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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 27, 1900)
THE MOBNING OREGONIAN, FRIDAY, JULY 27, 1900. 10 TRANSPORTATION ADVANCE IN 100 YEARS (Copyright, 1000. by Seymour Eaton.) THE OREGONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE: DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF TWO CENTURIES (Concluded.) Teclmicnl Improvement. The technical Improvements In the means of transportation whloh have done most to revolutionize travel and traffic during the last 100 years are the inven tion of macadam and telford roads, the application of the steam engine to river and ocean commerce and the introduction of the steam and electric railways. Fu ture writers on transportation will doubt less be obliged to dwell at some length upon the social and Industrial changes brought about by the bicycle and the au tomobile. Their introduction has so re cently taken place, that the consideration of their influence may properly be post poned for a decade. Bobert Fulton invented a workable Bteamboat for river service in 1807, and within a few years it had come Into gen eral use on the numerous navigable water ways of the United States. By 1S19 the adaptability of the steam engine to the propulsion of the ocean vessel had be come a demonstrated fact, although it .was not until 15 years later that trans oceanic steam navigation really came Into existence. In these latter diys of large ocean vessels we hardly realize how email the ocean ships were ICO yeirs ago. The Grand Turk, of 564 tons, con structed in 1791, was probably the largest ehip built in America up to that time. Ihiring the fourth decade of the 19th cen tury some vessels of over 1000 tons were constructed, and in 1S10 the large ship, the Great Britain, of 3000 gross tons, was built. One hundred years ago, however, a vessel of 300 tons was still considered a largo ship and as late as 1840 vessels of that size traded from the United States to India and China. At the present time we have vessels over 700 feet long, with a displacement of 28.500 tons, and a draught of 21 feet. The engines on these mammoth ships are capable of developing SO.000 horse-power and will carry 2O00 or 2000 persons across the ocean at the rate of over 600 miles a day. The evolution of the railway presents an equally striking illustration of the technical evolution that has taken place In the transportation machine during the last century. Stevenson's famous Rocket, which .won the prize in the contest at Ralnhlll. England, in 1829. weighed Ave tons. Engines are now built weighing 100 tons. At the time of the introduction of the railway it was considered remark able that an engine could make 25 or 30 miles an hour At the present time wo are familiar with speeds as high as 80 and 90 miles an hour. The freight cars of the present time. Instead of carrying five tons, are built to transport from 30 to 50 tons each, and the freight train has Increased its load from 100 to 2000 tons. This marvelous development In speed of travel and In volume of tralnload has been accompanied by an equally great Im provement in the comforts of travel and in the speed and regularity of traffic movements. Freight trains carrying 1000 to 1500 tons of freight are dispatched 1000 miles or more according to a schedule that is as strictly adhered to as are pas senger schedules. Effects on Commerce. Transportation Is the handmaid of trade. Whatever enables this handmaid to do her work cheaper and quicker enlarges the scope and volume of the world's com merce. When one considers that it cost nearly four times as much in 1875 to ship wheat from Chicago to New York as it does 25 years later, one can readily under stand how transportation has removed the hindrances to inland and foreign commerce. Effects Upon Industry. Another effect of the modern trans portation system has been to mike pos sible and to hasten the substitution of pro duction on a large scale for production on a small scale. The manufacturing carried on in the homes and in the small factories Is everywhere giving way to the indus tries of the large factories. In nearly all forms of industry production on a large icale by .means of great aggregations of capital is the rule. In manufacture, in mining and lumbering this Is notably so. In the mercantile business, and to some extent in agriculture, there is manifest a tendency to extend the scope of the indi vidual business organization. It is im proved transportation which has made this possible. The substitution of production on a large scale for small industries has been accompanied by another Important indus trial change, consisting of the localization of the leading kinds of production In lo calities possessing special advantages. &s long as the crude materials of indus try and the commodities to be marketed could be transported any considerable distance only by slow and expensive methods it was necessary for all forms of Industry to be as widely distributed as ppsslble, in order that producers and con sumers might be kept close together; but the modern transportation system has largely changed this. Now the various Industries are respectively located where the net balance of advantages Is greatest. This localization of Industry has resulted In an international and a local distribu tion of productive enterprises. The people of the United Kingdom have long since decided to devote themselves mainly to manufactures and commerce, buying most of their food supplies of people living in regions where agriculture can be car ried on more advantageously. In New England and the northeastern part of the United States a similar industrial change is in progress. For two decades the va rious woolen industries of the United States, for Instance, have been rapidly concentrating in New England and the North Atlantic States, while those states have at the same time been buying in creasing amounts of flour, meats and oth er foods from the Western States. The manufacture of iron and steel in the United States is now largely confined to Pittsburg, Cleveland. Birmingham, Chi cago, and a few other cities especially favorably located as regards fuel sup plies and shipping facilities. Numerous other similar illustrations will suggest themselves to the reader. Transportation and Prodnctlon. In the recent writings of the political economists much more attention than was formerly given has been devoted to the influence which the consumption of goods exerts upon their production. Realizing that mankind as a whole pro duces In order that it may consume, economists have made a study of the wants of men and of the ways in which they seek to satisfy those wants, and the result of this study has been the accept ance of the principle that the kind and quantity of goods produced Is determined by the variety and Intensity of men's wants. It follows as a natural conse quence of this principle that the forces or agencies which modify men's wants ex ort an Influence upon the productive ac tivities which, society and individuals carry on to satisfy those wants. Man's .wants are complex and the forces which influence them are so many that it would not be in place to enter upon an analysis of them here. Wants, like appetites, "grow upon what they feed," and as the consumable commodities available for use are in large part determined by the conditions of transportation, and have been greatly increased In variety and quantity by Improvements in the means of transportation, it is obvious that the many modifications which human wants have undergone during the last century have been to a large extent made pos sible by the evolution that has taken place during that time in the technique of transportation. This increase and these changes In human wants have been re flected in the manifold changes in produc tion that have revolutionized Industry and multiplied in kind and quantity the com modities that now minister to the satis faction of the wants of a complex and highly developed civilization. Transportation and Labor. The real wages of a day's labor are the commodities which the day's labor will secure. Transportation has had no more patent effect than that of Increasing the variety and quantity of useful things which come within the range of the toll er's income. The luxuries of one genera tion or one decade become recognized necessities of the succeeding generation or decade, and among the many forces, liidustrlal and social, which have made this possible, the evolution of transporta tion must take first rank. Transportation has increased the real wages of workingmen, and accompanying this increase, partly as cause and partly as consequence, there has beert an en hancement of the efficiency of labor-. without Injury. Not a case of "heat pros tration" has been reported. As explained before, this remarkable cxomptlon from baneful consequences is due to a variety of natural phenomena. The air is dry, a constant light breeze Is stirring, and the evaporation of perspira tion reduces the body's temperature. It is always cool In the shade, and every night, no matter how hot the day, cool ing breezes flow down from the surround ing mountains. "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE OUR RIVERS AND HARBORS The T7ne of the Bible birth. In Child- PROGRESS AXD COITOITIOX OF PUB LIC IMPROVEMENTS. From The Dnllen to the "Sea and Down the Orejron Coail-lloney Available for Further Worlc WASHINGTON. July 22. The annual report of Captain W. W. Harts, of the Engineer Corp, who is In charge of a PORTLAND. July 2ft. CTo the Editor. In her work, "Science and Health," Mrs. Eddy undertakes to deal with obstetrics, giving ihb following directions: "To at- tPnH Hrnnotffc Ihft birth of the HW Child 6r the dHine idea, yob should so detach ' approved by the Secretary. Captain mBrtal thought from Its material con- ; Marts aces not acai witn me inrbcai ceptiohs that Ihe birth will be natural projects of the state, but reviews the and safe. Th6ugh gathering new enor- progress that has been made in the past gies. ah idea should injure none of Its ' "scat year on tnose worns coinmK .- I useful surruuhdinKS In the travail of splr- , his control. Reference is "not made shore to the influ- itual birth." .. . The Dalle Improvement, ence upon the output of labdr which has Dr. Frank S. Billings published recently J Late In August, 1S29. title to the ent.re been and is being exerted by Improve- in the Now Ybrk Times the following land required for the right of way for ments in machinery Including the niech- accbuht bf the Cnrlsllan Science method the proposed boat railway from The anlsm of transportation, but to the fact In dealing with 6bsttkrical cases: J Dalles to Cell'.o was acquired, under cr.n that the effect of transportation has been , Mr. was Ihe r-retty -as o t a ' dltlons which have heretofore been to give the laborer better food and cloth- clerk. Her molher was a maniacal Christian named. When arrangements were com ing and make him a raoro Intelligent Scientist. When It came time for Mrs. plotcd It was found that the total Cfrst man Thus eaulDned he is a more skillful lo be conflried the husband was told he znleht j of acquiring this land and removing the tended to block tho channel. The funds now available are thought to be sufficient to complete the north Jetty, but an apro priatlon will be necessary to finish the project. Twenty thousand, eight hun dred and twenty-eight dollars was ex pended la dredging a 13-foot channel through four bars In the bay, with a 150 foot width. Christiansen & Johnson, of Marshfleld, were awarded the contract for constructing a dike In Coos River, and completed the work last Winter. The channel Is now satisfactory, but funds have been exhausted. SInslniv River. Halo & Smith, of Portland., secured the contract for extending the north Jetty at the mouth of the Siuslaw River, and i law is obsolete. Besides, we don't rob the gambler. We go Into partnership with him the city docs. He can't com plain, because It paya him. What he wants to make his profits great is an open, unmolested game, and by this partnership he gets it. The city can't complain. It fixes its own share of the profits, and does not participate in the losses. The people can't complain. Their taxes are lessened. Don't you see that this Is a practical question and has nothing to do with merely right and wrong? I notice with pleasure that Chinese lotteries are now included as revenue producers. I confidently expect you. with your old-fashioned mnd Imprac- commenced work In November. eaVnW i "cable notions of official duty, to com part of the river and harbor Improve- $5724 during the year. But slow prone Kn ,r '""J l0--, xnc constitution pro- l. has Ween received at uic was made, owing to the great depth of ""' ,l . ?r "cuv;c' " "u 4C l" TnAnfc In firnr , War Department and made puouc, ai- water, due to recent scouring, which I " l"-kU" aJ- " "- V"" "c" uc """S" - though his estimates for the coming lineal ) rondered operations difficult. Consider- 1 "?' a of Assembly or city ordinance. vnf ,- ri-ithVinM until thv have been i nM. tiffin,, ift. i nniininfitarf t a-rt.niiinf- Trie only method of ever making these the Jetty, as it Is expected the current will continue to scour at the bottom as fast as the Jetty Is extended. At present 95-foot piles are required. When the work has been completed the channel is expected to take a more southerly course than at present. The depth of the chan nel now varies from S to 24 feet acror-fl th bar at high tide, the average depth vile institutions pay for their existence is that adopted by the present officers. It is the only way to get around the constitution, if it does that. Besides, If those old parties who made the consti tution were so unwise as to hamper Portland In obtaining revenue from her gambling hells. It Is their own fault. They are nearly all dead, anyway, and THE PALATIAL Hi BUiLD belnsr 17 feet. A vacant tract embracing.; so It doesn't matter. six acres of public lands near the nwilU , You may have expected support In of the river has been temporarily with- I your unreasonable views from the mln drawn from sale, as It contains slcite j Istcrs of this city. But you mistake suitable for Jetty work, which Is to be there. Here and there some humble THE ROCKET. tracks of the O. R. & N. Co, from the right of way would be SSS.493, which ex penditure was approved by the depart ment, although no action has yet en taken. Congress, Just before adjourn ment, authorized an examination and survey of the route, with a view to tho construction of a canal and locks In lieu of a boat railway, and when the matter was submitted to Captain Harts he re turned the papers wtlh the staterrcnt that such a survey would be both wise and expedient, and can be made for a nominal cost. It Is clear to be seen from his report that he Is Inclined to favor the canal In preference to the boat rail way, although- his recommendation are of a confidential nature. It is very likely that in a short time the Secretary will au thorize the survey. "Any improvement." says Captnln Harts, "that will give con tinuous water transportation from the Upper Columbia to the nea may properly be regarded as of public importance." There is now an unexpended balance of $220,291 on hand for use on this Improve ment, and in all probability the cot of the rcsurvcy will be defrayed from this sum. Cnnnl n Cncnue. During the past year wo k en the canal at the Cascades has been confined fo p o- tectlng the' existing embankment, repnlr- Ing a part of the wajl separating tne ki- ana raising tne cm- found necessary. AH movable dam has been placed la p'sStlen used lu the improvement The Govern ment also anticipated purchasing the Point Terrace quarry near by. The bal ance on hand will permit the building of the Jetty for 200 feet, but further appro priation will be necessary to extend the Jetty the additional 500 feet desired. Four thousand three hundred and eleven dol lars Is now on hand. Ynqnlnn. Bay. Nothing has been d'-ne In the way of Improvement at Yaqulna Bay during the past year, work having been suspended by order of tho Secretary of War. The recent emergency river and harbor b'll, however, contained a provision authoris ing the expenditure of the balance of 5'S -td on the removal of a group of rocks en the side of the channel, about 20X) feet beyond the end of the south Jetty. TJhIs work will be undertaken during tho cur rent year. Tllnmook Bny. The early part of the season on Tilla mook Bay was taken up In the construe- and efficient artisan. Probably als6 the Be to business, and the mother (mothcr-ln-law) ( ? cheap travel which transportation has took the c in hand, ald-d by a Christian wnkment where ' man r,orfhin h , n,,-,, ihr. mn- Scl'nlUt healer. The poor crl b?gaa to uKer. Dn"m.en' ""? ..' .....u, vu.-.w. jv uDB..'k'u -. .. . . . . mnvnn p nnm nn ijc-fn in;iut-ii in n ri&iii bl'dty of labor as to make It possible for d ' J " " iiT" I In front of the upper gates, for use In me jauorer to secure more sy:aay era- -- - - ---- . -v-v , . 0,3,5 of emergencies. Uosca W. Taylor, ploymont. Workingmen are able to seek Jg""1 U IdSiscam SlaKSe. ' of Cascade Lockn. Is the contractor fcr work where the demand Is strongest J, hUd must ve Ten terrinl for . most of the wrrk being done on the casnl. Relation to Social Welfare. rlelnhbors heftri her screamlnc and beeslng for A total of $50. m was expended In this. Transportation Is massing the. formerly a phyelclan. but the Chrliuan fronds never work during the rast year, leaving an .4i,.,.ih.,i u.,ct.ini nnni.inH nnA ih lt im MnRlK IS nain rtanoed: no further available balance of J2 1.243. which Is saiu some extent the rural population. In the fxreamlns a hard. The reason was that the to be sufficient to complete the work now J large cities, whither an Increasing pro- thlld had t-upturtd the womb, and was in the ' under way. It will be necessary to '.use nnrtlnn nf fVio mnnr,xii.rlnf .ntamrl.nt aDaominsi cavity oi ine roomer. ii; i-t me main nnUiinhlUCIll lU.uui Jillil .- 1-w. ww.. w.. ....,- ...........ov.......... 1,..... ..... . ..... -.,- 1 W.-J .. I .. . ., ... I l.k-..l. I lis river r-iuc wun ripmi. nimiiujia m- preachcr whose members do not pay taxes may chime in with you, but the influential prelates of the taxpaying congregations have you not noticed a silence that Is ominous to your view? These In the pulpit and out have de nounced the supposed private graft but look for no support from the cloth In your assault upon the Interests of the religious taxpayers of this city. I trust you will see your way clear to withdraw your Injurious remarks. The new District Attorney, who evolves this plan. Is entitled to support of the taxpayers. It Is for their benefit, and not for his own. that he violates the law. and encourages Us violation br others. And he does it at his own risk, too. The law says "it shall be the es pecial duty of each District Attorney" and other officers named I quote the exact words "to Inform against and diligently prosscute any and all persons whom they shall have reasonable cause to believe guilty of the provisions ot Not a. dark ofTlce In the halldlnci 'olutely flreproort electric lights and artcnlan vrntert perfect manlta tion and thoronch ventilation, Kle vatori ran day and nlffht. lion of a scow, which cost 720. Including t tnjs act" the gambling act. And the equipment It was put In operation in ) jaw further says that If he "shall refuse are being established. There are. of course, other reasons why men arc mov ing to the cities one being the social complete, the canal now permits the pas- sage of boats drawing not more- than eight feet of water, and was cpsn nearly all the year, except when closed on ac- 7prht hi iHt&Twi 1 s Hit was ruthlhc 1ft rnad haite. The husband wa sent for, the physician was sent for. v but too late; the WGman died of hemorrhase. and the rhiA Khnkfl to death. Two murders! But . were these wemen projeuted? Xot a bit of It. Public sentiment was entirely on their side. . count o n'Bh water for a few davs. An and ho official dared to Issue a warrant. "It invcntlgatlr.n proved that the canal was was God's will to take hli dear ones that way. j nQt mu ftt Jtg u end M had bt,en raid tht minuter tnet a Christian SdentUt) conternplated and the anticipated drvdg at tht fuhersl. I lnp was unnecessa-y. Then Is .-.till avall- The writer has no means of testing the nbe $55 for operatlng the canal during 1 accuracy Of tho facts of the case above tno prC5ent year. reporicu, out iney are ouvmuaij . , might reasonably be expected to happen Fnlton'H Enprlne. In the hands Of the Christian Science "healer." It certainly seems to be about time that the dangerous pretensions of the Christian Science fad were taken in hand by the law for the protection of I human beings who have not the sense or knowledge wnereoy to protect tnemseivcs. OTIS KING. advantages which the city affords but tho main cause for the growth of cities ia Industrial, and that cause Is operative and potent because of the industrial changes which have accompanied the de velopment of transportation. The growth of great cities, the consequent establish ment of such a large percentage of the population in the surroundings of life which prevail In the cities, has produced social benefits that have- often been un derrated; but it has also placed certain groups pf society In very unwholsome and Immoral surroundings. The slum population of our cities constitutes a so cial excrcpcence whose existence Is due to the crowding of population In the great Industrial and commercial centers. Though deplorable, the evils of city life are re mediable. They represent a phase Of the present period of transition from the more segregated life of former generations to the conditions of congregated existence. The social evils which have manifested themselves with the growth of cities will be met and overcome In turn and good conditions will be established. Indeed, the very agency that has done more than any other to mass men In the crowded cities Is now doing much by means of the electric cars and other forms of rapid transit to enable the city population to spread out so as to avoid overcrowding. The industrial population of the city is no longer compelled to live In the con gested districts adjacent to its place of employment, but may live In the outer portions of th city, or even in the sub urbs, where the advantages of rural and urban life are combined. The economic and social Influences which transportation exerts are not bounded by national limits. An important consequence of transportation and com munication has been that of bringing the nations of tho world Into closer economic and social relations. With the growing solidarity of the economic interests of the countries of the world, with the multl- Herc Is good common sense. It is clear The IiOTrer Colombia. About the only actual wo-k dne in the Columbia between Vancouver and the mouth of the Willamette was that done by Hale & Kern, of Portland. In placing riprap on the shore protection at the head of Haydcn Island, and taklnsr -other steps "necessary to prererve the defloctlnc dikes nd dams in that vicinity, which are necessary to maintain and pres?rvo the channel. The dike at the hend of the Island has not yet been In position long March and immediately set to work and completed a 10-foot channel 1100 feet ion? and 00 feet wUe across Dry Stocking bir. Another channel of the same dimensions', but.RBS feet long, was dredged throuph the shoal in the channel opposite the mouth of Wilson River, and was compet ed In June. The channel opposite Bay City was widened and deepened, and this work Is still In progress. Several spur dikes have been constructed to direct the channel and maintain the dspth. and old dikes were repaired. As a result of the dikes and dredging, vessels drawing nine feet may at mean high tide rearh Tillamook City. This is the depth sought to be secured. Futhcr appropriation will be needed to complete the project as out lined. Upper Columbia and Snnke. On the Upper Columbia and Snake Riv ers the work consisted mainly of repairs to the deflecting dikes at Log Cabin Rap ids and Goose Island. A contract was made with the Portland Granite & Stone Company for furnishing wa-tc granite for this work at 51 23 per ton, and quarrying at other places was im mediately stopped, the contract prlco be ing much cheaper than the stone could be obtained In any other way. There Is yet to be expended $H2T on this work. Captain Harts submits with his report, a report sent to the last Congress on a survey of the Snake River, which is In accord with his views on tho matter and which has heretofore been extensively re viewed in those dispatches. or willfully neglect to Inform ngalnst and prosecute offenders against this act" the gambling act "he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be punished by a fine of not less than $."50 nor more than $o00. and" mark this "the court before which (he) shall be tried shall declare the office ... vacant for tho balance of the term." Now. when a man takes upon himself such a risk as that, for the benefit of the public and the city, it Is base in gratitude to subject him to unmerited criticism. If you say that there is nothing Illegal In forfeiting ball, and hence the officers are not amenable to this law. I must remind you that If these officers can "spot" the gamblers to make them pay tribute to the city. It would be difficult to make a court believe t they could not "snot" them for the purposes of prose cution. So I conclude that the risk Is there, all the same. In conclusion, let me remind you that It Is a very good Idea to stand In with tho taxnayers. If you are dead bent on fighting" the cause of Christianity, to say nothlns: of morals, go to China and light the Boxers. You will be In less danipr than you will be In Portland. fighting the gamblers and tne oincers and the general public. Believe me, very sincerely "yours. GUY MANNERING. enough to The Orcgonlan, as It must be t onouch to p-oduce the desired cour."hut clear to all plain and practical people, j another year Is expected to bring about that mere sentlmentallsm, and effort to that result The balance of tMca now re- u ,-! , -.,t..ii nntnr. in nwlnlng Is thought to be sufficient to reach mental and spiritual exa tatlon In maJntnln thc maIn and crD55.dikcs du-lng this emergency, are not cnougn. 11 dc- ih(k prcesnt year, but at the end rf that comes, when dimcultles arise, a mecnani cal operation, Just about as much as tho A jyrffflt. 1 J I I fK m a Z!-U Ml -H407A IglpitlaGf ggsi tS ": Fulton's Steamer. shoeing of a horse. The Oregonlan begs pardon for plain speech, but there are occasions when It seems necessary. THE BRIDGE-KEEPERS. An Illustration of the Failure Popular Government. of time It will be necessary to place 10,001 tons of rubble stone on the dikes to com jjensnte for settlement . p Port Orford. The existing wharf facilities at Port Orford are considered adequate for the present and fcr that reason tho Secre tary of War directed that no furth"- Im provement be made at that point Thie Is now $110,858 available for the project If needed. The Coqnllle. A year ago a contract was made with John Klcrnan. of Portland, for extending the two Jetties at the mouth of the Co qnllle seaward, 315 additional feet on the south Jetty, completing It although much of the north Jetty had to be rebuilt. Thet year's work resulted In maintaining the' new six-foot channel running straight out to sea, without obtaining any appre ciable Incrensed depth, although no In creased depth Is expected until tho north Jetty has been raised to high-tide level and extended further seaward. Thc Gov ernment contemplates purchasing one or more of the Coqulllo quarries, so that It may have Its own stone near at hand. A huge rock sunk Just below the surface in the channel near the river's mouth has caused some trouble, and Is yet firm In THIS IS "SARKASM." Perhnp From n Gentleman Who Worxld Favor thc Private Rather ' Than the Public Graft. PORTLAND, July 26. (To the Editor.) its bedding. It Is expected to be removed It would seem that a protest from some ! during the Summer. The funds available quarter should be entered against the will be sufficient to complete the south actloii of the County Commissioners of l Jetty and rebuild about 400 foot of the Multnomah County for the removal of thc ! north one. although additional funds will eight experienced brldgetcndcrs. I do not be necessary to complete the project Tho know any of the men that had been re- balance Is but J2C53. moved, nor those who got their places, ' Many large rocks and other largo snags but having been engared In railroading were removed from the Coqullle between for many years, I know how valuable ; Coqulllo City and Myrtle Point thc are thc services of experienced men for I smaller obstacles being left for low work of this kind, especially where the traffic Is so heavy. What sort of a Justi fication the County Commissioners offer for their action, no one seems to know. Possibly they acted on the suggestion of the County Central Committee, the same organization against which the people of this county delivered such an unmistak able verdict last June. But it is well enough that such practices be Inflicted upon a long-suffering community, for It will surely result In the next Legislature passing a primary election law which will strip political machines of thc power to water. Considerable dredging was neces sary between Rnckllffs Landing and Rob erts Landing, where the channel is being Increased to a 50-foot width. By reason of the year's work, boats which a year ago could not go past Roherts Landing were In June able to reach RackllfTs Landing without difficulty. Tho channel from RackllfTs Landing to Myrtle Point Is very bad, and growing worse yearly. During the dry season It Is a mere creek. Landslides have recently dumped much earth in this part of tho river, which has been carried down, and is damaging the channel In the lower Robert Fnlton. plication of the intellectual and other social ties that unite nations, their polit ical relations Inevitably change, and for the better. Nothing Is doing more to ad vance the attainment of the cherished ideal of international amity than Is tho development of transportation. 62C. University of Pennsylvania. The Great Inland Empire. Spokane Spokesman-Review. In Spokane yesterday (the 21th). the thermometer rose to 100 In the shade, and for nearly a week the maximum has hov ered between P0 and 100 degrees. Thrice only In 20 years has the Inland Empire experienced such high temperature. Yet there has bean no distress. In ten thousand fields harvest crews are gath ering the great grain crop, and every where men go about their vocations In perfect safety. Children play In the bright sunshine, and invalids pass about SSKSS-L-H-iSE 5T?a SkdSSy ! m? a IVoVr 7., v--"--" ;" "" - water are now being constructed for op and state In the meantime we must , emt!on DetTmm coqullle and Mmio submit to having our lives endangered by . Polntt and lt haK been thought advisable Inexperienced men handling our draw- , to suspcnd operations until these steam bridges. In order that the manipulators ers hayg been completed berore making of Multnomah County Central Committee further Improvements, which may depend exercise their prerogative of rewarding upon the success and nature of the ex thelr favorites. W. H. G. poriment Captain Harts favors Ught- draft vessels for such streams as the Co- The men removed from these positions ' qullle. The funds now available will be had occupied them for several vears. and 1 expended In the line followed last year. other men. as good as they, wanted them. Under our system of politics and form of government there Is a belief that these things should be "passed round." The Oregonlan confesses that It is not quite in love with the system. But lt fears that if it should suggest Russian bureau- but no further appropriation will be asked for until the new boats have hid a trial. Thore yet remains $3212 to be ex pended, which will tako care of all pres ent needs. ..Coos Bay. The contract for building the north Jetty at the entrance of Coos Bay to the pro- cracy the only substitute or remedy It Posed height throughout Its entire length would make Itself odious. The fact is. j, f ? et was awarded to Wakefield & i,,. .- i ui.v , Jacobsen. of Portland, and the work Is here Is the point at which popular gov- cxpccted t0 bc done ,15o,ooo. Opera ernment falls. There never are places tlons were commenced late last Fall, the enough Jn the public service places where 1 contractors earning $G7,923 by the nd men can get good pay for little work of June. The Jetty has been raised to to satisfy tho wants of the people. We j tno desired height tor over axx reet in fear this will yet be the death of popular government In Its mineral productions there Is no country in the world the superior of Can ada. They Include coal, gold, silver, cop per. Iron, phosphates, salt antimony, min eral oils, asbestos, nickel,' mica and gypsum. addition to many repairs that were need ed. and much preliminary 'work that va3 required. Satisfactory progress has .been made by the contractors. The depths re ported are varying, but were satisfactory at the close of the year, being from IS to 22 feet at low tide In the channel. PORTLAND, Or., July 26. (To the Editor.) My Dear Mr. Cottell: I have noticed your letter to The Oregonlan. criticising the new rystem of dealing with gambling. It seems to me you are too critical, if wc understand this system alike. Briefly, as I understand lt, thc District Attorney, the Mayor, the Chief of Police, and necessarily the Municipal Judge, have entered Into an agreement with each other that the gamblers In this city shall be arrested once a month, and that they shall de posit certain sums agreed on for thc several games as ball, and that the gamblers not appearing, this ball Is to be forfeited by the Municipal Court and paid Into the City Treasury: that the defendants are not then to be arrested or tried on those charges, but are to go without molestation of their games until the succeeding month, when the whole process Is to be gone through with again. By this means it is hoped that gambling will produce a large revenue to the city. Now, what reasonable objection can you have to this plan? Let me show you that you have got the wrong bull by the horns. It is currently Intimated, with what truth I know not that a long lino of District Attorneys and their adherents have been receiving fron. the gamblers a private graft as a consideration for allowing certain games to run. Of course, no one will defend such a course. I am Indeed quite unwilling to believe these suspicions. However that may be, the people believed them, and have quite effectively Indicated their disap proval. But that private graft Is a vory different thing from this graft In favor of the general public. It is quite heinous, we all agree, for a public offi cer to make merchandise of his official duties for his own profit, but lt Is pat riotic to do the same thing for the profit of the respectable and overbur dened taxpayer. It Is plain to you. Is lt not that if the people reap the bene fit of the Illegal and corrupt arrange ment with the gamblers, and not the District Attorney or other officers, the people "have no kick coming"? Can't you see that the wrong heretofore sup posed to havo been committed by the officers was not in allowing the law to be violated for a consideration, but in keeping the consideration for them selves, instead of turning It over to the city? But you complain that this plan not only allows the gamblers to violate the law. but It compels the officers them selves to violate the law and their oaths of office. But that Is a trivial com plaint How do ynxi expect this revenue to be collected In any other way? There Is no law for this plan The law is all against lt The law says gambling must bo suppressed, and these officers must suppress It Now. if the law were obeyed, the games could not run, the gamblers could make no money, they could pay none- into the treasury, and hence the treasury would cease to be replenished from this source In the pres ent magnificent style. But I tell you that gambling cannot be suppressed. It Is a profitable business. The percentage is all Its way. It gets money from the clerk thnt ho ought to give to hi3 mother, from the business man that he ought to pay his bills with. It hurts legitimate business. But no District At torney or other officer can be elected who would try to suppress it Do you expect that men will Jeopard their po litical fortunes by performing the obli gations Imposed on them by the law of the land? Surely you will not be so unreasonable. Now, if gambling cannot b sup pressed, what arc we to do? Must we leave the gambler In possession of all Immigrants Demanded FInh. ST. JOHNS. N. F.. July 26. The Elder Dempster line steamer Montfort. Captain Jones, eight days out from Liverpool, for Montreal, arrived here today with 1100 immigrants on beard Icelanders. Danes, Poles and S'avs. On the passage, a riot was started by 5tt Icelanders, because they were not supplied with fish for food. This evening the Montfort resumed her voyage, after laying In a plentiful store of herring for the mutinous Immigrants. As they numbered 1100 ngalnst only to or tne crew available to resist them, and had menaced the officers with knives and had otherwise caused great trouble on board. Captain Jones felt compelled to comply with their demands. Dip: Wooden Schooner. WEST BAY CITY. Mich.. July 26. The schooner Pretoria, the largest wooden boat ever built, was launched at David son's shipyard this afternoon. The Preto ria will carry 5000 gross tons of iron ore. or 1S5.0C0 bushels of wheat She is 350 feet long. 45Vi feet beam and 27 feet deep. 1 president Remained Indoors. CANTON, O., July 26. President 31c Klnley spent the evening Indoors with a number of neighbors and friends. The number of callers was unusually large. Only they who use it know the luxury of it. Pears' is the purest and best toilet soap in all the world. CANNON BALL PILLS Big Balls of Poison Given as Medicine. ThonnandK Are SuiTcrlnff From Mer curial Pill-Poison Taken in Yontli Days of the Pill Are Past. Do you want health? Then keep your Doweis cieun ana your Sand binders had to be planted at the his Ill-gotten' gains? Under the law lt entrance of the bay to nrevent the dan- I Is robbery to rob a robber of his plun- geroua shifting of the shore sands, which J der. But there are moments when the j Hvor Hvl'! It has always been known that consti pation is the cause of nearly all disease, hut thA -rrav nt treatlnc lt has changed. The old way was to make up a sickening "black draught" or. still worse, an explo sive "shot-gun" cartridge of calomel, aloes, Jalap, gamboge, croton oil. blue lowed the dose, thrown the bowels into spasms and turned the liver inside out, he was settled for a few days frequently forever. .... The most dangerous "medicine" of all was the mercurial plll-polson which lodged In the blood and Joints, producing lifelong aches. Force is folly. If you have any regard for your well being. When It becomes necessary to stir up your liver and have a general internal cleaning up, take Cas carets Candy Cathartic, and produce nat ural action in a nice, gentle, quiet, posi tive way. Cascarets are up to date, antiseptic, taste good, never grip nor gripe, mild but effective. Buy and try Cascarets today. You'll find that it's what they do, not what we say they'll do, that proves their merit All druggists 10c. 25c. 50c or by mall for price. Send for booklet and free sample. Address the Sterling Remedy Co., Chi cago; Montreal, Can., or New York. This is the CASCARET TABLET. Every tablet of the only genulno Cascarets bears the magic letters "CCC" Look at the tablet beforo you buy, and beware of frauds, imitations and substitutes. Roomm. AtXSLIE. DR. GEORGE. PhrsIcIan....C08-C0 ALDRICH. S. W.. Gensrul Contractor 010 ANUEHSON. GUSTAV. Attorney-at-Law...813 ASSOCIATED PRESS: E. L. Powell. Mer-BO AUSTEIJ. F. C-. Manager for Oregon and 1ahtriKtorJ Bankers' Life Appreciation, of T Moines. la C02-SO3 BANKERS' LIFE ASSOCIATION. OF DE3 MOINES. IA.;F. C. Austen. Manacer..M2-803 BATNTUN. GEO. R.. Met. for Chas. Scrlb- ner's Sons Sl BEALS. EDWARD A.. Forecast Official TJ. S. Weather Bureau .....flit) BENJAMIN. R Vr.. Dentin 1U BINSTA'ANGER. DR. O. S.. Phya. A Sur.410-4U BROOKE. DR. J. 11.. Phys. & Sure 70S-709 BROWN. MYRA. M. D 313-314 BRUERE. DR G. E.. Phrlclan 412-413-414 BUSTEED. RICHARD. Agent Wltoon & Mc- Callay Tobacco Co C02-60S CAUKIN. O. E.. District Agent Traveler Insurance Co. ...713 CARDWELL. DR. J. R 508 CrTni.T.. W T. Special Acent Mutual Rerve Fund Life A'n 6 COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANY oot-cor-coo-r,o7-ni3-ei4-6i3 rORXF.LTTTS. C. W.. Phvi. and Surreon ...20(1 COVF.R. F. C P.-nh!er Equitable Life 300 COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher: S. P. McGutre. Manager 4I5-41S 1AT. J. C. g, T ?:. 311 JAVT?. NAPOLEON. President Columbia Telephone Co .....COT DICKSON. DR. I. F-. Phvslelan T13-71 PRAKFj DR H. B.. Phva'.clan 512-313-314 nWTKR. JOE. F.. Tobaccos 403 rniTOTtTAL RCOMS Eighth floor FQUITARLE LIFEAFFT'RANrE SOCIETY: L. Samuel. Manager: F. C. Cover. Cahler.308 FVENINO TELFGRM 325 Altler rtrt FENTON. J. D..Phrjtrlnn xnrt Sursenn. 500-510 FENTON. DR TlinCP C. Eve and Ear 311 FENTON. MXTTIIEWF.. Dentist 50 FIDELITY Ml'TtTAL LIFE ASSOCIATION: E. C. Stark. Manar 001 OALVANI. TV. H.. Engineer and Draughts man cot GAVIN. A.. Prestdent Orenon Camera Club. 214-213-210-217 GEARY. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and Surgeon 212-213 CEUIF PFB CO.. Ltd.. Fine Art Publish er: M. C. Mcdreevy. M?r .....313 GISY. A. J. Physician and Surgeon.. .700-710 GODDARD. E. C. ft rr.. Footwear Ground floor. 120 Sixth street GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan Life Insurance Co. of New York 200-211 GRANT. FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Law fil7 HAMMAM BATHS. King A Cornpton. ProFa-IM HAMMOND. A. B 3'. HOLL1STER. DR. O. C. Phya. & Fur. .504-503 IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law.. -ttG-.7-H JOHNSON. W. C 31C-31G-31: ICADY. MARK T.. Sup-rvlsor of Agontt Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n 01-30J LAMONT. JOHN. Vlce-Presldnt and Gen eral Manager Columbln Telephone Co OOt HTTLEFIF.LD. II. R.. Phys. and Sureeon..20 MACKUM. W. 5.. Sec. Orejron Camera Club.211 MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phys. and Surg. .711-712 MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg. 701-2-3 McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 713 McFADEN. MISS IDA E-. Stenographer 201 McGINN. HENRY E.. Attorney-at-Law.311-SJ3 McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturer Representa tlve 30J METT. HENRY 218 MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist and Oral Surgeon COS-COS MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 312-313-3X4 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New Tork: W Goldman. Manager. .. 200-210 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N: Mark T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents.. G04-C01 MeELROY. DR. J. G.. Phys. ft Sur.701-702-703 MeFARLAND. E. B.. Secretary Columbia Telephone Co tS0 McGUIRE. 8. P.. Manager P. F. Collier. Publisher - 413-4U McKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law 30tl MUTUAL LIFE INCURANCE CO.. of New York; Wm. 5. Fond. State Mgr.. 404-405-408 NICHOLAS. HORACE B . ttorney-at-Law.713 NILES. M. L.. Casnler Jlanhattan Life In surance Co.. of New York 209 OREGON INFIRM KY OF OSTEOPATHY: Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath 405-409 OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-215-21C-217 PATTERSON, PETER lOO POND, WM S-. State Manage Mutual Life Ina Co. of New York 4O4-I05-1O8 PORTLAND EYE AN DEAR INFIRMARY. Ground floor. 133 Sixth street PORTLAND MINING ft TRUST CO.; J. H. Marshall. Manager 31S QUIMBY. L. P. W.. Game and Forestry Warden 710-717 ROSENDALE. O. M.. Metallurgist and Min ing Engineer 515-518 REED ft MALCOLM. Opticians. 133 SIxat street REED. F C. FUh Commissioner... 407 JVYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Law .......417 SAMUEL. L-. Manager Equitable Life, ...308 SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.; H. F. Bushongr, Gen. Agent for Ore. and Wash ,.501 SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputr Supreme Com mander. K. O. T. M 317 SMITH.- Dr. L- B.. Osteopath 40S-I09 SONS OF THEAMERICAN REVOLUTTON.300 STARK. E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Phlla.. Pa C01 STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law 017-OtS STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-703 SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO 701 STROWBHIDGE. THOS. H.. Executive Spe cial Agent Mutual Life, of New York 4M SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE 201 TUCKER. DR. GEO. F.. Dentist G10-0U U. S. WEATHER BUREAU OO7-C0?-!0-010 U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST.. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A- S03 U. S ENGINEFR OFFICE. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A.. SIS WATERMAN. C H.. Cashier Mutual Ufa of New York. 408 retary Native Daughters ...71S-717 WHITE. MISS L. E.. Assistant Hecretary Oregon Camera Club 21 WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phya. & Sur.304-3 WILSON. DR. GEO. F.. Phya. & Surs. .700-707 WILSON. DR. HOLT C, Phyo. & Surg.5O7-30S WILSON ft McCALLAY TOBACCO CO.: Richard Busteed. Agent 002-003 WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician 412-413-414 WILLA'METTE VALLEY TELEPH. CQ...6U A fevr more elearnnt Nofflcea may n had by applying o Portland Trust Company of Oregon. lOO Third at.. o to the rent clerk in the tinlldlnc THIS BADGE Is an "emblem ot consideration" -and signifies the wear er's Intention to help tho Retail Clerks and merchants- to shorter hours by making all purchases beforo 6 P. M.