Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 23, 1900)
',vfr,Wr,ra5f ir-' 'rW- vvs? "V-. "TTW jrvf- ' " $ st" ' -- - -.. THE MOENTNG OBEGONIAifr, 'SlONDAT, JULY 23,'- 1900. POLITICAL . REVOLUTIONS THERE HATS BEEN BUT TWO IK HISTORY OP "UNITED STATES. First When Jefferson "Was Elect ed President, and the Second Came With Lincoln. It Is surprising -when on comes to tthink of It, that In this country of popu lar government there has "been so few reversals of the governmental policy. A writer In the Baltimore Herald has been looking the matter up and he presents the following Interesting statement re specting the changes In National policies since the organization of the Government: The uncertainties and vicissitudes of politics have long ago passed into a proverb. In this country we are always holding an election somewhere, for some thing or somebody. As we watch the result from year to year It -seems that there is nothing so unstable as the popu lar will. The favorite of last year is the despised and rejected of this. Next year he may stand- at the 'head of the poll. In 1892 President Cleveland won the most signal triumph achieved by any candi date of his party since Franklin Pierce's election Just 60 years before. Two years 'later, only 13 Democrats were elected to 'Congress in all of the old free states & smaller number, not only relatively but absolutely, than had sat In any Congress since the formation of the party 100 years before. In 1S92 the Democratic electoral ticket received the largest plurality in New Tork which had ever been given to that party in a Presidential contest. In 1B96 President McKlnley's majority was nearly six times as great as that of President Cleveland four years earlier. The very next year the Democratic can didate for Judge of the Court of Appeals was elected by a majority of many thousands. In 1S91 and 1892 it seemed that the Democratic party In Maryland was stronger than it had been at any time since the enfranchisement of the negroes. In 1E36 the Republicans carried the state by a majority -which, relatively to the total vote cast, would have been large even for Massachusetts. When It becomes possible to look back Into a long series of years It appears that most of the sudden reversals of po litical alignment are as temporary as they -were usually unanticipated. In deed, perhaps nowhere in the civilised world are great and permanent political revolutions so rare as In this country. It Is a common metaphor to speak of politics as a restless sea. The figure Is perhaps a good one. The ocean is ever changing, and yet, in essentials, is the most changeless of all the great natural features of the world. In spite of all the ups and downs of parties and leaders, it remains true that In 112 years there have been In this coun try only two decisive political revolu tionsthat of 1801 and that of 1S5L For the first 12 years after the adoption of the Constitution the Federalists ruled. Some times one or both Houses of Congress were in opposition, but the President was always a Federalist and no legislation dis tasteful to that party could get upon the statute books. From the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson to that of Abraham Lincoln, a period of precisely CO years, no party other than the Democratic was ever in a position to impose its policy upon the Nation. The Whig party had so much that was brilliant and attract ive about it; the gigantic Intellect of Its Webster. -the matchless charm and fire of Its Clay have so deeply Impressed themselves upon popular Imagination that few people realize that It never was in power. Once In the "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign of 1840 It swept the country In a blaze of enthusiasm. It secured not only the Presidency, but "both branches of the National Legislature as well. Unfortunately for it. President Har rison died within a month of his Inaug uration. It soon became evident that Ty ler, his successor, was not a Whig at all, although he had been In opposition to some of the Jacksonlan policies. When the Whig Congress met for the first time In extra session it found that the Presi dent would have none of the great Whig panacea--a National bank. He co-operated ia the abolition of "Van Buren's Inde pendent Treasury system, which the next Administration restored. After one veto, a tariff act upon which Congress and the President would agree was passed, only to be repealed a few years later. The breach between him and his party was complete and. In the second half of his term, the House of Representatives be came heavily Democratic Eight years after 1840, the Whigs again elected a President "Old Rough and Ready," Zach- ary Taylor, the hero of Buena Vista, To accomplish this feat, they were driven to the expedient of adopting no platform at all, so that their hopeless Inability to agree upon any definite policy could be Ignored If not concealed. Even then they would not have won had not the Demo cratic faction fight in New Tork sent one half of the Democratic voters of that de cisive state to the support of Van Buren and Adams, the Free Soil candidates. President Tavlor and, after his death. President Fillmore had to face during their entire terms a Congress Democratic In each branch. It Is therefore absolute ly true that from 1801 to 1851 no other than the Democratic partry ever had the chance to give legislative effect to Its policy. -Since 1861. with one brief and uncertain exception, the Republican party has been the only one which has had the power to change its wishes Into the laws of the land. From President Lincoln's inaugu ration until 1875 that party had complete control. It Is true that President John son soon quarreled with the party which elected him. but, as it had during all his term upwards of two-thirds majority in each Hoyse of Congress, it was able. In spite of his numerous vetoes, to pas's such laws as It desired. The panic of 1873 and the Increasing appreciation In the North of the true nature of the carpet bag governments In the South broucht about the Democratic tidal wave of 1874. and the next year there met the -first Democratic House of Representatives which Washington had seen since 1859. From March 4. 1875, to March 4. 189?. a period of 18 years, there were only four years In which anv partisan legislation could be enacted. From 1S73 to 1879. from 18S3 to 1885 and from 1831 to 1893 the House was Democratic and the Senate and President Republican. From 1K79 to 18S1 both House and Senate were Demo cratic and the President Republican. From 1SS5 to 1SS9 the President and the House were Democratic and the Senate Republican. Each of two Republican Congresses, that from 18S1 to 1883 and that from 18S9 to 1891. passed a tariff act known as the tariff act of 1883 and the McKlnley tariff respectively. The ear lier Congress passed the civil service law still on the statute books. The most permanent work of the later Republican Congress, the first one over which Thom as B. Reed presided as Speaker, was the adoption of the so-called Reed rules and the practical annihilation of filibustering, which for 20 years before had been so grat and so growing an evil. The great Democratic victories of 1890 and 1892 were so decisive that, when President Cleveland was for the second time inaugurated, it was known that both Senate and House would contain a Dem ocratic majorltv. Before Congress met, the panic of 1893 came. When, in re sponse to the President's call. Congress came together in the extra session. It was evident that of partv unity and discipline there was and would be none. The Presi dent knew that the Sherman silver-purchase act ought to be repealed. The un biased judgment of his party's Repre sentatives and Senators was opposed to him. His term was just beginning. He had great Influence; it was all exerted to overcome opposition. Finally, after a struggle prolonged over months, he won. but only because the majority of the Republicans came to his support. At the regular session which followed, the party again dlvfded on the tariff ques tion," and the President was so much opposed to the act which passed Congress that not only would he cot put his name to It, but he described the policy which led to Its adoption as one of "perfidy and dishonor." The election of 1894 made the new House of Representatives Republican, and It has since so remained. From March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1S90, the Senate was. as Speaker Reed is said to have described It, decidedly "miscellaneous." The bal ance of power In It was held by a num ber of Senators from the far West, who had been Republicans, and who, on some subjects, such as the tariff, were still Republicans, but with whom the free coinage of sliver at the ratio of 16 to 1 was and is the paramount issue. The Republican -victories -of the elections of 1897 and 1S9S have again made the Sen ate Republican, although by a margin which may, if Mr. Bryan is successful, be wiped out. In the meanwhile, however. President McKlnley has the distinction of being the first President since General Grant's first term to have in the second half of his Administration a Congress, both branches of which are in political accord with himself. The Wilson tariff act of 1834 was soon replaced by the Dlngley law of 1S57U thus revoking the only one permanent result of the brief .Democratic tenure of power from 1893 to 1835. The Federal election laws were repealed and they are not like ly to be ro-enacted. The Republicans voted against their repeal, but, though they -have since had the power, they have shown no inclination to revise them. The framers of our Constitution by their system of checks and balances in tended to prevent sudden and revolution ary changes of policy. In this, history shows that they succeeded. Indeed, had there been no secession of the Cotton States, the second of the two revolutions we have discussed would probably never have taken place. President Lincoln, but for the voluntary withdrawal 'of the Senators and Representatives from the 11 seceding states, would have found him self faced by a Congress hostile in one or both branches. Unable to do much to carry out the policies of his party, the usual reaction would probably have taken place, and at the end of his term be might have been succeeded by a Demo crat The mistake made at the Charles ton convention of I860, when the Demo cratic party split as to the duty of the Federal Government to protect slavery in the territories and the subsequent seces sion of the Cotton States threw away that control for the legislation of the coun try which the party had exercised for three score years. For 40 years now, that power then and thus surrendered, .has been, held by the Republicans. One of the reasons why the Whig party always failed to oust Its Democratic rival was, that being the party of opposition, they were always tempted to avoid any careful and precise definition of Its political alms. In the hope thereby of getting the support of every possible element opposed to the party In power. Such a plan Is a very good one upon which to win an election. It is a 'very bad one f the party expects to hold for any length of time power thus gained. When charged with the responsibilities of office the hopeless and Inourable divi sions of opinion In the Whig party mani fested themselves. To a very considera ble extent the Democratic party has for the last 40 years suffered from the same tendency. For example, in 1892 there were thousands of votes cast for Its candidates in the East by those who felt that the Republicans, in the passage of the Sher man act, had gone too far towards plac ing the country upon a sliver basis. On the other hand, in the Western states hundreds of thousands of votes were thrown against' President HarrlBOn be cause they thought he had not done enough for silver. When the Democratic party came into power and the financial crisis followed, It became necessary to do one thing or the other with reference to the Sherman silver act, and at once it was shown that the party as a party was hopelessly divided. If Mr. Bryan should be elected next November, one of two things will happen; either he will get control of both houses of Congress, or he will not. In the lat ter case, he will be able, as the history of the country shows, to do very little for his party. Its policies or the country. In view of the peculiar nature of the sliver issue, the people will neceesarily suffer from the doubt and uncertainty which will exist as to whether or not he will be able to put the country on a silver basis. If, as appears more probable, in. the event of his election, a House and Senate sub ject to his control are chosen, then the country will be face to face with the third great and revolutionary change In Its policy. There can be no question as to how serious to every material Interest of the country such a revolution would be. Two Points of View. Senator Hoar to Ervlng Wlnslow. 1 will not debate with you," Senator Hoar continues, "the question whether I am right or wrong. I expect to debate the question In due time. If you think you can best help the cause of liberty and true Republicanism by voting for the men who are for the free coinage of sil ver at 16 to L by voting for men who are refusing 10.000,000 American citizens suf frage at home, for overthrowing the inde pendence of- the Supreme Court and for destroying the safeguards of property and American labor, very well. Go your way and do your duty as you see It. "I shall do mine asl see If. and I think I can best do It by speaking as a Republi can to Republicans; by keeping my right to speak as counsellor and associate of the men who have wrought everything that has ben wrought for liberty In this country since the treaty of peace in 1783, and not as the associate or through the instrumentalities of the party or men who have been ranged for CO years on the side of despotism and oppression of dis honor and of low wages. ''I agree that I am responsible for my own conduct, and thai is a responsibility which no other man can share. If I have done wrong, or do wrong hereafter, I cannot Justify myself by other men's cer tificates. But when you impute to mo a low and base personal motive in what I have said and done, and in what I purpose to jdo, I have a right to appeal to the fact that when I had said and done the same things, and when you knew well that I purposed to do'the same things, you and the leaders of the Antl-Imperiallsta throughout the country expressed your extravagant praise of my attitude, al though you differed from me In the mat ter of my purpose to support President McKlnley.- You propose to do evil that good may come. I do not." Success of theNew Cnrrencr Law. Chicago Tribune. Controller Dawes' report of the opera tion of the new currency law for the first four months that it has been on the statute books shows that 234 National banks have been Incorporated, with a cap ital of 112,045.000. The applications from banks that wish to Issue circulation num ber 409, with a total capital of $13,872,000. The Controller points to the fact that 314, or 73 per cent, of the applications are those of banks with a capital of less than JW.OOO each, which is proof that the new law is of advantage in the" extension of banking facilities to the smaller towns. Banks with a capital of leas than $50,000 can be organized only In towns- with a population of less than 6000. Many of these towns had no banking fa cilities whatever before the new law wont Into effect. It Is needless to point out the value of a bank to such a community. The new law has justified every expecta tion of those who urged its passage. The Rights of Man League at its annual meeting in Paris the other day resolved . on presenting a medal to M. Brlsson as the author of the Dreyfus revision. THE .ORIENTAL CRISIS LOCAL JAPANESE WRITES OP "FAR, EASTERN POLICY." "Some JOay China Will Rise io Re store the Nation" Japan's Great Interest in Asiatic Races. PORTLAND, July IS. (To the Editor.) Permit me space for a reply to the opin ion concerning the motive and policy of Japan, la "The Oriental Crisis," by an "Ex-Attache," transcribed In The Morn ing Oregonlan of June 27. Since the word "Boxer" flashed like lightning from the ominously dark atmos phere of the far East, and the Chinese Empire monopolized the attention of the whole world, throwing all other questions of moment into shade magazines and pa pers have been literally "filled up" with views and opinions from able pens and men of prominent positions and renown. Most of those already exponded seem to acknowledge the appalling enormity of the problem presented to the world to be solved, though some cannot escape in curring the blame for being too ready in taking a pessimistic view of haman af fairs and events; and some have ventured to predict the outcome. A few went even far to prophesy the future of the far East. Indeed, It needs a sight of a great statesmanship to foresee outcome of an event that involves nations. It takes a divine Inspiration to prophesy fate of a nation. What mortal would have dared to prophecy the present state of this great American Republic only a century ago? Who could have foreseen that tho United States would be compelled to ex ert her energy and strength m subjugat ing the Malays, as the outcome of the complication with Spain over Cuba, only a couple of years ago? Tho Ruler of the Universe alone knew them! Only a thorough knowledge of nature and character of a people, from moral, ethical and historical standpoints, at least, justifies one to be an authority on problems concerning them. Opinion of any person, that lacks such degree of knowledge, we must let It suffer the fato of a mere ''guess," If not of a groundless jargon. And, unfortunately, people are not nowadays a bit reserved or modest as to refrain from unnecessarily taxing the reading society wjth hosts of so called opinions, or -views, or studies that unhappily belong to .this category. Amidst a regular tumult of opinions and views from men of political, military and religious standing, an able treatment of the present crisis that threw some light upon the question, ha raised Its author itative voice. The author Is said to be an "ex-Attache" of a Legation In the far East, and the position he occupied itself adds much In commanding our at- U--HLIU11 ana uuo perusal oi ms treatment. He has not only led us far Into the heart of the Celestial society, initiating us Into the secret of tho present crisis, but dared take us up to the dizzy peak of prophecy. But whether the gentleman is Justified ia making such a bold attempt, we are led to question. Whether tho gentleman has not gone a little beyond his proper field will be of some worth to examine. I do not here pretend to question tho correctness or thoroughness of the "ex attache's" observation concerning the Chinese Empire and the "Boxers." But when it comes to the question concerning the future of China or of the far East and especially the motive and policy, or probable action, of Japan I regret to state that I cannot help but to question the authority and correctness of the .gentle man's opinion, if I do not consider it ridiculous" and an opinion founded not upon facts or logically deduced from them, but rather a fantasmal ghost of the gentleman's suspicion and overlap prehension. Different from the conducts of Russia or some of the European powers, Japan has so far never been dishonest or treach erous In her International dealings; and this statement does not need to be de fended. The history of the past 40 years stands as witness. The annals of 10 cen turies of her dealings with the other Asiatic Nations confirm it. The upright National character of this Island empire has never yet been stained. It Is true, the past, however glorious and worthy, Is but a subject of so-called National pride, and does not help to pro mote tho future Interests of humanity, nor assure equally glorious or worthy conducts In future. But we must not for get the maxim, "Past is the best prophet of tho future." Let us now come back to the present and consider seriously the probable future action of Japan and her motives concerning China, not from a mere fantasy pr imagination, born of blind suspicion and apprehension, but weighing facts carefully and fair-mindedly. The gentleman boldly declares: "Japan Is not only a non-Christian and thorough ly Asiatic nation. Imbued with the hatred for the white man, common to all yellow races," etc If such statement were made concern ing the Japan of 30 or 40 years ago. no one would have questioned it. But it is more than surprising to find a gentleman, especially when he pretends to know something of the Asiatic characters and the far Eastern affairs, attempting to drag that nation, which has a brilliant history of unparalleled progress and de velopment, down to the level of the Turkish or Chinese nation In his esti mation. I feel that the gentleman has failed to do Justice to this Island nation. If he had not meant so. Certainly, it is far from denying that Japan Is a thor ough Asiatic nation, from ley northern end to the tropical south. But from this nothing can be inferred or deduced that justifies the gentleman in treating her with suspicion. Hatred Is generally. If not always, born of Ignorance or misun derstanding, at least of the character, motive and state of another. Are the average Japanese so utterly ignorant of the Western civilization as to keep up flro on the altar of the Goddess of Hatred against the white race? Hatred Is an as pect of a weak mind. Of caueo I should not be understood to assert that there are no fanatics or demagogues, who are rather to be pitied for their Ignorance and narrowness as to think it patriot Ism to praise nothing but what pertain to their own country or race; or that the average Japanese arc equally disposed towards the white race as towards thejr own yellow brethren. Unfortunately, there are Tet some In every country and community, whose minds are so narrow and dwarfed that they cannot see much beyond the landmarks of their own so ciety, or can see beauty but in the color of their -own race. And more unfortun ately, and as a painful truth, the human society has not yet quite advanced and ("developed to that stage where, throwing an tne visiDie cunerences aside, we can stand oil the same common level, embrac ing each other in brotherly love. Such can be only when this earth will Tejoice in realizing the grand vision of Isaiah. It la true, in some sens&,t tho landmarks between nations have been greatly de faced; but It must be also acknowledged that this very tendency is operating as a strong force and motive In uniting and concentrating not all the races under one fold, but Individual races against one an other. So the movements are becoming larger and of greater consequence. Con tentions between nations are giving way to struggles between races. The hither to greedy strife of territorial aggression Is changing Into a more serious struggle to preserve species, or racja. The da. of material realization on earth of the earn est prayer of man, "Thy kingdom come, peace on earth, and good will to men." will come only when this strong tendency of Individual racial concentration de velops Into a grand force of uniting all ,the cons of God on earth. Till then, to him who dream that a .member of a race will or ought to be equally disposed .to ward a member of another race, that differs In character, custom and blood, as toward his own, the present relations and dispositions of races toward each other can be but a disappointment. The Creator endowed man. nay. the whole of his creation, with -a peculiar instinct to f lovo tnose that are nearer to mm, more than those that are distantly related or with 'whom he has nothing' in common at all. But can this be called, with any propriety, "hatred" for the latter? HaSL love for one thing nepessarlly to carry hatred against another? It is an undeniable fact that Japan de sires and will undertake with all her might and energy, development of the Asiatic races to whoiji she Is geographic ally and historically related, and of which she is one and a partand,! indeed, with whom, in some senso. she has Interests and fate In common, before she thinks of the interests of any other race. Is this an unnatural lncllnatlbn? Is this a dam nable ambition? A 'hatred" for the white races? The Japanese. Nation Fets the development of the Aslatio races, and of cause. In effect, 'of humanity at large, as her chief aim and mission, and has constantly been and win struggle to ac complish it; and not. fc mere "grandeur of her National career. If, by that term the gentleman meant the grandeur of Rome or Macedonia?' This sensitive na tion Is well aware that this is not, nor in future will be, an age "to dream of such a grandeur that costs the human blood and liberty tod dearly, but which has to fade quietly in" the eve. Will this" sagacious nation blindly struggle onward to prepare for a young Scipio to wall over the tragical scene of a Carthage? It -has to be admitted that Japan is not one of the so-called Christian Nations, If la which is not to bo embraced a nation whose predominating' thoughts are sub stantiality of Christian character and, whose actions are influenced by noble principles of Christian ethics and moral ity. I am at a loss tc find t any fact or authority that Justifies the "Ex-Attache" in bursting out in a fit and declaring In a most assured manner; "tho Idea of Japan Is to secure differential duties In her favor in such a way as to close the Chinese market to all foreign nations, and to drill the Chinese army so as to become a weapon fpr tho furtherance of her dreams of grandeur," and then, with suspicious eyes, questioning the in tegrity of Japan, whether she would not turn -the Celestial 'Empire against all Western and Christian' powers; thus to intensify the so-called Yellow Peril. The latter is indeed an .Inevitable deduction from the former. But I doubt if the gentleman can escape, the fate of holding himself out In a ridlcplous light of draw ing right conclusioa from, an erroneous premise. Where has he fqund facts to rest the former statement on? To nurse a doubt, whether this nation, that has a glorious history of 40 years -of heroic and wonderful struggles in developing her self, and is now struggling to civilize the Formosians and the Coreans, would not turn her neighbor,1 an enemy to civili zation and human welfare, is to Ignore every rule that governs -human motives and conducts. But, supposing such a thing possible, nay, probable, will all the Western powers sit down in ease and watch with Indifference Japan committing such a great crime against humanity and civilization? Will other powers let Japan have her own way as she pleases with China? A more absurd fantasy can not enter into a roan's head I But, though I trust it la not so, if the gentleman nurse the .same- ghost of fear, as Emperor William? of a Yellow Peril in the sense that the Celestial Empire, with her 400,000,000 and one-third of the Asiatic continent, -vjith its yet unex plored and undeveloped resources, would become a menace to tfte Western powers, if she be roused and blessed with the life of civilization. X must admit Japan will not hesitate to give the blessing of liberty and civilization to the 400,000,000 of human souls becauae. of It.. Truth is not harmful. Real liberty is not a bane. If real liberty and civilization are in danger of becoming a Yellow Peril to the Euro pean powers, I suspect there must bo something fundamentally wrong In their dealings with China or other Asiatic na tions. If this suspicion proves true, yel low race, when enlightened, may, aye, will become a terrible Yellow Peril! "Strength rules till reason comes." But when Strength becomes a handmaid of Reason, what on the earth would dare oppose the alliance? Doubtlessly and Inevitably china will come, sooner or later, to consciousness aye, she Is conscious even now, though bigoted and mistaken In taking proper steps, of her dotage, and- at the same time of the advantages' taken over her present helpless condition by the West ern powers. Some day in future, she will rise to defend her honor 'and restore her national Integrity, laying aside that ridiculous notion of 'Celestial nation." Leaving aside the question, whether the yellow race would, become a dangerous peril to the Western civilization, or China would ever again rise to the state of her old glory (for I have not meant here to enter into such discussion, as It Is a great and complicated problem, that is rather a fit subject" of a more careful study and extended1 treatment), I shall conclude this reply wjth regret that a gen tleman such as profess to be well versed with characters of the Oriental nations and affairs, should utter a statement that resembles a childish dream and really not worthy of a comment. However, let me add a few more words, lest I might bo guilty of doing an injustice to the gentle man by misleading the public to suppose the gentleman as unworthy of conversing on the far Eastern affairs. His opinion concerning the motive and policy, or the probable action of ,Japan in future, Is not altogether without some foundation. I believe, it has been a speculation based upon the past conducts and policies of tho Western powers, especially of Russia. It Is not the question of siding with Japan or Russia against which the cau tious "Ex-Attacho" warns the other na tions, but the main struggle will be be tween liberal Idea and centralization, be tween the open-door policy and tho greedy territorial aggression; nay, tho ultimate will be civilization and liberty against barbarity and tyranny. This struggle has been and ever will be the main strife on earth", as long a3 human race continues. Upon the battlefield of thls'nature, I hope, there will not be any feeling or question of differences in nationalities or raoes, religions or colors. Lret there be no block of suspicion or in sincerity to Impede, tho way In uniting the strength and energies of all those that hasten to enlist under the flag of liberty and , civilization the flag under which there shines- a hope of uniting some day all human races In peace and brotherhood; under "which flag there is yet a hope of realizing the fulfillment of that ever-cherished wish of best minds, that grand prophecy of Isaiah: "And they -shall beat their swords Into plow shares, and their spears Into pruning hooks; nation shall YiOt lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more." P. Y. MATSUOKA. THROUGH TO. CHICAGO OUT CHANGE. WITH It's a pleasure to travel-In first-class cars. The newly equipped Chicago-Portland Special, leaving Portland every morning at 9:15, carries the latest Im proved parlor, dining, sleeping and chair cars. The train is, wide - vestlbuled throughout, thus making- a suite of rooms of the various cars, 'rivaling the best to be obtained in the .first-class hotels. The observation portion of the parlor car Is particularly worthy of mention, with Its large plateglaes windows and comfortable lounging chairs. This train runs through to Chicago without change, and? passengers may make themselves at home, feeling satis fied that there will be no, change of cars before their destination Is reached. For rates and further Information, call at City Ticket Office, 8$ Third street, corner Oak. Dr. Francis Preston Venable, the new president of. the University .of North Caro lina, was formerly pfof essqr of chemistry in that institution, and. Is the author of several well-known technical works. NO MORE DREAD OF THE DENTAL CHAIR I 1 Hobs W W With Offices at Fourth and Morrison Sts. se.iy.Maws COMPETENT DENTISTS to do your dental work. BEST MATERIALS to make the work last. MODERATE PRICES. That it may be in reach of all is the motto and password at the New York Dental Parlors. No wonder the private dentists are all idle and taking vacations, while the offices of the New York Dental Par lors are crowded from morning until night with people eager to have their teeth extracted absolutely without pain. It Is a new method in this country, but long tried successfully In all our offices, which accounts for our wonderful success. We know no failures in dental work, but guarantee all work for ten years. Specialists who are world renowned will wait on you, Each an expert In his special branch. All materials are bought direct from the manufacturers, thus we are enabled to give better work at a much lower price than private dentists. Practice makes perfect. "Judge for yourself." The NEW YORK DENTAL PARLORS are conveniently and elaborately arranged with PRIVATE OPERATING ROOMS for each patient, with all modern appliances, and being the only DENTAL PARLORS in Portland who receive all dental supplies direct from the MANUFACTURERS, which fact enables us to carry a SUPERIOR QUALITY, and give our patrons a MODERATE PRICE on all work done bv us. In'our GOLD CROWNS and BRIDGE WORK, of which we are making a SPECIALTY, the most BEAUTIFUL. PAINLESS and DURABLE of all dental work known, to the profession, you will find an example of the HIGHEST ARTISTIC ATTAINMENT, the adaptability of which to the HYGIENIC conditions of the mouth Is unquestioned. If you are troubled with nervousness or heart trouble, be sure and call upon us. You will have no fainting spells, no bad after-effects. Nowhere on earth Is the subject of dentistry so thoroughly understood an,d so much care experienced as by the directors of this magnificently appointed dental office. TEETH EXTRACTED WITHOUT PAIN Teeth extracted and filled absolutely without pain by our late scientific method. No sleep-producing agents or cocaine. These are the only dental parlors In Portland that have the patent appliances and ingred.ents to extract, fill and apply gold crowns and porcelain crowns, undetectable from natural teeth and warranted for ten years, with out the least particle of pain. Gold crowns and teeth without plates, gold fillings and all other dental -work done painlessly and by specialists. Our prices are the lowest consistent with first-class work. We do not try to compete with CHEAP dental work. Set of Teeth Gold Filling Best Teeth, S. S.-W. Gold Crown Silver Filling We are making a specialty of gold crown and bridge work. Our name alone will be a guarantee that your work wllKbe of. the best. We have a specialist in each department. Best operators, best gold workmen and extractors of teeth: In fact, all the staff are Inventors of modern dentistry. We will tell you In advance exactly -vhat your work will cost by a free examination. Give us a call, and you will find we exactly as we advertise. A PROTECTIVE GUARANTEE given with all work for ten years. Ladles Always NEW YORK DE1NTAL eeeseio9oi0tiees0tt8o9a9etoeeeee96eoecoooocetteeot(oaeO4 THE CITY OF TIEN TSIN WHAT THE PLACE "WE READ SO MUCH ABOUT IS LIKE. A Busy .Port, Cat Off From Naviga tion by Ice for Four Months of the Year. Tien Tsin is the commercial capital of Northern China, the Port of Pekln. and the great exchargo and mart of Mongolia and Tartary proper, writes H. W. Lawsdn In the London pally Telegraph. Situate on the flat, alluvial plain that runs up from the mudbanks of the coast to the foothills of the Mongolian plateau, there la nothing In the site or plan of the na tive city to distinguish It from any other collection of squat, tile-roofed ramshackle buildings intersected with filth-laden ditches to ba seen, with slight variations for soil and climate, from one end of China to the other. The ferocity and turbulence of the Tien. Tain mob have been notorious since the lamentable mas sacre of 1870, which began with the mur der of the French Consul and his wife, and culminated in unspeakable outrages upon the wretched Sisters of the religious orders. Unfortunately, those were the days of Imperial forgetfulness, and but little was done to bring the responsible authors and abettors of the crime to ac count. It was about the time when the Foreign Office is said to have remonstrated with pur Minister in China because no dis patch had been received for six months on any single subject. "Write anything you like, but write something." was the di rection given. A waterside population In China, as else where, embraces the roughest classes of the community, and the character of the people Is not improved by the presence of the great army of yamen runners and parasites, the small fry of the official world, who hang on to the Viceregal Ya men of Chi Li. of which Tien Tsin Is the seat of government. The city is said, according to the rough tests of calcula tion which serve for .the Chinese census, to contain over 1,000,000 Inhabitants. Packed and compressed into the stone boxes that serve for houses, It Is impossible for a stranger to make any estimate of the numbers of those who dwell in them; but ea one passes through tho foul and nar row streets and slimy alleys, they seem literally to swarm and fester with coolies, beggars and parti-colored soldiers. Like all other Chinese cities, Tien Tsin has Its miles of encircling walls, with the Inevit able four gates and the regular succession of towers and bastions. Strongly built of mud. with "a. facing of gray stone, these walls may have served their purpose against bows and arrows In the days of chronic rebellion and civil tumult, but they will prove useless to resist the small est gun of a modern armament. The railway to Pekin. although con fltructed according to English plans and under English direction, belongs to the Chinese, and Is miserably managed, so far as its finance, goes, by Chinese officials of the normal type, corrupt, wrong-headed and full of self-importance. In the trains which run to Pekin the only carriage de cently sweet or clean Is that of the Im perial Maritime Customs, In which Eu ropeans are usually allowed to travel. The railway station at Tien Tsin Is not in the European settlement, but lies on tho further side of the great wooden pontoon bridge, which separates It from the native quarters. In the attack made by tho Boxers the other day on the Rus sian force. It seems that the river formed the dividing line between the two, and it must have been in the attempt to cross the bridge that the Chinese marauders lost so heavily. The European settlement is second to none In China in the breadth nnd cleanliness of Its streets, and In the solidity and comfort of Its houses. Like all the other "Bunds." It Is an "lmperfum In imperio," with Its own municipal ar THE WORLD-RENOWNED f IllCii Portland, Or.; San Francisco, Ca!.; Teeth We Guarantee a Fit or No Pay. Have your teeth out in the morning and go home with new ones the same day. $5.00 $1 .00 $8.00 $5.00 50 In Attendance. Hours 8 to 8; rangements and Its own police. In no part of the empire Is local government better understood" or administered than, in these so-called concesslors of Chinese ter ritory. Each has its own City Council, with officers and staff, regularly appointed and adequately paid, on the exact model of an English municipal borough of tht first clas3. In fact, a Town Clerk of Birmingham would find himseld perfectly at homo In the Town Hall of far-away European China. Tho severity of the climate, which cuts off Tien Tsin from the sea for four months of the jear, has made the merchants put heavier weight of stone into the construc tion of their houses oero than further south, and the general appearance resem bles nothing so much as an important Scotch town, even In the character of Its architecture, which the great Scotch firms who farm out the far East have brought with them from their native land. The police force Is composed of Sikhs and Pathans the "black devils" the Chinese call them who look funny enough In the thick blue clothing and white woolen glpves of a London "bobby," but do their work to perfection. It will be a shocking catastrophe In the East, quite apart from the horrid probability of massacre and outrage. If the Boxers, or their protectors, the Chinese soldiery, are able to lay their hands on this admirable oats of Western civilization, which strikes the eye so curi ously In the midst of the decadent cor ruption of the Manchus. Tien Tsin trades In all the products of the northern prov inces and of Mongolia, and a prominent feature In the streets of the Chinese city is the fur and skin shop, which supplies tho natives with every sort of coat, from costly sable, sewn and put together from 100 scraps and pieces, to the humble sheepskin for coolie wear. The Tartar travels with his family and his followers. Wives ride straddle-legged and children In baskets are mounted on camel back, and only the actual leaders go afoot, with the long string of their charges following in single file, tied to gether in line. Warmly clad In heavy wadded underclothes, topped by enormous sheepskins, their heads covered with long cared fur caps. In addition to which they put on fur ear-bags, and on their legs "Mongol socks," that is, soft, high boots of sheepskin, under felt overshoes, thick ly studded with Iron nails, these people look to tho life the Tartar of the chil dren's book of types. Beyond Kalgan the plateau rises to an elevation of 4000 feet, and tho ley blast that sweeps across It cuts into the skin and pierces through the stoutest cloth. The Tartar differs con siderably from the Chinaman, or even from his kinsman, the Manchu. in the ruddy yellow of his face and the pleasant frankness of his glance. He seems to fa vor bright colors, and on the top of his fur hood he often sticks the gold-buttoned cap of. Chinese official rank, while his women's- jackets are of yellow and scar let, as well as of Chinese blue. Mongolia Is the great stud farm of the empire, and droves of ponies are thence brought down to Tien Tsin and the north ern ports, to be shipped to the settlements of the south or sold for commercial pur poses to the Chinese merchant. Just out. side the north gate of Pekin is a large market where these ponies griffins they are called are sold by auction, as they come to hand from their Tartar breeders. In shape and make they are not attrac tive to the Western eye, and they look, as they are. coarse and underbred. Their heads, in particular, are square and clum sy, but they have great qualities of stur dlness and hard condition, and It is found In practice that their legs will stand any amount of rattling over the hard ground and the stony roads. It is almost need loss to say that they are wonderfully sure of foot and clever In avoiding the holes and drops of a "trappy" country. In and near the capital 20 or 30 taels go, a long way toward buying the be3t that are brought to the hammer, and their keep does not come to more than about five China dollars a month. All they have for food Is chopped straw and mlllot, with plenty of hot water, making up a sort of gruel, which they eat at odd times by night and day. Their natural pace, agree able to the Chinese taste, is a slow Jog e0ttt Seattle, Wash. . et gg-QQ NO PLATES it Sunday 10 to 4. PARLORS trot, but under European hands they soor learn to gall6p at a respectable rate. UnJ luckily, the breaking is of the roughest! their mouths are as hard as iron, and acl customea to be tight held by the head the reins must be taken short to makl them go at all. Moreover, 'when owned bi Chinamen they are ill-kempt and scraggy! almost mangy In their coats. Nothing ij uone to Improve the stamp, and. unllki the native princes of India, the high offll clals do nothing to help the farmers and carriers by introducing better strains o blood. Labor In China arles In its efficiency according to place, and, curiously unllki Europe, seems to vary inversely, wltl the temperatures of the climate. At Tier Tsin and the northern porta it takes muca longer to load and unload cargo than al the ports of Yangtse, and the husbandi of the soil shows less care In the north! ern provinces than it does lower doT In fact, the northerners seem Inclined to hibernate, and allow the rigor of thf Winter to unman them instead of spur ring them to activity. Still, after watchl ing gangs of coolies working in manj places, it may safely be asserted thai the average zest and genuineness of theli labor are superior to those of any natlor with, perhaps, the exception of our ov From this it does not follow that th Chinaman, like the London "docker," doe not know how to play "ca canny" whei he choose. I had the experience of be Ing aboard one of the last of the Chim merchants' steimships to leave Tongkt before the Pei Ho was closed by Ice t water traffic, and the coolies employe happened to be in receipt of monthly wages. It was neither their object noi their desire to shut down for the Wintei too quickly, so they resolved to take ful time and something more in getting th cargo aboard, both from the wharf anfi at Tongku, and outside the Taku bar frot lighters. It chanced that this cargo mainly conl slsted of peanuts for Canton packed It matted bags of the roughest make. Eact bag was passed to the comprador's clerk! who stuck a tally into the sacK. and il was then hooked on by a row of coolies into the ship's hold. Not only was Ij possible to make all this a very slot process, but the lingering could be turned to a practical purpose. The hook. If Judij clously Inserted, caused a constant strear of peanuts to fall out, and these werd Instantly stored In handkerchlels anq taken as "pcrk3" by the hungry work men. It may be Imagined how easily 24 hours were consumed In this pleasant pasl time. When, however, it 13 a questlor of piecework, either directly or indirectly through the labor contractor or gang master, who olavs so large a part in th Industrial organization of the Celestia Empire, the hours are miraculously short pnort unit the shios seldom exhaust th given time In port before they are read to go to sea or up-river, a3 tne case mt be. m A Losing Exposition. Chicago Tribune. Expositions are costly playthings. Tha Paris exnosltion attendance thus far ha not exceeded an average of 150,000 a day It has been estimated that to make it financial success would require a total atl tendance of 60.000.000 paid visitors, or ar average of over 300,000 a day. nearlj double the attendance at the expositlor of 18S9. when the admissions numbered 32,351.111- The showing thus far Indicated a large deficit at the close, and the clos lng of 32 enterprises of the Midway kinc already Is a straw showing which waj the wind blows. Even if there were no! other causes for the failure attaching tc the conduct of Paris during the prellmj Inarles of the exnosltion. a war year la poor year for shows. The tragic oxhlbl-j tions In South Africa and China have dlj verted public attention from Paris. The Parisians, however, wished to be enterj tained, and they have been. Having danced, they must now pay the piper. e A Singular Error "Haw-haw!" laughe the Chicago man. as he read the bill oi fare "You Easterners make some queea mistakes. You've got croquettes undei the head of entries. Out West croquett la a game." Harlem Life.