Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 9, 1900)
J "a ?!&' S-"-"1 - 10 THE MOBNING OBEGONIAN, .WEDNESDAY, MAY 9, 1900. GOLDEN AGE OF GERMAN LITERATURE (CuVJilgbt. 1000, bygcyaioar EatonQ THE OREGONIAN'S HQMESTUDYCIRCLE: DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON GOLDEN AGES OF LITERATURE 3CCGOET.HE AXD THE GOLDEX AGE OF GERMAN IiITEH.A!TDItE. BY ARTHUR H. PALMES, SI. A. (Professor or German literature, Tale Univer sity.) Of the literatures of Europe the German was the last to have Its golden age. The four other great European, nations succeed ed one the other, hut all preceded Ger many In making their finest contributions to modern culture. A vivid sketch of this general movement made some years ago Sjy a notable German essayist, Karl Hille- brand, may be condensed In outline as fol lows: During and Immediately after the break ing up of the Ideal unity of medieval lite and thought, Italy led the -way by her rediscovery and use of the treasure of Greek art and literature; Spain followed, imposing herself upon and dominating lit erary "ope 10 less than: religious and politic Jurope. Though now the reform ation wise In Germany, It -was England that shattered the rule of Spain and be came the leader of European thought and letters. Bacon and Shakespeare taught imen in defiance of all tradition and au thority to observe and record, as they are the facts of Nature, physical or moraL Next, under the leadership of France, Europe "went on to complete the work which the English had begun, of making human reason supreme In religion, politics, art. Thus, then, in letters and thought we see In successive sway over Europe Ital ian humanism giving way to Spanish dog matism, this enforcement of tradition and authority yielding to English empiricism, end the latter breaking down its practical limits and merging into French rational ism. The turn of Germany lo lead and. to con tribute came at last. The golden age of its primacy extends In its broader limits from the year 1748 to about 1X50, or more narrowly from about 1TC0 to 1S23. The gol den gift of German literature, philosophy and science during this period to the mod ern -world Is the Idea of organism. Syn thesis, the individual, spontaneity, devel opment, comparison these are the terms wherein the Germans have led us tc think organism not mechanism. If our rapid introductory survey has so far seemed philosophic, abstract, it has at least this justification, that during all the period we are now approaching philosophy nourished In Germany no less than poet ry, and both were there and then inter related and reciprocally Influential to a degree unknown at any other time or in any other land. That the great classical period of mod ern German letters came so late has Its sufficient explanation in the SO years' war 161S-1W8. This set Germany back fully 200 years in comparison "with France and England. The Germany of the 16th cen tury was In material prosperity and social refinement probably superior to the Eng land and the France of that age, and the nation was essentially one in its intel lectual culture. The -work of repression and dissolution begun by the religious and political reac tion of the second half of the ICth cen tury -was completed -with disastrous thoroughness by the SO years' -war, -which destroyed nearly all the national forces of Germany material, social. Intellectual, moral. It may here suffice to state that not until about the year 1S50 did Ger many again possess the actual, absolute amount of capital and of material pros perity -which existed before 1G1S, and that the spiritual Impoverishment of the sec ond half of the 17th century -was scarcely lea? in degree than the material exhaus tion thus proved. Gorman literature of the early 16th century had been essen tially national, popular, original. A little more than a century later the thread of historical continuity had been severed, the widest possible gulf opened between the people and -what there then -was of lit erature, and this itself had come to be servilely imitative of foreign models. In short, -while the material and spirit ual growth of England and France had been and continued to be steadily pro gressive, it was as if Germany right after IMS had to recreate both nationality and literature. This -was, indeed, a stu pendous task, the accomplishment ot which is not the least Interesting part of modern history. The details of the slow and unimpres sive foundation-laying that lasted for more than a century -wo must here leave unconsidered, passing at once to the mid dle of the ISth century, when there ap peared tho Immediate beginnings of mod ern German literature. Goethe has writ ten: "The first real living content, true and high, came into German literature through Frederick the Great and the deeds of the seven years' war." That is to say, as the causes and results of the SO years' war had drained and deadened national llfo and literature, so now the causes and results of the seven years' war (1765 C3) brought vital energy In abounding measure to both, and the outcome In the latter was the golden ago of German lit erature. Tho characteristic writers of the age may bo conveniently divided Into three main groups, which follow one another at intervals of about 20 years. To the first group belong Klopstock, Wieland. Leas ing. Wlnckelmann. Kant. Moses Mendels sohn. With the exception of Kant, their influence was exerted by works published between the years 1750 and 1770. In the second group are Herder, Goethe. Schil ler, Voss, Kllnger, Burger, most of whose work In creating and guiding was done between 1770 and 1SO0. The notable mem bers of the third group, whose principal writings determined the romanticism of the first quarter of the 19th century, are the Brothers Schlcgel and TIeck, the Brothers Humboldt, Nlebuhr and Savlgny. Of all tho Important later writers up to tho middle of the 19th century, it may be said that essentially they used only the great ideas, theories and art principles of the above described groups. Of commanding pre-eminence among all those names are those of the six great poet minds whom a kind Providence equipped with transcendent creative genius and lavished within so short a time upon tho German people. Most naturally do these six writers arrange themselves In three complementary pairs Klopstock and Wieland, Lessing and Herder, Goethe and Schiller. After Tather summary treat ment of the first two pairs, we shall at tempt a pregnant characterization of him whom so many look upon as the greatest man of modem times, and reserve for a following brief article's discussion of his companion, tho first dramatist of Ger many. Friedr'ch Gottlieb Klopstock was born in 172 at Quedllnburg. He studied theol ogy 1745 to 174S at the Universities of Lelpzlg and Jena. In 1751 the art-loving king. Frederids V of Denmark, called him to Copenhagen, and there Klopstock remained 20 years. After the death of his patron he lived almost continuously in or near Hamburg, where, in 1803, he died, honored as the patriarch of modern Ger nan literature. His fame rests upon his many lyric poems and mainly upon his masterpiece, "The Messiah." nominally a religious epic in 20 cantos, singing Christ's dea.th, resurrection and ascension, the chief beauties of which, however, are also lyrics in their nature. Indeed, as regards the form and style of his great work. Klopstock ought never to have been called the German Milton: he Is rather a literary Bach or Handel, and his work a literary oratorio in Its profuse blending of lyric arias and dramatic choruses with epic recitative. Christoph Martin Wieland was born near Blberach in Wurtemberg in 1723 and died in 1S13 at Weimar, whither he was called by Duchess Amalla in 1772 as tutor of her sons. His youthful writings, influenced by Klopstock and Plato, were followed by a period of revulsion from their pletistic strain to delight In the world and the pleasures of sense. Finding the golden mean, he was at the height of his power during the first decade of his residence in Weimar. His notable no els are "Aga thon" (VICS), "The Inhabitants of Abdera" (1774), and "Peregrinus Proteus" (1791). He wrote many comic tales in verse, an eplc dldactic poem, "Musarion" (17GS, and other shorter and longer epics in verse. He first naturalized Shakespeare in Ger many by translating in prose a large por tion of his plays. Wieland's masterpiece is the romantic epic "Oberon" (17S0), in which chivalry, the Orient and fairy lore are charmingly interwoven. By his own writings and his long edi torship of a popular literary Journal Wie land made German stjle more fluent and elegant, won over the higher classes from French to German literature and popu larized English and French philosophy. The mature Klopstock was more national, religious. Idealistic and withal English In his literary sympathies, Wieland was healthily cosmopolitan, rationalistic, real istic and appreciative of Frelch excellence. Through the labors of the German writ ers prior to the time at which we have now arrived Germany had been brought Into the movement of the best European culture and was rapidly assimilating that JOJ1AXS "WOIiFGAJfG VOX GOETHE. culture. It was, however, necessary for the German spirit Independently to react upon this foreign stimulus. The leaders of this reaction were Lessing and Herder. Gotthold Ephrlam Lessing, born In 1729 at Kamenz. In Upper Lusatla, died In 1781 at Braunschweig, Is one of the great crit ics of modern times in literature and art, and the founder of the modern German drama. He freed not Germany alone but the entire modern world from the con ventional classicism of the French, while on the positive side he created a small number of literary masterpieces, uniting Wieland's realism and Klopstock's ideal ism. The chief critical writings of Lessing were: "Letters on the Latest Literature" (17a-60). "Laokoon" (17GC). "Hamburg Dra maturgy" (17G7). Of the "Laokoon" Goethe declared: "It transported us from the re gion of poetry observation into the free fields of thought. . . .The difference be tween plastic art and poetry was made clear. . . . All previous criticism was thrown away like a worn-out coat." The epoch-making dramas of Lessing were: "Miss Sara Sampson" (1755), the first German tragedy of common life; "Minna von Barnhelm" (1767V the first classic German comedy; "Emilia Galotil" Ki-u-i). mo nrst classic German tragedy, and "Nathan the Wise" (1779), a dramatic poem, nis cnier production In pure litera ture, a beautiful noetic rjresentatinn of his best thought and feeling in the domain oi religion. To this thought and feeling he gave more systematic statement in the short prose work, "The Education of the Hu man Race" OTSO), in which Is clearly set forth the previously foreshadowed lden. nf organic crowth In religion. It trno of this brief treatise that the philosopher and tneoiogian, James Martlneau, wrote the words: "Nor shall we ever forget the won der and delight, the awful sense of Intel lectual space, brought to us by the grand eesay. jlo tne very end, then, Lesslng's Influence was most nownrful for tho throwing oft of spiritual fetters and for positive constructian. As Lesslng's complement on the side of emotion and intuition camo.thp muninr Johann Gottfried Herder, born in 1744 near itonigsberg, died 1S03 at Weimar. When a student of philosophy and theology at Konigsberg he was profoundly influenced by the great Kant, by Hamann, by the works of Rousseau and Lessing. After successive teachinc. nreachlnc- and tr.-v7. lng he became In 1776 the head of the ec clesiastical anairs of the duchy of Weimar. His purely original poetic productions are not important. It Is In his nro trorirs nt criticism and history and in his transla tions mat nis power lay. The remarkable critical writlntrs nf TTpr. der were: "Fragments on Modern German Literature" (17GG) and "Critical Collec tions" (17C9). The "Fragments" have been called by high authority "the most sug gestive book perhaps ever written," which ran tnrougn Germany with the quick ness of a train of gunpowder." Herder's great work relative to history was his "Ideas on a Philosophy of the History of Mankind" 17S4-91), a "memorable book, which has been father to all the histories of poetry, religion, language and law of our (19th) century." Herder was a great personality and a mighty prophet of the two all-pervasive ideas of organic growth, or evolution, and of genius, so that "No one. Kant perhaps alone excepted, has contributed more to the stock of German thoucbt. nr io -r erclsed greater or more lasting Influence over itr age. a nation or the world at large, than Herder. Directly or indlrectly he revolutionized learning, history and lit erature, as Kant reconstructed philos ophy." Note. This study will be concluded tomorrow. An Interesting: Spot. Vale Gazette. Near Hope Bros.' old ranch, about two miles from "Vale, are some very inter esting cliffs of sandstone. They are inter esting first from the fact that there are no other walls of rock like them within a long distance, and. second, from the evi dences of early history that are found on them and about them. Evidently the early Oregon immigrant trail has -passed near them, for on the rocks nro ran-M nnmm and dates of quito early times. The name oi ram atcsser Dears tne date of 1S52. R. A. Gray, 1S64. appears on the face of the rock considerably beyond the reach of a person standing on the ground below. But below this is a name that takes one back to the time when the First Oregon Volunteers were fighting In dians in this part of the country. It Is "S. Pepoon. Lt. 1st O. V., 1S54." It would be interesting to know who this lieuten ant was and what has become of h'n, Perhaps he was killed) In some skirmish, and it may be that bo is still alive, and a citizen of this state. But something of no less Interest is that which is found in tho ground of the farm above-mentioned. On this place, below the cliffs and nearer the river, have been plowed up rusty wagon tires, irons for ox yokes, chains and other thlngB of a similar nature. It would seem that this has been a scene of some early calamity, such as an In dian massacre. Any reader of this who may know anything of further interest concerning this subject will confer a favor on the Gazette by giving us the facts. WILL TALK TO MACHINISTS Lecturer From Boston to Try to Form a. Union of Artisan. Machinists of Portland are aroused to the possibilities of organization by the presence in the city of a well-known lec turer, James F. Morton, of Boston. This evening. In Allsky Hall. Third and Mor rison streets, there will be a rally, the principal event of which will be an ad dress by Mr. Morton. The occasion is being utilized to the utmost for increas ing membership of tho local branch of the International Association of Machinists. For tho past week plans have been fol lowed to create tho widest possible inter est and to reach the greatest number of workmen in the machinist trade. Friday a meeting was held, at which Mr. Morton spoke briefly, and much enthusiasm was generated. Tho immediate result was f preparation for the big meeting to be held mis evening in Aiisxy nail, at which, in addition to his address, there will be a speech by Isaac Swett, an attorney of the city, and various other features. Re freshments will be served by the ma chinists organization, under whose aus pices the meeting is to be held. Mr. Morton comes to Portland highly recommended as a lecturer on union top ics. He has been lecturing in most of tho largo cities of the country. Including those on Puget Sound. In St. Lou's he spoke to machinists under like circum stances to his address this evening, and the result of his effective appeal was the addition of 27 names to the local organiza tion roster before the meeting closed. Tho meeting opens at 8 o'clock. All laborers, especially machinists, are invited. AT THE HOTELS. THE PERKINS. JOS Smith RDi.mnfn E F Inirles. Surmmntp L J Clough, Arlington Geo W -Wright, Albany Thos DeWne. Albany J E Mills, Hi v.. r-i. V Bangs, Duluth M Goglns. Duluth O A Copcland. Ocean Mrs O A f!nrwlnnrt An Geo H Richardson. SF Thos McClelland. For c n .-orcon, uaKld.Ca; B Jacobson, San Fran F McKellar. San Fran Chas Redmond. Chgo Miss Ora Vlnlng, Ar lington. Or W D McDonald, Mc- Minnvllle. Or Samuel H Forshaw, Pendleton, Or GW Cole. Fisher. Wn Frank J Taylor.Astorla W C Cowglll. Bakr Cy A H Wllletr, Bridal VI Mrs J IV Smith. Prlne- vllle. Or M A Loosley, Fort Klamath. Or J Sylvester. Omaha C D Cass. Sumner. la P D Gilbert. Albany C W Cottam, Oakland. Cal It E Parker. Indp. Or est urore, or A T Kelliher. Salem Mrs a j strohecker. Grant's Pin r- John M Osburn. Cor- Y2UU3, ur Frank Rogers, Heppner Mrs W D McDonald, .-ucwinnviiie, or Miss Effle McDonaltLdo W PranV Poln. ti.Ua IMrs W FPalne.' Boise i .crwin, laano ireorge B Lardner. Au burn. Cal H McCormack, McCor- raack. Wash Miss A Mills. Tacoma John Galvln. Centralla A B Dorsey. Ft Angeles Myrtle Dorsey, Dayton lit J Stoner & family. j.ima. nnsn E H Phllbrook, city E F Hlxon. Vancouver S J La France, Hood ft k-.ii, oubSTMSS iS-'bSSS vSETm THE IMPERIAL. C. W. Knowles, Manager. JH Roberts, city IF j Parker W W W E Stone. Albany Harry X Leckenhv Mark L Cohn. city fKuVr.wSh7 wHiHtfn' ?w.York '?-M Stevenson. Cased H Harklns. Seattle iN X Crahr CarnWm Tn.i.,,1 lH i1"1 W York .....i In r, sipinnim KumntA f.tJ -. 4 E A SAtifrr Krn TV -Ma... i.i S P ?lftrn tTAnn " - imj . -uirm S AV Downing, Put-In-Bay. Ohio Mrs D K Warren, Warrenton Mrs H C Thompson,do I 1 ".'" l-ia norence, iteppner T J Van Outeren, Oak- 9 .IS?land. ShermnCo lA W Coffin. Taklma Mrs fVkJTln Totln. u a win. Astoria Mrs AVlrt. Astoria (Fred Omt- Rttm "VVm H Dolman. StHln F Smith aJJv Geo A Crux. San Fran TVDrT5y,!?"' DIes lB H Dun. Astoria JLH?lea' Ceater IM" Dunn. Astoria Mlsi,e6 Harrison. S F i"" DUnB' A3t0rla THE ST. CHARLES. J E Pcnson. Tacoma J Joe Harbin. Oak Point Frank Joyce. Tacoma iC A Morgan. Dawn.Ho Geo Pears. Tacoma JM SUUlngSaJem Jas Qutnn. QuInn'sLdg Harry S Lane Vaverlir John Rhode. do Geo SmartsTsaleS i J W Johnson. Chinook L AV Wado Toledo C B Merlns Chinook JDye Wadef'To?edo r S-S?ampoSff 'w Bc StoPon. Hood R Bert Sprague. do (Mrs Simpson. Hood R J G Williams. do Jceo Darile. JxSSr 9 k Pase Sllverton Jas Simpson. Eagle Cr J P Coffer. Perry Vm Duncan, do F Johnson. Perry iM S Good. Bandon Or rred Scott. Perry lB B Gilbert. Dulled Fred Knowlton. W W IH J Ungewald. LaCntr B. D Williams. Graysvll J SI Vaughn, do J B Holmes, Gardiner J E Eldrldge.Charaooee Paul Calomb. Seattle IC AWhlte. Srott'sSmS - v. uuiea. oniuio icj oco. map. Or TV rtlnnnt Pimtiv H Jackson, do Mrs nirtilnr rnt. Judge Dean Blanch- j ard. Rainier ( airs jackson. do J S Bennett, CasUo lUc r C Cram. Oak Point A D Burnett. Eagle Cr w it .Monett. Cornelius D C Palmer. Mlntvllle .. Wm Palmer. do A Onvln fTi!nwUr ,, vrURan Astoria IMrs E Johnson. Astoria Mrs Gavin. Chinook y v- iteinetn. Astoria Timothy J Leahey, An- John Ahhntt 1 -.. lona Jas P Leahey, do G R Shaw, Cleone W TT TTnnf, Aatnrlfl IMrs Abbott. Astoria v- x vooper, Astoria Mrs Cfmnw. Attn.i. John I Ingalls. Burns C T Itinlls Titli-na Sirs M L Xell. Astoria I A P Mcintosh. Burns TV W Btjehler. SriokanelMiss Mptnth t...-. F Lewis, Salem iA B Turner, La Graadi D Dyck, Woodland Hotel Donnelly, Tacoma. European plan;, headquarters for com mercial men. Chllbergs restaurant in connection. Hotel BrnnsTrick, Seattle. European, first class. Bates, 73c and np. One block from depot. Restaurant next door. Vesuvine in Eruption. ROME. May 8. Mount Vesuvius has been in a state of eruption for the past three days, and explosions within the cra ter have thrown lava and masses of rock to a great height. Last night, the erup tion was especially violent, and was ac companied by menacing- rumblings. .Mrs A PflolrflT Co t 3rZJ& W U '..LIB .n. A I 71 Tl .. , .. cu THE RAILROAD WRECKED IX SPITE OP THIS, IIOBERTS' AD VANCE GOES OT7 STEADILY. Brabant Jelaa Handle at TkabaacaH The Situation at M&fclclBsr PlBaer's Advance. LONDON, May 8. The following dis patch from Lord Roberts has been re ceived at the "War Office: "Smaldeel, May S. The railway from Brandfort to this place has been consid erably damaged, and the bridge over the Vet River has been hopelessly wrecked. This delays supplies coming up. Every few yards, charges of Racakrock have been laid, but fortunately were discovered by the West Australian Infantry men. "Wlnburg has been occupied by the High land Brigade." In spite of these wrecks of the railroads, the British advance goes on steadily. Lord Roberts' outposts are apparently about 12 miles north of Smaldeel. General Brabant has joined General Rundie at Thabanchu, whence they are moving forward. A reconnaissance made by General Rundie of the Boers' recent positions at Thabanchu, resulted in their being pronounced Impregnable, and their evacuation 13 reported to have been due to the receipt of an urgent message from President Steyn. The Boers are said to be moving northward, but their immediate destination is not known. A dispatch from Cape Town, dated to day, says: "Lord Roberts' phenomenal advance Is not only utterly demoralizing the Boers but is striking terror to rebel colonists. Tho relief of Mafeklng is expected at any moment." The Capo Town correspondent is slightly optimistic as regards Mafeklng, Judging from the direct dispatches, the British forces south of Mafeklng being still nearly 200 miles from their objective, while the latest advices from Mafeklng itself, dated April 29, show little change in the con ditions there. The dispatch says: "With the exception of a little rifla fire from the outlying trenches, everything is quiet. The slight epidemic of typhoid Is abating. The enemy's artillery, with the exception of two flve-pounders, has ap parently been withdrawn. It was learned on April 24 that the enemy Intended to attack it, and the entire garrison stood to its arms. "When day broke. Colonel Baden-Powell took up a position in tho lookout, and the heavy rattle of musketry and boom of four guns convinced us that an attack was about to occur. But lt be came apparent that the Boer officers could not persuade their men to advance. Through glaases we eiw officers vainly urging tho infantry forward. The enemy reformed and retired, our men firing shoto in the hopo of inducing the enemy to cocne to close quarters. After tho bom bardment of April 24, all was compara tively quiet. "Tho besicked are celebratlmr the 200th day of the siege with horse dinners, and Colonel Baden-Powell sent a message to Lord Roberts, saying: 'After 200 days of siege, I desire to bring to your Lord ship's notice the exceptionally good spirit of loyalty which pervades all classes of the garrison and the patience of every body at Mafeklng in making the best of things under the long strain of anxiety, hardships and privations, which is be yond all pralso and a revelation to me. Tho men, half of whom are not accus tomed to tho use of arms, have adanted themselves to their duties with the great est real and readlnces. The pluck, and devotion of tho women have been re markable. With such spirits, our or ganization runs like clockwork. I have every hope it will pull us through." Cecil Rhodes has arrived at Cape Town without any demonstration being made. Ho goes to Belra. Portuguese East Af rica, and thence to Rhodesia, probably vis iting General Sir Frederick Carrlngton. It Is announced that no more Boer pris oners will be sent to St. Helena. A special dispatch from Lourenco Mar ques says tho colored American citizen, Richards, who was committed for trial by tho special court on the charge of mur der In connection- with the explosion at BIgbee's works. Is alleged to have said he was offered 5000 to blow up the foun dry. The sam dispatch eays that when President Kruger heard of the explosion ho dramatically exclaimed: "Is there a God?" VOLKSIUAD IX SESSIOX. Krnprer Declares the Trannvaal Hns Ample Fnnds to Continue the War. PRETORIA, Monday, May 7. The offi cial closing of the 1S93 Volksraad. which broke up unofficially In September last, took place today. The vacant seats of General Joubert, General Decock and oth ers were filled with flowers. The hall was crowded, a large number of ladles being present. In the prayer of the Chaplain an allu sion to General Joubert moved many to tears. After the prayer the Raad ad journed to the afternoon, when tho ses sion of 1&00 was inaugurated. The cere monies were accompanied by the custom ary salute. President Kruger arrived in the state carriage, with the usual escort. All the diplomats and foreign attaches, including General Gourko, tho Russian attache, were present. The Raadzaal was crowded to its fullest capacity, and the scene was most impressive. President Kruger. in his speech opening the ses sion, alluded feelingly to the vacancies. Referring to General Joubert, ho said: "Future generations will be ablo to Judge the work of the deceased, whose demeanor inspired the Army with respect and whoso humane and brave conduct gave fame and importance to tho state among civilized nations." He was profoundly struck, ho said, with the proof of sincere friendship given by the people of the Free State, who had fulfilled their obligation to the Transvaal under the treaty. They realized that a united front was required, as an attack upon tho independence of the Transvaal meant a threatening of the Freo State. Ho had implicit confidence in the future of the Afrikander nations. By deeds the Free State had shown, the President de clared, a good example to the people of the Transvaal, which had proved of great moral value to those guiding the efforts of a small state to maintain Its independ ence. He was pleased to say that the re lations of tho Transvaal with the foreign states, with the exception ot Great Brit ain, were good. As to the peace proposals between the Presidents of both republics and Lord Salisbury, President Kruger said: "We have proved by legislation and our dealings with Great Britain last year that it was our desire to preserve peace, and now that war has broken out, we will do everything- to restore peace." After alluding to the deputation now on a mission to Europe and the United States and the presence of so many attaches, proving the Intense interest of the powers in the republics and their methods of fighting, he said ho was pleased to see that the sympathy of the world was on their side in the war; that ambulances had been sent, and that their friends were united in endeavoring to alleviate the distress caused by the struggle. After references to alleged violations of the Red Cross convention and to the consequent protests of foreign powers. President Kruger continued: "Notwithstanding the difficult circum stances, I am glad to say that our finances will enable us to bear the great expense of the war, and that the mines are flour ishing." The President concluded with a refer ence to the Free State loan, and suggest ed that the session be not prolonged, and that only matters of importance be dealt with. In a moving peroration, he invoked the blessing and helpof the Almighty. The proceedings terminated with un- usually impressive speeches and prayera. I J?llty out of a toal of 60 Legislators were present, several of them still suffering from wounds. Sfafelclngr Boers Reinforced. LOURENCO MARQUES, Sunday. May 6. A dispatch received here from Colonel Plumer's camp, bearing date April 26. states that tho Boers around Mafeklng have been gradually reinforced, and their strength is estimated at 3000. Colonel Plumer has succeeded in com municating with Mafeklng by means ot carrier pigeons, and la endeavoring to communicate with tho southern relief column. Hntton's Advance Forces. SMALDEEL, O. F. a. May 7. General Hutton's advance camp of the Colonial Regiment is tonight settled at Lodgele gen (Welgelegeh) siding. According to reports, tho Boers intend to make a big stand near the Zand River. The railroad has been repaired to the south side ot the Vet River, and engineers axe busy making a deviation across tho bed. Plot to Assassinate Roberts. LONDON", May S. Tho Standard hears that information, has been officially re ceived ot a plot to assassinate Lord Rob erts, that the latter has been warned, and telegrams are now passing between the Capo authorities. Lord Roberto and the home authorities on the subject. GERMANY TO IMITATE. American Locomotives and Machin ery to Be Copied. Referring to a previous report, in which he explained that the principal purpose of the Bavarian Government in ordering a number of American locomotives tor service on the state railways was to give Bavarian engineers and engine builders ample opportunity to tost, study and imi tate, so far as should prove desirable, the superior features of the American ma chines, the American Consul at Berlin sends the State Department a translation of an editorial in the Burtger-Zeitung, as follows: "The Prussian state railway administra tion also intends to soon make a trial of American locomotives. These machines have shown that by reason of their great boiler space and heating surface, they are more efficient and economical. The Min istry of Public Works at Berlin has di rected that specifications of locomotives of American models shall be laid before lt in order that it may ascertain, through trials of freight and passenger engines, whether the Introduction of that sysfm here Is advisable. The similar tests which the Bavarian state railways have ma2e with American freight engines have had the most satisfactory results; they have, as tho minister Teports, 'with faultless performance, cost considerably less than locomotives of similar class belcnging to the Prusaian railvay system." It need hardly be explained that if these engines demonstrate their superiority and are adopted, they will not be built in any foreign country." This final naive reassurance to German machinists on the part of tho Burger-Zel-tung was quite unnecessary, the Consul adds. It has been evident from the first that the American locomotives brought to Germany during the past six months were like American stoves, machine tools, pumps and various other machines and articles not patented in this country In tended mainly to be tested, Btudied and used as models to be Imitated by German builders. It Is a sincere -and flattering compliment, and, although not directly and largely profitable to American build ers, has still its value as an Illustration of the Importance of protecting as far as possible, by German patents, every American Invention or Improvement that Is sold for use in that country. LINES FROM ACROSS THE SEA How the Hospital-Ship Maine Has Touched All British, Hearts. VICTORIA, B. a. May 3. (To the Edi tor.) I came across the following lines in The Owl, a Cape Town paper, and I consider they reflect the feelings of grati tude to our American cousins which fill the breasts of Britishers on account of their generosity in providing and equip ping the hospital-hlp Maine. I am sure. Sir, that we aro imbued with sufficient gratitude to ever remember the kindly thoughts which prompted this gift of mercy. H. L. SALMON. To Onr Sisters in America. We thank you all, both small and great. Our noble sisters o'er the sea. Wo thank each one from every state, Por timely help and sympathy. Tour brothers conquered In tho fight. We feel that ours will conquer, too. They fought for Justice and for right. And trust In God to help them through. And when In peace our wounded sleep. On couches from your far-off shore. May each fair sender's angel keep, A loving watch around her door. May their white wings, sweet flags ot truce. A safeguard prove 'gainst every harm. And great or small the foe let loose. Their fluttering bring a restful calm. May Uncle Sam's fair daughters b. By grateful British hearts held dear. And eulogized on land and sea. Where Stars and Stripes obtain a cheer. May they and us a unit form. On our Great Captain's strong right hand. When wo bavo weathered every storm. In which Ho took supreme command. Acrosia, Rondebosch, South Africa. Other Xotable Famines. Tho famine in India excites horror, but Ireland was scourged with famine from tho middle of the ISth century periodi cally down to 1S43-45. when tho last great famine occurred. There have been times of great distress In Ireland for food since 1S45 notably In 1S79 and 1SS2. During the war of tho Spanish succession, terrible suffering was experienced in France. In Paris there was a terrible famine. One ot the ladies of the royal family of France, whoso letters have recently been published, writes from Versailles In 1709: Never in my life did I know so gloomy a period. Tho people are dying of cold like files. The mills are stopped, and that has forced many to die of hunger, yesterday they told me a sorrowful story about a woman who stolo a loaf of bread from a baker's shop In Paris. The baker wanted to arrest her; she said, weeping. "If you knew my misery, you would not take the loaf away from me; I have three little children all naked; they ask me for bread: I canot bear It. and that Is why I hae stolen tho loaf." The commissary before whom they took the woman told her to take him where she lived: he went there, and found the three llttlo children sitting In a corner under a heap of rags, trembling with cold as If they had the ague. "Where is your father?" he asked the eldest. The child answered. "Be hind the door." The commissary looked to see why the father was hiding behind the door, and recoiled with horror; the man had hung him self In despair. Such things are happening dally. The Princess adds that the famine Is so great that "children have eaten each other. If one leave tho house, one 13 followed by a crowd of poor creatures, who cry famine; all payments are made in notes; there Is no coin anywhere: all one's contentment Is destroyed till better days appear " Por Infants and Children. Hie Kind You Have Always Bought Bears tho yr SZ$7---' Signature of Lfuzfx, J&Zc&ti. SILVER TO THE FRONT! BRTAX REFUSES TO MODIFT THE CHICAGO PLATFORM. Insists That tho Demand for 10 to Skall Be as Prominent at Kan sas City as at Chicago. On May day "William Jennings Bryan, leader-of the Democratic party and un compromising champion of the free coin age of sliver at the ratio of IS to 1, mado a speech at Columbus, O. He did more than that. He absolutely and positively refused to favor a plank In the Kansas City platform modifying the Imperative demand for immediate freo coinage of sli ver at 16 to 1. After Mr. Bryan arrived in Columbus a strange thing happened, says James Creelman, in his correspondence to tho New York Journal. The two most un compromising and radical free-silver men in Ohio, "General "Warner and Allen W. Thurman, called on Mr. Bryan and urged him not to consent to have "16 to 1" men tioned in the Kansas City platform. Mr. Bryan's final, sweeping and definite decla ration of- his position, given to the Nation through the Journal of today, had stirred the silver men of the whole country, as well as the gold-standard men. General "Warner was the original free sliver leader of America, the founder and president of tho Free-Silver League, and the most desperately honest and aggres sive blmetallst in the world. It was Mr. Bryan's statement In the Journal that brought him to tho leader of the Demo cratic party to plead against a reiteration ot the ratio of 16 to 1 as a vital present issue. "The conditions today aro not the con ditions of 1S0S." said General "Warner. "We have been fighting for an adequate supply of automatic money, and no blmet allst cared whether the money was yellow or white, so long as there was enough money. Tho new discoveries of gold and the enormous output of the gold mines have entirely changed the conditions. "We have money enough now. In 18S6 tho whole annual production of gold and silver was only 530O.C0O.C0O; last year the production of gold alone was more than $350,000,000. "But for the Interruption of mining by the Boer war, the output of gold alone this year would have reached probably 5500.000,000; our platform must be scientific. It must accede with facts. It must recog nize tho changed situation. The ratio Is unimportant. The Important thing 53 to have enough money. We should point out to the country the fact that the pres ent high prices are duo to an Increased supply of money, which proves the quan titative theory of money." General Warner and Mr. Thurman urged Mr. Bryan to favor the following proposed plank, which was adopted a few days ago, by the Ohio Association of Democratic Clubs: "We firmly adhere to tho Chicago plat form In its entirety, as a true declaration of Democratic principles, from which there can be no departure. While the Increased production of gold since 1896 has brought some measure of that relief which Democrats contended would follow in creased supply of money. It proves their repeated assertion that the fall of -prices and consequent depression of business from 1S73 to 1S37 were the necessary result ot a scarcity of money, which sliver, under freo coinage during those years, would have furnished, and therefore in nothing disproves the soundness of the principles on which the claims of blmetalists are based. "Xor does lt prove that it is safe to rest the supply of money for the whole world for all time upon the accidental supply of one metal for any single period. On the contrary. If the world's vast debts are ever to be paid, or the exchanges between silver-using and gold-using nations are to be untiled, it must be on the base of both metals, and not upon one alone, and we therefore declare our firm adherence to both gold and silver, not only as the money, of the Constitution, but as the only safe reliance of supply of automatic money for the world." Mr. Bryan was firm In his position that lt would be unwise to make any departure from the position of the party In 1S90. Infant Smothered. Mrs. Green, living at 249S4 Front street, went to bed last night with two 3-weeks-old babies. She awoke early this morn ing and found one of them, a boy, dead. Tho children were twins, and apparently in good health the evening before. Dr. D. H. Band, Coroner, was summoned to inquire Into the matter. From what evi dence could be gathered it was thought the child was accidentally smothered. Juit So. "What Is an island?" asked the teacher, addressing her interrogation to the clans in geography. "An Island, ma'am." re plied Johnny Broadhead. a. studious lad who had Porto Rico In mind. "Is a body ot land entirely surrounded by politics." Puck. FOR WELL PEOPLE. An Easy "Way to Keep Well. It is easy to keep well if we would only observe each day a few simple rules of health. The all-important thing is to keep the stomach right and to do this lt is not necessary to diet or to follow a set rule or bill of fare. Such pampering simply makes a capricious appetite and a feel ing that certain favorite articles of food must be avoided. Professor Wlechold gives pretty good advice on this subject. He says: "I am 63 years old. and have never had a seri ous illness, and at the same time my life has been largely an indoor one, but I early discovered that the way to keep healthy was to keep a healthy stomach,, not by eating bran crackers or dieting of any sort; on the contrary I always eat what my appetite craves, but for the past eight years I have made It a daily practice to take one or two of Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets after 'each meal, and I attribute my robust health for a man of my age to the regular dally use of Stuart's Tablets. "My physician first advised me to use them because he sold they were perfectly harmless and were not a secret patent medicine, but contained only the natural digestive, peptones and diastase, and after using them a few weeks I have never ceased to thank him for his advice. "I honestly believe the habit ot taking Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets after meals Is the real health habit, because their use brings health to the sick and ailing and preserves health to the well and strong." Men and women past 50 years of age need a safe digestive after each meal to Insure a perfect digestion and to ward off disease, and the safest, best known and mo3t widely used Is Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets. They are found In every well-regulated household from Maine to California, and In Great Britain and Australla,are rapidly pushing their way Into popular favor. All druggists sell Stuart's Djspepsia Tablets, full sized pkgs., at 50 cents and for a weak stomach a fifty-cent package will often do fifty dollars' worth of good. A LOCAL AND CLIMATIC DISEASE Nothing 5ut a lecal reaedy or change of cliznato will cure ca tarrhs Get a wrfl-kiiowx riPECWIC. ELY'S CREAM BALM It j nulckly Ab- ecrbed. Gives Belief at once. Opens sad cleanses u Iops COLD Ui HEAD the Membrane. Restores tbo Senses ot Taste and Smell. No Mercury. Xo Injurious drug. Regular Sise. 60 coats; Family Size. 31.00 at mARRH thepalatiai oni Bill Xot a daric office in the bnlldinxf Isolntely fireproof; electric lights and artesian water; perfect sanita tion and thorough ventilation. Ele vntors ran day and night. tlri t Rooms. ANDERSON. GTJSTAV. Attorney-at-Law...6l3 ASSOCIATED PRESS; E. I Powell. Mgr.-80 AUSTEN. F. C. Manager for Oregon and "Washington Bankers' Life Association, of Des Moines. la C02-508 BANKERS' LIKE ASSOCIATION. OF DES MOINES. IA..;F. C Austen. Manager..C02-0C3 BEALS. EDWARD A., Forecast Official II. S. Weather Bureau 010 BENJAMIN. R "W.. Dentist 314 BINSWANGER, DR. O. S.. Phys. & Sur.0-4U BROOKE. DR. J. M.. Phys. & Surff 706-703 BRUERE. DR. G. E.. Physician 412-ilS-il BUSXEED, RICHARD. Agent -Wilson & Mc- Callay Tobacco Co. 02-603 CAUKIN. G. E., District Agent Travelers" Insurance Co. ........ ......713 CARDWELL, DR. J. R BOO CARROLL. W. T., Special Agent Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n 604 CLARK. HAROLD. Dentist 314 COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMFANT : 604-C0C-CC6-C07-613-CH-G13 CORNELIUS. (X W.. Phys. and Surgeon 200 COVER. F. C Cashier Equitable Life SCfl COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher; S. P. McGulre. Manager 415-413 DAT. J. G. & I. N. ?13 DAVIS. NAPOLEON. President Columbia Telephone Co. 601 DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician 713-T14 DRAKE. DR. H. B.. Physician 512-513-514 DWTER. JOE. F.. Tobaccos 402 EDITORIAL ROOMS Eighth floor EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETT; L. Samuel. Manager: F. C. Cover. Cashler.SOfl EVENING TELEGRAM . 325 Alder street FENTON. J. D., Physician and Surgeon.BOO-510 FENTON. DR. HICKS a. Eye and Ear 511 FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist 6C9 FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION; E. C Stark. Manager C0I GALVANI. W. H., Engineer and Draughts man COO GAVTN. A. President Oregon Camera Club. 214-215-210-217 GEART. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and Surgeon . 212-213 GIEST, A. J.. Physician and Surgeon... 700-710 GODDARD. E. C. & CO.. Footwear Ground floor. 120 Sixth street GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan Life Insurance Co. of New York 200-210 GRANT. FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Law GIT HAMMAM BATHS. King & Compton. ProiaJOO HAMMOND. A B. 310 HETDINGER. GEO. A & CO- Pianos and Organs 131 Sixth street HOLLISTER. DR. O. C Phys. & Sur. .504-503 IDLEMAN. C M.. Attoroey-at-Law. .410-17-13 JOHNSON. "W. C 315-31G-31X KADT. MARK T.. Supervisor of Agents Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n 604-603 LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co.. ...COO LITTLEFIELD. IL R., PhyB. and Surgeon . .200 MACRUM. W. S.. Sec. Oregon Camera Club.214 MACKAT. DR. A. E.. Phys. and Surg. .711-712 MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Sure. .701-2-3 McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 715 McFADEN. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer 201 McGINN. HENRY E.. Attorney-at-Law.311-3J3 McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers' Representa tive H03 METT. HENRY 213 MILLER. DR. HERBERT CL. Dentist and Oral Surgeon ... COS-600 MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist 312-313-314 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New York; W. Goldman. Manager.... .200-210 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N; Mark T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents.. 604-003 Mcelroy, dr. j. g.. Phys. & sur.701-702-703 McFARLAND. E. B., Secretary Columbia Telephone Co. 600 McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier. Publisher 415-410 McKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law 500 MILLER & ROWE. Real Estate, Timber and Farming Lands a Specialty ...TOO MUTUAL LIFE ttlCURANCE CO.. of .New York; Wm. S. Pond. State Mgr. .404-4C5-400 NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law .715 NILES. M. L.. Cashier Manhattan LIfa In surance Co., ot New York... ........209 OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY; Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath 40S-409 OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-215-216-217 POND, WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life Ins. Co. of New York ...404-405-400 PORTLAND" FRESff'CLUB 501 PORTLAND EYE AN DEAR ECFIRMARY. Ground floor. 133 Sixth street PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.; J. H. Marshall, Manager 513 QUIMBY. L. P. W.. Game and Forestry Warden 716-717 ROSENDALE. O. M.. Metallurgist And Min ing Engineer - ......515-510 REED & MALCOLM. Opticians.133 Stxst street REED. F. C, Fish Commissioner 407 RYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Law . 417 SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life 306 SANDFORD. A. C & Co . Publishers Agts.513 SCRIBNER'S SONS. CHAS.. Publishers. .. .515 SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com mander. K. O. T. M. 517 SMITH. Dr. L. B.. Osteopath 40S-409 SONS OF THEAMERICAN REVOLUTION.500 STARK. E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Phila.. Pa.... .601 STEEL, G. A.. Forest Inspector 218 STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law 617-618 STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-705 SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO "0 STROWBRIDGE. THOS. H.. Executive Spe cial Agent Mutual Life, of New York 400 SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE 201 TUCKER. DR. GEO. F.. Dentist 610-011 U. S. "WEATHER BUREAU.. .0O7-0OS-000-010 U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST.. Captain W. C Langfltf, Corp3 of Engineers. U. S. A. 803 U. S ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER' AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS, Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A..S10 WATERMAN. C H.. Cashier Mutual Life of New York -- 400 retary Native Daughters 716-717 WHITE. MISS L. E.. Assistant Secretary Oregon Camera Club 214 WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phys. & Sur.304-3 WILSON, DR. GEO. F.. Phys. & Surg. .706-707 WILSON, DR. HOLT C.. Phyet. & Surg.507-50S WILSON & McCALLAY TOBACCO CO.; Richard Busteed. Agent C02-C03 WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician...... 412-413-414 WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO 613 A few more decant oClces may Io had by applying; to Portland Trust Company of Oregon, 109 Third at., or to the rent clerk In the building. MEN NO CURE. rlfejl L NO PAY THE MUUtiKX AFFLI- ANCB A pualtle way to perfect manhood. Everything else fails. The VACUUM TREAT MENT CURES you without medicine ot all nervous or disease of the generative organs, such as lea -nanhood. exhausting drains, vari cocele, impotency. etc. Men are quickly re stored to perfect health and strength. Write for circulars. Correspondence confiden tial. THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.. roeffij 17-4S Safe Deposit building. Seattle. Wacb. Prugg.gtr or py mall. I EXY SSUrU EES. SB-CTbztso-SW Xw XorS. j V