the same road surface when moving
in a straight line.
It does not speak In clarion tones for
the enterprise of our farmers that they
do not more generally .take advantage of
the provisions of this law. for they would
thereby not only save their taxes but
greatly improve the roads over which
they must haul their products to market.
Towne'j Expected Rerrard.
Albany Democrat.
Mr. Towne has withdrawn, but he will
be heard from again. He would make
a first-class Secretary of State under
President Bryan.
THE TAI PING REBELLION
REVOIiT WHICH THREATENED THE
WHOLE CHINESE EMPIRE.
Chinese
Gordon Called In te Sup
i It The "Ever -Victorious"
Army.
The Tai Ping rebellion, which nearly
overthrew the Chinese Empire 40 years
ago, was similar In many respects to the
present troubles in China, says the Lon
don News. It was by suppressing It that
General Gordon got his title of Chinese
Gordon, and was made a Mandarin,
while the force- under him was known
as the Ever-Victorious Army. In Eng
land, however, his services were the
causa of controversy, and he was de
nounced by some as a mercenary soldier,
who accepted Chinese pay to oppress the
native Christians. Gordon was, in fact,
lent to the Chinese by the English Gov
ernment when our war with China in
I860 was over. Tho Tai Ping rebellion in
1863 had assumed such dimensions that a
HILLS BORO'S
RUFUS WAGGENER,
HILLSBORO, Or., Aug. 10. Rufus Waggenerthe newly appointed "Postmaster
for Hlllsboro, was born in Johnson County, Indiana, November-5, 1842. When he
was 4 years of age his parents emigrated to Jowa. At the age'of 18 he enlisted In
Company B, Third Iowa, and served three years In the Army of the West, Mc
Pherson's Seventeenth Corps, under Grant and Sherman.. He was at the battles
of Shiloh, sleire of Vicksburg and Jackson, Miss., successively, and was In active
service throughout the term of his enlistment. He received his discharge June 18,
1864, and was married in November of that year to Miss Anna B. Bailey, of Knox
ville, la. Eight children were born to them, five of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs.
Waggener came to Oregon In 1872, and for the last IS years have conducted the Tual
atin Hotel, at Hlllsboro. Mr. Waggener has been identified with the G. A. R. since
its organization in this Btate. He is also a Mason, a member of Tuallty Lodge, of
this city.
large part of Southern China was ruled
by the rebels, and even Shanghai and its
stores and European Inhabitants were
threatened.
Hung Tsue Schuen, or the Tien Wang,
the leader of the Tai Pings, was' a kind
of Chinese MahdI. His fatherJyas a
peasant farmer of the tribe of Hakkas,
a despised race In the south of China
He failed to pass the examinations en
titling him to a place among the lit
erati from which the officials are chosen,
and so became a malcontent. From
studying the tracts given him by an
American missionary, Issachar Roberts,
he came to believe that he was a son of
heaven, a younger brother of Christ, with
a new revelation, and tthat an old man
ho saw In his visions was the Christian
God. He was not a Mohammedan, but
a Christian MahdI, mixing up the super
stitions of his Hakka tribe with Chris
tian theology and the Chinese classics
ho had failed to pass in.
After a long trance of 40 days, he arose
from his sick bed and nailed upon his
doorpost the proclamation that he was
tho Heavenly King. From this moment
he never swerved from the belief that
he was the rightful ruler of the world,
and this was the beginning of a rebellion
that caused devastation In 16 provinces
and 600 cities. Tho ancient palace of the
Ming dynasty In their old capital of Ran
kin became his home from 1853 for many
years.
He Is described as being tall, with a
flowing black beard, bright eyes, and an
Intelligent face. The great difficulty he
had to contend with was his own dislike
to guiding military operations and the
danger of being superseded by an abler
General. Five of his Generals he had ap
pointed as Kings of different provinces;
but when he came to be secluded In the
palace at Nankin, and visible only to his
brother and his wives, the management
of these Generals became a difficult mat
ter. In 1856 he put to death one of them,
his ablest General, the Eastern King.
The latter asserted that he was visited
by the Holy Ghost, and that the Heaven
ly Father was so displeased with the Tien
Wang for kicking his wives that he or
dered him to humble himself and receive
40 lashes.
The punishment was accepted, but the
Eastern King was shortly after put to
death. There was a common mistake in
England at the time that the Tai Pins
rebels were Christians. In outward forms
and in their claims they were, but later
Information showed the monstrous and
blasphemous character of their religion.
They were essentially destroyers, "with
no talent for good government, leaving
the cities in ruins and the country de-
populated of human beings. They swept
over Southern China, to the Intense fear
of the peasantry. When the Tai Pings
came near Shcnghal, 15,000 peasants would
crowd Into the city till the incursion was
over. By means of English troops the
country for SO miles around Shanghai
was kept clear of the rebels, and it was
from the army organized there that their
power was finally broken.
First an American named Ward, a man
of reckless daring, enlisted a band of
foreign seamen at Shanghai, and with
these as officers, a corps of rudely drilled
natives was raised. However, their out
rages on the country folks were as bad
as the rebels, and they had a tendency to
desert en masse to the rebels if their
pay got In arrears. Ward treated tho
whole matter as a commercial specula
tlon. He fell in an assault on Ningpo In
1862; the command was taken for a time
by an unprincipled man called Burge-
vlne, who finally deserted to the rebels,
when Gordon had superseded him.
The Chinese appealed to England for
the loan of a commander, and General
Stavely appointed Major Gordon. Gor
don had come out of China in I860. He
had been present at the march on Pe
kln, and at the burning of the Summer
palace. The soldiers under his com
mand were about 4000 native Chinese sol
diers, divided Into four regiments, and
officered by 70 Europeans and Americans,
many of whom had been sailors or sol
diers in the English forces. He made
no attempt to introduce strict British
discipline, but his men soon became de
voted to him, and would follow him any
where. His personal influence Is shown
by the fact that toward the end of the
campaign his bodyguard consisted of
Tai Pins rebels, who had been captured,
and yet became his devoted followers.
His men were paid IS. or 36s, per month.
Their arms came from the stores of
smooth-bore muskets, in use by our In-
diaa troops, and a few of the veterans
were favored with Enfield rifles. Cer
tain lines of streets In the ruined city of
Sunldang were set apart as the army's
quarters, but there was no attempt at
barrack discipline. When oft duty the
Chinese soldiers wore their native dress,
and might be seen lounging in the tea
shops or working- at their trades, and
Chinese magistrates and policemen meted
out the bamboo every morning to offend
ers. None of them understood any Eng
lish except the words of command, which
were learnt by rote.
Before Gordon took command the force
was useless for any great effort. He
resolved to have effective artillery, and
by Judicious drill the pick of the Chinese
soldiers were trained in, the rougher
duties of artillery, while the English
sailors, some of whom had been non-commissioned
officers and gunners in the
navy, became the artillery officers. For
guns he "was empowered to draw on the
military stores at Shanghai.
He also took advantage of the peculiar
nature of the country, which Is Inter
sected by canals and lakes, and where all
travel is by water, and had his own little
navy. It consisted of two little vessels,
the Hyson and the Firefly, which had
originally been built as tow boats, and in
appearance seemed altogether unfit for
warlike purposes. The Hyson was about
NEW POSTMASTER.
80 feet In length, and drew neaSy three
feet of water, and could penetrate the
most shallow lakes and canals. She car
ried a 32-pounder howitzer overlooking
the stern. There were practically no bul
warks, and one well-directed shot in the
boiler or the powder magazine would have
sunk her. The captain was an Irishman,
Davidson, and he handled the little war
ship with such daring and discretion that
the mere sight of the smoke of her fun
nel was enough to put to flight a rebel
army. Gordon h!mselfbften made use of
these boats as his headquarters in action,
and his snake banner, the peculiar battle
flag or streamer forming the insignia of
Chinese commanders, might always be
seen on such occasions at the prow.
The successes of the little army almost
justified the Chinese title of ever-victorious.
Gordon took the field In April,
1863, against a rebel host that In his neigh
borhood numbered quite 100,000 men. They
were largely armed with muskets and
rifles, and held every walled city for a
distance of several hundred miles south
and west of Shanghai. The towns lay In
ruins, and the country was only Inhabited
by pheasants, hares and foxes. It was
Gordon's little force that did nearly all
the .actual fighting and assaulting of
walled cities, which Chinese imperial
troops were called in to garrison when
once taken while Gordon was attacking
elsewhere. His first success was the tak
ing of a small military post, Fu Shan, and
for this he was reported to Pekin by the
well-known LI Hung Chang, who was
Governor of the Province. The Emperor
then bestowed on him the rank In the
Chinese Army of Tsung Ping (brigadier
general).
He followed this up by taking Tai
Tsang, then Qulnsan, a strategical posi
tion on the network of canals and lakes
which center at Soo Chow. And finally
Soo Chow itself fell. Qulnsan was taken
by a manouver of the little Hyson, which
steamed round the city and cut it off
from Soo Chow. The rebels fled, a dis
orderly mob, along the canal on the road
to Soo Chow, while the little Hyson slowly
followed them and mowed them down
with grape.
Burgevlne had enlisted a hundred Eu
ropeans at Shanghai,' and they were
crimped to Soo Chow under the impres
sion that they were engaged for service
under Gordon. Before Soo Ghow finally
fell most of them had been glad to slink
from beneath the walls and seek refuge
with Gordon. Gordon made terms of
surrender with the rebel leaders at Soo
Chow, but these were shamelessly vio
lated by the Chinese Governor, Fu Tai,
who put them all to death. The indigna
tion of Gordon was extreme, and he
threatened to resign his command, and
for some months desisted from hostili
ties. The danger of his army going over
to the rebels, and a promise that Euro
pean standards of morality would hence
forth be observed caused him to begin
again. With the fall of the city of
Chang Chow in the May following the
Tai Ping rebellion was dealt its death
blow, and at this moment Colonel Gor
don's recall arrived In China, probably
because of the massacre at Soo Chow.
But only Nankin, the last stronghold of
the Tai Pings, remained, and It fell In the
midst of a galaxy of- concubines who had
similarly sought their death. The money
reward offered Gordon was refused, but
ho came back with the rank of Mandarin
and a yellow jacket.
Our Presidents' British Ancestry.
London Chronicle.
Of the 25 Presidents of the United States
all but one have been of British family
origin. Fifteen, headed by Washington,
came of English stock. Three, includ
ing that James Morfroe, Tvho gave his
name to a doctrine, had Scotch ancestors.
One, Thomas Jefferson, inherited pure
Welsh blood, while five others traced
their lineage to Scotch-Irish ancestry. No
descendant of Irish forefathers has ever
attained the Presidency.
Wages of Threshing Crews.
Weston Leader.
The wages paid by one threshing out
fit in this locality, according to figures
obtained from the owner, may be taken
as a fair indication of the ruling rates
this year. They were: Four hoe-down
men, $2 50 each: two sack-sewers, 52 50
each; stacker, $2; engineer, $4; straw
buck, $3; drivers, $2 each. This outfit
found it necessary to charge 6 cents a
bushel for threshing 1 cent more than
last year.
PROGRESS OF PRINTING
CELEBRATION OF GTTTENBERG'S
FIFTH CENTENARY.
Review ot tne Art Since Its Dla car
er y Earliest Specimens of Prlnt
lns Fanst and the Bible.
London Dally News.
Tho fifth centenary of the birth of John
Gutenberg, the first printer ot the Bible,
was celebrated from June 23 to.June 26, at
Mayence (or Mentz). with all due cere
mony. Whether Gutenberg or Kdster or !
another was the first real typographer
need not concern us now. The contro
versy on the subject has been of almost
unparalleled duration and magnitude, but,
as in so many similar disputes, the Issue
would probably bo of very v little conse
quence, even If It could be determined
beyond doubt. The occasion may be
turned to more profitable account by tak
ing a cursory survey of tho rise and
progress not to say tho evolution of the
art with which, at all events, Gutenberg's
name is indlssolubly associated.
The first dim glimmering of a concep
tion of the art of printing must surely
havo occurred to some prehistoric "think
er in advance of his age" when first he
began to "let his consciousness play free
ly around" the cause and effect of foot
prints. In-what manner this primitive
conception was first developed none can
tell. Impressed seoja would seem to be
removed by several stages from the im
mediate adaptation of tho idea; yet they
are apparently as old as civilization. The
Babylonish bricks of clay bearing hiero
glyphics stamped In relief are also of
very respectable antiquity, and are equal
ly of the earth earthy with footprint.
The stamping of coins is also an art of
highly respectable antiquity. This stamp
ing of bricks, of seals and of coins is ob
viously a near approach to "the art pre
servative of all arts." in each case the
object Is the multiplication of copies.
Stamping is substantively printing; sub
sequent developments are mero modifica
tions, tending chiefly toward speed, econ
omy and convenience. The essential dif
ference between stamping and typography
Is that in the "former case the device is
an integral part of the material im
pressed; in the latter case, the device Is
addltipnal to the material, being trans
ferred from an original (engraved or oth
erwise fashioned) by means of an inter
vening stain or pigment. It Is astonish
ing that such an astute and ingenious
people as the old Romans, who stamped
their pottery more or less elaborately
with monograms, names and other
marks, should have failed to take the one
step necessary to complete the invention
of printing.
The earliest extant specimen of printing
In the West Is a devotional picture repre
senting St. Christopher carrying the in
fant Jesus over the .sea. The print bears
a Latin-inscription In the Gothic charac
ter and the date 1423. It was found past
ed inside the cover of a Latin manu
script book In a monastery at Buxhelm,
near Augusburg. Such prints as the "St.
Christopher" known as "image prints"
were produced by cutting the picture
and the text in relief and In reverse on
a wooden block. The design was then
inked over and transferred to paper. The
pictures thus obtained were generally
colored by hand. Tho combination of
several such prints In the form of a book
was an obvious requirement; and thus wo
got the famous block books, which mark
an era In the history of printing, and ot
which the British Museum contains many
remarkable examples, such as the "Biblia
Pauperum." or "Bible of the Poor," which
is supposed to be the earliest of the block
books.
nYrn (,Vtr,V ainmnlnir tVin nf T1nrtlf
materials having been succeeded by print-
ing on parchment or on paper with a pig
ment, the next step was one of which tho
desirability must, one would suppose.
Gutenberg. This step was simply the
emDloyment of separate characters, or
"movable "types," which could be used
over and over again In new combinations.
It is here that John Gutenberg, or Geins
fleisch, comes upon the scone. He was
born, some think, in 1399. or. as the Ger
mans have recently assumed, in 1440, and
ho died In 1463. In partnership with
Faust, or Fust, he produced at Mentz, or
Mayence, the first book printed from
movable types the celebrated Gutenberg
or Mazarln Bible. It is printed In Latin,
from (presumably) cut metal types, in the
Gothic or black-letter character, and owes
its alternative name to the fact that it
was discovered in the library of Cardinal
Mazarln. A perfect copy of it was sold
quite recently for more than 4000; and
even inferior or defective copies have
reached half that price. Gutenberg dis
solved partnership with Faust in 1455, and
'; ROYAL Baking
Powder is indispens
able to the prepara
tion of the finest
cake9 hot-breads
-y
rolls and muffins.
Housekeepers are sometimes importuned to-
"buy other powders because they are "cheap."
Housekeepers should stop and think. If '
such powders are lower priced, are they not
inferior ?
Is it economy to spoil your digestion to
save -a few pennies?
Alum is used in some baking powders bo
v - cause it is cheap. It costs but a few cents a
V x ' pound whereas the chief ingredient in a pure
v - . ,r powder costs thirty. But alum is a corrosive
. , , """" . , poison which, taken in food, acts injuriously
" "-V-'" ' upon the stomach, liver and kidneys
ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., 1C0 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK,
the business was carried on by Faust and
Schoeffer, who, In 1453, produced Durand's
"Rationale Divlnorum," which Is reput
edly the first book printed with, cast
types.
The old story of Faust, and tho Blblo
(probably apocryphal) Is -worth repeating
for the benefit ot readers who may never
have met with it. Tho characters used
In tho early Bibles were ar close Imita
tion of the handwriting- of the scribes or
copyists of tho time, just as, at a later
date, the first italic characters were imi
tated from the beautiful handwriting of
Petrarch. The story goes that Faust car
ried a number of copies of his Bible to
Paris where, of course, the art of print
ins was then unknown and there endea
vored to palm them off as MSS. His wil
lingness to sell his copies at 60 crowns
each, says the elder Disraeli, while the
scribes demanded 500 crowns caused much
astonishment, which was intensified when
the vendor produced conies as fast as
they were wanted, and even lowered the
price as the demand increased. The uni
formity of the copies increased the won
der, until It reached the pitch of Intense
excitement He was denounced to the
magistrates as a magician. His lodgings
were searched, and a great number of
copies were found. The red Ink (and
Faust's red Ink is peculiarly brilliant)
which embellished his copies was declared
to be his blood, and It was solemnly de
cided that he was in league with the
devil. To save himself from a bonflro,
Faust was at length compelled to reveal
the secret of his art to the Parliament
of Paris, "who discharged him from all
prosecution in consideration of his useful
invention."
To the layman the statement may seem
paradoxical that, while the invention of
movable types was an enormous step In
the direction of speed and economy, and
established the art of printing on an ef
fective basis, those very attributes havo
been. In comparatively recent times, en
hanced a hundredfold by the introduction
of a process which Is, in effect, a. return
to the principles of block-printing. Ged.
about 1725, and TUloch, about 1779, intro
duced methods of stereotyping. They saw
that It would be an immense advantage to
be able to multiply pages of type, or typo
forms, without the trouble and expense
of setting up the type many times over.
They proceeded dj- takins molds (of plas
ter, papier-macho, or other plastic ma
terials) of the movable type forma or
pages. By placing these molds In a metal
box of suitable shapo and pouring in
molten type metal (which Is composed ot
variable proportions of lead, tin and anti
mony, forming an alloy, which Is tough
without being overbrittle), as many fac
similes as required of tho original typo
forms could be produced. By this means
six or a dozen or more copies of. say, a
circular, or two or more copies of a news
paper, can be printed at one Impression,
while the movable type Is at once set free
for other uses. Without stereotyping the
exceedingly high speeds of modern news
paper printing machines would bo Impos
sible: for the highest speeds are only at
tainable where the matter to be printed
can be curved round the cylinders of tho
machines, and It is obvious that movable
types could not be used in this way.
Forms of moyable types can only bo
placed on a flat bed or piano surface, and
run backward and forward under tho Im
pression cylinders; whereas the thin and
comparatively flexible stereotype plates i
can be easily accommodated to tho curve
of the cylinder. Again there Is a partial
reversion to tho principle of the block
system in the Linotype composing ma
chine, which, Invented In the United
States by a clockmaker of German origin
Ottmar Mergenthaler, who died a few
months ago was introduced to London In
18S9, and Is now in general use in the
larger newspaper offices. This morveloua
machine, by which an operator working
at a keyboard produces a "line o' type"
(hence the name Linotype) at a rate of
speed Incomparably greater than that at
which types can be set up by hand, does
J set up types, but matrices Into which
as soon as a line Is completed, a jet or
molten lead Is squirted, formlns a solid
line. These stereotyped lines can be
made up into columns or pages of any
! desired length, and then may be printed
on a flat bed, or, alternately, molds can ba
taken from the forms Into which they
are made up, and cylindrical plates cast
for use on -fast machines.
Shortage- of Wheat in the Valley.
BARLOW, Aug. 8. (To the Editor.)
I account for the extreme shortage of
our wheat crop In the Willamette Valley
this year in this way: We all know that
we had heavy pouring-down rains this
season, just at the time when all tho
Fall wheat was in full bloom. And it
washed all tho pollen off the heads,
which did not and could not fill. All
know, or should know, that when the pol
len washed off, the wheat stopped grow
ing; that Is, the grain in the wheat head
failed to mature.
This is going to be a hard year on the
graingrowers of the Willamette Valley.
Every bushel of wheat that 1 raised this
year coat me 52 a bushel, mora than It
will sell for In the market, for there s
not a bushel of merchantable wheat in
the lot. We expected 3000 bushels of
s-ood merchantable wheat; wo got SS5
bushel3 of very poor wheats that will not
sell for 40 cents a bushel, and we had to 1
pay hands the same price as when we got
from Jl to 51 so a Dusnei, aau um -.
50 bushels per acre, and It will take twice j
the amount ot wheat that I raised this
wftT- to nav mv taxes. Fortunately, hay is
u.hi.(. t!r- nrlce on account of tho
China and Philippine wars, so It Is an ;
Ill-wind that doesn't blow good to soj?0" i
ROOSEVELT INDORSED.
An Oregon Man Gets a. Straight
Answer From Chicago.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
WAI.DO. Or.. My 30.-4TO " ,Ea!tor'T:
the 24th the ascech ot Govrmor ".
St. Paul on the 17th Inst. Do you, not think
nt 1 fai.tlns- ewrtltfT If not. hen what
do h mean when he says: "They (the Bem
ocrata) stand for lawlessness and disorder, tor
dishonesty and dishonor, for license and- dis
aster at homo and cowrdly shrlnWnff from
duty abroad." Then, are we to understand
that ot the officers In the late war with Spain
nnna who were Democrats were brave and un
shrinking? Do you believe, as Roosevelt does,
that Lawton. Wheeler. Schley and Dewey are
cowards and shrank from their duty abroad?
Do you lndorsa Mr. Roosevelt's speech tn. full?
W. J. WIJIKR.
Wo do Indorse Governor Roosevelt's
St. Paul speech, and wo believe that any
intelligent and loyal American who con
siders, without partisan bias, the sever
al counts In his indictment of Democ
racy must do tho same. The facts under
these counts compel such a vlow:
Lawlessness, disorder and license. Tho
Chicago platform's attack upon tho Su
preme Court, its sympathy with rioters
expressed In its falsehoods as to "gov
ernment by injunction," all reiterated
and reaffirmed In the Kansas City plat
form, amply prove this count. In ad
dition, the Kansas City platform ap
proves Filipino arson, murder., and re
bellion. Dishonesty and dishonor. The Chicago
platform's demand for the free coinage
of silver at the ratio of 15 to J, specifical
ly reiterated In tho Kansas City plat
form, clearly proves this count. What
could bo more dishonest and dishonor
able than a proposal to repudiate 50 per
cent or more of ajl public and private
debts?
Disaster at home. The Kansas City
platform's denunciation of the Dingily
law, under which tho nation has pros
pered as never before, plainly shows tfint
tho Democracy would, if Intrusted with
power, return to tho disastrous tariff
policy of tho Cleveland Administration.
Cowardly shrinking from duty abroad.
The "policy of scuttle" In the Philip
pines, declared in the Kansas City plat
form and advocated by Mr. Bryan, is In
disputable proof of this count. The fact
that many supporters of Bryan, denounco
as "imperialism" our government's ef
forts to save the lives of American citi
zens in China shows to what lengths
Democratic shirking and shrinking have
gone.
Lav-ton was, and Wheeler, Schley and
Dewey are all expansionists, despite tho
fact that they may have once been Dem
ocrats. Governor Roosevelt cast no slur
upon these men. He did not speak of
this bravo minority, but of the repre
sentative majority in the Kansas City
convention.
"Study tho Kansas City platform." said
Governor Roosevelt in the sentence Im
mediately preceding the one Mr. Wimer
quotes, "and you cannot help realizing
that their (the Democratic) policy Is a
policy of infamy.." And those who
falsely accuse Roosevelt of insulting
these dead and ltvins heroes carefully Ig
nore General Lawton's last letter, in
which he pointed out that the blood of
his soldiers reddened the hands of the
men at home who rv-ouraio:ed our foes
abroad, even as the Democratic party en
courases them today.
Governor Roosevelt told the exact truth
when ho said that tho Bryanlzed Democ
racy stood for a policy of National in
famy and misery. May he continue to
tell it and the cold facts that prove it.
Stole a Stove.
Yesterday afternoon a bold burglary
was perpetrated at the home ot Mrs.
Frank Stevens, at 434 East Oak street.
Mrs. Stevens and daughter were sleeping
In tho house, when some man driving a
white horse drove in front of the house
and went into the basement. From thera
he took a heating stove, and carrying It
to his wagon, drove away. He was seen
by tho neighbors, but they supposed that
he had authority to take the stove. Mrs.
Stevens missed tho stove after awaken
ing, and they ascertained that It had
been taken away in the way described.
The police were notified.
Jv3lSS
the lightest
most
delicious
and
13SiV
hot hiscoit