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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 19, 1900)
THE MOANING OREGONIAN, SATURDAY. !MAY 19, 1900. KBtered at the Postofilce at Portland. Oreccs. s Mcosd-clas matter. TELEPHONES. Editorial TLoacua ICQ I Business OSc....M7 REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By 'iall potage prepaid). In Advance Bally. Tlthhunday. per month ...... to S3 Ually, Sunday excepted, per year....-. .. 7 50 Dally with-Sunday, per year . 8 00 Sunday, per year ............. 2 00 The Weekly, per year .... . 1 50 The Weekly, 3 month. .................... 60 To City Subscriber Dally, per veek. delivered. Sundays exoepted.l5a Dally, per week, delivered. Sunday Indudedfia News or filsojsslon Intended for publication .In Th Oregonian should be addressed Invariably "Editor The Oregonian." not to the name of ny Individual. Letters relating to advertising, ubscrlptlono or to any business matter ahould be addressed simply The Oregonian." The Oregcnlan does not buy poems or storlea from individual!, and cannot undertake to re tarn any manuscript sent to It without .solicita tion. No stamps should be Inclosed for tbU Purpose. Pucet Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson, cfllce at 1111 Pacific avenue, Tacoma. Bos 853, Tacoma postofilce. Eastern Busln Office The Tribune build ing. New Tork city; "The Rcokery." Chicago; the S. C. Eeckwith specl agency. New Tork. For sale In San Pranclsco by J. K. Cooper. Tfl Market street, .tear the Palace hotel, and M Goldsmith Bros.. 2JC Sutler street. For sale In Chlcacs by th P. O. News Co.. ZXJ Dearborn street. TODAY'S WEATHER. Threatening with possibly 6bowers, northerly winds. POttTLAXD, SATURDAY, MAY 19. The Oregonian -would not be sur prised to see the census of 1900 result In the enumeration of 500,000 people within the State of Oregon. Registra tion has closed with an approximate total of 96,000 voters. In 1895 we cast 53,850 votes for President, and the state census of the preceding year showed a population of 362,513. This gives us a multiplier of 4.32. An electorate of 90,000 would give us a population of 414,720, But the registration in Mult nomah County does not exceed S8 per cent of tho voters, and the percentage Is undoubtedly lower in the country districts. If 96,000 voters are only 88 per cent of the whole body of voters, we must have a population. If the ratio of voters to Inhabitants is the same as In 1896, of 404,480. But it Is well known that the census of 1895 was gravely de fective. In some progressive counties its figures showed a decline, even from the imperfect enumeration made in 1890. At that time a full enumeration would doubtless have shown five In habitants for every voter. Doubtless that is a lair ratio today. And if we have 100,000 voters, we have 500,000 people. There are other reasons to expect a considerable gain. The decade has been one of considerable immigration. Min ing districts, timber lands and agri cultural sections have been filling up in steady and noteworthy volume. It is not too much to estimate the In crease as in a ratio "like that prevailing -from I860 to 1870, which was 73.30 per cent, or that from 1880 to 1890, which was 79.53 per cent, if not even that from 1870 to 1SS0, which was 92.22 per cent. we had a heavy immigration between 1SS5 and 1890, but not larger, perhaps, than that between 1895 and 1900. The Federal census returns for Oregon since 1850 are these: 10 C2.4Cr.USS0 174.70S 1870 OO.iKUilbOO 318,707 If the population of the state has fciSFeased at the ratio prevalent be tween 1SG0 and 1870, It is now 543,000. Jf it has Increased at the ratio preva lent between I860 and 1890. it is now 563,000. If it has Increased at the ratio prevalent between 1870 and 1SS0, it is now 603,000. If Oregon has today a population of 500,000, the rate of In crease over 1890 has been only 59 per cent, a lower rate than prevailed in Ne braska, Colorado or Minnesota between 1880 and 1890, or about the rate shown between 1880 and 1890 by such old es tablished communities as Cleveland, Buffalo or Detroit. The only ques tion is, therefore, whether the enumer ators will find the people. So far, there i3 every reason to expect that the work will bo well done. Republican candidates for the Legis lature are coming out In favor of the direct primary nomination scheme ad vocated by Mr. Ed Bingham. His draft f of the bill may not be their draft, but u inn ul sume son lootting in mat di rection will be offered at Salem this "Winter and advocated. This is a good time to remind every one who contem plates taking part In this movement that real and bogus primary reform will .have to be very sharply distin guished. The object of direct primary nominations is not simply and solely to- purify primaries through registra tion of voters and secret ballot. It is primarily and principally to enact a scheme of primary nominations, under whose operation the rank and file of the party will select its candidates. It will eliminate the machine and do away with nominating conventions, where delegates are handled by the bosses like pawns upon the chessboard. It will signify little if the Australian ballot and registration of party voters is ex tended to the primary elections, leaving the party "leaders" free to select the delegates on the day of the primaries as now, and frame a slate of candidates the night before the convention. The object is to let all the members of the party vote for whomsoever they prefer as nominees, and the county officers will have to put the winning candidates and no others on the ballots election day as the nominees of the party. This is Mr. Bingham's scheme. The Oregonian supports It now, and will support It when the Legislature meets. But it does not support Mr. Bingham for the Legislature. It supports Mr. Dresser, and every other Republican lomlnce for the Legislature, because it is absolutely necessary for the safety and henor of the Pacific Coast that Oregon send men to the House of iepresentatlves and to the Senate of tneTJnited States who are solid as a rock for the gold standard and forPa cific expansion. The Oregonian sup ports Mr. Dresser, and when he brings in his bill for primary reform. The Oregt nian will tell him plainly whether it !js a measure of genuine reform or a mere pretense designed to perpetuate the present machine system. There are three things for the voter to bear In mind June 4. One Is that he is votiog for the gold standard cr free silver on every office. The second Is that he Is voting for or against Pa- . ciflc development on every office. The filrd Is that overs alleged Independent Republican candldato has come out In lenace to the gold standard and Pa cific expansion, with the sole excuse that he lost the nomination and wants 16 office. What wouId-Mayor Storey's or Captain. Greenleaf's opinion of In dependents be if he had got away with the nomination and Rowe and McB-on-ell were running independent? OREGON'S GOLD INDUSTRY. After many years of experiment, gold mining in Oregon has settled down to development on a large scale. Until a comparatively recent date our prog ress was dlscouragingly slow. Many factors contributed to this condition. It was long contended, even by mining engineers of repute, that the ore bodies of Eastern Oregon lacked depth, and that, if they attained it, they carried no profitable values. Seven or eight years ago, when a period of exploita tion seemed about to begin, the finan cial crash came and Investors were scared away' from the Pacific Coast. Simultaneously, rich discoveries fol lowed In Colorado, and engrossed the attention of mining men, and the East ern Oregon gold belt was left to Itself. The investigations of engineers and the development work of the past four years have demonstrated beyond doubt that in Eastern Oregon are the largest and richest gold fields in the world. It has been proved that the ore bodies go down, and that profitable mining can be done at a depth of 2000 or 2500 feet, and probably 3000 feet. Values In crease, not decrease, with depth. In the big properties, every 100 feet of sinking adds 30 per cent to the value of the rock. The great size of the mineralized country and the extent and richness of the ore bodies having been demonstrat ed, abundant capital has become avail able in Europe and America, and de velopment is proceeding on approved modern lines. The tunnel has done Its work in defining the ledges and the shaft is being sent downward to reach the high values and block out the ore. In Eastern Oregon, as well as in "West ern Oregon, quartz mining is essentially a matter of depth. The rich values are deep, below the 400-foot levels and the line of oxidization. Mining on this scale Is not for the poor man. It is the task of capital. To open a property to the degree that will establish its value and permanency requires between $50, 000 and $60,000. That money is obtaln ble for this expensive class of work Is evidence of the faith of capitalists in the worth of our mines. While much has been done in the past and still more will be done this year, Oregon has not yet arrived at the dignity of a mining state, except in the single sense that It has vast mineral resources. It is development that makes mines, and we are now develop ing. The work that makes mines re mains practically undone. We are scratching the surface preparatory to the great task In store. The quartz properties in Oregon that can be classed as mines may be counted on the fingers of one's hands. The Colum bia, the North Pole, the Golconda, the Red Boy and the Bonanza, in Eastern Oregon, are of the few that have at tained any considerable depth, and they are arranging to go deeper. All the others are in the initial stage of development. Contrasted with Colo rado, we do not cut much figure as a mining community. That state has sixty-eight properties which the Engi neering and Mining Journal lists as dividend-paying mines, and the divi dends they have paid to date amount to over 513.000.-000. "West of the Rocky Mountains, including Alaska, there are less than a dozen dividend-payers. This la partly due to the fact that many of our principal enterprises are privately owned and are not stocked, and conse quently make no statements of their profits. The satisfactory element in the pres ent situation Is that our mineral re sources east and west of the Cascades have been proved to be worthy of In vestment, and that they are at last re ceiving from capitalists the attention they merit. They can no longer be passed over for Klondike, Cape Nome, Cassiar, Atlin, British Columbia or some other locality possessing the charm of distance. An era of develop ment has begun In Oregon, and our mines will be wealth producers for many generations. BEGIXTVIXG TO COLLAPSE. Tho announcement of the relief of Mafeking, the occupation of Hoopstad, the advance of General Buller's force to Newcastle, are assurance that the end of the Boer war Is not far off. Mafeking has been In a state of siege by the Boers since the last week of October, 1899. It has been stoutly de fended by a small force under Colonel Baden-Powell against some 5000 Boers, who could have taken It long ago if their leaders could have persuaded their men to charge the English in trenchments. But the Boers have not discipline enough for that kind of work, so for six months they have vainly en deavored to starve Mafeking into sur render. When the Boers, October 12, 1S99, in vaded Natal and forced the British to evacuate Newcastle, they sent at the same time expeditions against Kim berley and Mafeking. KImberley was relieved by Lord Roberts' turning movement, which resulted In the cap ture of General Cronjo's army and the occupation of Bloemfonteln, but Mafe king, which is 223 miles north of KIm berley, has been obliged to wait for re lief until Tuesday last, when the Boers raised the siege. The advance of Gen eral Hunter's force of some 20,000 men, including the forces of General Me thuen, added to the pressure of Lord Roberts' main army, made It necessary to concentrate the whole Boer force for the defense of the Transvaal, so that the Boers before Mafeking proba bly did not wait for the actual arrival of the column of relief for Mafeking. As soon as the railroad is repaired to the Vaal River, Mafeking can be made a point of departure for a movement on Pretoria, from which It Is not more than 150 miles distant, or else against the railway from Klerksdorp to Johan nesburg. But under the existing cir cumstances no time will be wasted In such a movement, for the Boers are evidently not able to make any stand on the Vaal River, and with the ad vance of General Hunter's forces under General Methuen at Hoopstad. with Lord Roberts at Kroonstad, and Gen eral Buller at Newcastle, which is but thirty-three miles from Laing's Nek, Mafeking has ceased to be of any mili tary importance. The situation today looks very black for the Boers. It is doubtful whether any stubborn stand Is made, even be fore Pretoria. Since the 1st of March the Boers have been dispossessed of Natal, which they held from the line of the Tugela River to the Drakens berg mountains; and they have been dispossessed of nearly the whole of the J Orange Free State. There are many signs of military collapse, even in the Transvaal. General Bundle's division is moving up behind Lord Roberts' right wing; General Hunter is moving up to his left wing, while General Bul ler Is at the gates of the Transvaal, in Natal; so that when Roberts starts again from Kroonstad he will hardly stop short of Pretoria. Lord Roberts at Kroonstad Is but eighty miles from Viljoen's Drift, on the Vaal, and but 160 miles from Pretoria. The moment JVan Reenen's Pas? and Lalngs Nek are cleared of the enemy, Lord Roberts will have a shorter line of railway supply from Durban Into the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, as It is but about 300 miles from Durban to Bethlehem and Laing's Nek, while it is 5S0 miles from Port Elizabeth to Kroonstad. In his advance on Kroon stad his army moved in ten days 125 miles, and on one day twenty miles were covered, and the railroad advance Is but a day's march In the rear of the van. No wonder, under these military circumstances, the Boer cause begins to give signs of woe that all is lost. COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR COLONIAL. SERVICE. The first step toward reform of the civil service In India was taken by Lord Cllve in 1766. This great man saw that the government of the East India Company Invited corruption by paying very low salaries and conniving at the indirect gains of the agents. The pay of a member of th'i Council was only $1500 a year, when it was no torious that he could not live in India for less than ten times that sum. Cllve said men of even average abilities would not consent to pass the best years of their lives In exile under a burning sun for no other consideration than meager wages; they would be sure. to enrich themselves by Indirect methods. Cllve said it was absurd to clothe men with great power and then expect them to live in penury. So he gave every British functional' In India a salary charged against the Indian revenue, which enabled him to slowly but surely acquire a competence. The reforms established by Clive were but a first step in the direction of wise and just government in India. It took many years to reach Its present condition, where the transient civil service reform enforced by the will and autocratic regulations of a very able Governor-General has been replaced by an elaborate code for the civil service in India, which was not enacted until 1853, when Sir Charles Wood, president of the Board of Control for India, pro posed to Parliament that a nomination for the civil service of India should thenceforward become the reward of industry and ability instead of being the price of political support, or the appanage of private interest and fam ily connection. As early as 1833 Ma caulay had imported into the India bill of that year clauses which rearranged the system of appointment to the civil service en the basis of competition; but the directors of tUe East India Company made so hard a struggle to retain their enormous patronage that Macaulays reform clauses were de feated. In support of severe competitive ex amination for the India cl,vil service provided by the India bill of 1853,, Ma caulay made the last speech of his Parliamentary life. In substance, he argued against giving the Governor General an unlimited power of appoint ing whom he chose, saying that the day when the civil service of India ceases to be a close service will be the beginning of a day of jobbing the most monstrous, the most extensive and the most perilous system of abuse in the distribution of patronage ever wit nessed. Every Governor-General would have a crowd of nephews, cousins, friends, sons of friends and political hangers-on; every steamer would bring some adventurer bringing testimonials from people of Influence from England. "These would be appointed without the least acquaintance with the character or habits of the natives, and with only such knowledge of the language as would enable them to call for another bottle of pale ale." In his support of the proposal that admissions to the civil service of India should be distrib uted according to the result of an open competitive examination, Macaulay vigorously replied to Lord Ellenbor ough, who held that the proficiency of a young man in those pursuits which constitute a liberal education is not only no indication that he la likely to make a figure In after life, but that it positively raises a presumption that he will be passed by those he overcame in these early contests. Lord Ellen borough thought that young men who gained distinction in such pursuits are likely to turn out dullards utterly unfit for an active career. Macaulay maintained that the gen eral rule Is that men who are first In the competition of the schools have been first in the competition of the world represented by the church, the bar, political life and civil administra tion, and said it was no answer to say that you can point to a few men of great powers who, having Idled In their youth, afterwards exerted themselves to retrieve lost time. Under a system of competition, every man struggles to do his best, and the consequence is tha, without any effort on part of the examiner, the standard keeps itself up. Macaulay treated with contempt the superstition that proficiency in learning implies want of energy and force of character, and was still more scornful when he made passing allusion to the theory that success In study Is gener ally attended by physical weakness and dearth of animal spirits and courage. He admitted that no system of severe scholastic examinations was an infalli ble test of what men will prove to be In life, but that they were tests were proved by the fact that In Parliament, at the bar, at the bench. In the church, those who attain high distinction in the world were generally distinguished in their academic career. The India bill of 1853 was enacted, with its severe system of competitive examinations, and the experience of nearly fifty years has proved that Ma caulay was right when he .said that It was absurd to argue that "a young fellow who can get the heart out of a book and concentrate his faculties over a paper of questions must needs be less able to lead a forlorn hope or take charge of a famine-stricken district than the son of a person of fashion who has the ear of a Minister, or the nephew of an influential constituent who owns twenty public houses in a parliamentary borough." Announcement of a 3-cent passenger tariff by the Northern Pacific on Its Oregon and Washington lines Is a tes timony not only to the enterprise of that railroad, but to the increasing vol ume gf North Pacific traffic, a year ago the Northern Pacific reduced its rates from S cents to 4 cents a mile, and tho sequel was an Increase In local earnings. Its management doubtless has the confidence to expect a like re ward for the present cut to 3 cents. The new tariff takes effect July 1. Doubtless by that time the other roads will have followed suit. The change will put these two states on a par with the Middle States and with some of the Eastern states. A better advertisement for the growth and, progress of this country could not be framed. It will show the East that Oregon and Wash ington are no longer new communities, but thriving" centers of Industry and settled business conditions. If we can hold to the gold standard and pursue our manifest opportunities In the Ori ent, our future Is assured. It 19 a curious fact, according to Brit ish authority, that the antiquated flint lock musket, with which Blenheim was won by Marlborough in 1706, was deemed good enough for "Wellington's troops when facing the French sharp shooters In Spain and at "Waterloo, and It remained the army weapon until the year 1842, In spite of the fact that Ber thollet had invented the principle of percussion as early as 1788, and Forsyth had patented his percussion cap in this country in 1807. General Hanger, a British officer, who had a command during the American War of Independ ence, in his book published In 1314 has this to say of the soldier'B musket then furnished to the troops fighting against American and French sharpshooters: "A soldier's musket. If riot exceedingly ill-bored and very crooked, as many are, will strike the figure of a man at 80 yards, lt"may even at 100, but an enemy must be very unfortunate Indeed who shall be wounded by a com mon musket at 150 yards, provided his antagonist alms at him; and as to firing at a man at 200 yards with a common musket, you may just as well fire at the moon, and have the same hopes of hitting your object. I do maintain, and I will prove whenever called on, that no man was ever killed at 200 yards by a common soldier's musket by the person who aimed at him." "Why Is it those who pose as humani tarians and promoters of the best there is In man always believe the worst about him whenever the evidence Is conflicting? A few men have brought from Manila horrible stories about the conduct of our soldiers and the conditions there as to moral ity since our Army went there as compared to previous conditions, and though at least equally relia ble men dispute these statements and official reports contradict them, the sentimentalists accept unreservedly the worst statements as being the true ones, and fill the air with denunciations of their fellow-Americans. Is it possi ble that none but the offscourings of the Nation are in the Army, or are these alleged moral lepers fairly rep resentative of the whole people of the United States? Either one of these conclusions is true, or we are driven to the alternative of disbelieving the hor rible stories these goody-goody senti mentalists repeat and reacclalm with so much unction. Finally, is it posi tive proof of superior purity on the part of the speaker when, he accuses his fellow-cltlzens of unspeakable rot tenness? Tho Norwegian steamship Thyra, carrying over 6000 tons bf cargo and 600 tons of bunker coal, and drawing 24 feet 1 inch, reached Astoria Thursday afternoon, ten hours out from Portland. The steamer Is still at Astoria, although she was coaled and ready for sea on arrival there Thursday afternoon. This delay certainly has the appearance of Inviting another resolution from the Common Council of the City of Astoria, as It leaves no doubt whatever as to the exact point In the river where the greatest delays occur. Geheral "Weaver has so long been a champion of bogus money that It Is quite in his line to lift his silvery voice for bogus Populism. In his Oregon campaign tour the General could de vote his time quite profitably to giving to an Interested public the details of the great Sioux Falls Populist sell-out to the Democracy. One of the gratifying features of the campaign Is the prosperous candidacy of Major Kennedy for the office of Clerk of the Circuit Court. In his case we have the rare coincidence of great popularity, conceded capacity and effi cient party service. His majority will be handsome and his administration exemplary. There is an excuse for independent candidates when the party has betrayed principles to which it and justice are committed. But there Is no excuse when the sole complaint against the ticket is that somebody else got away .with the nomination. Social labor must be an Improvement upon the hard and grinding toll by which most of us gain a livelihood. Possibly It is carried on around a table with 'a shelf beneath and a slit in the center. Howard, of Alabama is here to help his fellow-Populists brush off the ver min. Slxteen-to-One Smith may find himself in the coal oil can when How ard is through. Governor Smith's protest should have a revenue stamp affixed. The Govern ment ought to get something besides trouble out of this Montana affair. Portland is getting so she can swal low a new candidate for Mayor or the Legislature without batting an eye. There is nothing new under the sun, except candidates. An Influence for Creed Revision. Chicago Tribune. An influence that will be found in favor of revision of the creed cf the Presbyter.an church is that of the home missionaries. One of these men writes to the Evangelist declaring that he is hampered in his work by his creed. He labors in a section where Presbyterlanlsm 13 little known. The missionary was about to organize a church, when a minister of another de nomination came there. "He took the ob jectionable sections of our Confession of Faith, read them before the people, and told them that we believed 'God created men to damn them for his own glory.' " The missionary says that when he was asked to explain he had to admit that the statements which had been read were In the Confession, but said that the Pres byterians of today understood them In a different way, and that members of the church were not required to i.ecept the Confession of Faith. 'The explanation was not accepted, and the attempt to organize a Presbyterian Cburcb failed, while on the ground that had been tilled first by the Presbyterian the missionary of the other denomination formed a strong church. It seems d.fflcult to believe that the compe tition between home missionaries of the different denominations can be to keen as would appear from this incident. Yet, if it is so sharp, it can be understood easily that the Presbyterians are at a disadvan tage in having a creed that most people would believe harsh, and that many Pres byterian preachers find it necessary to de fend. The missionary suggests that either the workers should be allowed to say that the statements in the Confession of Fait hare untrue or- that they have been eliminated. Otherwise he urges that a new creed Is needed If the Presbyterian church expects to succeed in new fields against denominational rivalry. OUR SOLDIERS IN MANILA. Useful Hints to Unfriendly Critics of Oar Army. Chaplain Charles C Pierce, of the Un.ted States Army, who has been with the troops In Luzon since February 4, 1S99, has made an official report to Adjutant-General Corbln upon the physical and moral welfare of the American sol diers In the Philippines. He says: "I have been pained to note In many alleged Interviews In newspapers a dispo sition to give to the facts but a partial publication. I have read the statement that but two euloons existed in Manila at the time of Its occupation by the Amer icans. As I first saw tho city only eight days later I can say that this figure 'a too small: and although It is a fact that more public saloona exist today, it Is also true that there are not so many of them as to Involve a net Increase In the number of places In Manila where liquor may be procured, but. on the contrary", a diminu tion. The truth la (and I have not yet seen a statement of this fact in any newspaper purporting to give an Interview with per sons who have returned from there) that the American saloon has superseded some thing else. What It has superseded Is a most Important question in this Interest ing controversy. "When I first saw Manila the streets were practically lined with little nlpa huts, perhaps about 12 feet square, In which the natives were selling at merely nominal prices not only fruit and tobacco, but also native gin. These 'gin shacks', should certainly be Included In the number of drinking places existing at tho beginning, and their number was very large. The character of thla native liquor was so fiery and villainous that Its effect upon such of our men as used It was deplorable. It be came my duty to bury two soldiers who never recovered from the effects of drink ing It. One of them had been in the serv ice about 18 years, and received from his officers in personal conversation with me a commendation so flattering with re gard to his character for sobriety and sol dierly honor that It might bs coveted by any man. He had never been a drunkard, but this native poison was so virulent In Its effect that he became maddened, and lingered in his delirium a whole week, never having recovered his reaeon at the time of his death. "Our authorities set to work to restrict this traffic, by a system which finally re sulted In its prohibition. I am not per sonally an advocate of any saloon, but I am forced to give my testimony that the substitution of the regimental canteen, in which only beer was sold. In place of this traffic In native gin, resulted in a most Im mediate and perceptible improvement In the sobriety of the troops. "The whole history of our occupation of Manila has been one of development and progress along physical. Intellectual and moral lines, and I believe that no man could refuse to admit it had he been per mitted to see the progrees of this work and to be admitted, to some slight extent. Into the confidence of those who are en couraged. I am sure that the desire of the authorities would Involve the further diminution of these saloons by some grad ual process. "The critics of those who have this work In charge may have a share In the Im provement of our men. which is more practical than mere criticism. In the flret place they should see to It that some pro vision Is made through Congress for fur nishing a chaplain for each regiment sta tioned there, so that religious and moral Instruction may persistently be given to all of our troops. In the eecond place, their contributions ought to be given to those who have In mind the establishment of reading-rooms and clubhouses for sol diers, so that men may find some other place, furnished by Christian people, which is as bright and as attractive to them in their leisure hours as the saloon Itself. These measures will doubtless serve to lessen greatly tho attendance at saloons, and I conceive it to be the duty of the American people. In behalf of the men whom they have sent forth, to hold their territory and fight their battles (as brave and noble and true a body of men n pwr stood in the defense of any na tion), to make sacrifices, if need be, to Insure the establishment of such agencies as may, along tho line of moral suasion and religious Influence, counteract more baneful agencies and supplant lower In stincts with loftier Ideals." Expansion in the South. New York Commercial Advertiser. An indication of how the manufacturing South will vote next November is given by the great convention of the Southern Cotton Spinners' Asssoclation, in session at Charlotte, N. C. The fallacies and nostrums associated with Bryan's name have no place there, but a body of South ern manufacturers, representing capital amounting to J600.000.000, are in thorougn sympathy with Administration policy, es pecially retention or tne jrmuppines ana the development of trade 'In foreign mar kets. In the course of his address Presi dent McAden said: "We should favor and urge a permanent and vigorous policy on the part of our General Government In favor of the open-door policy with the empire of China, and we should hold and govern the Philippine Islands, which are destined to become the distributing center of the Eastern world." Nothing thus recommended or urged as vital to the con trolling manufacturing interest of the South has the slightest chance of being realized for it unless through support of the Republican party. The open door In China Is a baseless dream to Bryanlsm. and thefinanclal craze In which the Dem ocrats are tangling themselves as badly as ever would make a prosperous manu facturing South Impossible. The conven tion evidently hopes for an Increase of cot ton manufactures for export. Mr. Theo dore Search. In his address, showed that this country spins and weaves only 32 per cent of its own cotton, a state of thlng3 offering the most inviting field of enter prise to manufacturers whose skill In spe cialization Is equal to the resources at their command. Decline of Rnssla's Exportn. Russia Is among the protectionist coun tries that have been sacrificing their agri culturists while fostering manufactures and foreign commerce at the farmers' ex pense. The chief Interest of the country Is agriculture, nine-tenths of the popula tion being peasant farmers, yet the gov ernment's whole attention Is given to other interests. How production Is affect ed by this policy la illustrated In the "de cline of Russian trade." described by Ccnsul-General Holloway of St. Peters burg, In Consular Reports of May 5. Ex ports in the first eight months of 1899 were worth $6S,134,500 less than in the like period of 193, and J58.65S.500 less than in 1S97. The reason for the decline, accord ing to the Novoe Vremya, Is in the di minished production of cereals, which diminution is largely due to the impover ishment of the peasants. To their usual tax burdens famine has been added In recent years, and famine becomes chronic where taxation takes the surplus income required to procure seed and farming implements. The production of wheat in 1SS9 fell off 48 per cent compared, with the production of 1833. Rye fell off 35 per cent and oats 23 per cent. Bad harvests have added to the difficulties due to other causes, Pisarmament and a less aggres- slva foreign policy would put the govern ment In a position to aid the neglected peasants. Referring to the statistics of exports, just quoted, the Novoe Vremya says: "Al this ought to convince us that the agricultural industry is the chief fac tor In our commerce. This Is evident from the total sum of our export trade. Qut of $1S4,215,500, which constitutes, the value of the exports during eight months of 1S9S, more than $9S.S65,000. L e., 53 per cent, dr more than one-half Is derived from food and animal products, while of the remainder a considerable aum Is ob tained from the raw and undressed raate llals. such as olive seeds, flax, htmp, wool, hay, straw, bristles, timber, etc It Is clear, therefore, that agriculture has not loat Its pre-eminent and widespread sig nificance in Russia." Sleee Gardens and Crops. The Spectator. Great though the sufferings of the Lady smith garrison were from want of meat and good bread, the lack of vegetables toward the end of the siege and blockade had even worse results. If the scarcity of any green vegetables, and later or vegetables of any sort, did not cause an outbreak of scurvy among the white the Kaffirs are said to have suffered from It severely It had the worst effect on the general health of the garrison and peo ple, and the want of carrots, onions, tur nips and other pot herbs for making soup, aggravated the nastiness and unpalatable nature of the food which was available. After some four months of siege the only vegetables left were sold at 12 shillings a pound, and a sovereign a tin. The bulk of the garrison simply had no fresh vege table food at all, and suffered accord inclv. The state of 'KImberley was not much better, and It would be difficult to point to a single protracted siege In re cent times In which the stock of fresti vegetable food has not been exhausted long before relief or capitulation. Even Colonel Ward, "the best commissa riat officer since Moses," could not be ex pected to lay In stocks of fresh vege tables for the simple reason that except potatoes and a few other tubers, they will not keep fresh. But modern conditions of war, which add so much to the power of the defensive force, also make It po9-i alble that in very many positions the garrison should be largely self-sustaining In regard to vegetable food, and In some degree In the supply of wheat and oats. The idea Is not new, for when General Phlllppon succeeded to tae command of Badajoz, though In a cold and bleak coun try, he Instantly sowed down all the ground outside the ramparts, so far as It was commanded by h.s guns, with Spring wheat, on the chance that he might reap a crop which would take at least five months to grow and ripen. Money and Fiat. New Orleans Picayune. The Idea that any human power can make something out of nothing Is absurd In the extreme. But that Is what the Issuing of unlimited paper money would be. If It were not backed up by something of adequate and tangible value. Tho his tory of the world Is full of disasters to nations and people from their failure to make good excessive Issues of paper money. The American people l03t all the continental money which was issued to pay tho expenses of the Revolutionary War. The French people lost all of the Immense volume of the asslgnf.ts Issued by the public authorities in their first rev olution. The people of the Southern States of the Tjnlon lost all of of the Con federate money and bonds issued to pay the expenses of their aide in the Civil War. Many other nations have been un able to redeem their excessive Issues of paper money, and the people who held It had to sustain the loss. If tho Populists were able to carry out their extreme Idea of seizing all private property end admin istering It for the general use. then they could claim all the wealth of the Nation as the basis of their paper money; but, until they shall be able to complete such a consummation, the people of the United States will never accept any paper cur rency which it is beyond the ability of their Government to make good. Paper Is credit, and nothing more. Hope for tlie Best. New York Journal of Commerce. Now that the duties on commerce be tween the United States and Porto Rico are settled, the accumulated products of the Island are going out, and we trust that there will be no further complaints of suffering. What suffering there has been we have regarded all along as far more due to last Summer's tornado and tidal wave than to American legislation or the want of It. It cannot ba too often repeated that the main export of the is land is coffee, and if the separation of the island from Spain puts It at aome disad vantage, it remuiua nue uiui iuu.c wu Italy are large consumers of Porto Rlcan cofTee. and that commodity Is on the United States free ll3t. Statistically, it would appear that the commerce of Porto Rico was far more active in the last half of 1899 than it ever was before. The im ports and exports of Porto Rico in 1SS6 and In the first half of the fiscal year 1900 were as follows: Imports. Exports. Year 18S6 $3,656,378 $3,668,351 Half-year 1900 5,254,712 2.845.9S0 The imports are at the rate of $10,500,000 a year, and the exports at the rate of more than $5,000,000. which show a total commercial movement more than double that In 1SS6. Ilnnna Says "Mpst" to the Senate. New York Journal. IVlth symptom of baffled rage Senator Hanna has thrust his $9,000,000 subsidy steal in his inside pocket, where it will remain until the next session of Congress, In doing this the Republican boss is said to have exclaimed: "That bill must and shall pass at the next sessslon." If this country Is td be coerced Into presenting $9,000,000 a year to Senator Hanna and his friends, In heaven's name let us make It In the shape of an outright gift, and not at the point of a Senatorial robber's pis tol, or through a subterfuge calculated to deceive the public "When Senator Hanna says the Senate "shall" do this, that or the other thing, he means 1L He is In a position to whip that body Into line sim ply because Senators are not elected by the people, and half of them cannot call their political souls their own. The ship subsidy steal will doubtless pass at the the next session, along with other subsidy schemes of evil import. In the end it may be a good thing. It takes just this kind of barefaced looting to arouse the peo ple Into action. And when the people take the Senatorial question Into the'i own hands, Senators like Hanna will whistle very small when It comes to say ing what the Senate shall or shall not do. Xot "Worlc, hnt "Worry. Inez ifay Felt In So-nmerville Journal. It Is not the work, bup the worry. That wrinkles the smooth, fair face. That blends gray hairs with the dusky. And robs the form of Its grace; That dims the luster and sparkle Of eyes that were once so bright. But now are heavy and troubled. With a weary, despondent life. It Is not the work, but the worry. That drives. all Eleep'away, As we toss and turn and wonder About the cares of the day. Do we think of the hands' hard labor Or the steps of the tired feet? Ah I no. but we plan and ponder How to make both ends meet. It Is not the work, but the worry. That makes us sober and sad. That make3 us narrow and sordid. When wo should be cheery and glad. There's a shadow before the sunlight. And ever a cloud in the blue. The scent of the roses is tainted. The notes of the song are untrue. It Is not the work, but the worn't That makes the world grow ld. That numbers the years of its children Ere half their story Is told; That weakens their faith in heaven And the wisdom of God's ireat plan. Ah! 'tis not the work, but the worry, That breaks tbo heart of man. NOTE AND COMMENT. . t , Are we going to celebrate the Fourth? The Chinese Boxersfseem to he still S the ring. . It does not always take a fast maa to catch quick consumption. Is patriotism too expansive to bein-, dulged In this year of grace? Governor Smith, of Montana, shcid ba reminded that there's no place like home. Independence day comes on July 4 thl year. There 13 still time left to get ready for a celebration. One Borchgrevinck promises to surprise the world. He probably expects to demOH strate that he can pronounce his name. Can't we have a proper observance oC the anniversary of the birth of American Independence unless Dan McAHen Is In town? The Republicans of Kentucky, it ap pears, have been holding a convention. There must have been a jail-break down there. The Brltlsh-born residents are arrang ing to observe the Queen's birthday. What are the American-born citizens going t do about the Fourth of July? The footpad's victim shuddered violently. 'Poor fellow, you are cold," said the humane thug, and he covered him wlthi his pistol. Jones That street-car man who was dis charged for knocking down, was struck by lightning the other day. Brown Did It kill him? Jones No; never phased him. Hewaa't a good conductor. We all of us know the end-seat hoff. Who rides In the trolley car. Who alts In his seat like a bump on a-loem And sticks to the end like tart We've all of us climbed across his feet And stumbled and tripped and swore As Tre fell to a place on an inside scat With our shins and our feelings soro. We'vo all of us seen his haughty glare When he's asked if he'll please move on. And we've heard him haggle about his far And threaten to "queer" the "con". We've all of us wondered, as we gazea At the ways of this Ill-bred gent. If they didn't teach manners where ha waa raised. Or was he born Insolent? We're all of us hoping that he will die. And If some one will tell us where They'll hold the funeral of this guy. We'll all of us be right there. GIVK THE PEOPIjE THE POWER. Illinois Also Furnishes Evidence aa to Election of Senators. Chicago Times-Herald. Hardly had Senator Cullom received hia Indorsement when It was said that the Tan- nerltes had resolved to defeat him througtt. the agency of a Legislative deadlock. They counted on enough adherents to prevent his election, and relied on the Quay pre cedent to prevent his appointment by the Govermr. This they declared would serve: him right because he had betrayed thei pec-ple in voting for Quay. As It Is a far cry to next Winter the plot may be accepted with reservations, but it will direct attention to a sin of omission for which the platform-makers at Peoria are responsible. Why was nothing said about the popular election of Senators I That there Is a popular demand for this change Is apparent everywhere. It has been heard in the East and In the West. Conventions of all parties have responded to It and so have State Legislatures. The very scheme that Tanner Is credited with, proposing is an argument for the reform In spite of the poetic justice which tbe Governor decries In the punishment of the Senator. For the people are weary oC deadlocks, whether they, are intended to serve a private grudge or" to promote brib ery and corruption. If the character of the representation were to be altered there might be some hesitation at a radical departure from the Constitution, but nothing of the sort Is proposed. The Senator will represent the state at large as he does now, and he will represent it In a broader sense if he is chosen by the people direct than he pos sibly can after the trades of a Legislative contest. That being the case there is no good reason why the abuses of the present unsatisfactory system should be endured, any longer. It Is to be hoped that what the Illinois Republican convention failed to do will be well done by the National Republican Con vention In an unequivocal declaration. With all their absurdities the Populist are right on this question, and the Demo crats will surely follow their example. If the Republicans are wise they will mako the demand unanimous, and when this is done the Senate Itself will hardly dare to oppose tho change as It has In the past. PliEASAKTRIES OP PARAGRAPHERS There are twenty-ono locomotives in New Jersey maintaining evening schools, with a, total enrollment of 12,103 pupils. Exchanso Item. "De man dat nebber kicks an' de man dafc kicks all de time." said Uncle Eben. "is both mlghtly U'ble to git no 'tentlon paid to 'em." Washington Star. Uoli ll)0 Billings Tou are thq0last man to play tha races. What do you know about horseflesh, anyway? Stlllson I ought to know a good deal about it I was In tho army, and lived on salt horso for months at a time. Boston Transcript Carried to Extremes. "Tes. I know the Gov ernor very well." said the shoemaker. "Ivo mado his shoes for years." "He's awruuy self-assertive, I hear." remarked the other. "Do you find him so?" "Tc3. Indeed. Ha won't wear anything but a V-toed shoe." Chi cago Evening Foat Another Suspicion. "What did the teacher tell about today?" asked the boy who had run away from school. "About Samson and. the way a lady cut his hair," answered the boy. "I dori't believe it. It's another of tha stories these Schley people hae gotten up." Washington Star. The editor was good-natured. He condescend ed to read the manuscript. "Not halt bad,' he said, finally, "but don't you think you'va carried this Joke a bit too far?" "Well, yes," the humorist replied; "Ju3t about the limit I should say. This Is the fourteenth floor. I be lieve, and the elevator Isn't running." Phila delphia Record. Son-y of the White Men. mudyard Kipling's latest poem, published, in the Bloemfonteln Friend, April 9.) New, this Is the cup the white men drink When they go to right a wrong. And that Is the cup of the Old World's hate Cruel and strained and strong. We have drunk that cup and a bitter, bitter cup And tossed the dregs away; But well for the world when the WTilte aien drink To the daw of the White Man s day. Now. this Is the road that the White Man tread Wthen they go to clean a land Irqn under foot and levin overhead. And tho deep on either hand. We have trod that road and a wet and windy road Our chosen star for guide; O. well for the world when the White Men tread Its highways side by side. Now. this is the faith that the White Men hold When they build their homes afar: "Freedom for ourselves and freedom for our sons. And, falling freedom, War." We have proved our faith bear witness to oar faith And ours has been the pain. Dear souls, for the world, when the White Men Join To prove their faith again. k -I f -