THE MORNING OREGONIAN, FRIDAY, MJJJKCII, 16, 1900.
to vzQonuxn
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TODAY'S WEATHER. Fair, becoming; cloudy
and cooler; Rinds east to southeast.
PORTLAND, FRIDAY, MARCH 1C
YET OXCE MORE.
At Goldendale, "Wash., there Is a citi
zen named Enos. -who Is full of can
tankerous phantasms. Such person is
naturally expected to be contentious
and disputatious. This particular in
dividual has special piques and animos
ities against The Oregonian, no doubt
because it talks sense, with which his
cranky opinions come naturally and
violently in conilict; but it is evident
that he constantly reads every line it
prints. Hence he deluges The Orego
nian with letters, meant to be sarcastic
and severe, some of which it has
printed, others not. A while ago The
Oregonian remarked that the so-called
Monroe Doctrine was suggested to the
"United States by George Canning,
Prime Minister of England, in 1S23.
This has greatly ruffled the temper of
our unhappy friend, and he has written
several letters about it.
He thinks he finds the Monroe Doc
trine in Washington's Farewell Ad
dress, in which our country was urged
to pursue a policy of peace and friend
ship with all nations, free from entang
ling alliances with any. Certainly, if
this cantankerous disputant thinks he
finds the Monroe Doctrine there, he is
welcome to the enjoyment of the dis
covery. Of course, however, he must
misquote The' Oregonian, which, he
says, after attributing the "doctrine"
to Canning, cited Charles Francis Ad
ams as authority to prove that his
father, John Quincy Adams, was the
author of it. The Oregonian simply said
that Charles Francis Adams "claimed"
for his father the authorship of it;
and then It proceeded to state briefly
certain historical proofs that the sug
gestion, used by President Monroe in
his message of December 2, 1823, came
from Canning. Of this no person of
competent information entertains a
doubt; and the citation from Washing
ton's Farewell Address is about as
much to the purpose of proof in this
case as it would be to quote from Eu
clid's Elements. For there are proofs
as to the origin of the Monroe Doctrine
something more relative than general
ized statements gathered from the ex
pressions of those who lived and died
long before the conditions arose which
called it forth.
The literature of the so-called Monroe
Doctrine is so large that no newspaper
article can contain even an outline of
It. Results only can be summed up. It
is not necessary to assume that Great
Britain's action was wholly disinter
ested. Ever since 1810 the Spanish col
onies of America had been successively
drifting into open revolt. These colo
nies had freed themselves from the co
lonial bondage which fettered their
trade with the outside world, and Great
Britain had profited largely by their in
dependence. Here doubtless was one
reason why the English nation looked
with disfavor on the proceedings of the !
European Holy Alliance and Its mani- i
fest disposition to apply the principle
of maintaining the legitimacy of exist
ing dynasties against revolutions to re
duction of the American colonies of
Spain to their former submission. Can
ning had reason to believe this would
be attempted; he mentioned his suspi
cions to Richard Rush, the American
Minister in London, and expressed his
great desire to have the United States
join with him in endeavoring to thwart
the object of the allied powers. The
original documents are in "The Court
of London, 1S19-25," by Richard Rush,
and in the "Memoirs of John Q.
Adams."
It wou!4 appear that Adams thought
lightly cf the matter; but other mem
bers of the Cabinet, particularly Cal
houn, and the President himself, were,
cs Adams says, "very much in fear that
the Holy Alliance would restore all
South America to Spain." It was Can
ning's communication to Rush that had
awakened this interest and solicitude;
and these were the circumstances that
caused the formulation of the cele
brated passage in the President's mes
sage the following December.
There Is no kind of doubt about it.
No Incident or episode In our history Is
clearer, and it is "necessary for no one
to rummage the dark closets of his Im
agination for sources or reasons, when
the written history Is so plain. But
for Canning's communications to Rush
there would have been no such passage
In President Monroe's message as that
known as embodying the "Doctrine"
which bears his name.
Striking confirmation of Canning's
position is furnished in the "Memoirs
of Prince Metternlch," published only
a few years ago. It is therein recorded
that in the summer of 1S24, several
months after President Monroe's mes
sage became known in Europe, a note
was addressed to the allied powers by
the Spanish Minister of Foreign Af
fairs, proposing a conference to be held
at Paris, to take into consideration the
regulation of Spanish-American affairs,
and to which England should be in
vited. France, Austria, Russia and
Prussia adhered to the plan, but the
invitation was met by Canning, Metter
nlch says, with an "almost brutal" re
fusal. It is very probable that, had not Cas
tlereagh, who was about as absolute a
despot as Metternlch himself, taken his
own life (Carotid-artery-cutting Cas
tlereagh, Byron calls him) thus get
ting out of the way so that Canning
could succeed him, to introduce more
liberal principles Into British policy, the
general course of the world's history
since that time would have been very
different from what we have actually,
witnessed. At any rate, there is no
need of further disputation about the
actual origin of the Monroe Doctrine.
The United States, then a weak power
physically, would have been in no po
sition, without the support of England,
to take this stand against European
intervention In American affairs; and,
on the other hand, the action of the
United States, called out by the British
Government, strengthened the latter In
opposition to the plans of the Holy Alli
ance. This is the nearest approach
ever made to any important co-operation
between the United States and
Great Britain; and the history of it
may be studied with profit by those
fearful souls who frighten themselves
with talk of "British alliance" now.
Co-operation with Great Britain on the
principles set forth In the Monroe Doc
trine was the nearest approach also
that we have ever made toward an
"entangling alliance" with any Power.
Had it been necessary at that time to
enforce the principle of non-intervention
of Europe in American affairs,
Great Britain would have been our
nllv nr If nhn rind not. there COUld
have been nothing but defeat and hu
miliation before us. But at that time
we should hot have thought of pro
claiming the doctrine, except for the
suggestion of Great Britain and the as
surance of her support.
A LIGHT FR03I ASIA.
There Is a most remarkable article In
the Forum for March that should be
read by every thinking man In Amer
ica. It Is from the pen of Ho Tow,
Chinese Consul-General to the United
States, and it puts before the world a
specimen of high economic thinking
that puts to shame the tawdry contri
butions with which the Forum is wont
to disfigure the blameless white of Its
pages. There are eternal principles of
human development, written in this
Chinaman's essay, which are an undis
covered country to half the members
of our Congress, and as unfamiliar to
our magazines and politics as they are
to the pages of the Forum. The article
as a whole Is a fit Introduction to the
study of the practical political econ
omy that awaits the Americans of the
twentieth century.
The Consul-General Is answering a
recent argument made In the Forum by
Mr. John P. Toung, of San Francisco,
who sought to establish that China's
development bodes 111 to the United
States, because the Chinese will under
sell us as competitors and fall of in
creasing demands as buyers. Mr.
Young's misconceptions have been
abundantly refuted, but by none so ad
mirably as by this gifted Chinaman.
He takes up the errors one by one and
puts them alongside the ascertained
truth of experience In a way that
leaves them without a shadow of sup
port or excuse among thinking men.
The assertion, for example, that China
will only sell us Increasing volume of
wares for gold, overlooks the fact that
China absorbs not gold at all, but sil
ver. If she will take our sliver in lim
itless quantities, our mines will profit.
But suppose we could reverse the
formula and sell everything we had,
and could make, for mountains of gold
from China; then would the very gold
itself become so common that Its pur
chasing power would depart and the
volume of exports must perforce end,
because of no returning values. Then
we should learn, as Ho Yow says, "the
great and universal truth that trade Is
barter, an exchange of goods for goods;
for as the night follows the day, heavy
imports into your country must be fol
lowed by heavy exports."
Then as to the Chinese lack of ambi
tion and absence of desire to improve
conditions and multiply wants. Here
is a question of faqt, and the evidence
against the pessimist is overwhelming.
"What does Mr. Young suppose to be
the incentive which forces the lowest
born coolie to strive in salt mines or to
pack burdens day by day over long and
tedious roads, if It is not that he desires
to better himself 7" The only reason
the Chinaman denies himself comforts
and even luxuries Is because he Is un
able to procure them. The moment his
means Increase, his needs expand. A
wealthy Chinaman dresses more expen
sively than the American of equal in
come. The coolies wear as costly
clothes as laborers of the same grade in
our Southern states. As soon as a Chi
naman can afford it, there spring up
about his home elegancies of architect
ure, adornment and dress; courts and
halls; vine-shaded corridors; rockeries,
flowers, fishponds and pavilions, lab
oratories, conservatories and libraries,
with materials, instruments and books
of American and European manufac
ture. "The modern American house,
with its conveniences and comforts,"
says Ho Yow, "will be the future
house of China. Her cities will be sew
ered and paved, lighted with electric
lamps, and threaded with electric car
lines. They -will have waterworks and
fire departments and spacious public
edifices." To get these things the Chi
nese must have money to buy; and
"the only things with which we or any
other people have to buy are the prod
ucts of our labor."
These are, after all, minor matters.
The real achievement of the Consul
General Is In showing the fundamental
error underlying the whole hypothesis
of the Young school of political econo
mists. The fear is that China may
grow so busy and prosperous trading
with us that we shall become poor, and
the hope is that China may continue
isolated and poor, that we may con
tinue prosperous. But Ho Yow wisely
says:
It la to mci most painful circumstance that
this Idea of the success of one nation being- de
pendent upon the non-Micceas of another nation,
and hence of the world, should be so widely
diffused In the United States; and It Is re
markable, too. that it should be diffused not
only in the teeth of philosophy, but in the very
presence of facts lncesantiy proclaiming to the
contrary.
Look at the productiveness of Eu
rope. Is that enormous output, di
rectly across from our eastern sea-'
board, inimical to our Interests? We
know that it is not. European activ
ity furnishes us the basis of trade, and
in trade each side" profits. Our Atlan
tic states face the competition of high
ly civilized. Industrially advanced na
tions; our Pacific states only the
masses of Asia, Just beginning to
awaken from the somnolency of centu
ries. "If you could put the United
States on a turntable and twist it
around until the Golden Gate opposed
the English Channel and New York
was before Hong Kong, would San
Francisco be benefited or damaged by
its contiguity to Europe?"
We have countless" statesmen and
scholars in the United States who could
J with profit be sent to school to this
sagacious Chinaman. In the mind of
every man who reads his article, the
name of China must hereafter stand for
something higher and better than be
fore. We are getting familiar, these
days, with the evils that flow from the
pernicious activity of the half-educated.
They muddle our finances, they
distort and encumber our trade, they
block out the pathway to a high place
among the nations. But it is Utile
short of humiliating to receive a lesson
in liberality and clear thinking from
a representative of the very people we
aspire to teach and elevate.
THE FAR-REACHING CONSEQUENCES
OF WAR.
When our Civil War broke out, Wen
dell Phillips said: "Nobody can tell
today what this war will bring forth;
for war, like Niagara, thunders to a
music of Its own." "The sequel of our
war proved that Mr. Phillips was right,
for It endured longer and produced
more radical results than the most
far-Elghted statesman had predicted.
So of this little Boer war; Its conse
quences are sure to be far-reaching
beyond the wildest dreams of any of its
Initial critics.
First, as to Great Britain, this war
has been a severe but valuable teacher
of the necessity for shaping her battle
tactics to meet successfully an enemy
armed with modern magazine rifles and
quick-firing cannon of long range; the
necessity of preparation for war In
time of peace; and that, while a man
of bulldog courage and resolution
makes a good soldier, he needs a highly
educated brain to make him a scien
tific, successful General. There is little
doubt that England hereafter will
maintain her army and navy In a high
state of military efficiency, and it is
not unlikely that she will complete her
Indian railway to Candahar in Afghan
istan. It Is probable, too, that the Brit
ish squadron will be made stronger, not
only on the Mediterranean, but in the
Chinese Pacific.
In other words, the Boer war has ex
posed to England the weak places in
her armor, and has opened her eyes to
the fact, that outside of Germany,
Italy and Austria, she had no friends in
Continental Europe, while even in Ger
many public sentiment was hostile, de
spite the friendly neutrality of Em
peror William. The warning will not
be lost on England. There will be no
Gladstonian statesmen hereafter placed
at the head of the Government; there
Is every probability of a return to the
Indian policy of Beaconsfield, which
Gladstone reversed. Great Britain will
proceed to arm all her Indian army,
both Europeans and loyal natives, with
the most approved weapons of modern
warfare, and will place her Indian
frontier In a condition impregnable to
assault. Great Britain Is likely to have
a very plain understanding with Rus
sia, both as to her encroachment from
Persia upon the frontier of Afghanistan
and as to her future designs in China.
The Boer war will leave England
stronger than she has been for many
years, and she is therefore likely to be
more peremptory with Russia and
France on provocation than she has, re
cently ventured to be. She Is likely to
be more aggressive, I :ause the war
will leave her full of confidence in her
self and In her colonial children.
The far-reaching effect of the Boer
war will be seen In Canada, binding as
It will the Dominion more closely to the
British Empire. Henceforth Canada
will be sure to have a larger standing
army, If she expects to be always ready
to send troops to any part of the earth
to fight the battles of the Empire. The
military spirit will increase In Canada;
her people will grow more pugnacious,
and are likely henceforth to get more
support from England in their diplo
matic differences with America than
they have had hitherto. There are
other effects of the Boer war that are
less obvious today, viz., the Increased
conservatism of both France and Rus
sia In the matter of forcing a quarrel
with England.
ENGLAND'S LATEST HERO.
Lord Roberts began his great turning
movement on the morning of February
13, when General French started for
Klmberley, and on the morning of
March 13 General French announced
that Bloemfonteln was ready to sur
render. No wonder the British public
are enthusiastic over the energy and
skill of their victorious General. Lord
Roberts shook the tree thirty days ago,
and since that date he has been busy
picking up the fallen fruit. From the
day that Lord Roberts turned General
Cronje out of his position at Magers
fonteln It was certain from a military
standpoint that the line of the Orange
River would be evacuated, that Lady
smith would be relieved, and Natal
cleared of the Boers. It was certain,
too, that Bloemfonteln would be evac
uated, for it Is Incapable of military de
fense. Nothing in the annals of English mili
tary history since Wellington's Penin
sular campaign equals In brilliancy the
strategy and battle tactics of Lord Rob
erts. The nearest approach to Lord
Roberts in skillful strategy Is found In
the masterly maneuvering performed
by Lord Clyde In his famous campaign
for the relief of Lucknow.. Lord Rob
erts was a young artillery officer under
Lord Clyde In the advance on Luck
now, and attracted the attention of
that able commander by his daring
courage, his energy and his high intelli
gence. Lord Clyde was distinguished
for courage, tempered with prudence,
for courtesy mingled with dignity, for
humanity toward nls men, by whom he
was Idolized. Lord Roberts more than
any other English officer of his day and
generation has reproduced the high
military talents, the prudence, the
courtesy and the humanity of Lord
Clyde, his first great commander.
The exploit which gave Lord Roberts
his first great fame, his march from
Cabul to the relief of the English army
before Candahar, afforded no opportu
nity for the display of the brilliant
strategy he has executed against the
Boers. The march to Candahar was a
bold undertaking, and could only have
been rapidly executed by a soldier like
Roberts, whose experience as Quartermaster-General
of the Indian Army,
and whose service as Quartermaster
General of General Napier's Abyssinian
expedition, had taught him how to strip an
army for passage through difficult
mountain defiles. The march to Canda
har was a memorable bit of military
work of Its kind, but as a strategic
performance it was not equal to the
sudden stroke by which Roberts has
hamstrung the Boer military elephant.
Lord Roberts is not only a great sol
dier, but his book, "Forty-three Years
In India," proves him to be a man cf
statesmanlike quality. The chapters
explaining the cause of the Indian Mu
tiny of 1S57 and setting forth the true
policy of' government for India are
worthy of, the highest praise. Not only
does his book reveal Lord Roberts as
a man of statesmanlike .quality, but he
Is always tolerant and humane. The
personal welfare of the English soldier
engages his attention; the abatement
of intemperance In the army greatly in
terests him, and altogether his book re
veals the man as an exceedingly able
soldier, with a marked capacity for
civil government as rwell as military
administration.
This was the impression that Lord
Roberts made upon General Grant,
who, on his return from his journey
around the world, said that Sir Fred
erick Roberts impressed him as by far
the ablest General In the English Army.
Lord Roberts Is like Grant In his sim
plicity of character, his modesty, his
humanity, his professional self-confidence,
and energy; and no wonder they
were pleased with each other and be
came warm friends at their first meet
ing. It is a curious fate that has permit
ted him to pluck the brightest roses of
his military chaplet at 68 years of age.
Sir Garnet Wolseley and his faction In
the British Army did not mean that
Lord Roberts should have a chance to
win any fame In the Boer war. Sir
Redvers Buller, It was confidently ex
pected, would have a walkover from
the Orange River to Pretoria, but dis
aster followed disaster in' such quick
succession that public sentiment forced
the Government to send out Lord Rob
erts and Lord Kitchener. It was not
unlike the situation before Santiago,
which looked so doubtful that Secre
tary Alger and President McKlnley
hurried Miles to the scene to stiffen the
spine of Shatter. Lord Roberts has
saved the British people from severe
humiliation at the expense of wrecking
the reputation of a number of English
Generals, from Buller down to Me
thuen. Bloemfonteln, where Lord Roberts
will rest his army until railway com
munication's restored between the Be
thulie Bridge and Norval's Pont cross
ings of the Orange River, Is about 122
miles south of Kroonstad, the new
rebel capital of the Orange Free State.
The new Boer line of defense will prob
ably be on the line of the Vet River,
about sixty miles north "of Bloemfon
teln. An Important bit of news Is the
announcement that Sir Charles War
ren, with his division of 10,000 men, has
been ordered back to General Buller.
which Indicates Lord Roberts' purpose
to threaten the left flank of the Boer
army through Van Reenen's Pass,
when he resumes his forward march
from Bloemfonteln to Kroonstad. This
would be the natural way for Lord
Roberts and General Buller to co-operate.
The return of Sir Charles War
ren's division would give General Bul
ler at least 25,000 men, with plenty of
artillery. With the railway from Lady
smith intact, General Buller could
bring all his supplies up to the point of
attack, and an army of 25,000 men with
strong' artillery could make an assault
that would at least compel the Boers
to weaken their main army by a con
siderable force to defend It. If the pass
should be forced by Buller, the Boer
left would be turned, for Van Reenen's
Pass commands the railway via Harrl
smlth and Bethlehem to Kroonstad.
Lord Roberts has secured Bloemfonteln
and the railway crossings of the Orange
River in good time, for the rainy sea
son is at hand, when wagon transpor
tation would be most difficult.
Adjutant-General Corbln, who Is
urged by the Secretary of War for pro
motion to a Major-Generalship, Is
charged by a correspondent of the New
York Evening Post with having de
bauched the Army in the matter of ap
pointments and promotions. The Army
Examining Board that met in New
York City to examine candidates for
second-lleutenantcles In the summer
of 189S reported twenty-four candidates
out of forty-nine disqualified for physi
cal disabilities, but, to quote literally
from a letter of the Adjutant-General's,
"the disqualification was waived by the
President," and. after an easy mental
examination, commissions were Issued
to almost all these relatives or proteges
of Influential politicians. The Post con
firms the statements of this correspond
ent, and says that at this examination
all but a few of the candidates failed
either mentally or physically; that two
were caught in the act of cheating, and
that one appeared In a state of gross
intoxication. Yet every one of these
men, whose cases were duly reported
to the Adjutant-General's office by the
officer in charge of the examination,
was-commissioned as an "officer and a
gentleman," and Is In the service to
day, some of them certain to be added
to the Government pension rolls before
many years have elapsed.
A striking Coincidence was the death
at Elmlra, N. Y., and Hartford, Conn.,
on the 14th Inst., of the two oldest
surviving members of the famous
Beecher family the one Mrs. Mary
Foote Beecher Perkins, at the age of
94 and the other Rev. Thomas K.
Beecher, at the age of 81 years. Of
sturdy fiber mentally and physically,
many of the numerous children of Rev.
Lyman Beecher lived to extreme old
age. Thomas K. was the last of the
sons, and, with Isabella Beecher
Hooker, of Hartford, the sole surviving
daughter, was born of the father's sec
ond marriage These two are, there
fore, half-brother and sister to Henry
Ward Beecher, whose name and ener
gies represented the independent, pro
gressive thought of the family, more
than any other member, with the possi
ble exception of Harriet Beecher
Stowe. The family originally numbered
fifteen children, of whom, however, sev
eral died in early life. They have all
now, with" the single exception referred
to, passed away, having left the stamp
of their energy and intelligence upon
the generation In which they lived.
The New York Times' London finan
cial correspondent points out the fact
that the visible stocks of gold In all
the reputedly wealthy countries, except
France, are less than they were a year
ago, though the new supply was over
$300,000,000. The Bank of France has
gained about 520,000,000. "Altogether
the visible stock of these countries In
the aggregate retains only about 16,
000,000 out of the 60,000.000 to 65,000,
000 added to the world's supply last
year." The stock In the United States
Increased about 560,000,000. The amount
used in the arts may have been as
much more. The Orient has absorbed
some, and In all probability the small
stocks of gold held In banks not Issuing
notes, and the amounts of gold actually
In current use, taking all countries to
gether, have increased. Wars and ru
mors of war Increase the disposition to
hold gold, and the enormous yield of
last year afforded the means of accu
mulating supplies, especially In quar
ters not directly influenced by note is
sues and governmental necessities.
The needs of the cavalry service have
fully demonstrated that It pays to
raise good horses. The demand for an
imals of certain weight and grade for
service In the Philippines, though an
unexpected or at least a sudden one,
has been met by horseraisers of East
ern Oregon and Washington, to their
substantial profit and to the satisfac
tion of the Government. The range
horse may be without commercial
value except as he Is converted Into a
food product of doubtful relish, but the
market for good horses, carefully bred.
Is strong and steady, and likely to
continue to be so Indefinitely. When
the Government pays from $118 to $128
per head for young horses of a certain
grade, horsebreeders can hardly com-'
plain that there is no money in the
business, especially since the demand
shows no sign of weakening. Electric
ity has supplanted horsepower In many
things, but the horse is a factor in mil
itary operations that will remain Inval
uable as long as nations go to war.
A bill is before the New York Legis
lature 'to classify any hatpin-more than
three Inches long as a dangerous
weapon. It Is suggested that one of
the incidental advantages that will fol
low the passage of this bill will be the
reduction of the size of the hat. When
the conning tower can no longer be
used as a storage battery for offensive
and defensive weapons, it Is argued
that It may come down. Truth to say,
however, there Is no indication of this
In the advance styles of spring milli
nery that are shown. The "conning
tower" has something of a tipsy lurch,
forward, back or to one side, but there
appears to be no material abatement
In the height of the plume-crowned,
violet-embanked structure.
The attempt to Introduce Mongolian
pheasants into the Klickitat Valley,
Washington, will without doubt prove
successful. Ten pairs of these birds
were recently purchased In Linn Coun
ty and turned loose near Goldendale,
and their protection is guaranteed In
the statement that "boys and girls as
well as older j)ersons are on the alert
to see that no harm comes to the
birds." The lesson may be one of
economy of resources rather than of
tenderness to dumb creatures, such as
delights humane people, but it is a val
uable lesson nevertheless.
While the matter Is fresh In mind,
The Oregonian would call the attention
of all interested in the new financial
bill to the full and clear explanation
of Its operations made by Secretary
Gage and printed In our telegraphic col
umns March 14. The Secretary's expo
sition Is well worth preserving for fu
ture reference.
"STOP IN TIME!"
Continued Protest From the Great
"Regular Republican" Organ
At ChlctiBO.
If there ever has been a through-and-
through machine party organ, the Chicago
Inter Ocean is entitled to that name. It
Is yet known as the absolute Republican
party organ of Chicago, and It stands
for "regularity" and all that the word
Implies, more strenuously than any paper
we know of, East or West. We copy
from Its Issue of Saturday last this strik
ing appeal, which carries the headline
"Stop in Time!"
Shifty evasion continues to mark every
stage In the advancement of the Puerto
Rico tariff bill. Every day since tho
House passed this monstrosity up to the
Senate has brought witn it new apologies
and excuses from the defenders of the
measure.
At first the plea was. urgent solicitude
for the material welfare of the Puerto
Rlcans. As If It were the part ot solici
tous humanity to wall up Puerto Rlcan
trade against Europe with the Dlngley
tariff; to wall it up against tho United,
States with tho Oxnara tariff, and then
to Impose on it In addition the heavy
internal revenue taxes of the United
States'
Next, the excuse was a desire to obtain
a decision from the Supreme Court on
Puerto Rico's Constitutional relations to
the United States. As If this decision
had not already been given In the case
of California and applied without ques
tion a few days since to the case of Ha
waii! And as if the fate of 800,000 suffer
ing Puerto Rlcans and the whole- ma
chinery of legislative government were to
be cast Into the balance for the mere saks
of a legal experiment, which heretofore
has always been tried by an importer's
appeal, to the courts!
Again, the excuse was that we must
make the island a prcedent for the Phil
ippines. As If the precedent had not al
ready been established In the case of Ha
waii! And as if It were not as easy to
mark the line between the Philippines and
Puerto Rico as to make It between
Puerto Rico and Hawaii, If such a course
should be deemed possible and desirable!
Finally, the excuse was pure charity.
The tariff was to raise money which
could be applied Immediately to the relief
of suffering Puerto Rlcans. As if the
natural way for such relief were not to
appropriate money directly from the Unit
ed States Treasury, as has been done In
all similar cases since the foundation of
this Government, Instead of resorting to
what Senator Davis has well called an
"anomalous, unheard of, unprecedented"
tariff!
The dishonesty of all these excuses wns
but thlngly, concealed from the first. Today
It stands for as naked as shame and a3
shameless as naked force. The people are
Informed bluntly that, no matter what
the merits or defects of the tariff bill
may be, every effort will be made to Im
pose It on the honorable Senate of the
United States Impose It on the Senate
under the hand of Marcus A. Hanna, as
It was Imposed upon the House under the
hand of Henry Oxnard, chief of the sugar
and tobacco lobby In Washington.
Maythe day still be far distant when
plain. Just, and honest requirements and
tf n hroh of nliented faith at th-
the great Republican party will flout such
behest of a lobby whoee sole purpose Is
to pocket the destiny of this country and
to bend Its future to the one end of per
sonal profits!
4 0
THE PROTECTIONIST ALLIANCE,
It Constitutes the Great Present Dan.
ser to the Republican Party.
New Tork Times, Ind. Dem.
Now that the principle of protection to
American Industries has lived Its full life
and done all the good that was In Jt, and
Is now doing Immeasurable harm to the
manufacturing Interests of the country,
the wiser men of the party, of whom the
President In his thoughtful moments is
one. would fain abandon protection as an
article of party faith and prepare for a
liberal and speedy remission of unjust and
obstructive customs taxes. Instantly the
powerful protected Interests issue their
commands to their faithful servants In tho
Senate and House to resist to the utmost
the adoption of the new policy. It was
the protected Interests that baffled the
President In his rightful attempt to give
the Puerto Rlcans In their distress the
boon of free trade with the United States.
It is the sturdy and hoggish beneficiaries
of high protection that now block the way
to the ratification of the reciprocity treaty
with France. They are Insolent, reckless,
selfish and firm. Their attitude embar
rasses the leaders and alarms the Presi
dent. The campaign is coming. He
shrinks from contention. Is afraid to make
enemies, and dreads new questions.
The result Is that the party presents, not
a united front, but a ragged and disorder
ly one. The progressive Republicans,
with their eyes turned to the future, see
the quick coming of a time when adher
ence to the outworn creed will destroy
the paity. They are far in advance. The
men of the grossly overprotected trusts
and combinations hang back and viciously
forbid the forward movement. The phe
nomenon we are witnessing is ready the
breaklng-up of the policy of protection.
Like the breaklng-up of a great ice-bound
river In the warm Spring-time, it Is a
spectacle of absorbing Interest, of many
picturesque moments, and well worth
watching, but full of danger to those
whose pursuit of happiness is dependent
upon the subject matter of the exhibi
tion. It has long been the opinion of this
journal that the eftort to get away from
the protectionist alliance would wreck the
Republican party. Tnat expectation
would be fully realized now If the Demo
cratic party had not taken the unforeseen
precaution to wreck itself nrst.
B
THE SHIP SUBSIDY RILL.
AVliat Can the Republican Leaders
Be Driving At
Tho House committee on merchant ma-
rine and fisheries, by a vote ot 10 to 0,
has ordered a favorable report on the
ship subsidy bill. The Senate amendments
and a few otners were agreed to. Among
the latter were two designed to prevent
the organization of trusts among tne
shipbuilders or shipowners. We confess
that we have not the remotest Idea wnat
the Republican leaders are driving at.
Sometimes it looks as though they really
dd not care about winning the approach
ing election. At a time when the Republi
can party is split In two on the Puerto
Rlcan tariff bill, when people are opemy
charging that It was the iniiuence of the
trusts that dictated that measure, and
when they know that our tariff law Is
crowded with discriminating taxes in favor
ot trusts, it certainly seems an act of
madness for the Republican leaders to try
to force through Congress a bill to tax
the people $9,000,000 a year for the benefit
of private industries.
The Piesident and the majority In Con
gress were warned about the Puerto Rl
can tariff bill, but they refused to listen.
Now they see the deplorable consequences
of their action. Is not the experience
enough to make them realize that they are
not Infallible? Do they think that they
have a free hand to do what they please,
without bringing disaster on themselves
and their party? There Is a strong oppo
sition to this susidy bill among Republi
cans. Senator McMillan had no difficulty
in finding It. Governor Mount has de
clared himself against the bill, saying that
It was an Inopportune time to be voting
public money to private Interests. And
the people, generally, are deeply convinced
that the bill is not only wrong in Itself,
but that It Is the product of a dangerous
tendenry.
If the Republican party can not be
moved by a regard for the welfare of the
people, the only thing left is to appeal
to its fears. Within the past few weeks
imperialism and trusts have developed In
to real Issues. No political party can af
ford to go against the people on those
Issues. The very amendments to the sub
sidy bill to prevent trusts make it clear
that the friends of the bill believe that
Its natural effect would be to create trusts.
Doubtless they are right. But whether
they are or not, the bill appropriates large
sums of money out of the taxes paid by the
people for the benefit of industries which
are already rich and powerful. That is
enough for the people to know. It ought
to be enough for the Republicans to
know. Yet every Republican member
of the committee yesterday voted for the
bill. Including Grosvenor, who did so much
to get the party on the wrong side of the
Puerto Rlcan tariff bill. Such Is the
leadership of the Republican party In the
House. As to the influences back of the
subsidy "bill, the people are pretty well
informed. Some of the men that will
profit most largely at the expense of the
Treasury If this steal goes through are
Standard OH magnates. Even the tank
steamers of the avaricious Standard Oil
monopoly will be subsidized!
e
X From 1 O.
New York Times.
When the Whig party was In the throes
of dissolution, Daniel Webster inquired,
In tones of anxiety: "Where shall I go?"
If the suoporters of Mr. W. J. Br an con
tinue to scuttle away from the principles
that constitute his entire stock In trade
with the alacrity they at present exhibit,
ho will shortly be heard asklg: "What
Is to become of me?"
Many, prominent Democrats who were
formerly free-silver men have lately aban
doned or lost faith In the cause of 16 to 1.
It now appears that, unknown to the out
side world, the Populists have substan
tially modified their position. Under the
cruel questioning of Senator Aldrlch, But
ler, ot North Carolina, and Allen, of
Bryan's own state, were forced to admit
In the Semite that they are no longer un
conditional free coinage men. Senator Al
len even confessed to a belief In Gresham's
law that a depreciated currency drives out
gold, a terrible heresy that Is utterly de
structive of the true Bryanlte faith.
a a
"Work for AH.
Episcopal Recorder.
The drops of rain and the rays of light
Are small themselves, but -vnen all unite
They water the world and they make It bright.
Then do not say, "Of what use 'am IT"
We may each do good if we will but try;
We may soothe some grief or some want sup
ply. We can give the poor a helping hand;
We can cheer the sick as we by them stand;
We can send God's word to the heathen land.
We can 'speak to others in tones of love;
Wo can dwell In peace like the gentle dove;
We can point the weary to rest above.
Oh. how sweet to think that In life's young
days
We may live to ahow forth our Savior's praise.
And may guide some feet into wisdom's wa. '
0
Not the Work of Governments.
Montreal Star.
It Is Idle to talk of the "understanding"
which has sprung up between Britain and
the United States as the work of govern
mentsIt Is a movement of peoples acting
under the natural Instinct to seek the
company of friends In the face of peril.
Party may assist or retard It; but, be the
peril real enoi'gh, the union will come
. p,eefr IrtJ1eft1SLticn,ana ln th worid
! e"ne.r AnSl-Saxon community gel
Its back to the wall, fichtinsr for it iif.
and the world will see the other rushing
to the rescue.
Reflex Benefit.
Detroit Free Press.
"Has your furnace been satisfactory this
winter?"
"I don't know how the rest of the fam
ily feel about It; but I've kept warm when
I'm at home, chasing down cellar to see
what was the matter with it."
0
Favoritism and Umlne Influence.
Detroit Journal.
"They are brothers; but they never
speak to each other."
"Family pride!"
"Pride?"
"Yes, they wish people to think their
father left a large estate."
a
God's Garden.
Richard Burton.
The years are flowers and bloom within
Eternity's wide garden;
The rose for Joy. the thorn for sin.
The gardener God. to pardon
All willing growths, to prune, reclaim.
And make them, row-ilk? in His name.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Debs will also run for President.
Why doesn't McKlnley offer to arbitrate
the situation In Kentucky?
In some climates there's always the devil
to pay until the weather settles.
When an army loses its head and lays
down Its arms. It usually has a hard time
to get on its feet again.
In the spring the young1 man wisely puts hla
oercoat In hock.
For he needs must make arrangements for the
coming: of the bock.
If Kipling doesn't write some more poet
ry, or get another attack of pneumonia,
his fame will be seriously imperiled.
That tomorrow's celebration will succeed la
plainly sen.
For the treea and shrubs and bushes all are
wearing of the green.
Bryan will be 40 years of age next Mon-
day-old enough to stop his "bimetallic"
twaddle and to grasp the folly of a "dou
ble standard."
The admirers of Governor Taylor are
talklng of presenting him a home. They
will be wise If they plan It on the style of
a feudal castle.
An exchange suggests that some ona
ought to hold an umbrella between Mc-
, Ki"ley and public opinion, but It doesn't
say which is reigning.
There is a saloon on top of San Juan
hill, but there wasn'twhen our boys went
up. which shows they were inspired by
patriotism, and nothing else.
Times are so good in Oregon that a large
t delegation unprecedented In number for
a welcoming party will go to the South
ern Oregon line to greet Colonel Bryan
when he enters the state. In fact, the
moat conspicuous member of the throng
will be Genecal Prosperity.
Mayor Van Wyck will use a silver spade
to turn the first clod of earth for tha
building of New York's new rapid-transit
road. The ceremony will take place on
March 24, at 2 o'clock In the afternoon. In
the presence of 5000 Invited witnesses, and
as many more as can get near the place.
Speeches will be made by several distin
guished persons, of whom Governor Roose
velt will likely be one.
Before his election to Congress Joseph C.
Sibley, of the Twenty-seventh Pennsyl
vania District, declared that In the event
1 of his succces he would divide his salary
, for the entire term among the five hos
1 pltals of his district. In accordance with
this promise, he has Just given $1000 each
to the Institutions named. When he rep
resented the Twenty-sixth District he dl
vlded his salary among the labor organisa
tions of Erie and Crawford Counties.
I Senator Depew tells of how he one
earned a princely fee. "The heirs to an,
estate," he said, "came to me for aid.
Their Inherited property showed more dobt
than assets, and there were many legal
complications. The whole burden wan
placed In my hands. I fought off tho ruin,
the foreclosures, the sacrifices, settling
claims and suits. I rescued and nursed
securities, and then took charge of thu
free property. I doubled It, and I received
from the heirs $200,000, though I never pre
sented a bill. The heirs received $4,000,000
Instead of nothing."
A general order of the War Department
publishes the names of those to whom,
medals of honor and certificates of merit
have been Issued and of those who have
been commended for gallantry within the
last two years and a half. The list con
tains the names of 5C army and volunteer
officers, or more than 400 enlisted men, and
of eight civilians, each of whom has done
some act of bravery or other good service.
Medals or certificates have been awarded
to a large number of colored men. Two
officers and 33 men still In the service are
to receive one or the other honor; nina
men no longer In the service, and one
man since dead, are llkewlie designated for
honor.
"A grateful public," says the Druggists
Circular, "will put Its hand deep Into lt3
pocket for a contribution to a fund for
erecting a monument to the man or wom
an who will devise some way or means ot
remedying the clothes-mangling evil. We
have laws prohibiting the use of citric
ac'd In lemonade or soda water, and that
acid Is made from lemon juice, and In the
small proportions used in beverages Is
quite harmless. Why not have a law
against the use ot chemicals on clothes!
If a man steals a shirt he is sent to the
penitentiary for a year or so. If he de
stroys Its usefulness and returns the re
mains he lies out of responsibility and
chuckles In his sleeve at the helplessness
ot his victim."
When the sun once more Is shining, and the-
Joyous warblers sing.
And the shade trees are appareled In the pal
green garb ot Spring:
When thp meadow brooks are purling as ther
glide among the grans.
And the gee?e are flying northward, blithely
honking as they pass:
When the frogs are piping shrilly, and when
flies the ghostly bat.
Then comes round the nappy season cf the
dainty sailor hat.
Perched at Just that artful angle which Is cure
to catch the eye.
How It wakens thoughts of Springtime as Its
wearer rustles by!
Then we realize that Winter with Its winds and
frosts is gone.
And the time of Ice-cream sodas and of plck-
nlcklng Is on.
It is only straw and ribbon, but It's charmlrg
for all that.
And there's nothing quite so Springlike as the
Jaunty sailor hat.
Though It's not the kind of neadgear that tho
sailors ever wear,
It Imparts to summer maidens quite a salt-sea-
breesy air.
And we never stop to wonder how it got Its
tarry name.
For, although It's an Impostor, It's bewitching.
Just the same.
And we're glad that Spring Is with us, with 1U
sunshine and all that.
Principally because right with It comes tb.9
charming sailor hat.
0
Dny anil Mp:ht.
Frank Carleton Teck.
The sliver spears of Morning, pointing high
Up from the East, deploy against the Night.
And as we look, aflame with pearly light.
The enowclad sentinels of ages vie
With the effulgent glories of the sky
In shifting splendors then the ravished eight
Beholds the God cf Day In mjstic might
Rloa regally aboe the mists a sigh
Of fcg veils lifting then the thrilling sweep
Of gladsome soloes freights the bracing air
With Joy till Sunset, when with reddened
spear .
The weary Chieftain o'er the Western deep,
In livid rage, retreats, the while a flare
Of scarlet lolleys taunts the hosts a-reari
Now on the field the starry hordes appear
And sow the glooming vault with crystal
sprajs.
Fair diamond treasures hung belike in praise
Of some fair astral goddeee drawing near.
High in the opal North, as if in fear.
The polar sentinel's pale face displays
The signal of the night, and all ablaze
With brilliant des the evening star stands
clear.
And now a beryl blush o'erepreads the East.
A cheering glow adorns the twinkling crowds,
The myrjad eyes seem symbols of Delight
Like some fair queen parading to the feast.
Slow gliding up among the Jeweled clouds.
Triumphant rides the mistress of the nlglitl