10
THE MOKaiSd ?UKECrQyiAJS IUULA, , JUiriT 13, 1900.
100 YEARS' ADVANCE
(.Copyright. 1000, by
THE OREGONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE:
COMPARATIVE STUDIES
OF TWO CENTURIES
BT HON. FRANK A. VANDERLIP.
V.
The early years of this century gave no
feint, save to the most prophetic, . of the
mechanical prodigies soon to transform
tho world. The mariner, -who -waited on
tides and -winds, and took reckless
chances in the lottery of storms, -was
still the most progressive and venture
some of men. In America, the more alert
of the few newspapers of 1S00 were en
abled through co-operation of the fleet
est packets to announce as special fea
tures the publication of European news
"only 60 days old." There was not a
steamship or & mile of stoam railway or
electric telegraph In the world. Bight
cents was the postage on a letter 100
years ago, and It has been estimated
that during the first few years of the
century each adult In America sent on
an average only one letter a year.
Everything In America was in a primi
tive state. New York was as far from
Washington then in point of time as
Washington now is from Ban Francisco.
Communities had more of a distinctive
Character then than now, for they were
less often Invaded by strangers, and
when these strangers came they were
looked upon with wonder, and their tales
of other lands, and even other cities not
tqow remote, were listened to with sur
prise. The character of men's thoughts
find methods of doing business must, in
Samuel Flnlejr Breene Slome.
aa age not equipped with time-saving
conveniences, have been necessarily slow.
Men must now do In an Instant and by
instinct, almost, what in 1S00 they did
only as the result of long reflection.
Ambassadors at foreign courts carried
on negotiations from one to six months
behind the progress of events at home.
or, when confronted by emergency, pro
ceeded without authority and trusted to
their governments to ratify their acts.
Had there been cable communication be
tween France and America In 1803 the
anti-expansionists of that day might have
thwarted the purchase of Louisiana.
The commissioners Jefferson sent to Paris
were authorized to offer 2,OO0,OO0 for an
outlet to the Gulf. The First Consul
dazzled the envqys by offering them the
whole of Louisiana for SO.OW.OOO francs.
They were not empowered to make this
purchase, and they could not communi
cate with Washington, but with charac
teristic American daring they closed the
bargain with the great Corslcan. If the
great Atlantic cable had then bound the
continents together that vast domain
west of the Mississippi, from which so
many rich states have been bullded,
would yet be a French prolnce. or pos
sibly. Indeed, another Sritish Empire.
When nations were at war armies at
the front continued to battle long after
statesmen at home or diplomats abroad
had signed conventions of peace. The
treaty of Ghent was concluded on Christ
mas Eye, 1814, but 49 days were to pass
before xhe good news could reach the
American capital. In the meantime the
war continued, and New Year's day, 1815,
found Jackson's army knee-deep In the
bayous of the Mississippi, fighting the
triumphal battle of New Orleans a vic
tory that cleared a path for Jackson to
the White House. The news that Madi
son had been chosen President did not
reach the citizens In Kentucky until three
months after his election.
The people of New England, who had
vowed that If the Potomac site for the
Federal capital were chosen their repre
sentatives would resign rather than un
dertake the perilous Journey through wil
derness and morass to the seat of gov
ernment, opposed also the building of
canals and turnpikes to connect the East
and West. Too many people had already
passed beyond the Alleghanles, they said;
the Eastern seaboard would become de
populated: the 'exodus to Western fron
tiers threatened the stability of the He
public Even Jefferson believed that the
country would be divided into the At
lantic and Mississippi confederations.
Few people believed that representatives
from the distant "Stony Mountains"
of Louisiana would ever take
their seats in the Capitol at
Washington. And yet thehe came a
time when at the darkest hour in all our
history the building of transcontinental
railroads was advocated as a means of
binding the East to the West; and we
of this day have witnessed the mar
riage of these great sections by the strong
bonds of steel which span the continent
from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Early in the century, amid the clamor
ing for hotter highways, there were the
demonstrations and prophecies of a few
men of genius who had dabbled . in
steam and felt the throb of the power
that was to harness the world's trafllc
The orlRlnnl telegraphic instrument.
to elemental forces, overthrow the cus
toms of centuries and bring men and
nations closer together.
If this were an account of the develop
ment of transportation, rather than a
general review of the growth of means
and metohds of communication, more
particular attention might be paid to the
achievements of Oliver Evans, who de
voted a lifetime of unappreciated effort
to the proposition that steam might be
made to furnish motive power for boats
and wagons; to John Fitch, who pro
pelled his steam craft on the Delaware;
to Robert Fulton and Stephenson; but
only Incidental mention can be made of
the building of railways &na steamships.
I f K l IT s i
I . ' "
IN COMMUNICATION
Seymour Eaton.)
DIRECTED BY PROP. SEYMOUR EATON
although they are perhaps the most Im
portant element In the system of com
munication. There were eerious doubts in many
minds even at the beginning of the pres
ent generation that the barriers of
mountains, swamps and rivers could be
overcome. Daniel Webster, despite his
powers of prophecy, vigorously opposed
the absorption of .Washington territory
Into the Union, contending that the term
jf a representative from that remote
region would oxplre before he could reach
the National capital.
The building of railroads progressed
rapidly in the United States. In 1S28
Charles Carroll, last surviving signer of
the Declaration of Independence, laid the
first rail of the Baltimore & Ohio Rail
way. In 1S30 there were 23 miles of rail
road. Today, 70 years later, there are
enough miles of railroad in the Republic
counting terminals and sidings, to build
a track from this planet to the moon,
with 6000 miles left over. It Is difficult
to realize what this enormous mileage
of railroads means. It has opened up In
accessible forests, which in their turn
have given way before the ax of the hus
bandman, and where once there were wil
dernesses now there are vast fields of pre.
clous grain. These hundreds and hun
dreds of miles of steel rails have pene
trated in even direction, and so have
brought the people of the United States
closer together. Their primary influence
is to weld the community into one cohe
sive mass. They beget interdependence
so that the manufacturer of the East
looks to the agriculturist of the West for
his bread and meat, while the farmer
looks to his Eastern brother for the
shoes and clothes he wears. They know
each other through their respective prod
ucts, and they read each other's minds
in quick- exchanges of thought, by the
telegraph, by letters and the public press.
The postal establishment has grown
from almost nothing to be the greatest
ouslness concern In the world. Its re
ceipts for the carriage of all kinds of mall
matter now aggregate almost J100,00O,CO0
a year, and It bpends a little more, for the
effort is to provide means of quick com
munication between citizen and citizen,
rather than to make the service self-sustaining.
There are now about 75.000 poat
ofllces In the United States, and the serv
ice has more than 200,000 employes. It
handles approximately 7.000.000.003 pieces
of mall matter every year, of which 3.00),
000,000 are letters. This vast business
has witnessed a marvelous growth. It
Is a reflection of the no less wonderful
development of the United States. The
figures above given are incomprehensi
ble, and hardly to be believed when com
parison Is made with the postal service
100 years ago. "When Timothy Pick
ering served as Postmaster-General
In Washington's Administration," sayi
Postmaster-General Smith, "his balance
sheet of expenditures and receipts for a
whole quarter of a year showed an aggre
gate of 3,00D. which Is the expenditure
of everj six hours now."
In this day we do not wait for the slow
stage coach of our ancestors.carrylng the
fortnightly .malls, but even In the rural
districts there are dally deliveries of let
ters at the very door, and In the cities
there are hourly deliveries. Fast mail
trains have succeeded the old coach,
which lumbered over corduroy roads, or
was delayed long hours In the mire, and
if today the ordinary service, rapid as It
Is, Is not sufficiently swift, we are per
mitted the convenience of special deliv
eries, by which, upon the payment of a
small fee, our own little affairs receive
particular care by the Government.
But. marvel as we may at the com
pleteness and efficiency of the present
postal system, compared with that of the
early days, there are still greater won
ders. Prior to 1800 a few scientists in
Europe and America had caught scatter
ing sparks of the power that was In the
twinkling of an eye to flash human
thought around the world. Le Sage, in
Geneva, and Betancourt. in Spain, had
sent fluttering messages over wires with
power furnished by a battery of Leyden
Jars. Then, in 1S0O. followed Volta. who
won the plaudits of Napoleon and 2000
crowns by- demonstrating the use of his
galvanic pile. From this famous scien
tist of Pavla to Samuel Morse the history
of electrical Inventions, improvements
and discoveries is brilliant with Illustri
ous names, many of which, like Ohm,
Ampere, Ooersted, Faraday and Henry
have been Incorporated In the technical
language that has grown about the bit
ter' and the dynamo. Among all these
there is no greater name than that of
Morse, on May 27, 144, the first Intelligi
ble communication sent over a consid
erable distance was flashed from the
American capital to Baltimore The dots
HW rIH""""-Lt3a!i
(Reproduction of the first telegraphic mes
sage pent by the Morre system and preserved
at Harvard College.)
rind dashes of the mysterious system thut
spelled the famous message. "What hath
God wrought," have become the uni
versal alphabet of mankind. Still great
er wonders were to follow than the es
tablishment of the electrical telegraph as
a means of minmunioatlon between dis
tant polnf? of land. In IMS Morse sug
gested the possibility of connecting Eu
rope and America by cable. The work ot
Cyrus Field In accomplishing this stu
pendous achievement is within the mem
ory of most of us. The first cable mes
sage between the Old World and the
new will ring forever in the ears of man
kind "Glory be to God in the highest,
and on earth peace and good will toward
men." The most Impious cynic of this
century has been so thrilled by the
thought of human message flashing to
and fro where the "shell-burred cables
creep" that he has written:
"Hash! Men talk today o'er the waste of the
ultimate slime.
And a new word runs between: "Whispering;,
Let us be one.' "
Without the cable and the telegraph the
dally paper, such a marked feature of
modern life, would not be possible. Not
wlthstandlngbothtdegraph and cable tolls
of necessity remained at a high rate for a
nuber of years, the press early seized up
on this wonderful moans of speedy com
munication. For a time cable tolls between London
and New York wcro fixed at $100 for a
message of 20. words, or under, which
meant that no message between England
and the United States could be sent for
less than $100. Today an Intelligible mes
sage may, by the uso of code words, be
passed between England and America at a
cost even to Individuals not exceeding 7a
cents. The newspaper rate Is still less,
and the news In detail of operations In
foreign countries is now an important part A
of the dally paper. It is interesting to
note that the first news dfipatch from
Europe to a New York paper cost 54000,
and It Is further of interest that this
flirt dispatch from the Old World con
sisted of a political speech and the de
tails of a prize fight.
When Lincoln signed the emancipation
proclamation a correspondent at Wash
ington was so elated at his success in get
ting a preliminary outline that he began
his messpre to his New York papor with
four stanzas of the old hymn beginning
"We are living, we are dwelling in a grand
and awful time." He received an Intima
tion that If he found It necessary to drop
Into poetry It would be better to wire
simply the number of the page, as the
home office had a hymn-book of Its own.
The present newspaper outlay for tele
grams by land and under sea reaches an
nually into the millions.
Few stop to realize the wonderful ra
pidity with which business la accom
plished by the electric telegraph and cable
in these days gf marvels, Within a few
15? "JT ? S?T. CS-
minutes a broker in Chicago by cable or
der can seil a cargo ot wheat In London.
Brokers in London frequently, finding the
o&bles across the channel congested, send
messages to Havre by way of New York
without an Instant's delay. On the New
York stock exchange from three to five
minutes is the maximum time consumedt
for a message to London and return. Atlj
a recent electrical exhibition in New York!
a 30-word message was started on a clear
circuit to San Frandaco, therfeo to Van
couver, thence to Nova Scotia, under the
Atlantic 4o London- and back to New
York. Before one operator had ceased
sending be telegram another operator
across the room began to redelve It from
London. Some time ego in the Albert
Hall. London, connections wereunade with
the cable In Germany, thence across South
Russia, Caucasus, Armenia and Persia to
Teheran, where the line was eonnected'i
with & second line of the Indo-European
Telegraph Company, returning to London since their-arrival here constitute a dls
by the same route. The lines were clear, Ugraco toUhe old state which even Bryan
and the Prince of Wales pressed the In- Sls doesnot fully explain or sufficiently
strument, and the simultaneous click of
the receiver told that the message badi
been to Teheran and back.
Through the Improvements made by Edt-4j
son, 72 messages can be sent slmultane-H
ously over the same wire. Typewritten
pages are now reproduced by telegraph,
and, wonder of wonders, science has seized A
upon the circufamblent air, and without
the aid of wires man is able to communi
cate long distances.
If Edison's prediction be true that the
20th century shall eclipse the triumphs 'A
or tne l&tn more signally than uus cen
tury has eclipsed any previous aze, wire
less telegraphy will be nly one Instance
where man shall have conquered the mys
terious elemental forces and harnessed
them to his purpose. It Is easy to be
lieve, with Edison, that "we are onlyfcat
the cock crow of civilization," but It
Is oleo fitting to say. In the words of
those reverent messages of the telegraph
and, cable, bringing man closer unto man,
"What hath God wrought" "Glory to
God In the highest, and on earfh peace and
good will toward men."
fi
Treasury Department, Washington.
DISPOSAL 'OF THE DEAD.
Dr. T. L. Eliot's Cnlm Reflections on
the Subject of "Urn Burial."
The recent organization of an associa
tion In Portland for the procuring of
what Is sometimes called "urn burial" .
the simple and swift resolution of the
dead body into ashes causes consider
able Interest; and learning that Rv. J
Mr. Eliot, while in California a month
since, made some stud of the proccs,
and regards Incineration with favor. The
Oregonlan aha asked from him an ex-
presslon concerning the subject and
views entertained by those who coincide
with by him. Dr. Eliot sold:
"I have for many years felt that 'In
humation' as it is sometimes called the
ordinary burial must give place, sooner or
later, to some method at once nobler and
more In accord with progressive civiliza
tion. In my college days I read an old
classic. Sir Thomas Browne's 'Religlo
Medici,' the creed of a physician, to
which later was added a chapter on 'urn
burial.' The work was originally pub
lished in 1G42 and soon after translated
into five languages.
"A case of cremation occurred In St.
Louis when I was a young man, the dis
cussion of which In my hearing went far
to commend the method, especially as.
soon after I passed through two seasons
of cholera, epidemic during which there
was serious talk of burning bodies of the
numerous pauper dead. Several small
cemeteries were at that time abandoned
by law, and I once witnessed a ghastly
spectacle of the contents of several hun
dreds of graves, dug up Indiscriminately,
thrown into wagons and carried oft as
rubbish. I may say that In these ways
my mind was accustomed to look for a
time when a wiser disposition of bodies,
conforming to enlightened sanitary law,
might be devised; some method that
would also satisfy religious and human
sentiment. But many years passed be
fore I heard of established crematoriums,
as they are called.
"I may refer to one experience, which
has 'obsessed' my Imagination ever since.
In pursuance of my profession, I was
once called upon to officiate at a second
burial, the former cemetery having been
abandoned. It was necessary for me per
sonally to verify the face and body of
my friend. After that experience, my
thoughts were turned to this whole mat
ter of burial as a subject for reform. If
on no other ground than of a nobler sen
timent and pure contemplative memo
ries. "While In San Francisco lately I
talked with many persons and found
that the method of Incineration was rap
idly being adopted. I found people who
had been hitherto opposed or prejudiced
were converted by witnessing the cere
mony. I questioned wives and mothers
as to their subsequent feeling or Imagina
tion, and they said the thouzht was one
of consolation and spiritualized their con
ception of the after life. Of course thero
remains to many people the unreasoning
power of custom. The now method em
phasizes the Inevitable dissolution of the
body, and for a very few there may be
the lingering superstition that In the
bodily resurrection, it will be more diffi
cult for dlvino power to restore ashes
to beauty and form, than molderlng
clay. All such doubts and fancylngs,
however, dissolve at a touch of common
sense and purer religious faith. The
bodies of departed friends arc sacred in
deed, but themselves are no longer there
'In the muddy vesture of decay.' Tills af
fords Just the reason for a speedy reduc
tion to elemental matter, and the pure
firo only accomplishes In 00 minutes that
which the chemistry of Nature, baffle and
delay it as we mnr, accomplishes in a
dozen or fifty years.
"By appointment with the superintend
ent of one of the San Francisco associa
tions, I witnessed an Incineration In de
tail. There was a dignity and order ob
served which was highly impressive.
Nothing can mitigate the pain of parting
with those we love; but since that part
ing must take place, and their forms be
removed from sight, the method which
In a short time places their pure ashes
In our keeping . seems to me an emanci
pation, and strengthens the confidence
in Immortality. These ashes we may
place, If we choose. In the' niche of a
columbarium, or they may be buried in
he old way in. the rround. or scattered
reverently In some garden bed of flowers,
or as with one of my friends, far out at
sea. This whole subject is one which
should be freed from nebulous fancy and
superstitious, unreasoning prejudices.
'Our Imagination,' says Pope Clement
XIV, 'Is often our greatest enemy. I
am striving to weary-mine, before I act.'
If we must imagine, let It be on construc
tive lines. In accord with science and
enlightened religion. A very little amount
of clean, resolute thinking, and spiritual
confidence, should suffice to make purifi
cation br fire the universal method of
disposition of the dead."
EVERYBODY GO.
Special excursion to Bonneville, Sun
day. Good music. Adgie and her lions,
vaudeville performance, dancing, special
ties. Leave Union Depot. 9:30 A. M.; L0
cents round trip. Performance free.
They Learn the Use of Smudgrcs.
New York Sun.
A curious bit of adaptation to circum
stances may be seen In Summer among
the cattle of the swamp lands along the
Mississippi. From July to mid-September
blood-sucking Insects mosqultos, flies,
gnats and so on, are so bad there cattle
are sometimes In danger of their lives.
So are people, unless they make nmudges
that Is to say, fires so thickly smothered
they Jill the air with clouds ot smoke
and thus drive away the pests. The
cattle soon learn the use and value of the
I smudges,
A DEMOCRATIC DEBAUCH
jTXIIP OP MASSACHUSETTS DELEGA
TION TO KANSAS CITY.
Lovr(Charocter of the Delegates Gen-
, erallr The .Convention's
Chief Lesson.
KANSAS' CITY, July 4. Special to the
New York Evening Post.) lh-re are times
L whon It b-jcomes .he duty ol an Independ
ent nawsyayer to lea some unpleasant
truths at a personal nature. Such an
occasion Is supplied by the Massachusetts
delegation to this convention. Their ap
pearance mad conduct on the way out and
texcusc.
Nor are these doings outside the con
cern of the decent citizenship of Massa
chusetts, tor even of other states. This
delcgatlonlcontalns the men who are man
aging the Democratlc party, and In the
improbablelevent of Its success, the ones
who wocjldlstand before the country for
lithe old commonwealth. They would pre
sumably fill the Federal offices at home.
Wind represent the Nation abroad. Hence
their deDoatment becomes of the most
vital public; Interest.
This Massachusetts delegation left Bos-
1 ton. as Is -generally known, at noon on
Saturday. The baggage-car was stocked
with beer, , whisky, and other alcoholics.
I with excerptions which are numerically
trlfllntr. trw trhnl rmrtt- TirnmntH- nrn.
jceedted to get drunk, and In this condi
tion not a rew have since spent most of
their time. One of the half-dozen mem-
Ibers of the party was badly "loaded" be-
Ifore the train hn1 "won nut hnlf nn hmir.
Sand a little later was severely afflicted
with an, acute attack of nausea. A dis
position to fight soon developed among
the parts, for which an opportunity was
afforded by the charge that the Vermont
delegates, who had a car attached to the
same train, were helping themselves too
generously to the Massachusetts refresh-
vi menus. aw. cnarge was aeiianuy nunen
I back, and in words on both sides that
jlcould not be mistaken for even brutal
jfiumon.
orenscrast was provided Sunday morn
ing at .Toronto, for the .party went by the
GAandl Trunk, and those who were able
to) get up at all had sobered off enough
to1 rDent n fairly decent appearance.
Ttteyl soon disgraced themselves, how
ever.fby marching about the railroad sta
tion, cheering Tor the Boers, much to
the disgust of the courteous and hospita
ble Canadians. In fact, when the Canada
llne"was reached, one member of the party
was apprised of the fact that he was In
the Qwen's dominions, which Idea so
affected! him that he hunted up one of
the trafci flarrs. of a jrrcen tint, and rolled
hlmself through tho train, waving his flag
ond cheering for the Queen. On the first
.tight out, only one man fell out of his
ht?rth, but as this was an upper one, it
created-some commotion, and his restora
t!o.i toplace taxed severely the ingenuity
of vihe party. This served as a warning
to tlve others, who thereafter -hugged Ihe
wlnd-pw side of the sleeping places, and
so svccesRful were they that no other
occasion for calling for .i derrick arose
The erglneer may have been warned to
go slowv around curves!
At Niagara Falls nothing of moment
occurred. The stay was short, and the
great display of water, coming as It did
so much l.a the nature of a novelty, en
gaged the aftentIon of the party for a
time. ThereV were several, women In the
party, wives of delegates, "but they found
It less shoclUng to their sensibilities fo
rerort to the staterooms, and keep very
closely inside.
The full delegation, as generally pub
lished In the printed lists, did not actually
make the trip. At least four delegates,
and they were among tho best known and
most respectable styed at "7iome. while
quite a number of ialtfitrnates were missing.
Besides that. Jeny McNamara got left for
the train, but .ovr-rtook: the party at Niag
ara Falls. He had arranged to nave a
band escort him to thte station, and this
occasioned the delay.
On arrival here. GborgR Fred Williams
met the party at tha station, and accom
panied them to the Baltimore Hotel, where J
appropriate speechosiwere exchanged. One
of the party, who occupied one-ninth of
a room opening out on a balcony over the
main entrance, wentout there and with
out waiting for the formality of an In
troduction began to ddress the crowd
assembled below. He' said he had come'
to bring the greeting 'of Boston to Kan
sas City. He referred to McKInley's ma-i
Jorlty In Boston four ?ears ago. but told
his audience he could guarantee a 10,0001
majority for Bryan this time. They
cheered lusflly. He went on to added
flights of eloquence in praising free silver'
and berating Imperialism, when suddenly,
to the surprise of his hearers, he shifted I
his ground by telling them thnt he was l
speaking Just to Introduce a new curej
for corns.
No great pretence Is made of attending
to convention work or of knowing any-t
I thing about, what Is coins- on. Georrrei
RFred does all that. He did order a dele-f
'.gatlon meeting at X o'clock Tuesday after
noon, but when that hour had arrived!
most of his following had gone to a base-j
ball game. On their return many of them;
were so well "loaded" as to be pugna-J
clous, and nn attempt to transact busi-j
ztess was soon abandoned.
Your correspondent called at the dele-
gallon headquarters Wednesday morning.,
and was Informed by Delegate Foley thati
certain lines of social cleavage had al-l
ready shown themselves. "The fellows
who come In here full at 3:30 in the morn-f
lng."sald Mr-Foley, "look down on themj
that come In full at 5. and call themj
bums.' " This Is an Invidious distinction..
The rooms glve little evidence of belngj
occupied In the early half of the nighty
but are well tenanted In tho forenoon.
It Is, of course, true that. In a party!
approximately 60. there are some menj
who behave themnelvcs. Nobody needs toj
be told that Robert T. Paine, Thomas J.,
Gargan. John Ml Hayes. D. W. Logan.,
and perhaps fouror five others, observed!
these proceedings on the train, and here,,,
with undisguised disgust. It is tho dele-j
gation as a body that must be considered.
however, and, as such, stand or fall. Not)
all the Invited gucfts, whose names ap-i
pear, came on the trip. The: Hon. P. JM
Daly, who had been Invited, stayed at)
home, but sent his bartender Instead, who
acted as commissary.
Nor should It be understood that thej
Massachusetts delegation here occupies'
tnis bad pre-eminence alone. The delega
tion, from every Northern ntate east of;
the Missouri River Is dlstlmtlv lower In!
tone and caliber than at any Democratic,
convention of the past. Four years ago
the threat of free silver drove out a good
share of the decent elements -of the narty.j
and the Chicago convention wan pretty)
seamy in Its personnel. But four years,
of Bryan domination have hastened this,
work of demoralization. It Is hardly to,'
be expected that men of character andi
standing would go into caucuses andj
struggle for the honor of coming outl
here to nomlnnto Bryan and declare again
for thn lsrrflltt" rtnnMno rf rontiiUn-l
tlon. The good citizenship of the coun-'j
try have stayed out and the results clear
ly show It. Andyet it Is from the gang
collected here that the managers of thei
cnmnalgn will be chosen. nd piibsequent-J
ly the prominent Federal office-holders!
In the event of Bryan's election.
No phare of the Bryan movement is
more serious than the personal one. It
may be coddlshnss or one of those un
warranted conventions of society, btit thej
fart ri-malns that many peonlc do not!
regard bartenders and pool-rellprs as just!
the best material from which to select
tite builders. Shnkespar- evidently!
hwd this caddlr.h streak In his mnke-up
,en he put Into the mouth of one of
hi?; characters the words. If my mem
ory serves me faithfully:
"Tint If such articnt mnr hnrn pFa-c free
Bond-lave and pas-ana will -our rtatcsmen
. b-r
Bryan's election would mean the turn- I
lng of the country over to Tammany Hall
of New York, a similar 4 element of Chi
cago and other Northern pities, the crazy
Populists of the West, and the only say
ing element In the combination would bo
the South. This is the great lesson of
the Kansas City convention, and one that
every visitor has taken to heart. I know
several men who came here Intending to
vote for Bryan because of the Intensity
of their antl-lmperiallstlc views who are
going away vowing that they would not
do anything to put this outfit Into power,
even If McKInley was a confessed dicta
tor and emperor, instead of being merely
charged with tendencies In that direction.
Kanras City has learned this lesson, too,
and this convention here doubtless adds
5000 votes to the McKInley column. Tho
total-abstinence sentiment of Kansas Is
strong, and Its people do not wholly ap
preciate a city full" of drunkards, bllllnrd
halls everywhere converted Into bar
rooms, with great open-air tents to ac
commodate the crowds, and yet these are
the men who are running the Democratic
party and aspiring to control the gov
ernment at Washington.
MAKES THEM STARVE.
Kntlves of India. With. Millions of
Cattle, Dare Not Eat Beef.
Cyrus C Adams, In AInslee's.
In larre districts of India today mil
lions of cattle could not be sold for SO
cents a head. The country, yellow and
parched, has been turned into a desert
by the failure of the monsoon rains. There
are grass lands and fodder In o'her parts
of India, but the poor animals are too
weak to be driven to them, even If thero
were cattle-buyers to take them away;
so they die like flies, succumbing to star
vation far more quickly than their own
ers. The thought has never occurred to
the 35.000.CO0 Indian peasantry now suffer
ing from hunger that the cattle would
have been a food resource to tide them
over the months of crop failure. They
have plenty of cattle. Among all the
animals of India the various breeds of
horned and humped cattle hold the first
place. They aro the draft antmals In the
little field of the poorest psasant. All
the transportation of the Inland roads de
pends upon them. The household that
has not Its cow Is In the direst poverty.
Suppose these natives, when the signs
pointed unmistakably to a season of crop
failure, had cured under their hot sun
many thousand tons of beef by sun-drying,
as Jerked beef Is prepared In South
America, undescribable suffering and
thousands of lives would have been
saved: but the very Idea of making such
provision as this against the horrors ot
famine would be Inexpressibly shocking
to the 150.000.000 people of India, who base
their religious beliefs upon the Vedas.
They would never dream of such a profa
nation of the teachings of Brahmlnlsm.
They would rather swallow dirt and gnaw
roots than eat beef, and yet they are
not strict vegetarians, for all eat butter
and milk, and also fish and mutton, when
they can procure them.
The Hindus and those who share with
them their religious beliefs aro Just what
history tells us their fathers were, three
and twenty centries ago. The highest
law that concerns the Hindu Is to eat cor
rectly, and beef Is one of the proscribed
foods; so with this food resource in every
farmyard, prized highly, as It Is, by most
of the world, the Hindu dies of hunger
rather than partake of It. These facts
are perhaps as Impressive an Illustration
as can be given of the profound influence
which religious Injunction and custom
have upon the habits, tastes and preju
dices, and consequently upon the com
merce of- whole nations.
The value of East Indian cattle for
food has been amply demonstrated. The
57,000,000 Mohammedans living in India
have no qualms or scruples about beef
eating. Some years ago we read almost
dally for a time of bloodshed between the
Mohammedans and Hindus of Northwest
India. Beef was the cause of the incip
ient warfare. The Hindu neighbors of
the Moslems decided that their feelings
had been outraged too long by the repug
nant spectacle of cattle shambles and
beef eating. They resolved to put an
end to them, but the undertaking was too
large for the comparatively small num
ber of zealots who engaged In It.
"In this vast region, so densely peopled
that the specter of famine Is not far
away even In years of plenty, no meats
are Imported except for European con
sumption. If there Is a partial failure of
rice, wheat, maize, barley or the Indigen
ous grains on which the laborer lives,
starvation begins at once: and so while
India sells to the world every year from
$230,000,000 to $300,000,000 worth of products,
and buys about three-fourths as much as
she sells, her purchases are almost wholly
textlles, machinery, railroad material
and coal, even when nunger stalks
abroad; and the main reason why the
great evil of famine Is not averted or
mitigated by food Imports is because
the religious tenets of most of the peo
ple confine them to the few cereals they
raise themselves as the mainstay of life.
In one -respect, however, religious preji
dice Is a blessing to the country. It Is
to the lasting shame of some modern na
tions that they destroy thousands of
barbarous or semi-civilized men and
women by selling them poison in the
form of the purest qualities of alcoholic
liquors; but they find no market for their
fiery gin and 40-rod among the hundreds
of millions of East Indians, because Is
lam throughout the world Is a vast tee
total society, and among the Hindus to
touch liquor is a sign of the lowest caste.
Thus certain religions which we do not
Include among the highest forms have
happily reared an Insurmountable barrier
against one of the worst evils of West
ern civilization."
dxlncne Names Mnde Easy.
Boston Transcript.
An acknowledged authority on tho pro
nunciation of Chinese names as trans
lated Into English assures us that
there need be no serious difficulty In
sounding the many Chinese names ap
pearing In newspapers If the speaker will
remember that the vowels In theso
names are uniformly those of the Ital
ian or Continental alphabet, namely: (1)
a always about as a In far; e always
approximately as e In they or then; 1
like 1 in machine or pin; o as either the
o of song or how; and u always as u
of rule. (2) Also, It should be remem
bered, every syllable has an Independ
ent value, and should be given that
value In pronunciation. (3) As for con
sonants, they are pronounced exactly ai
written. These three rules will secure
as correct a pronunciation of Chinese
names as can be secured without oral
instruction.
No Chance for Immlfrrnnts.
London Dally Mall.
There is a reasonably rich region in
that part of the Cape Colony which Is
called the Hex River country. Wheat and
fruit and the vine flourish In that sec
tion, the pasturage Is good, genuine farm
ing Is there carried on, and the people
are prosperous. But the region offers no
chance for Immigrants. The land is all
taken up and held at a very high price,
.and those who own it especially the
dominant Dutch will not sell. Instead,
they want more acres, even though they
cannot 'till what they have for the Boer
Is a land-loving, land-proud mortal, who
estimates his social position and his de
gree of content by the number of his
acres.
Mnde by Hand Looms.
New York Press,
All the " genuine Irish poplin in the
market Is turned out by about a hundred
Dublin looms handlooms all, as the bst
stuff cannot be made by powerlooms.
which snap and tear" the delicate warp
of silk. It Is obvious, therefore, that
much of the poplin sold as such cannot
be the real thing, for the Dublin output
is a fixed quantity, limited by the length
of time required to train the workers and
their clannlshncs3 in' refusing to admit J
outsiders.
CENSUS OF PORTO RICO
SOME OF THE INTERESTING CONDI
TIONS IT SHOWS. .J
People Not So Enlightened or Pro-
S"resitrve as the Cabanii ilore
Thnn One-Third Colored.
WASHINGTON. July 11. The returns of
the Porto Rican census, made under the
direction of the War Department, which
are being made public from time to
time, throw new light on the number
and character of tlie people of that Isl
and. The latest bulletin shows the island
w'lth a tqtal population of 933.243. 8721
more females than males. Calculation
develops the fact that 31 per cent of the
total population Is under 10 years of age,
whllo In the United-States in 1830 this
portion was but 24 per cent of the total.
The proportion of the children of school
age, 5 to 17, in Porto Rico reaches 33.8
per pent. Persons over 45 yeara of ago
make up but 11.8 per cent of the total
population. This small proportion of eld
erly persons in Porto Rico Is an indica
tion of the short average duration of life,
caused by Inferior and unhealthy and
unsanitary conditions.
There are GS9.426 whites In Porto Rico
and 363,817 colored people, the latter com
prising 59.3S0 negroes, 204.352 persons of
mixed blood and 75 Chinese. The white
population appears to be increasing some
what more rapidly than the colored, .and.
In view of the American occupation. Is
likely to make much greater strides. It
Is shown that 9S.5 per cent of the popu
lation of Porto Rico is native born, more
than half of the foreign born being na
tives of Spain.
The proportion of single persons in the
island Is very high, 10 per cent higher
than In the United States, as but 30.3
per cent are married. Yet the proportion
of persons in Porto Rico lawfully mar
ried Is much smaller than this, for In
the present census there has been recog
nized a large class of persons living to
gether as husband and wife by mutual
consent. It Is said that there Is an In
creasing abstention from legal marriage,
probably due In part to Increasing pov
erty and Inability to pay fees, and also
to n change ot opinion regarding the
necessity for legal sanction upon the
marriage performed. As a matter of
fact, however, this cohabitation by mu
tual consent Is more common among the
colored population of Porto Rico than it
is among the whites.
In Porto Rico a comparatively few chil
dren continue in school after passing the
age of 9. The deplorable fact Is dis
closed that the school system of Porto
Rico reaches only about 8 per cent of
the children of the Island between the
ages of 5 and 17 one-half of the propor
tion reached by the schools of Cuba.
There are in the Island 322.303 children
of school age, and but 26.212 attending
school. As a result, over 77 per cent of
the population of the Island over the ago
of 10 years are unable to read. In Cuba
nearly hlf of the population are able to
read.
Up to this time It has been generally
believed that Porto Rico was much more
advanced and Its people better fitted for
caring for their own affairs, than the
people of Cuba, but the Investigations
made under the War Department cer
tainly upset any such theory. The peo
ple of Cuba are shown to be better edu
cated, of better habits and In better con
dition generally than those of the Island
of Porto Rico At best, the United States
has a great work on Its hands to bring
the people of Porto Rico up to a fair
standard of education and Intelligence.
Four-Foot Bamboo Flower Stand.
London Express.
One of the prettiest flower stands which
has appeared of late Is made of a piece
of bamboo from four feet to five feet
high, nailed to two smaller bits, ar
ranged In the shape of the letter X.
A hole of about three Inches deep Is cut
at each knot In the uprignt bamboo
and a natural receptacle for flowers Is
made In this easy fashion. Bamboo
grows In sections, so that, as there Is
a solid piece of wood between each por
tion of the upright stick, nothing remains
to be done but to pour water Into the
holes, and to place a branch of flowers
In each. Lilac and laburnum look ex
quisite when placed alternately on tho
bamboo flower stand, but almost any kind
of foliage Is effective, when used this
way.
The stand becomes almost Invisible
when It is nicely filled with flowers.
Where Navigation In Difficult.
Chicago News.
Nine out of ten travelers would tell In
quirers that the roughest piece of water
Is that cruel stretch In the English chan
nel, and nine out of ten travelers would
say what was not true. In reality, the
"wickedest bit of sea" Is not In the Dover
Straits; or In yachting, for example, from
St. Jean de Lulz up to Paulllac; or across
the Mediterranean race from Cadiz to
Tanglers. Nor Is It In rounding Cape
Horn, where there Is what sailors call a
"true" sea. The "wickedest bit of sea"
Is encountered In rounding the Cape of
Good Hope, for the eastern ports of Cape
Colony.
What a luxury Pears'
soap is!
It is the cheapest and
best toilet soap in all the
world.
All sorts of people nse It, all 'sorts of stores
sell it, especially druggists.
No More Dread
of the
TE3TH EXTRACTED AND FILLED AB
SOLUTELY "WITHOUT PAIN, by eur lata
scientific method applied to tho rusts. No
slfiep-producinff sweats or cocaine.
These ars tb only donta.1 parlors in Port
land harlnc PATENTED APPLIANCES and
!nsTd!nt3 t extract, fill and apply rId
crotrns and porcelain ero-vns undetectable
from natural' teeth, aad warranted for 10
years. WITHOUT THE LEAST TAIN. Full
set of teeth. SC a. perfect fit rcarantecd or no
pay. Gold croirns. $3. Gold fillings, $1. Sil
ver Allloe. COc. All work done try GRADU
ATE DENTISTS of from 12 to 20 years' ex
perience, and each department In cn&rtts of a
specialist. Glre ua a call, and you -Kill find ua
.to do exact lr as tvc advertise. 77 will tell
yon In advance exactly what yur irorle trill
cost by a FREE EXAMINATION.
SET TEETH fJO.OO
GOLD CTtOWNS . ..$5.00
GOLD FILLINGS $1.00
81LVElt' FILLINGS ....f.. MO
HO PLATES
New York Dental Parlors
MAIN OFFICE:
Fourth and tforrieon sts.. Portland, Or.
HOURS- to 8; SUNDATS. 10 TO 4.
- BRANCH OFFICES rT t
733 Market st.. San "FrancUco. Cal. fi
U rirat m.. SeatUa. W&sb. '
P8 rc5
I k j dr 1 ill
4
THE PALATIAL
HI BUI!
1 Mp;
Not a dark ofUce In the ltn!ld!nst
ahaolutely fireproof- electric llrchtsi
ntl artexlan vratert perfect sanita
tion nnil tlmroneh "Vcntllntlon. Kle.
vatora ran day and nleat.
Rooms.
ATNSLT75. PR. GEORGE. Physician... .608-6TW-
Al.DRICH. S. W.. General Contractor 810
AXDEP.30N. QUSTAV. Attorney-(it-Lair...613
ASSOCIATED PRESS: E. L. Powell. Mcr..8O0.
AUSTEN. F. C. Mannicer for Orerron and
Washlnrton Blinkers" Life Anrciatlon. of
Des Molnm la G02-303-
BANKERS LIFE ASSOCIATION. OF DE3
MOINES. IA.:F. C. Austen. Manarer..BO2-0O3-BAYNTUN.
GEO. R.. Mgr. for Chas. Scrlb-
nors Sons 315
BEALS. EDWARD A.. Forecast Official U.
S "Wcathpr Bureau .....Sin-
BENJAMIN. R W. Dent! 314.
BINc-WAN'OBR. DR. O. B.. Phvs. A Sur.410-411.
BROOKE. DR. J. M.. Phys. & Surf? 703-709
BROWN. MYRA. M. D 813-3M-
nniTERE. DR. O. E.. PhrMclan 412-13-114.
BlSTEE RICHARD. Asent Wilson A Mc-
Callajr Tnhacco Co 602-0.
C AITKIN. G. E.. District Aj-ent Travelers'
Insurance Co. ... ..........71S
f-ARPWELL. DR. J. R 80f.
rrroi.i w T.. Special Aj-ent Mutual
Rc5orve Fund L'fe As"r .....G04.
COLUMBIA TELEPHnvr COMPANY
rPn'-fS).vor.-rto7-rn;t-6i4-n3
rORNELTUS. C. W.. Phy.n. and Sunfeon SO-
COVER. F. C. Cashier Equitable Life S04-
COLLIER. P. F-. Publisher; S. P. McGulre.
Manager 413-418".
0".Y. J. O A I. N 31.
nAVTS. NAIOLEON. President Columbia
THephor.f Co .....ROT
DICKSON. DR. I F.. PhvMclan 713-714.
DRAKE. PR. H. B.. Physician 012-313-314-
PWYER. JOE. F.. Tobaccos 4Mi
EDITORIAL RCOMS Elichth fioor
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY:
L. Samuel. Mnrta-cer: F. C. Covr. Cash!er.3C
EVENING TFLFORAM 323 Alder otreec
FENTON. J. D . riij-:clan snrt Fitrxon.50S-310i
FENTON. PR. IIICKS C. Eye and Ear 81.
FENTON. MATTHFW F.. Dentist 5C
FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION:
E. C. Stark. Manner 601
GALVANI. W. IIV Engineer and Draughts
man ..CO
GAVIN. A.. President Orej-on Camera Club.
214-213-210-217
GEARY. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and
SurNon v 212-213
CEBBIE PUB. CO.. Ltd.. Fine Art Publish
er: M. C. McGrrcvy. Mjr..., 5ia
GIKSY. A. J.. Phv.-Iclon and Sunceon... 700-71 0-
GODPARD. E. C A CO.. Footwear
Ground floor. 120 Sixth streer
GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manarer Manhattan
Life Insurance Co. of Nerr York 200-21
GRANT. FRANK S.. Attom-y-at-Law BIT
HAMMAM BATHS. Kins; Jfc Compton. Propo.303.
HAMMOND. A. U , ...31
HEIDIN'GER. GEO. A. & CO.. Pianos and
Orr-ann 111 Sixth street-
HOLLISTER. DR. O. C.. Phyat A Sur. .504-501.
IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law.. 410-17-13-
JOIINSON. W. C 310-31C-31J-
KADY. MARK T.. Supervisor of Affonts
Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n 04-C0S'
LAXiONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen
eral Mnnnser Columbia Telephone Co C04"
LITTLEFirLD. II. R.. Phys. and Surgeon.. 2o
MACRUM. W. S.. Sec. OreRon Camera Club.214
MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phyn. and Sure. .711-711
MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surir. .701-2-3
M"COY. NEWTON. Attoir.ey-at-Law 718-
McFAPEN. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer 201
McGINN. HENRY K. Attom?y-at-Law.3U-3J3
McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers Representa
tive ......'. 303
METT. HENRY 218
MILLER. PR. HERBERT C. Dentist and
Oral Surjreon t0S-C03
MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dnt!.-rt 3I2-313-3H
MANHATTAN Urn INSURANCE CO.. ot
vr York: W. Goldman. Mana-er 209-210-
MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N;
Mark T. Kndy, Supervisor of Acents.. 0O4-CO1.
Mcelroy, dr. j. o.. Phys. a sur.701-702-703
McFARLAND. E. B., Secretary Columbia
Telephone Co 60t
McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier.
Publisher' - 4 15- IS
MeKIM. MAURP"E. Attoroey-at-Law 800
MUTUAL LIFE INCURANCE CO.. of New
York; Wm. S. Fond. State 31j-r. .04-405-40f.
NICHOLAS. HORA CT P ttomey-st-Law.71I
NILES. M. L.. Cnsnler Manhattan Life In
surance Co.. of New York 20S
OREGON INHRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY:
Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath 40S-40
OREGON rAMEBA CLUB 2M-213-21C-217
PATTERSON. PETER 00
POND. WM S.. State Manager Mutual Life
In. Co. of New York 404-403-409
PORTLAND EYE AN DEAR INFIRMARY.
Ground floor. 133 Sixth street
PORTLVNP" MINING A TRUST CO.; J. II.
Marshall. Manager CIO
QUIM-IT. L. P. W.. Game and Forcrtry
Wart'en ... 71C-71T
ROSENPALE. O. M.. Metallurgist and -Mining
Engineer 515-SUT
REED A MALCOLM. Opticians. 133 Elxat street
REED. F C.. Fish Commissioner 407
BTAN. J. B.. Attorney-ot-Law ...4ir
SAMUEL. vL. Manager Equitable Life. ...308.
SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE
CO.; H- FJ Bushonsr. Gen. Agent for Ore.
and Wash.-.. 601
SHERWOOD. J- W.. Deputy Supreme Com
mander. K. O. T. M 317
SMITH. Dr. L. B.. Osteopath 403-403
.SONS OF THEfAMERICAN REVOLUTION.300
STARK". E. C Ex-cuttve Special. Fidelity
Mutual Life Aesoclatlon of Phlla.. Pa 601
STUART. DELL. ABorney-at-Law 017-C1
STOLTE. PR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-703
SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO 70
STROWBRIDGE. THOS. H.. Executive Spe
cial Agnt Mutual Life, of New York 400
SUPERINTENnENTS OFFICE 201
TUCKER. PP.. OEO. F.. Dentist R10-61I
U. 8. WEATHET2 BUREAU CO7-00S-000-01
U. S. LIOHTHOTUBE ENGINEERS. 13TH
DIST.. Captain W. C. Langfltt. Corps of
Engineers. U. S. A. 80J
U. S ENGINEER OTFICE. RIVER AND
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W.
C Langfltt. Corpe of 'Engineers. U. S. A.. Sit
WATERMAN; C H.. Cashier Mutual Life
of New YorTc 409
retary Native Daaightera 710-717
WHITE. MISS L. E.. Assistant Secretary
Oregon Camera Ciib ..21
WUnSON.DR. EDWARDjN.. Phys. & 8ur.304-3
WILSON. DR. OEOl F.. iPhys. & Surg. .700-707
WILSON. PR- HOliT C. Phyn. A Surg.507-3C3
WILSON A McCALLAY TOBACCO "CO.:
Richard Busteed. Agent CO2-G03
WOOD. DR. "5V. L.. Physician 412-413-414
WILLAMETTE VAlfr.EY ' TELEFH. CO.. .611
A fe-rr more elegant; offices mnr Tb
had by npplylnjc to 'Vortlanil Trnat
Company of Oretrorr, ltMl Third n.t., o
to tbe rent cleric lnthe Dnlldlnc
THIS BADGE
Is an "emblem ot
consideration" and
signifies the -wearer's
intention to
help the Retail
Clerks and mer
chants to shorter
hour by- making aU
purchases before 6
P. JL