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TODAY'S WEATHER. Showers. Brobably
followed br clearing weather duties the after
noon. PORTLAND, TEPSDAT, APRIL. 3, lOOO
COLOSSAL FRAUDS.
Shall we tell the secret of the sub
sidy bill? Then It Is this: Ship con
struction is booming. Let us hurry up
and pass the subsidy bill; then we shall
say to the people. Behold what the Re
publican party has done for our mer
chant marine, with Its subsidies! Vote
for McKlnley and all the rest of us
Republicans.
Shall we confess the motives behind
the Puerto Rico Infamy? Let us pass
this bill. Then we can go before the
Protected Interests and say. Behold
your friends! Then we can go to the
labor vote and say. Behold your for
tress and high tower!
As to the subsidy bllL haste must be
made or It will be too late: for almost
every day the news comes of keels laid,
contracts signed, trans-Atlantic nnd
trans-Paclflc lines organized, warships
building In American yards for every
where. To claim this present activity
for a bill to go Into effect next Janu
ary will be a work of extreme hardi
hood.
As to the labor vote. It Is doubtless
sufficiently Informed bow large a part
of the tariff goes into Its wages, and
how much It achieves through its
trades organizations. Then if we de
duct the labor vote that .will go for
Debs as a socialist, and that that will
go for Bryan or McKlnley anyhow
through partisan predilection, the game
to he had through the Puerto Rico trap
is not very promising.
As to the Protected Interests, they
are, apparently, well served, and have
no excuse for displeasure. But have
they all the votes worth having?
MIVART AX OIIJCCT-LESSOX.
Mlvart died In good time. Ills pass
ing completes the hurried but Immortal
drama of his last few months. In his
protest against ecclesiastical Interfer
ence with questions of positive science
and In his tragic taking oft at the su
preme moment of the controversy he
has achieved fortuitous fame such as
his laborious life-work never could have
brought him. He did not, like Dewey.
live on until idolatry faded upon see
ing its object in his human frailties.
Like Lincoln, he died Just In time to
"make his place In history steadfast and
serene. A lucky chance has enrolled
him among the martyrs.
At the grave of the Mlvart contro
versy, stilled summarily by a ruling
from which there Is no appeal, two
things are to be said. One Is that the
church can only a little longer presume
to sit In Judgment upon the facts of
the material world. It is the custodian
of spiritual truth, but not of science or
history. What the Bible says or coun
cils decree concerning the primeval for
est or the cataclysms and fires of the
planet's Infancy, the Armament or
the great deep, the burden of Tyre or
the gardens of Babylon, may be Inter
esting, but It Is not authoritative. The
history of creation is not in Genesis,
but In the rocks beneath our feet. In
the light that streams from sun and
star. In the laws that have been un
covered by astronomy and chemistry.
The history of man is not in Hebrew
manuscripts so much as in the unim
peachable records left In languages and
In the silent but eloquent testimony of
the human structure. The facts of sci
ence must be passed upon by science.
the religious needs of man must be met
by religion. The soundness of Mlvart's
position was that while he insisted on
physical evidence for physical facts, he
clung to the church for spiritual truth.
To the soul hungering for God and
righteousness It is as vain to offer
blind chance or purposeless law as to
seek In prayer and fasting the origin
of the Psalms or the true history of
Abraham. "Render unto Caesar the
things that are Caesar's, and unto God
the things that are God's."
The other thing that needs to be said
Is that Mlvart's fears for Catholicism
are probably baseless. If the church
continues to Insist on deciding matters
of scientific truth or historical record.
closing the door of investigation to
active minds, the fear of Dr. Mlvart
was that it must "sink by degrees Into
an effete and insignificant body, com
posed of Ignorant persons, a mass of
women and children, and a number of
mentally effeminate men." But the
condition upon which he hangs his con
clusion Is almost Impossible of realiza
tion. The Catholic Church has been
slow to yield to the encroachments of
science upon Its prerogatives. But so
has the Presbyterian Church. The
more rigid the traditions of a denomi
nation, the more centralized Its con
trolling power, the harder Is the task
of modification. But we must remem
ber that the discoveries and the hy
potheses of science are taking hold
upon the young men of all denomina
tions. The young men of today are the
church of tomorrow.
When the general assembly of the
Presbyterian Church met in Portland,
in 1882, the chief subject of controversy
was the Brlggs case. Throughout that
keen and excited struggle young men
fresh from the Seminary or their first
pastorate sat with set teeth and
blanched countenances as they realized
the determined stand of the veterans
to resist the conclusions of science as
applied to creation and to the text of
the Bible. They were voted down.
They had no show. But thirty years
from now those young men will be In
the saddle. They will be the church.
Thirty years from now the young Cath-
ollcs who are Imploring; the dignitaries
of their church for Instruction In mod
ern science will be In control. They
will be the church. There Is no denom
inational restriction of the truth that
Through the aces
One Increasing purpose runs.
And the thoughts of men are widened
With the proems of the suns.
It Is as true of the Old Church, as of
ell the new ones, that In the time to
come, not In this mountain nor yet at
Jerusalem, not In set formulas nor yet
In Iron-bound creeds on pain of anath
ema, shall ye worship the Father, but
unceremoniously in spirit and In truth.
IRCLAXD'S PROGRESS UXDER VIC
TORIA. When Victoria with the Prince Con
sort visited Ireland In 1SG0. she was re
ceived with a degree of enthusiasm that
drew from her statesmanlike husband
the following utterance In an address
which he delivered in his capacity as
president of the Royal Dublin Society:
It Is Impossible not to feel deeply the marks
of enthusiastic attachment which have been
displayed to the Queen and myrelf by the
warm-hearted Inhabitants of this, beautiful
Island, and I most sincerely hope for an early
termination to those sufferings under which the
people hare so lamentably and yet with euch
exemplary patience labored.
Jf the Prince Consort In 18G0 felt sym
pathy with the past mlsgovemment
and misfortunes of Ireland, we may be
sure that Queen Victoria did, too. The
Prince always spoke authoritatively on
such occasions for his royal wife; their
marriage was a love match on her part,
and to the day of his death she ac
cepted his opinions wllh reverence and
shared all his personal sympathies with
the cause of humane government within
her dominions. The sympathy that
Queen Victoria felt for Ireland In I860
she doubtless feels today; the warm
welcome that she received from Ireland
in 1SC0 she deserved then and no less
deserves today. Queen Victoria was
not responsible for the cruel mlsgovem
ment of Ireland that was executed un
der the reign of George HI and his
contemptible son, George IV.
When George IV visited Ireland In
1821, he was most warmly welcomed
by the people, high and low. In spite
of the fact that he always cast his per
sonal Influence In favor of the cnlel
mlsgovemment of Ireland. When he
was Prince Regent and pretended to be
a Whig, he broke faith with his own
party because Its leaders insisted upon
the reform of Catholic disabilities. He
broke faith with the English champions
of Catholic emancipation as unscrupu
lously as George III did when he re
fused to carry out the promise of Cath
olic emancipation which William Pitt
had been authorized to make to the
Roman Catholic members of the Irish
Parliament to secure their votes for the
act of union in 1S01. which extinguished
the home rule government obtained by
Grattan. When George IV became
King, he was bitterly hostile to George
Canning, because Canning, the political
pupil and admirer In his youth of
Pitt, was sure to favor Pitt's policy of
Catholic emancipation at the first op
portunity. George IV had always pre
ferred the renegade Irishman, Lord
Castlereagh, to Canning, because he
was a bitter, despotic Tory In his mls
govemment of Ireland. George IV
therefore deserved no kindly welcome
from Ireland, for he fairly earned by
his treatment of Ireland Byron's de
nunciation of him as "the fourth of
fools and oppressors called George."
But Queen Victoria's whole reign of
sixty-three years has been marked by
no reactionary policy toward .Ireland
even under circumstances of transient
excitement caused by the crimes of
Irish Nihilists and Fenian pirates. The
record of the reign of Victoria Is that
of steady advance In the matter of
Irish governmental reform. Early la
her reign came the extinction of tithes.
The personal friendliness of Queen Vic
toria, and her sympathy with the dis
tress of Ireland was always eloquently
acknowledged by O'Connell, the great
Irish liberator, who, while he was per
sonally hostile to. Prime Minister Peel,
never failed to express his admiration
and respect for "the lovely young
Queen" and loyalty to British Constitu
tional government as he construed It
In the stupid, short-lived Irish rebel
lion of ISIS Its leaders were the recipi
ents of the clemency of the Queen, for
though Meagher and Mitchell were con
victed of treason, their sentences were
commuted to transportation. In I860
when Victoria vlsltqd Ireland, Irish re
form had clearly made steady progress.
and since that date until the present
it has made comparatively rapid ad
vancement. Under Gladstone's first
ministry of 1S6S-1S73. the Irish Church
was disestablished and educational re
forms Initiated.
In his second accession to powcf
Gladstone passed the Irish land reform
legislation of 1SS1-82, and subsequently,
with the aid of Paraell, he accom
plished further reforms. While Glad
stone was finally defeated In his efforts
to enact complete home rule for Ire
land, nevertheless under the Salisbury
Conservative Government not only no
reactionary legislation has been enact
ed, but by the action of Lord Salis
bury's Government the cause of Irish
governmental reform has been ad
vanced beyond the legislation of Glad
stone, for the county governments In
Ireland are substantially today In the
hands of the people through the most
recent Irish reform act. Irishmen to
day have little or no cause to complain
of discrimination in England's mode of
government. Irish Independence Is a po
litical pipe opium dream, but home rule
was defeated by Irish religious preju
dice and Internal political dissension.
Parnell was not thrown down as a lead
er by Gladstone's own desire: he was
thrown down by the Catholic clergy of
Ireland, .-o jutvolced the English dis
senters in clamoring for his dlscrown
ment as leader of his party. Queen
Victoria's reign has stood for govern
mental reform In Ireland, and she de
serves a respectful welcome.
ixsuFFicrrsxcr op law.
The wisdom of attempting to enforce
morality by special statutory enact
ment has become a subject for fresh
discussion before the New York Leg
islature through the Introduction of a
bill making adultery a misdemeanor.
The argument for this bill that the ab
sence of the punishment for adultery
made New York State "a place of resort
for -men" from other states where adul
tery Is punishable under the statutes
was answered by the statement that
there Is scarcely a pretense of enforcing
the law against adultery In other
states. Massachusetts has such a law,
tout there Is no exodus ot adulterers
from Boston, where the offense Is rela
tively as frequent as It Is In New York.
The criminal punishment of&dultery
Is so rare In the states that make it
Indictable that the laws against It
amount to nothing. Adultery Is doubt
less prevented and punished through
moral, social and religious law, but Its
legal punishment Is seldom enforced,
and, as a measure for the promotion of
good morals, the making of adultery
punishable as a misdemeanor has had
small success In any of our states. The
states with laws to punish It aro most
notable for Its frequency. The laws are
practically unenforceable and a dead
letter. This Is due to the fact that
social and religious sentiment only can
oppose Immorality effectually.
The church has power to punish adul
tery In Its own members with ecclesias
tical penalties. When a divorce Is ob
tained In violation of the Episcopal
canon, and the parties or either of them
marry new mates, they are living in
adultery In Its view, but practically this
church law against them Is a dead let
ter. The clergy of this church are con
spicuous advocates of the criminal pun
ishment of adultery, despite the fact
that they do not enforce the church
law. The opponents of the bill ask
them: "If practically the church law
against adulterers In largely a dead let
ter, what reason Is there to suppose
the civil law would do any better?"
In England adultery is not indictable
under the common law, but exemplary
civil damages are generally promptly
awarded. .
VALUABLE DATA.
The quality- of Interest which the re
cital of the common Incidents of the
pioneer era will excite a few years
say a quarter of a century hence is
foreshadowed by the close, almost rev
erent attention which the public of the
present day gives to a simple state
ment of the cvery-day routine that
made up the lives of the settlers of ter
ritorial Oregon fifty years ago. The
details beginning with the snall's-pace
Journey with ox teams across the con
tinent, that covered a period of six
months' continuous travel between the
Missouri River and the dalles of the
Columbia, and ending with a descrip
tion of the beautiful wilderness of the
Willamette Valley upon the possession
of which the footsore emigrants entered
with Joy and thanksgiving, are of ab
sorbing Interest even now; later they
will possess all the charm of romance,
through which the thread of reality
Just out of sight runs, giving substan
tial fiber to the product
There was published In the Eugene
Guard a few days ago, and republished
In The Oregonlan Sunday, a simple
recital of the Incidents of a Journey by
ox team across the continent In 1853.
There was nothing remarkable in this
Journey at the time. Hundreds of peo
ple made It. Men did not hesitate to
cut loose from civilization, and, with
no better protection from the savages
who swarmed the country than that
afforded by an old-fashioned rifle and a
few rounds of ammunition to each
man, plunge Into the Wilderness with
their families, with. If all went well, the
certainty of a six months' Journey
through a region barren of supplies be
fore them.
A later generation has censured these
men as reckless. In point of fact, they
were Ignorant of the risks of starva
tion, disease and savage onslaught
which they ran. Ignorance stood them
In the stead of courage, but when Ig
norance was dispelled by knowledge
and the etupendcusness of the task
was revealed to them, courage was not
wanting to meet the exigencies of the
situation. The simple recital above
mentioned differs but little from that
which any pioneer of the time of which
It deals would give If asked, and yet.
no doubt, thousands have read It with
Interest who knew not one of the per
sons mentioned as belonging to the
company that made the old-time Jour
ney, while the surviving few who from
association have a deeper Interest In
the story read it with "eyes moistened
by the sacred dews of memory.
That which was commonplace fifty
years forty-five years forty years
ago has become heroic now; later It
will become marvelous, and later still
It will challenge belief In vain, unless
the oral In these recitals gives place
while yet there la time to the written.
There is a certain charm about folk
lore, but It becomes babble, so far as
duly accredited fact goes. In a few gen
erations at farthest. Measures should
be taken to make these matters his
tory. Tedious detail Is not necessary,
neither Is It desirable In dealing with
the pioneer era. But better transcribed
garrulousness which can be sifted and
condensed by the historian a few years
later than a barrenness of detail con
cerning pioneer life that will invite In
vention whereby to adorn the tale. The
work of the Oregon Historical Society
in collecting data for the history of the
pioneer era is likely to prove of Incal
culable value. It was delayed longer
than It should have been, but our touch
with the middle years of the century
Is still sufficiently close to give to the
data collected a quality of truth that
determines the valuo of historical
work.
IX SOUTH AFRICA.
The present military policy of the
Boers la to delay Lord Roberts' ad
vance and make It difficult by cutting
off his advanced posts and breaking up
his communications by suddenly con
centrating upon them with superior
forces, exactly the same kind of tactics
that were employed against the com
munications and detached posts of the
Union forces by the Confederate Gener
als at the East and the West during
the Civil War. This kind of warfare
was successfully practiced by the Con
federate mounted riflemen under Stuart
and Mosby in Virginia, and under For
rest and Wheeler in Tennessee.
The disaster to the British detach
ment of two regiments of cavalry and
two batteries under Colonel Broadwood
cost the English a loss of 3S0 men. In
cluding 200 prisoners and seVen guns.
It Is the old story ot military careless
ness that was Illustrated by General
Gatacre near Stormberg Junction, De
cember 10, and by General Butler's
Chief of Artillery before Colenso, De
cember IB, when eleven guns were lost
There Is no excuse for a good cavalry
officer being caught, as was Broad
wood, In a so-called "trap" set by the
Boers. His scouting was not thorough
ly done by a competent officer or the
"trap" would have sprung before his
wagons 'and guns entered the ford.
If the banks of the ford had been
searched by shell fire, the Boers would
have been flushed from their cover,
but, on the contrary, the wagons and
artillery were pushed forward without
any proper examination of the ford,
and the only wonder Is that any of the
guns escaped capture. The fact that a
Lieutenant of Remington's Scouts
found a ford unoccupied by the enemy
shows that with any decent kind of
caution the whole disaster could have
been avoided.
Lord Roberts will be Joined soon by
the Eighth Division, which, as soon as
It arrives at Cape Town, will be met
by orders to proceed at once to the
front. With this reinforcement of 10.
000 men. Lord Roberts ought to be able
to make his railway communications
secure. When that Is done, the quick
est way to recall the Boer forces from
raiding would be to push forward with
the main body. Lord Robefts has not
mounted men enough to beat the Boers
In their own peculiar tactics, but the
march of his infantry through the Or
ange Free State into the Transvaal
would soon compel the Boer commander
to call In his detachments and concen
trate against Invasion.
The enactment of the gold-standard
bill, says the New York Independent,
"had been so long foreseen that the
final vote and approval of the act by
the President excited but little public
Interest. And yet this signal vindica
tion of American honesty and Intelli
gence might appropriately have been
celebrated en the 14th of March by the
ringing of bells and the roaring of can
non throughout the land." It might
have been more properly said that the
enactment of this bill excited little
public comment. It Is putting It too
strongly to say that It "excited but Ut
ile public interest," since Intelligent
men, business men, men of finance and
of -affairs the Nation over felt an Inter
est In the passage and approval of this
bill that mere ivnrrlo nnrl n. multrnllcltv
of noises could not express. It was fot4'un,ncl road as the promise of a more rapid
this reason possibly that such demo:
stratlon as Is furnished by publlj.
Jolcings and the ringing -of bells,-.
not follow the enactment of this mosW
Important bill.
The transport Sheridan reached San
Francisco from Manila Sunday, a veri
table hospital-ship. A total of eighty
six sick soldiers, fourteen sick sailors
and eleven Insane makes up an allot
ment of wretchedness sufficient to cause
the most valiant to long for the close
of the war In the Philippines. The
disease aboard was fortunately nothing
more contagious than typhoid fever.
Though there are few maladies that
subject patients In confined quarters to
more pitiful sufferings than this one, it
is yet possible to be on the same ship
with typhoid and not contract the dis
ease. It may be hoped. In humanity's
name, that the necessary detention of
the .transport in quarantine will be
brief.
It is said that the British Ministry
believes the amount of the debt reduc
tion In England in the past twenty-one
years will be offset by the cost of the
war In South Africa. The expenditure
at the present time is about $50,000,000
a month, which is not far below the
highest outlay of the United States in
the War of the Rebellion. WarB are
the most costly of enterprises, and the
tendency Is constantly upward. The
Increasing cost of war will doubtless
ultimately be one of the strongest In
fluences that make for peace, the
pocket nerve of the nation, like that
of the individual, being an exceedingly
sensitive one.
The course of Lentz and Sulzer In the
Coeur d'Alene Investigation Is directed
and pursued in conformity with one of
tho cardinal principles of the Chicago
platform, that there must be no Inter
ference with mobs engaged In destruc
tion of property. But Governor Steun-
enberg didn't see It in that light.
An Interesting sketch of General
Macdonald's career, printed in The Ore
gonlan yesterday, Is of value to those
who have supposed no chance exists for
a man to rise from the ranks to high
position in the British Army.
Again the preponderant valor and
strategy of the Boers have achieved a
military triumph. That Is to say, the
British have fallen Into another trap.
A MILITARY PROPHET.
The
ClinnRes Produced by Modern
Conditions Foretold.
A writer for the Westminster Gazette
collects from M. Bloch's book on future
war a book published a year or two ago,
and several times referred to by The
Oregonlan the following predictions
about strategy and tactics, every one of
which has been fulfilled with more or
less precision In the South African War:
That the war of the future would be a war
ot sleets and entrenched positions.
That to carry out frontal attacks wouli be
Impossible without Immense lcss-it and great
superiority In numbers; and that It would,
therefore, seldom be resorted to.
That with equality In numbers, modern wars
would last longer than past wars.
That decisive victories would be rare, the
beaten side Immediately taking; up fresh posi
tions to the rear, which would be prepared In
advance.
That artillery would be put out ot action by
sharpsnootlng riflemen, who would kill off
norms and men.
That adequate reconnolssanee would be almost
Impossible, and that an enemy's position would
only bo revralei by the voile) s from their
trenches.
That even then, owing- to the use of smoke
less powder, it would be Impossible precisely
to locate them.
That attempts to surprise an enemy would
cften result In counter-surprises.
That lntrenchments constructed for protec
tion against modern artillery and rifle Ore
would be Invisible.
That the Us In officers would be abnormally
large.
That ambulance work, owlns to the great
range ot modern weapons, would have to be
carried on under Ore. with the result ot mu
tual accusations of abusing the Red Cross flsg.
In the Saturday Review (London) there
is appearing a series of articles by a Brit
ish officer, signed "Grey Scout," on the
difficulties and surprises of the present
war in South Africa, which seem almost
a development ot Mr. Bloch's proposi
tions. In one of his articles the writer
dwells on tho ineffectiveness of shell and
shrapnel fire against concealed riflemen,
and the Impossibility of getting near
enough the latter to dislodge them with
out losing horses and gunners by rifle
fire. This was demonstrated on the Mod
der and on both sides of the Tugela.
The next article points out that every
disastrous frontal attack In South Af
rica would have been Inevitably success
ful with traditional armies and weap
ons. The latest article deals with smoke
less powder and scouting, tf which the
writer seems to have had personal knowl
edge, since he took part In some of the
operations he describes. This confirm!
every assertion made by Bloch from the
ory. The British army has been scolded
by arm-chair critics for neglecting recon
nolssance and falling Into surprises
"Grey Scout" points out that successful
scouting Is no longer possible. Even
elaborate lntrenchments are Invisible at
short rifle range, and smokeless powder
prevents their discovery even by a mod
erately heavy dropping fire. Scouts are
picked off long before they can find out'
anything, and 'they do not know whether
It Is done by pickets of an army. All the
survivors can report on their return Is
casual lies.
s .
HEW YORK RAPID TRANSIT.
BesrlnnJnsr and Slarnlflcance of the
Under-ground Tunnel.
New Tork Journal of Commerce.
The ceremony In City Hall Park Satur
day afternoon wan amply Justified by the
occasion. It might even have been more
Imposing, more elaborate, and yet have
been scarcely adequate to the Importance
of the occasion. The commencement of
the underground rapid-transit system la
one of the great events in the history ol
New York, not unworthy of companion
ship with the construction of the Crotoa
aqueduct and of very much more Import
ance than the consolidation of New York,
Brooklyn and Staten Island.
The concentration of buslncfs Is abso
lutely essential to Its transaction on a
modern scale and by modern methods.
Home reached an immense expansion, but
most of ltd business was small and sub
divided, for the business section and the
resldenco section could not be separated
by a long Interval, and houses and shops
alternated much as they do In our country
towns. In such a city business on a mod
ern scale could not bo done, and In the
modern world the growth of great cities
has followed pretty closely along the line
of the means of intra-mural transit, be
ginning with pavements and then passing
from tracks for horse cars to elevated
tracks and cable and electric traction.
After 10 or a dozen years of agitation,
discussion and tentative movements the
city has now embarked upon a system ot
transportation that goes as far beyond the
electric car aa that went beyond the omni
bus. The Individual merely regards the
d perhaps a morn comfortable way ot
etting down town than he now enjoys.
Fj)Ut to the municipality It means much
(-more; it means the possibility of concen
trating more business than ever before,
because tho people to carry It on can bo
brought from greater distances within
the necessary time. The need for this
has been created by the modern system
ot constructing office buildings. The archi
tect and tho manufacturer of steel beam
have already combined to superimpose two
or three times the JU'rnber ot persons win
must be brought to business In tho morn
ing and taken home at night- The streets
are already as full of surface and elevated
roads aa they can be without Impeding
business Instead of accelerating It, and
depreciating property Instead of advancing
its value. Nothing remained but the tun
nel. The tall building, then, and the under
ground railroad are the. conditions with
out which no very great additional de
velopment of the city was possible. New
York would grow without them, but it
would grow slowly. Its business could
enlarge, but only by spreading over more
rpace. where concentration was essential.
Following the tall building, which treble!
or -quadruples the floor space In the busi
ness section, comes the underground road
which will carry to a more distant resi
dence section the additional population
needed to do business on that Increased
floor space, and the ceremony of Saturday
afternoon marks the beginning of an Im
provement which will permit the vast
commercial expansion -of New York during
the 20th century.
Tlin WESTMIXSTER COXPBSSIOJf.
These Are the Words Aliont Which
Controversy la Xovr Raging.
"By the decree of God, for the manifes
tation of His glory, some men and angels
ara predestinated unto everlasting life and
others foreordained to everlasting death.
These angels and men, thus predestinated
and foreordained, are particularly and un
changeably designed, and their number
Is so certain and definite that It cannot be
either Increased or diminished.
"Those ot mankind that are predestin
ated unto life, God, before the foundation
of tho world was laid, according to His
eternal and Immutable purpose and the
secret counsel and good pleasure of III:
will, hath chosen In Christ unto everlast
ing glory, out of His mere free grace and
love, without any foresight of faith or
good works, or preseverance In either of
thorn, or any other thing In the creature,
as conditions or causes moving Him there
unto: and all to the praise ot His glorious
grace.
"As God hath appointed the elect unto
glory, so hath He. by the eternal and
most free purpose of His will, foreordained
all the means thereunto. Wherefore they
who are elected being fallen In Adam,
are redeemed by Christ, are effectually
called unto faith In Christ by His Spirit
working In dueseaaon: are Justified, adopt
ed, sanctified and kept by His power
through faith unto salvation. Neither are
any other redeemed by Christ, effectually
called. Justified, adopted, sanctified and
saved, but the elect only.
The rest of mankind God was pleased,
according to the unsearchable counsel of
H' own will, whereby He extendeth or
withholdeth mercy as He pleaseth. for the
glory of His sovereign power over His
creatures, to pas by and to ordain them
to dishonor nnd wrath for their sin. to the
praise of His glorloua Justice."
a
I'lnln Duty- or PInIn Perfidy.
Chicago Inter Ocean. Rep.
Republtca'-B In Washington still propoe
to "comprorrlsa" with Pue-to Rico. They
put forward va-lous schemes to silence
the prot-B'- of the p-ople on the one side
without offending tte sugar and tobacco
lobby on the other. Net one of these
schemes la more than a political expedient.
Not one of them pretends to be more. Yet
ds political expedients they ore all bound
to provo absolutely futile.
"Cur p'nin duty is to abol'sh all cus
toms tariffs between the United States
and Puerto Ulco and give her freo access
to our markets." said the President on
Dcctmber 5. Those wordei have been Im
printed Indelibly an the National con
science. They cannot be wiped out by any
trick or subterfuge or expedient. They
mean that Puerto Rico must receive ab
solutely "free access to our markets."
without halt or hindrance, or "plain duty"
must be flouted.
There can bo no middle way. no com
promise. Blther the Republicana'ln "Wash
ington break faith or keep It, fulfill their
proml'e or repudiate It, hold fast to their
platform or desert It.
That Is the naked truth that no pre
tensrs can veil, that no excuses can dis
tort. On it, the Republican party will be
approved or condemned next Fall, and all
the words that can be spoken will not
bury It out of sight.
Plain duty or p.ain perfidy which shall
It be?
Tommy Atkins.
A British army chaplain, the Rev. E J.
Hardy, has publshcd a book on "Mr.
Thomas Atkins." In it, the origin of the
sobriquet to given: Thomas Atkins was
the name of a sentry who, when the Eu
ropeans In Lucknow were fljlng for the
Residency, from the mutineers, refused to
leave his post, and so perished. After
that It became the fashion to speak of a
conspicuously heroic soldier In the fights
with the rebels as "a regular Tommy At
kins." The British soldier has every rea
son for pride In his nickname. Thomas
Is a flrst-rate hand at Inventing nick
names, several pages of which are given
in this book ot Mr. Hardy's. The Gren
adier Guards were nicknamed "The Coal
heavers," because they were at one time
allowed to work In plain clothes at odd
Jobs for private employers. The Seventh
Foot were the "Elegant Extracts, be
cause at one time all their officers 'had
been chosen from other corps." "The
Forty-sixth owed their name of "The
Lacedemonians" to their colonel's stirring
speech on the ancient Spartans. Like
many other regiments. "The Gallant Fif
tieth" received several nicknames "The
Blind Half-Hundred," from their ophthal
mic troubles In Egypt, and "The Dirty
Half-Hundred." because In their Penin
sular fights they wiped themselves with
their black facings. The One Hundredth
Regiment are "The Old Hundred" and the
"Centipedes." The Twenty-elihth were
called "The Fore and Afts," because.
standing back to back, they repelled a
front and rear attack before Alexandria
In 1S01. The Cheshire Regiment has been
christened "The Lightning Conductors,"
because 'In tho Irish maneuvers of 1SS9
several men were struck by lightning dur
ing a night march."
Chaplain Hardy has many stories to
telI,'among them that of a Tommy who,
deserting from his hospital. In the hlua
flannels of a patient, "stripped a scare
crow m a potato field, and gave It my
blue things In exchange." It was a
thoughtless custom for a regimental band
to practice the "Dead March" whenever
It was seen that a patient was' beyond
hopo of recovery. Among regimental
pets, the goat of the Welsh Regiment is
renowned. The Rev. Mr. Berry narrates
the story of a goat who, when on the
march, "used to be drunk three or four
nights In the week." Tommy had not the
heart to stop Billy's liquor, and Billy's
life was cut short In consequence. The
Seaforth Highlanders' custom of bringing
In the new year Is appropriate and pic
turesque. Ai five minutes to midnight
the oldest man In the regiment, arrayed
as Father Time. Is played out of the bar
racks gate, to the tune of "Auld Lang
Syne." After the clock strikes, comes
the youngest drummer boy, as the New
Year. "Who goes there?" says the sen
try. "The New Year." replies the small
boy. "Advance. New Year: all's well, is
the sentry's response. The boy finishes at
the officers' mess, after which the fun
begins.
i
An Enstcr Problem Solved.
A curious question has arisen in England
nhnnf hp date of Easter day this year.
The rule laid down in the Book of Com
mon Prayer, which to tho authority there,
is as follows: "Easter day is always the
first Sunday after the full moon which
happens upon or next after the 21st day of
March: and If the full moon happens upon
a Sunday. Easter day Is the Sunday
after." The hours of sunrise and ouneet
are different In England from the United
States, except on the two equlnoctal days,
England being In a higher latitude than
any part of the United States. Tho hours
of the changes of the moon are also dif
ferent. In the latitude of Baltimore the
full moon, which happens on or next after
March a this year. Is on April 14. at S:02
P. M. There can be no doubt, therefore,
that In the United States and In all coun
tries of the same latitude. April 15 Is East
er day. But in England the full moon
haDnens on Sunday. April 15. at 1 o'clock
A. M. Therefore, according to the strict
rule. Easter day there should be April 22.
and that would be a different Easter from
ours. The question thus raised in England
Is of business aa well ns of religious im
portance, for Monday in Easter week Is a
bank holiday, and no uncertainty could ue
allowed. The attention of the Cab'not
was called to the matter, when, as a
correspondent of the New York Sun states.
tho Attorney-General solved tne aimcuity
by declaring that the Parliament had en
acted a law In former years nxing tne
paschal full moon for tho year 1900 on
April 14. In defiance of the calendar and
the actual fact. The same question, the
Attorney-General said, had arisen In 1818
and in 1S43, and a fictitious or legal full
moon became necessary to prevent having
different Easter days In different parts
of the United Kingdom.
I IS!
The Same Old Itrynnlsm.
New York Tribune.
Bryanlsm In 190 means Just what It
meant in 1&& That is the salient fact oi
the Nebraska Democratic platform, which
has been put forth with Mr. Bryan's full
approval. It is true that on some ques
tions the quondam "boy orator" trims and
hedges. Such is tho case particularly In
respect to issues that have arisen elnco
1596. But after all. the pith of the matter
Is Indisputably contained In the opening
paragraph, which says:
We, the Democrats of Xebraska. In conven
tion assembled, do hereby reofnrm, and Indorse.
In whole and In part. In letter and In spirit,
the platform adopted by the Democratic Na
tlnrat Convention held In Chlcsjro In 106.
That Is sufficient. It establishes beyond
all doubt or question the fact that Mr.
Bryan stands this year, as he stood four
years ago. for free coinage of silver at-the
ratio of 16 to 1, for a Socialists income
tax, and for packing the Supreme Court
of the United States for political purposes.
That Is what Bryanlsm meant In 1!96.
That is what it means In 1900. It is the
same old Bryanlsm.
si
The Cut Xall Revives.
According to the Wheeling Register
there Is a renewed demand for the Iron
cut nail as against the wire nail, which
has for years been displacing It. "It ap
pears," says the Register, "that experience
has proven that the wire nail Is sadly lack
ing for certain purposes: at least, it aoes
not supply the place of the cut nail, and
the building trade is generally recognizing
the fact and returning to a greater or
lees degree to the use of the iron-cut nail.
All of which Is of special Interest to
Wheeling, once the home of the cut-nail
Industry. The demand has grown so
strong that there Is soma difficulty In sup
plying It."
i o
The Dlsarnated Cltlaen.
PORTLAND. April 2. (To the Editor.)
Disgusted with the President, Senate and
politicians, the undersigned would like to
say for the privilege of voting for Roose
velt and Olney. or Olney and Roosevelt:
I will pay $25 toward a campaign fund for
the honor. I have spoken to six men to
day and five of them said they would do
the same.
It would bo a good Joke on the poli
ticians, who look on all citizens as suck
ers, to havo the big dally papers take this
up and get about 1.000.000 men to subscribe.
I believe ltould be done. W. C.
i
A Testimonial.
Philadelphia Press.
"I've called." said the patent-medicine
man, who was after a testimonial, "be
cause I understand our tonic did you good,
and"
"l'cs," the victim Interrupted: "it did mo
good nnd proper. Two more bottles would
probably do me completely. What! going?
Good day."
I i
It la n Corker.
Boston Herald.
One difficulty the Democrats are going
to have In trying to make a campaign
Issue out of the Coeur d'Alene trouble
is that Governor Steunenberg, who as
sumes the responsibility for calling in
the troops, is a Democrat. This fact is
something of a corker.
i
Superstitions Collide.
Indianapolis Journal.
"A horseshoe, you see, got wedged In the
switch."
"Did It derail your car?"
"Not much. My caro was No.' 13."
Inexpensively Mnnnsed.
Detroit Journal.
'Your capital Is not large."
"But quite sufficient- You see, our busi
ness Is peculiar In that It does not neces
sitate any evasion of the laws."
The Perverse.
Post Wheeler In New Tork Press.
Silently I sit.
Soberly I walk.
All tendernees of It
Banished from her talk!
Could I Jest or sing-.
Or forret a while
Could I tell her anything
That would bring her smile!
It wss murder red.
It was murder white.
Those few bitter wcrds I said
On that bitter night!
Twas a devil lay
Curled within my soul!
I would give my life away
To take back the whole!
It la mln- to weep.
It Is mine to bow.
Cut the devil In me deep I
Will not let me now.
N0TB AND COMMENT.
April weather came In on schedule! time.
The Marquis of Queensberry rules do
not apply to the Chinese Boxers.
It is now up to the powers to hold a
piece conference to determine the man
ner of partitioning China.
Hanna advises the party to stand by
the Administration, but he falls to in
clude directions how to find it.
A case 102 years old has Just been set
tled In the Court of Claims In Washington.
The leading lawyers on both sides must
have been on a vacation.
It is reported upon good authority that
a Salem business man, upon having pre
sented to him a blli for $5 23. spent 13
minutes getting a nickel changed so
that he could pay the exact amount. When
he at last found the pennies, he remem
bered that his creditor once got the best
of him by 1 cent in making change and
refused to pay more than to 22. The cred
itor did not spend any time disputing ove?
tho matter.
The Summer resort business Is a leading
Industry ot New Hampahlre, and the Stats
Labor Commissioner fittingly treats of It
as ot any other large financial and com
mercial enterprise. He finds that $10,443,
000 has been Invested In Summer-boardeS
property, and that tho number of visi
tors to the state during last season was
174,250. Each one of this number only haa
to leave behind him an average of $19
above cost of keeping to net 17 per cent
on the property said to be Invested In tha
business. That Is way ahead of farming
or cotton manufacturing or almost any
other New Hampshire Industry, which
could be named.
Streaks o sunshine, ,
Spots o rain.
Flowers bloomln"
Down the tare,
Birds a slngln'
Here an' there,
Slossoms tallln
Everywhere. ,
in the branches
Specks o" green ,
Where the leaves can,
Just be seen.
Drops a gleamln'
On the gram.
6hlnc like diamonds
Whenjoupap
Fragrance noattn'
On the hrc-ete.
Hummln sounds
O bugs an" bees.
Sleepy feelln"
All aroun.
That Is April
. Out o' town.
The saucy, pugnacious British sparrow
has few friends, but Is, generally speak
ing, pretty well able to take care of him
self. Once In a while ho gets a well-deserved
drubbing, to the delight of all be
holders. An Incident of this kind occurred
out on Nineteenth street recently. A
number of blackbirds nest In the trees on
some of the double blocks In that section,
and are made pets ot by all the residents,
and feel very much at home there. Sev
eral of these beautiful birds, with their
glossy plumage glistening like a black Jug
In the sunshine, were strutting along tho
street and enjoying themselves in a dig
nified way, when a sparrow alighted near
them and began jawing at and abusing
them. The blackbirds paid no attention
for a time, but as the noisy nulsanco
kept, following them up and becoming
moro abusive, one of them finally turned
suddenly and gave the sparrow a prod
with his bill which knocked him oft his
feet- As soon ns he got up the blackbird
went for him again, and despite all his
screeching, knocked him over into a pud
dle and continued to peck at him. The
noise attracted a number more blackbirds
from the adjacent grounds, and they
heartily applauded their champion, and
some of them lent a beak at pummellng
the poor sparrow, who continued screech
ing and put up the best fight he could.
When he finally got out ot the puddle, his
plumage was so bedraggled and he had
been so roughly handled that he could not
fly, nnd was very glad to escape under a
gate into an adjoining lawn and seek ref
uge In a prickly shrub where the black
birds could not get at him. They walked
around the bush for a while and finally
flew away. The sparrow then came out
and sunned himself In the sun. and then
tviih a. "who cares a d V expression.
went off to engage in another row with
some one of his own size.
Game Warden QulmTy calls attention
to the fact that most of the farmers do
not need education to know thtt the In
sectivorous birds are their best friends, but
the expansion of agricultural education 13
impressing this fact to the degree of Im
portance It Is entitled to. Recently two
quail were sent to the Agricultural Col
lege of Michigan by a farmer who wroto
that he killed them because they wero
eating his grain. He wished an examina
tion made of tho crops of the birds, which
was done and the result made public la
neither crop was found any grain, but in
one of them was found 4D0O seeds of tbo
false nettle, a very troublesome weed,
which goe3 to show clearly, as most ot
the farmers know, that the quail. Instead
of being an enemy, was really a great
help. Professor Barrows, of the Agricul
tural College of Michigan, says that tha
quail and other birds eat of very larga
variety of noxious weed saed, besldeo
grasshoppers, chinch bugs and other In
jurious insects. He recently examined a
quail's crop and found it full to 1U
utmost capacity of span and measuring
worms, both of which are among tha
farmers' numerous enemies.
Sometimes the fruit farmer Is inclined
to shoot the birds In his fruit trees, but
those who have made a study of the sub
ject contend successfully that the farmer
can well afford to raise fruit for the blrd3
in order to corapensato them for the ser
vice they render to him. This department
Is endeavoring to give all the assistance
It possibly can for the protection and
preservation of lcsectlvous blrd, be they
game birds, song birds or others. Thero
have been but a few convictions In the
past year for the killing of these Insec
tivorous and song blrdi, and still greater
pains are to be taken In the future for tha
enforcement of a wise and Just law, look
ing to the eafe-guardlng of our birds.
Spring- Fever.
Joslah, Wink In Baltimore American.
Lazy, lazy, lazy!
Hit's de fprlngtlme ccmln sho.
Hit's put de tlah'dneae) In man back
Twell I caln't wuk no mo.
Lazy, lazy, lazyl
Twell I caln't shovel coal.
But Marry do de washln
For de white folks, bresa 'er soul.
lazy, lazy, lazyl
Want to git out In a boat.
En watch de co'k a-bobbln.
En' Je-s' lay dan en' float,
Tlahd tiah'd. tiah'd!
Hit mua be In de alh.
En' Marty she'd be lazy.
Ef she had d? time to epafh.
'La.tr. lazy. lazyl
Jes es feeble es kin be.
I's zoos too tiah'd to eat de stuff
Bat Marfy cook foh me. -
Tiah'd. tiah'd. tiah'd".
I es caln't draw mah breff.
When Marfy done dat washln
She cn take hit borne huhseIt
' - 4&-i-i i - l-- - -
-sTA. 1314- -.
4ft - .
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