-' TT
10
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, JULY 3, 1900.
EARLY ENGLISH DISCOVERERS AND EXPLORERS
(Copyright. 1000, by Seymour Eaton.)
THE OREGONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE: DIRECTED BY PROP. SEYMOUR FATON
DISCOVERERS AND
EXPLORERS OF AMERICA
BY PROF. GEORGE M. WRONG.
III.
We are accustomed to think lightly of
tho "discovery" of America, as If, as
Columbus sighted land, behold, a new
continent -was made known. A continent,
hpwever, is not revealed In a moment;
Its shores must be coasted before the
true nature of what has been found can
be learned. As a matter of fact. It was
an Island off the coast of America that
Columbus first saw, and he died helleving
not that he had discovered a new con
tinent, but that he had revealed to Eu
rope some Islands lying close to the
shores of Asia. His aim was to get a
short and easy water route to the mar
kets of Asia. Had he known that land
stretching thousands of miles north and
south blocked his path we may well be
lieve America would havo been a source
of sorrow rather than of joy to the brave
explorer.
The real beginnings of the discovery of
America were made only when the huge
extent of this coast line began to be
Sebastian Cabot.
understood. Many actors and many ex
peditions shared in the work. It was
done chiefly by Spaniards and Portu
guese, often under Italian leaders like
Amerigo VeSpuiliS and Columbus himself.
The French and the English had very lit
tle part in it. As early as in 14M the
pope divided the new regions between
Sp'-ln and Portugal, and excluded all
other nations. The King of England,
Henry VII, was a good Catholic, and
obeyed the papal authority. He ruled
over but a small territory compared with
the vast British empire of today over
England, Wales and Ireland, with Calais
on the continent representing "Greater
Britain"; his subjects numbered In all
probably considerably less than 3,000,000
and his own throne was continually men
aced by partisans of the rival house of
York. There were. In fact, many reasons
why Henry VII should simply mind his
own business and leave the new regions
to the care of those who had found them.
We have it on the highest authority
that the love of money Is the root of all
evil. No doubt It is. but the desire for
gain Is also the root of the commercial
enterprise that has ministered so much
to human progress. The English were al
ready keen traders and not likely to sit
Idly by while others gained an advan
tage. Columbus, It was believed, had
found another trade route to Asia, and
if the English did not bestir themselves
they would have little share in the profit
able commerce with the East. John
Cabot, a citizen of Venice, who had trav
eled in the East, and who for some reason
had made his home in England, succeeded
In arousing even King Henry himself to
an interest in the matter, and, finally, in
1497, was able, with royal approval, to
sail forth from Bristol in command of a
small ship, and probably of only one, to
find a new route to China. Spanish
agents In Endlang were watching events,
and it was necessary that Cabot should
seek a route not already forestalled by
Spain or Portugal so he sailed out past
Ireland into the West, expecting to reach
China in due course.
We know well enough what Cabot would
encounter, and what disappointment was
in store, for thousands of miles not only
of sea, but land, lay there to block ti!j
route to Asia. The mysterious unknown
has, however, its own fascination, and
we need not pity the men under the spell
of this potent charm. It would be a
strange spectacle In these days to see an
English crew under an Italian captain.
The Italians, were, however, the best
mariners of that age. Cabot reached
lapd; whether it was Newfoundland or
Capo Breton or Labrador that he first
saw we do not know, nor need we take
special pains to inquire. He raised ths
flag of England and claimed the country
for Henry VII. Along the coast for many
days he sailed, saw when he landed from
time to time snares for game, trees felled
and other traces of human habitation; but
met not a human being, nor apparently
did he wish to. His force was small ana
the temper of the natives would be un
certain. Soon ho turned homeward, hai
a quick voyage and was back in England
In three months after leaving it.
Cabot's return, with the report of tho
new territory he had reached, created the
same kind of interest in England that
Stanley's Journey through Darkest Africa
aroused 10 years ago. Every one talked
about it; the King gave Cabot a present
of 10, and ultimately a present of .21,
which was not Illiberal, for it was quite
Martin Froblslicr.
equal to $1(XX a year in our own day.
Cabot himself assumed the swagger of a
naval hero. They called him the Ad
miral, and he made lavish gifts of terri
tories in the newly discovered regions.
His barber was promised the lordship of
an island, and some of his priestly friends
bishoprics.
All this bright promise came to little.
Cabot made a new voyage In 149S. So
little authentic knowledge have we that
it is not certain whether his son, Sebas
tian, went with his father on either the
first or second voyage. Aaln. Cabot
reached land, and apparently sailed far
south of any point he had visited pre
viously: but he soon found his way back
to England and was still drawing his pen
sion In 1499. When he died we do not
know. Sebastian, his son. lived for more
than half a century still, and Is accused
of telling fantastic tales to later genera
tions about his own exploits In thoso
voyages westward and of stealing his
father's laurels. The Cabots did little
toward the discovery of America? they
made no settlements, opened up no trade.
Their work, however, is interesting as the
pioneer effort upon which was based the
subsequent English claim to North Amer
ica, which time has so fully justified to,
the Anglo-Saxon race.
Spain was quick to protest agalnrt
Cabot and all his works. Honry VII wa
soon busy with plans to marry his son
fcj a I f r'llllll i MiffVll
lIBit
to Catherine of Aragon, the daughter of
the Spanish sovereigns, Ferdinand and
Isabella, and had no desire to quarrel.
Then Henry VIII came to the throne aild
quickly stirred Europe to Its depths by
his assault upon the church's power. Oc
casionally adventurous. Englishmen tried
f to find a passage to Asia by passing
through North America, but without suc
cess. It began to be whispered that
Asia might be easier reached by sailing,
not to the west, but along the north coast
of Europe, eastward. Englishmen tried
it in 1525 and failed. More than a quar
ter of a century later, in 1S53,
they tried it again, opened up trade
with Russia, wrought in reality
better than they had planned, but
found no uta route to Asuu In America
meanwhile tho Entfll-h dli nothing, and
nearly three-quarters of a century after
Cabot's voyages Englishmen had no foot
ing in the New World.
Henry VIII began the quarrel with the
Roman church. His daughter. Elizabeth,
continued the strife to the death. Within
five years after Elizabeth came to the
throne, in 155S. it was inevitable that
Protestant England and Roman Catholic
Spain were to be the respective cham
pions of two bitterly hostile artlcs, and
many were eager to appeal as soon as
possible to the sword in settlement of the
struggle. Hawkins and Drake assailed
Spain in America, and the story of tneir
exploits reads like a fairy tale. The
scene was in the South we shall come to
it present; but meanwhile we look at
what England still tried to do in the
North.
When the early explorers, to their
amazement, found solid land stretched
northward and southward indefinitely and
that the route to Asia was blocked, the
idea grew that as the land seemed never
to end a channel which might reach from
ocean to ocean must be sought. Magellan
found in the South such a tortuous chan
nel, now known as the Straits of Ma
gellan, and sailed through into the Pa
cific Ocean. He believed that south of
this channel the land stretched away in
definitely a belief that Drake was to dis
prove later by discovering Cape Horn,
with the illimitable sea to the east, west
and south. Magellan's 3tormy straits
were soon disused as too full of peril.
Some still dreamed of a better passage
at the far North. Jacques Cartler in 1535
sailed up the St. Lawrence, hoping that
he might in some way get through to
China. He failed, of course, and gave up;
then 40 years later the English again
took up the task that Cabot had failed
to accomplish. It is a story of heroic
effort continued for well-nigh 300 years,
to be successful only in our own age.
Slartin Frobisher made the new start.
Beginning about 1660. he urged the search
for a Northwest passage, and after long
years the attempt was made. Frobisher
led, in 1576, the first of three successive
voyages to the North. Drake at the same
time was struggling In the South to fol
low Magellan into the Pacific, and did it.
Frobisher was a skillful seaman, a firm
ruler, "verie valiant, but withal harsh
and violent." Like other English seadogs
of the time, he was deply religious, and
pious phrases then found a use which we
should deem irreverent. "Before tho
world was God" was the challenge he
once gave his sentries, and the answer,
was to be: "Aftor God came Christ, His
Sonne." Queen Elizabeth took a deep
Interest In his plans. A Joint stock fom
pany was formed with the Earl of War
wick as chief mover, and amoii; the
heavy shareholders wore the Queou and
the leading courtiers of the day. In the
far North Frobisher found a narrow pas
sage, which looked 'Ike channel similar
to Magellan's, but proved t be only a
long, deep bay, now named after Its Eng
lish discoverer. He found what excited
him even more, on one of lh barren
islands, a black stone that seemd heavily
charged with gold. Back to Kngrnd hi
hurried. It was gold, some vho otirht
to know said, and next year Frobisher
wont again to the North with a larger
company, determined to aba.i I m ihe
search for a route to Asia anl content to
carry back to England all th precious
ore he could find. The natives, who-n ve
know as tho Eskimos, proved trouble
some. Somo men were killed on bo h
sides. The English found tho country,
as they said, more ready to eat ihm
than to give them to tat. They saw and
described Icebergs with torrents of water
pouring down their sides, dogs d -awing
sleds a sight to them apparently rtrange
and many other noteworthy t.ilnga.
Above all, they found more precious f,
loaded their ships with hundreds of tors
of it and went back to England rejoVhicr.
A third time. In 157S, Frobisher returned,
with no less than 15 ships, gathered 3t:'l
more ore and went home, to find In the
end that It contained little or mo old,
to be himself plunged for a time Into deep
poverty and to have some trouble In forc
ing shareholders who had subscribed
funds to pay up. The search for the
Northwest passage thus ended for a time
in a scramble for gold. Our own are
nas seen Incredible quantities of (.old
found in America in the same latitude,
but the Valley of the Yukon, whloh emp
ties Its waters ac.to the Pacific, was t
prove the real eldorado.
Frobisher had sailed through what we
know as Hudson's Straits, ami he added
something to the knowledge of the North
ern coasts of America. He lived to serve
lilb country in othr ways to flgnt wlih
Drake against th--s rreat Spanish Amadi.
John Davys, In UK, 16S6 and 15S7. wl h
slight means, but In a heroic spirit, voy
aged Into the same Northern seas, but
failed in his main object. His name,
however. Is not yet forgotten In connec
tion with the far North.
The English had meanwhile secured to
one piece of territory which they ac
quired permanently In America, In t o
16th century. Newfoundland nad Jong
been a rendezvous for fishermen from ,ifl
tho coasts of Europe, but as yet"it be
longed definitely so no European power,
though more than one claimed it. Sir
Humphrey Gilbert, one of the noblest
spirits of the century, high in fav r a;
court, led in 35S3 an expedition to New
foundland. The fear of. Spain or of Por
tugal was no longor before the minds of
the English. Drake dared to raise the
English flag even in the Pacific Eng
land was powerful upon the sea much
stronger than Spain though the world
still thought otherwise. In Newfound
land, with much, ceremony, Gilbert pro
claimed Elizabeth sovereign of the couiu
try, and declared that he would shfat
off the ears and do other terrible things
to any one who dared speak disrespect
fully of her. He perished on nls way
homeward, and H'ed as a brave Christian
should. Calais id been lost In the rjign
of Mary, a'nd Newfoundland was th
first and only region outside the mother
isles over which the English flag waved
In anything like security, while Eliza rth
reigned. Nor was the tenure of New
Toundland safe. The French for more
l.n?.n ?cJ?tuJ7 disputed, jjpt. wjpyt
Henry VII.
t
success, the English ownership. It was
in the north of America that the English
were to do their mightiest work of col
onization. Such a future would have
seemed Incredible enough when jSllrabcth
died in 1603. New England was not yet.
From the Arctic Ocean to Mexico relgucd
a cheerless and cruel barbarism, prac
tically untouched by Europe, though the
coasts had been known for 100 years. The
Spaniards had, however, done something
considerably farther south. What th
English did against them we shall bee in
the next paper.
University of Toronto.
AT THE HOTELS.
Mies Blsa Frank, S F IE" Barnes, wife &
Mrs Wm Hume. Eagle boy. San Francisco
Mrs Wm Hume. Eagle
una
Miss Lottie Hume, do
MUa A Hume, do
F 8 Harnor. Tacoma
Mrs W O Manson,
IVnvr
IP Xt Rr Pjll
Mrs F M Gray. Cal
Mu Eva stinson. uu
MIm L Howard. Cal
ji H Thompson, S F
C MacNelll, J B A C
victoria
IV Donaldson, do
W Lain?, do
V Jesse. do
R 7? Tka-Mirn SamMIa
J M Kellogg, N T
'Miss N M iJurunara.
Folsora. Cal
Gadzdrn E Howe, Fort
J II Lawron, Jr.do
W W Wilson.
do
do
N Mem lees,
J Budgman.
A. Maclean.
E Gelger.
L. Oliver.
John T Llghter.Astoria
do
do
do
do
w ii wren, wasngxn
Au A Schneider & wf,
San Francisco
Wm EHerj't Boston
T "Watson,
do
u uonmer, si ioe
F F Barbour, San Fr Hugh C Gearin. St Joe
Mrs H A Ellis. S F L A V Shock. St Joe
Miss A A Hewston.do,A G Jacob. Oregon Cy
Mrs Vanderlynn Stow.iU H Cooper, Chlcagi.
San Francisco H S Bowen. Chicago
Master A E Stow, do ,S A Madge. Olympla
R C Hammond. Tam- Martin Schlnek. N Y
pa, Fla iS Elmore, Astoria
J McMlllen. San Fran I A J Trask, Jordan
Max Galland. N Y
Columbia River Scenery.
Regulator Line steamers, from Oak
street dock, daily, except Sundays. The
DnllcB, Hood ltlver, Cancatle Locks,
and return. Call on, or 'fone Agent for
further Information.
THE PERKINS.
O A Brldcford, Aledo.lW E Morris. Ham-
III J mond. Or
Mrs O A Brldgford.doi Mrs u b" LIndgren. io,
Miss nrldgford. doMrs W E Morris, do
S B Fruklestcn, city jJ M Short. Greshan:
R L. Austin "Wntfi
linos Xjinnviue. Astora
Emt! Webber, N Y
D TV Ralston. Arling.
Mrs R L Austin, do
Miss Austin, do
E J Marlon. Tacoma
Wm Ballons. Pendltn (A C Hansen. Kalama
. .11 jiuiiu.i, ienver n u Anscr, uaues
D M Miller, Ocosta iA B Conley, Covo, Oi
Mrn T H TVIIUams, J Harrington. P R
Cascade Locks jMrs J Harrington, do
Mlxs MoUIe LlnnvUlclGeo C RltcWe. Lewls-
c; it Keynolds, Vancv
E W King. St Paul
Jas A Taylor. Astoria
Paul A Trulllnger, do
James Fait, Dalles 1
Jas H O'Connell. As
toria W B Taylor. "Wash
J II Cradlebaugh,
Sumpter, Or
TV Con. KiimntM-
O S Smith. Arlington
T rtllrrhT Arllnrtnn
Mrs Burcher. Arlington
airs A D Bartley.
Idahn
Mrs J W StinglcDaw-
aon
Miss W V Thler. do
Mrs J B Standard,
Ashland, Or
Miss Fannie Standard,
Mls Turner. Forst Gr
Aeniana. or
D H Wolch, Astoria
JAR Rome, Victoria
A 8 Gove. Victoria
easier Turner, do
Wsi Xoods. otty
J W BrldwcII, Jr,
Amity, Or
T W'Igman. city
Ed H W'adlr. Wis
Mrs E H Wadly. do
H J Lewthwlte, Ore
gon City
Mrs H J Lewthwlte,
C L Beckley, Elkton
Oran W Davis. Denver
Mrs O TV Davis, do
Mrs J TV McLean, do
A J Ahlr. An
J A nilelr. ilrt
I B E WUhite, do
Dald Baker, Oakland,
uregon city
Miss Meek. Oregon Cyt Or
n t. rawrora. Albany
C E Fox. Halsey, Or
Mrs C E Fox. do
Mrs B T Snell, Ar
lington. Or
Lena E Snell. do
J A Little. Amity. Or
J B Cartwright. Dal
las, Or
J Medley, Oakland. Or
B Wart!nW fhjrn
Miss Wtlda Belknap,
Prlnvfll Or
Mrs John C Ardrey, La
Grande. Or
Master Nate Ardrey.
La Grande, Or
Mrs O J Davis, Shanl-
lco. Or
Mrs M A Ross, do
c J rnndeji. Danes
John R EJlwlll, Prlnev
J A Byerfy, Ostrander
Mrs J it Ellwlll. do
Mrs j a Byorly, do
J P Warner. do
W E Sherrill. Hood R
N S Whetstone, Hepp-
S H Baldwin, WlnlocK
Chas McLeod. do
Miss Marie Vanesse.do
ner, or
A H Kuhn, Hoqulam
Wm A fJlhhrmr do
B J Boynton, 8t Paul
Mrs J E Tlnnd HrvnrfH
Mrs W A Glbboss, do
Geo A Hall. St Helens
Mrs G A Hall, do
Claude Rice, Cam-
J H Aitkin. Hunting-
ion, or
A Sanders, do
W H Wehrung.. Hllls-
boro. Or
James Wright. Ska-
xnokarra. Wash
Mrs Jas Wright, do
Mrs Krager, Astoria
Mrs Edith LIndgren,
Mich
hrlrtr W'jmh
Mrs George A Black,
ADeraeen. wain
Miss Mary Cooper, do
lu c Little uaston. Or
W N Ferrin. Forest Gr
Mrs W N Ferrin, do
THE IMPERIAL.
C W. Knowles, Manager.
E J.Brannlck. PortlndlWm H Dolman.StHlns
3 it Brannlck. do Margaret Reeves. Boise
Mrs F E Hawley.Pulf- Frank Bridrall. Boise
" 1 u ran 1 juays, uaues
(Grant Mays, Dalles
P Morton. Umatilla
juisa x lomnxins.
Jacksonville
an r Morton, do
J D Locey, Vale. Or
Mrs Locey, Vale, Or
MIjs Mary Locey, do
it A Joiinston, Astoria
S Harrison Lorewell,
Walla Walla
Mrs C Bartsch. Dawson
John Mitchell, Ana
conda J S King, city
Mr Klnsr. city
Dr C E Wade. Drain
Mrs Wade. Drain
J H Price, Olympla
Vlata Bolton, Dalles
Mrs Johnston. Astoria
P L Campbell. Mon
mouth A M IlnlrT- Kair TrV
P H Isnbers. Hood K
pee Moorebouse, Pen
dleton Mrs C H Moor, Stcven-
Effa Bolton. Dalle
Mrs John Hae,Maryb-l son
Tllle
lEdmond Glltner, Salem
Mary E Hale, do
John F Hale. do
C A Hale. do
Dr R J Chlpman, La
o Hcott. Seattle
Mrs Scott. Seattle
Mm Krnnklln. Ratt1
Walfrr T.vnn Sn1m
Grande
IFollx Kramer. New Tk
Dr H C Epley. SalemM L-vIt, San Fran
Mrs EnlMr. Snlim
C. TT Tlnhirt AUutnv
R P Bole, Salem
Mrs Boise, Salem
1 W smart. San Fr
J F Sale, Astoria
jC D Gabrielson. Salem
IF TV Schmidt, Astoria
IC E Whitney, St Hlns
THE ST. CHARLES.
J Phelan. GrantaPassE S Adams, city
E J Bellinger, do IG E Barnes, Qulncy
Lit Jones, do IC TV Jette, Champoeg
?rI!;l0fie8V d0 lT Bagman. Champoeg
M Hardenbrook. Elktn.S H Fisher, Arlington
Geo Stewart. Elkton J B Mills, Ostrander
R Godfrey, Wardner Mrs MI.Is, Ostrander
Mrs Godfrey, WardnerlE Mitchell. Osuander
C f Shlppey. WardncrjMrs Mitchell. Ostrandr
S L Courtney. Wardnerl Sidney Oldman, Goble
Geo Robinson, Vlento 1 E D Schlanpe, Oak Pt
H Plunkcr. Vlento E J Wade. McMlnnvlll
wm Shepperd. Bridal iF M Heldel! HlHsboro
Voll. Or
A D Burnett, Eagle Ck
E A Taylor. Wlnlock
F Reed. Aberdeen
K ". Mill City
H A St Ear'.e, Blue R
Mrs Reed, Aberdeen
Takala, Castle ItckJos H Dernback. Oak
01 j uieroaie, saiem
D TV Harrison.Salt LkW G Rhnde. Gray's R
Mrs M Gerklng & dr.iW J Holmes. Vlento
Salt Lake Mrs Holmes. Vlento
F O McCauley, Gol- N Brltt. Vlento
dendale I Judge James McCain.
Jaa lvlley. Goldendale McMlnnvIIIe
Ca.pt John W Brown, Jennie Gardner, do
-JS?. R,ver I? O,,on' MtMlnnvillc
F T Pomoroke. Cath- 1 A Pearson, Astoria
awS , lIrs Gray Astoria
F J Eggman. do iC U Doggett, Astoria
Mrs Eggman, do . (J B Ford. Roscburg
A W L6ure.TVood- I W H Darbv. Hnm
land
D J Laughton. Salem
1 t ri-.. ci
Mrs Iasur An
John Brltts, Stella
E Johnson, Oak Polnt.J W Raymond. Salem
L, Johnson. Oak Point tMrs Raymond. Salem
J Kuhlman iRobt Redpath. Salem
T McClaren. Goble J Palind. Salem
r4"ickiuMg.wuinc & oiini. iHiem
P Ford. Onlnr-v
hi .vrjuBirons, ao
John Nevln. Cane Hrri
H Scarbrough, do
C H Balrd. Corvallls
G G Selby. CorvaJIm
F S SImrnn Atnriii
B Finch. Hwjulam
A Dixon. Hoqulam
Jas Boj, Kelso
A H Griswold. Kelso
Chas Schneider, do
Wra Lemon. Dayton
J narbr. iSnvfnn
A W Winters. Astnrln
W Day, Astoria
lj Van nianiPAn v.i..
Frank Co xri.
Mrs Barber. Dayton
O Eaterbroo'k. Oak Pt E E Hasklns, McMInn
G VV Cole. Hood River
W S Peterson, do Go Moulton, Cottrell
B Bruner, do iMrs Moulton. do
T A Tucker. do D Richardson, Vlento
J F Dixon. do ,C Schloss. Vlento
Annie Blowgard.CatlinEd Carew. Vlento
Ed Scarborough, do J C McDonald; Vlento
Matt Clark. Kalnler II Bancroft. Vlento
F Jensen, city Frank Kraft, Cathlaint
E Hansen. CathlamctiMr Kraft. Cathlamst
Jennie Linn. Qulncy L D Hopfleld. Pasco
Geo Martin. Qulncy (Mrs Hopfleld. Pasco
J D Cummins, St Joe (Jas Riley, Castle Rock
Thrr A White, do L Breek. Castle Rock
G E Coleman, Hood RH Parker. Pasco
A H Coleman. Hood R R Edgerton. Clatskanl
J B leon. Cathlamct B Nelson, Rainier
John Grimn. do Wm Hall. Rainier
S Wise. Coos Bay A McCullough. do
C L Hollard. BridalWJ G Talt. Seattle
E H Hollar, do 1 Jesse Garner. Marshld
W A Hall, Clatskanl! Ida Varey, Marshland
T CI f?TYWn Innna Tw
do
C C Holman. Hood It iF E Elliott.
G H Barnard. Hood R Mrs Elliott,
Jas B Harris. Hood R, W W Elliott,
H H Clark. Warren iMrs Elliott,
C 7? Tounr. Oalt Pnt !? Hninn
do
do
do
do
T TlrtTnr- fiflb Vnlnt II 1? niviui rh- . jk
do
TV Brown. Camas Vr 'Dan Dixon. Ostrande
A Mclnnls. Camas VyIas D McGruder, do
Hotel Drnnsvrielr. Seattle.
European; first class. Rates, 75c and up. On
block from depot. Restaurant nast door.
Tacoran Hotel, Tncoma.
American plan Hates. $3 and up.
Donnelly Hotel. Tncoma.
European plan. Jlate. 50c and up
STILL CLING 10 16 TO 1
MONETARY IEAGUE SPEAKERS
FIRM FOR SILVER..
Every Mention of Watte Metal Greet
ed Wits Applause General War
ner the Principal Speaker
KANSAS CITY, July 2. Tho placidity of
the meeting of the United States Mone
tary League waB considerably ruffled in
the closing hours today by statements
from General A. J. Warner, o Ohio, who
was a volunteer speaker, taking the time
and place -which had been assigned to
Mr. fuller, of New York, -who failed to
appear. General Warner was introduced
by ex-Governor St, John, who called him
the "Father of the Cause of Free Sil
ver." General Warner caused the first
flutter of excitement by saying that so
far as he knew there was no proposition
to change the ratio of coinage. The live
question of the hour, he added. Is to get
sliver restored to Its former place where
it would have the same rights as gold.
"I don't care anything about the ratio
of 16 to 1," he said. "Get silver re
stored," he added, "catch your hare first,
then cook It- Regulate silver automati
cally and you settle the question. 1
sometimes think we have laid too much
stress on 16 to 1. I am in favor of it,
but there are and must always be condi
tions which may change the ratio."
Mr. Berry, of Pennsylvania, Interrupted
and asked if General Warner was not
giving away some of the secrets of the
platform. Before General Warner could
reply, Mr. Harvey asked him: "Do you
understand the history of free coinage?"
General Warner replied without per
turbation that he had made a study of
it, and he begged leave to say to Mr.
Harvey and others that there had been
no legal action taken by Congress on the
question of ratio. General St. John fol
lowed with an interruption in which he
said: "I say to General Warner that un
less 16 to 1 Is specifically mentioned in
the platform, at a convention to meet
this week, a tremor will run along the
entire line and voters, in the West espe
cially, would desert the ticket by thous
ands." This statement received vigorous ap
plause. Turning to those In front. Gen
eral Warner said:
"Get your silver first. Don't make any
more mistakes. When you get your sil
ver, we will fix the ratio."
Interruptions followed with rapid
ity and exceptions to the speaker's views
became heated. Waiting a moment for
quiet, General Warner continued:
"I tell you the question of IC to 1 Is
going to cut little figure In this cam
paign. The issues will be anti-lmperial-lsm
and trusts, and what we should do
for humanity and the question of ratio
will sink Into Infinite Insignificance."
An excited speaker In the rear row
shouted that If General Warner's Ideas
prevailed, the party might as well tear
down the flag of the Campaign and the
election of McKInley would be Inevitable
General Warner said he would not take
up further time. Mr. Harvey leaped upon
a. table and repeating former statements,
he added: "If the people do not Instruct
Congress before election on the, ques
tion of ratio. Congress would never agree.
And I stand here to say to you" point
ing to General Warner "16 to 1 has been
demanded by our leader. Colonel Bryan,
and we will follow his lead."
H. A. Ellas, of Buffalo, N. Y., was
called, and said New York Democracy
had come to Kansas City to demand that
36 to 1 be specifically mentioned, and
nothing else would satisfy New York.
A motion made to add General Warner
to the committee on resolutions brought
out several objections, and General War-
ner settled the problem by declining to
serve.
A vote asking General Warner to ad
dress the convention tomorrqw at 10 A.
M. on the currency bill was unanimously
passed, and the convention adjourned un
til that hour.
After the convention General Warner
was waylaid at the" entrance by many
who had been present and some of them
denounced him politically and In some
Instances personally. The outside protest
was as vigorous as that of the inside.
Ex-Governor St, John was the first speak
er of the afternoon, his subject being
"What Constitutes Money T'
Referring to the convention of the 4th,
the speaker hoped that there would be a
new declaration of principles. He de
manded that the free coinage of sliver at
16 to 1 should be emphasized by the con
vention and nothing short of such an
enunciation would suit the people.
J. R. Sovereign, of Arkansas, spoke dn
"Monetary Reform." The best money this
country ever had. said the speaker, was
the sort that did not want to go away
from home.
W. H. Berry, of Chester, Pa,, spoke on
"Freedom for the Worklngman." This
was to be the slogan of 1900. he said.
Mr. Berry compared -Mr. Bryan to Moses
as a- leader.
The committee appointed by the Mone
otary League has prepared an address to
tho American people, and will submit It
to the meeting of the league tomorrow.
The address is Issued, Its framers say,
on the eve of a campaign for the elec
tion of a President and, Congress that will
shape the political and ecqnomic policy
of the United States. The address opens
with a Ion? dissertation on the money
question and the so-called Industrial evils.
To the formation of the so-called money
trust, made possible by the retirement of
silver as "a real money," Is attributed the
subsequent formation of numerous In
dustrial trusts and their consequent evils.
Combinations known as labor unions, tho
address says, the also an outgrowth of
combinations of capital. The number of
people in the great middle class who
were Independent or engaged in Independ
ent or self-supporting business have been
made bankrupt in ever-Increasing num
bers, and thereby they and their chil
dren are forced to enter the ranks of
employes and wage-earners, thereby In
creasing competition for such employ
ment. This has made the supply of la
bor greater than the demand for It, set
ting employers and wnpe-earners at war
with each other, and to the formation of
organizations now known as labor unions.
The existence of these labor unions is
proof of itself that wages would decline
If not maintained by combinations to
that end. While a scale may be thus
maintained, the loss on the whole to labor
Is as much as If the decline in wnges had
occurred as time is lost in Idleness. lock
outs, strikes and In assessments on la
borers to maintain their unions. In
conclusion the address says:
"If the mpney power Is permitted to
proceed, the destruction of the Republic,
In our opinion, is at hand. Such selfish
combinations of men, undor a Republican
form of government, fear the people and
lack confidence In the permanency of laws
they have passed, and to the end that
their laws will be made more secure and
permanent will encourage a monarchlal
form of government. A discontented peo
ple, such as a nation of tenants and em
ployes must be. with the example of
covetousness constantly before them, can
easily be led into a war of conquest,
where the principles of liberty are tram
pled under foot. With their own former
ideas of self-government forgotten, they
would deprive others of liberty if to
themselves.
"We believe that money, trusts and im
perialism are the three subjects thus
closely connected: that the two latter
are born of the first, and that any politi
cal convention that does, in its platform,
recognize the origin of industrial 'trusts
and love of Imperialism does not intelli
gently meet the situation. While the
repeal of our tariff laws may temporarily
Jet in competition from foreign manufac
turers, and for a time cause lowest prices
of some product of Industrial 'trusts.'
tho logic of events, as at present trend
ing, is that these industrial trusts,, like
the 'money trust,' will become world
wide, as has recently the Standard Oil
trust, and the repeal of tariff laws will
have no effect on the power of such
'trusts' to raise and lower prices at their
pleasure.
"In this crisis now threatening civili
zation throughout the world it is but nat
ural that the highest order of importance
should be displayed in this free republic,
and that the United States should lead In
the overthrow of the threatened danger.
For an Immediate remedy, our choice lies
between two political parties, whose can
didates for President and Congress are
now being presented to the people. The
Republican party has already met at
Philadelphia in National convention, and
in its platform, to the chagrin and dis
couragement of millions of honest mem
bers of that party, has approved of all
the Iniquitous laws enacted in the Interest
of organized money-lenders, of which we
complain. The other, the Democratic
party, is now about to assemble In this
city In National convention, and In it our
hopes He for Intelligent and courageous
action, should It take the position- on
those questions that become a free and
enlightened people. We will bid it God
speed In Its work of progress, emancipa
tion and civilization."
RESERVOIR BURST.
Part of Grand Rapids Flooded Many
Honees 'Washed Atvny.
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich., July 2. The
big reservojr of the city water works sys
tem, located on a hill in the northern part
of the city, burst at 5 A. Ml today. More
than 100,000,000 gallons of water was let
loose and rushed through the valley ad
jacent, flooding an area peopled by about
9000 persons.
Many dwellings were washed away, oth
ers were badly damaged, and all those
within a district for three b'ocks. square
were either wholly or partly filled with
sand. None of the buildings damaged
was of costly character, as they were for
the most part the homes of worklngmen.
Not a house within the sweep of the flood
escaped damage. The tracks of the De
troit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee Rail
road, a short distance north of the reser
voir, were undermined, and trains on that
road were obliged to make a detour via
other roads.
The break was flrst seen by Burt Bots
ford, a boy delivering newspapers. It
was then only a tiny stream, but, reallz
ln the danger, the boy aroused hundreds
from sleep and urged them to escape.
The reservoir gave way at the gatehouse,
near Livingston street, pouring down the
hill a stream 3C feet wide and 10 feet deep.
A number of houses were swept from
their foundations and carried away on the
flood and crushed. Some streets were
torn up to a derth of 40 feet. .
Mrs. Cooper, of Clancy street, was lit
erally swept out of her house by the
flood. She was carried to the bottom of
the hill and burled to her neck In sand.
She was rescued alive, but will probably
die. No other fatalities or serious Injuries
were reported.
A rough estimate places the damage at
$200,000. One hundred houses in all .were
wrecked or badly damaged. The break
In the reservoir grew until It was 30 feet
wide and more than 10 feet deep.
TRANSVAAL WAR.
Roberts Does Xot Connlder the Con
flict Ended.
LONDON, July 3, 3 A. M. It is clear
that Lord Roberts does not consider the
war in South Africa ended, as he has put
a stop to the return of civilians, and has
ordered mining men back to Bloemfon
teln. He Is credited with thinking that
three months must elapse before affairs
will be settled enough to permit the re
sumption of business.
A large body of British are again re
ported to be in Swaziland.
General Rundle has Issued a proclama
tion announcing that farmers discovered
to hnve been harboring armed ex-burghers
and not Informing against them will
have their farms confiscated, and receipts
he'd for goods requisitioned will be can
celed or they will be compelled to pay
a fine of not less than half a crown per
morgen on the area of the farm.
Large Boer Force Shelled.
LONDON, Jnue 2. The War Office has
received the following dispatch from
General Buller:
"Standterton," Sunday, July 1. General
Talbot-Coke, with the Tenth Brigade, re
connoltered June 29 toward Amesfoort
(Transvaal) and found 2CC0 of the enemy
there with guns In a strong position.
Having shelled them, he retired and was
not followed up. His casualties wero
two killed and sjx wounded."
Botha Released.
CAPD TOWN, July 2. Commandant
Philip Botha, who was captured by tho
British near Kroonstad. May 17, has been
released under heavy ball. He lsto re
side In Allwal North until the conclusion
of his preliminary examination.
The Drink Habit.
PORTLAND. July 1. (To the Editor.)
Your criticism of the "Drink Habit,"
which appeared in today's Issue of The
Oregonlan, Is both timely and logical. An
association has been recently established
In Edinburgh, by the social and thrifty
sons of Scotland, which, I believe, would
receive the support of The Oregonlan.
The new association Is entitled "The So
ber Scot Society." The British newspa
pers Inform us that the promoters or
thlsiew society abstain from advocating
teetotallsm. All they desire Is to put a
kStop to the excessive and Indiscriminate
uso oi lnioxiciiiuiK suiuiiiaiiis. xsuuiiug,
in my humble opinion, could be more use
ful, admirable and valuable than what
the members agree to do. They each
mutually promise and agre6, first, not
to drink liquor either before noon or be
fore meals; second, not to "treat," by
offering or giving Intoxicants, except with
a meal; and third, not tp give strong
drink in return for services rendered.
Such an association, it seems to me,
would be the means of doing much good,
and would offend no person, not even
the liquor-dealer. While, In common with
Judge Whalley, 1 am not disposed to
regard with much favor the professional
"JIner," yet I believe a society having
In view the objects above set forth ought
not be confined to Scotland.
An association of this kind should be
formed In our city, with branches extend
ing throughout Oregon the same to be
called simply and broadly, "The Sober
Society." WILLIAM FOLEY.
The Bicycle Tax.
PORTLAND. June 29. (To the Editor.)
Since about one-half of the wheelmen in
this city have refused or neglected to
pay their tax for the current year, claim
ing said tax to be unconstitutional, hence
void, please state through the columns
of The Oregonlan your opinion of tho
same. Also whether If said law be de
clared void will my money be refunded,
as was tho Port of Portland tax some
few years ago. X. Z.
It Is not necessary for The Oregonlan
to give any opinion, Blnce It would not
be conclusive. It was not the Port of
Portland tax that was" refunded.
Connplrators Convicted.
NEW YORK. July 2. In the trial of the
men accused of conspiracy In publishing
reports calculated to depress the stock of
the Brooklyn. Rapid Transit Company,
verdicts of guilty were returned this af
ternoon against Goslln, Parker and
Davis. Bogert was found "not guilty."
Belgian Outrnjren.
LONDON, July 3. The Rotterdam cor
respondent of the Dally Chronicle says:
"It transpires that the recent mutiny
at Shinkakassa Fort, near Boma, was
due to the abominable treatment of the
soldiers' wives by the Governor of the
fort, who, when the women refused to do
The
Pinkhmm
is a proutS sistd peerless
reGordm St Is a reoortS of
oisre,, of constant con
quest over obstinate Ills
of women? Ills that deal
out despair? suffering
that many women think.
Is woman's natural heri
tage? disorders and dis
placements that drive out
hope
Lydla E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound
wmmammamatmmaKmemaammmmmamamammm
cures these troubles of
women, and robs men
struation of Its ierrorsm
No woman need be with
out the safest and surest
advice, for Mrs PInkham
counsels women free of
chargem Her address Is
Lynn, Mass
(Ban any woman afford
to Ignore the medicine and
the advice that has cured
q million women?
hard manual labor without pay, had them
stripped and flogged till the blood ran
down their bodies. The mutineers are
now all exterminated. They were hunted
down and shot on sight or lashed to the
mouths of cannon and blown to pieces
by platoons before admiring Belgian offi
cials In gala dress, by order of the acting
Governor."
Philip Fnnernl Services.
NEW YORK. July 2. Funeral services
over the remains of Rear-Admiral John
Philip were held at the Brooklyn navy
yard today. Many prominent Naval offi
cers attended. The body was conveyed to
Jersey City on the navy-yard tug Nina,
and 13 guns were fired from the dock and
also from Fort Columbus as the boat
passed. The coffin was draped In a Union
Jack and placed on a train for Jersey
City, where burial will take place tomor
row. Committeeman Cox Renlsna.
CLEVELAND, July 2. Chairman Hanna
today received the letter written by
George B. Cox, of Cincinnati, containing
the latter's resignation as a member of
the National Republican Committee, but
declined to discuss the matter. It Is
probable that General Dick will be chosen
to All the vacancy.
Are as small as homeopathic pellets,
and .as easy to take as sugar. Everybody
likes them. Carter's Little Liver Pills.
Trv them.
Young
Ladles'
Faiorite.
Other
Styles for
Street,
Dress, House,
Outingf.
1 AGENTS
E. C GODDARD & CO.
Oregonlan Building
45
La
EAUTY IS,
V
without a thick,
luxuriant head of
soft, glosey hair,
which is in truth
"woman's crown
ing glory." Tho
faithful uso of
Newbro'a Herpi
cido never falls to
produce hair of
this character,
for, by dcstroylncr
tho deadly genua
that feed upon tho
oilofthohairroot,
it makos dan
druff, falling hair
and all scalp dis
eases impossible
It then promotes
a now and thick
growth toreplaco
tho old thin and
hrittlo hair.
. One bottto Trill Tep.
Jg m0
?
try tacso tt&tements.
For Sole at all first
Class Drag Stores i
PRIHA3T. SECOrom 03 TERTIARY BLOOD P01S0.1
Permanently Cured. You can be treated at
borne under same guaranty. If you have taken
mercury, Iodide potash, and still have aches
and pains. Mucous Patches In Mouth, Sore
Throat, Pimple,. Copper-Colored Spots, Ulcers
on any part of the body. Hair or Eyebrows
falllnr out. write
COOK REMEDY CO.
1539 Masonic Temple. Chicago, 111., for proofs
of cures. Capital. $500,000. We solicit the
mot obstinate cases. We have cured the worst
coses In 15 to 35 days. 100-page Book Free.
I 7of see
wis AT TH,S
i tf5Kv jf! .
yv JxiM( ,s branded
) Bs. is 0M EVERY
x JibMs!w P& SH0E
gga uxfords,
S2.50
B ""tv Mniiy 55iji5jfit?8CTiiJBrj jtffiffl
TOE PALATIAL
mi Bun
tt
Not a darlc office In tHe bulldlnc
absolutely fireproof electrlo Herhtfl
and artesian waters perfect aanltn
tlon and thorough ventilation. Ele
vators ran day and night
Booms.
ATJ7ST.IE.xDR. GEORGE. Physician. ...CC8-G03
ALDRICH, S. W., General Contractor CIO
ANDERSON. OTJSTAV. Attorney-at-Law...613
ASSOCIATED PRESS: E. 1 Powell. Mkt..S04
AUSTEN". F. C, Manaeer for Oregon and
Washington Bankers Life Association, oi
Des Moines, la B02-3O3
BANKERS' I,TFE ASSOCIATION. OF DES
MOINES.vIA.:F. C. Austen. Manarer..B02-603
BATNTUN. GEO. R., Mgr. for Chas. Scrlb-
ners Sons. 313
BEALS. EDWARD A.. Forecast Official U.
S. Weather Bureau 010
BENJAMIN. R. W.. Dentist 31
BINSWANGER, DR. O. S.. Phys. & 8ur.4 10-411
BROOKE. DR. J. M.. Phys. St Surff 708-709
BROWN. MTRA. M. D 31.1-314
BRTJERE. DR. G. E.. Physician 412-413-41
BUSTEBD. RICHARD. Agent Wilson & Mc-
Callay Tobacco Co. .., 02-603
CAUKIN. G. E.. District. Agent Travelers'
Insurance Co. ... .. 7H
CARDWEU,. DR. J. R 603
CARROLL. W T.. Special Agent Mutual
Reserve Fund IJfe Ass'n 601
COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANT
flO4-G05-C0C-6O7-613-ei4-G13
CORNELIUS. C. W.. Fhya. and Surgeon.... 2M
COVER. F. C. Cashier Equitable Life 303
COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher; S. P. McGulre.
Manager .... ........ 412-410
DAT. J. G. & I. N. 313
DAVIS. NAPOLEON. President Columbia
Telephone Co. .. fiOl
DICKSON. DR. 3. F Physician T13-T14
DRAKE. DR. H. B.. Physician..... 512-313-51
DWTER. JOE. F.. Tobaccos ... 403
EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth floor
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETT;
L. Samuel. Manager; F. C. Cover. Cashler.nca
EVENING TELEGRAM ..... 325 Alder rtrett
FENTON. J. D.. Physician and Surgeon. 500-510
FENTON. DR. HICKS C. Eye and Ear 511
FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist 509
FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION:
E. C Stork. Manager.... ..,.. 001
GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and Draughts
man ...... COO
GAVIN. A.. President Oregon Camera Club.
214-215-216-211
GEART. DR. EDWARD P., Physician and
Surgeon 212-213
GEBBIE PUB. CO.. Ltd.. Fine Art Publish
ers: M. C McGreevy, Mgr 513
OIEST, A. J.. Physician and Surgeon... 700-710
GODDARD. E. C & CO, Footwear
.Ground floor. 12S Sixth strett
GOLDMAN. WILLIAM, Manager Manhattan
Life Insurance Co. of New York...... .209-210
GRANT. FRANK S.. Attomey-at-Law 61T
HAMMAM BATHS. King &. Compton, Propa.303
HAMMOND. A. B. . 3J.J
HEIDINGER. GEO. A. & CO Pianos and
Organs ... .131 Sixth ttreet
HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phys. & Sur.-C04-503
IDLEMAN, a M.. Attorney-at-Law. .410-17-13
JOHNSON. W. C. S15-316-317
KADY, MARK T.. Supervisor of- Agents
Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass n...... 604-603
LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen
eral Manager Columbia. Telephone- Co 00)
LtTTLEFIELD, H. R., Phys. and Surgeon.. 201
MACRUM. W. a. Sec Oregon Camera Club.214
MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phys. and Surg. .711-713
MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg. .701-2-3
McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-a-Law ....... 713
McFADEN. MISS IDA E., Stenographer. .. .201
McGINN. HENRY E.. Attorney-t-Law:sil-3J3
McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers Representa
tive -- 803
METT. HENRT 213
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C.. Dentist ad
Oral Surgeon 603-600
MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 312-313-314
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO., of
New York; W. Goldman. Manager.... 209-210
MUTUAL RESERTVE FUND LIFE ASS'N;
Mark T. Kady, Supervisor of Agents.. 604-001
McELBOY. DR. J. G., Phys. & Sur.701-702-703
McFARLAND. E. B., Secretary Columbia
Telephone Co. .................... ...... ...609
McGUIRE. 8. P., Manager P. F. Collier.
Publisher ............... 415-413
McKIM. tAURICE. Attorney-at-Law 500
MILLER & ROWE. Real Estate. Timber
and Farming Lands a Specialty...... 700
MUTUAL LIFE INCURANCE CO.. of New
York: Wm. 5. Fond, State Mgr. .404-406-408
NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law.713
NILES. M. L.. Cannier Manhattan Life In
surance Co.. of New York 203
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY:
Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath.. 4CS-403
OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-215-216-217
POND. WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life
Ins. Co. of New York... . 404-405-403
PORTLAND PRESS CLUB... 501
PORTLAND EYE AN DEAR INFIRMARY.
.......Ground floor. 183 Sixth street
PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.; J. H.
Marshall. Manager 313
QUIMBY. L. P. W.. Gam and Forestry
Warden 716-717
ROSENDALE. O. M.. Metallurgist and Min
ing Engineer 515-510
REED Si MALCOLM. Opticians. 133 Slxst street
REED. F. C. Fish Commissioner 407
RYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Law ..417
SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life 306
SHERWOOD. J. W., Deputy Supreme Com
mander, K. O. T. M ztl
SMITH. Dr. L. B., Osteopath 403-409
EONS OF THEAMERICAN REVOLUTION. 500
STARK. E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity
Mutuil Life Association of Phlla.. Pa 631
STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law 617-013
STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist. 704-703
SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO 7M
STROWBRIDGE. THOS. H.. Executive Spe
cial Agt Mutual Life, of New York 400
SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE 201
TUCKER. DR. GEO. F.. Dentist 610-011
U. S. WEATHER BUREAU 0O7-0OS-9OO-01O
U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH
DIST.. Captain W. C Langntt, Corps of
Engineers. U. S. A. S03
U S ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W.
C. Langntt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A..S19
WATERMAN. C. H-. Cashier Mutual Life
of New York. - 406
retary Native Daughters 71C-717
WHITE. MISS L. E.. Assistant Secretary
Oregon Camera Club 214
WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phys. & Sut.304-3
WILSON. DR- GEO. F.. Phys. & Surg. .706-707
WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phys. & Surg.507-503
WILSON & McCALLAY TOBACCO CO.;
Richard Busteed. Agent 002-003
WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician 412-413-4 U
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO... 013
A few more elesrnnt offices may lis
lind by applying to Portland Tra.it
Company of Oregon, IOO Third at.. o
to the rent clerk in the bnildlncr.
MEN K ir;
THE MODERN APPLIANCE A positive
way to perfect manhood. The VACUUM
TREATMENT CURES you without medicine of
all nervous or diseases of the general lve or
gans, such as lost manhood, exhaustive drains,
varicocele, lmpotoncy. etc Men are quickly re
stored to perfect health and strength. "Writs
for circulars. Correspondence confldentui.
THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.. rooms 47-4JI
J Sato Deposit building. Seattle, Wash.
8