THE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, MAECH 7, 1900.
IXPLOSION OF DUST
Caused
the Death of
Coal Miners.
Fifty
TEN BODIES WERE RECOVERED
Eiirater Occurred la a. "Vcrt Virginia
Tovrn Terrible Scent at the
Slonlh of the Pit.
FIRE CREEK, "VV. Va.. March C The
most destructive mine explosion ever
known in the New River -district occurred
xt the Red Ash mine, shortly after the
m'ners went to work, early this morning.
Although the most heroic work of the res
cuing jmrty has been going on Incessantly
aH day. It is Impossible tonight to estimate
the full extent of the loss of life and
property. Ten dead bodies hive already
been aken out, ami the nuir.ber of the
dead may reach 50 or more. It Is thought
tonight that at least 40 miners are yet en
tombed in the wrecked mine.
T3ie Red Ash mine is a large drift, and
the explosion occurred near the entrance,
which is thus closed by the falling slate,
entombing a large number of miners.
The scene of the disaster is between this
place and Thurmond, on the south branch
of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad. J.
Fred Efflnger, of Staunton, Va., is the
principal owner of the mine.
Relief parties from great distances ar
rived as soon as possible. State Mine In
spector Plnckney, with, a corps of experts,
haa been on the ground during the day,
rendering all assistance possible and de
voting bis attention more toward' relief
than to an official investigation aa to the
cause of the disaster. The managers and
booses of all the mines in this district
came to the scene as soon as possible, and
Joined in the wor& of rescue, but they
were greatly Impelled by the extent of the
enormous blockade at the entrance to the
drift.
The large, .heavy side tiers of the en
trance were blcwni out to some distance,
together with a 2ot of heavy timbers.
Evon mules were blown out some dis
tance. The force of such an explosion
caused an Immense falling of the slate
and other debris, 50 that the entrance was
filled for a great distance. As many men
as could work at omj time were digging
away with all their might, and these were
relieved in short relays by other men, so
as to expedite the work as much aa pos
sible. The first successful strike of the res
cuers was about 10 A. M., when 10 bodies
were recovered It was found that seven
of them were already dead. The other
three were dying. As the miners had
fallen at different places in "the drift, and
th'e explosion had caused the falling slate
to blockade the rooms in different parts
of the mine, the work of rescuing the
men met with one great obstacle after
another. The men rescued at 10 A. M.
. wero not far from the entrance, while
others were at much greater distances
within the drift.
At the mouth of the mine the scene was
beyond description, the wives, children
and neighbors of those" who were known
to be entombed being there in full force,
and their distress was most Intense.
"While they were all seeking to help those
who were rescued) and to get the mine
reopened, yet these bereaved people were
for the most pant in the way of the rer
cuers, and had to bo held back from the
entrance.
The mine is one of the largest in West
Virginia, and was very heavily timbered
in the different drifts. It was for this rea
son at once feared that those who had not
beon killed by falling debris at the time
of the explosion would be pinioned by
the Umbors and suffer death from suffo
cation. .t ...
Air was forced' into the mine by engines
on the surface, which were kept work
ing after the explosion, but it was found
that air could be pumped into the drift
for only a short time, as the coal, stone
and earth shut off all possibility of pump
ing into the mine. The pumps and. all
other machinery in the mine were de
molished, so that everything had to be
done -through temporary arrangements on
tho surfrace.
After the men got under headway in the
work of rescue, they reached tho first
party In half an hour, but they met great
er difficulties after that time. It was
ithen that telegrams were sent to Mont
gomery. Charleston and other places for
physicians, nurses and caskets, but dur
ing the greater part of the day there was
use only for. the caskets. All work was
stopped in the surrounding mines of the
district, and the people within a radius of
many miles assembled on the grounds of
the Red. Ash company.
As victims were brought to the surface
and carried away on the hastily construct
ed stretchers it was frequently noticed
that many met their husbands, fathers,
brothers and sons among the rescuers
when they thought these men were in the
mine. The meetings between the men who
(had not yet entered the mines and their
families were very touching. All those
who could not find their friends in the
crowd assumed that they were in the in
closed mines.
Tho population of the mining village is
only 1500. All are miners, and very many
of them are related, and they all know
each other. Thero was great distress all
day among those who could not find their
friends or hear from them. As Thurmond
is only three miles from the scene of the
disaster, there wero some few in the mine
who lived at that place, but for the most
part the victims resided here, and the ca
lamity will reach almost every little
house in the mining town. None of the
people "here have been at their homes dur
ing the day, but all have remained around
the Red Ash mine. Some have not eaten
during the day. Food was liberally sup
plied to the relays of workmen In the res
cuing party, but many of the women who
could got no word of comfort refused to
eat or go to their homes.
The scenes around the homes where the
dead bodies are lying tonight have drawn
some of the Immense crowd away from
tho workmen at tho entrance to the mine.
Those working on the rescue relays say
that the scene becomes more terrible as
they got further into the mine. The men
become almost faint of heart when they
strike a place filled with dead bodies, and
In case the bodies are recognizable they
ore confronted with the remains of old
friends. Most of the bodies that cannot
be identified or recognized have been
placed in the lan,e blacksmith shop of the
Red Ash Coal Company, and that place
presents the appearance of" a horrible
morgue.- Although the bodies are man
gled beyond recognition, they are sur
rounded by those who are in distress and
h-uitfing their lost friends.
The general belief is that the explosion
occurred from contact with dust when the
minors entered this morning with their
light?, and that it was not due to fire
damp, as has been currently reported all
day.
Nearly all the men employed in the mine
were white, only about one-fifth being
colored, and most of the men were mar
rird and had families in the little cottages
near the tipple of the great mine.
A spr-clal train arrived tonight from
Montgomery at 7 o'clock, filled with re
porters, physicians, nurses and others,
and one car contained 30 caskets. After
the arrival of the train an order was rent
back to Montgomery for more caskets
Arfothcr train arrived from Charleston
with physicians, caskets and relief sup
plies. Still another train came in from
Hinton, but there is no need of physicians
and nurses, as evidently all of the vic
tims are dead.
The men were Just filing in to begin
their day's work, and their bodies are
scattered all along the main entry from
the mouth to perhaps a mile in the hill.
Of those who were but a short distance
insido the mine, almost all escaped alive,
but All were thrown down and rolled
along towards the mouth of the entry, or
were picked up and blown clear out of the
mine. Six wsre together at the motor
house, 70 foet Inside the mine, and
one of their number 'was killed,
the others escaping with injuries. The
first attempt to enter the shaft after the
explosion developed the fact that the
"after-damp" "was so strong as to rende
the rescue extremely slow and hazardous.
Up to midnight the work had progressed
about 2000 feet from the mouth.
Fell Tkroagli a Bridge.
PITTSBURG, March 6. The track of the
Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Rail
way, which spans Robinson street, Alle
gheney, sank under the weight of a heavy
freight engine at 1 o'clock this morning,
letting the engine and a freight car drop
to the street. Two men in the enclne
were killed outright, and a third probably
fatally injured. The dead are:
A. K. Miller, fireman, aged 21 years.
E. G. Dewald. brakeman.
Conductor James Martin was badly
scalded, and his recover' is hardly pos
sible. The engineer, Samuel Bryer, es
caped by Jumping.
Hallway Company Censured.
KANSAS CITY, March C The Jury in
the coroner's Inquest over the death of
the Schmldlapp family, of Cincinnati,
in the Missouri Pacific wreck near Inde
pendence, returned a verdict today cen
suring the railway company.
TURNER AND THE RUSKINS
Dlaparainer Remarks About the
Bafrpipc Arourted Mm. Ru.ikln.
Most of my time in London, says W. J.
Stlllman In the March Atlantic, was
passed in hunting up pictures by Turner,
and, of course. I made the early acquaint
ance of Griffiths, a dealer in pictures,
who was Turner's special agent, and at
whose gallery were to be seen such of his
pictures as he wished to sell; for no in
ducement could be offered which would
move him to dispose of some of them.
Griffiths told me that In his presence an
American collector, James Lenox, of New
York, after offering Turner 5000, which
was refused, for the old Temcraire, of-
fored him a blank check, which was
equally rejected. Griffiths' place became
one of my most common resorts, for Grif
fiths was less a picture dealer than a pas
sionate admirer of Turner, who seemed
to have drifted into his business be
cause of his love for the artist's pic
tures; and to share in his admiration for
Turner was to gain his cordial friends-hip.
Here I first saw Ruskin and was intro
duced to him. I was looking at some little
early drawings of Turner when a gentle
man entered the gallery, and, after a
conversation with him of some length.
Griffiths came to me and asked if I would
not like to be presented to the author of
"Modern Painters," to which I naturally
replied in the affirmative. I could hardly
believe my eyes, expecting to find in him
something of the fire, enthusiasm and
dogmatism, of his book, and seeing only a
gentleman' of the most gentle type, blonde,
.refined, and with as little self-assertion
or dogmatic tone as was possible conw
slstently with the holding of his own
opinions, suggesting' views rather than
asserting them, and as if he had' not him
self come to a. conclusion on the subject
of conversation. A delightful and to me
instructive conversation ended in an Invi
tation to visit his father's collection of
drawings and pictures at Denmark Hill,
and later to spend the evening at his own
1 houso in Grosvenor street.
I then saw Mrs. Ruskin, and' have a
very vivid impression of her personal
beauty, saying to a friend to whom I
gave on account of the visit Just after
that slie was the most beautiful woman
I had seen In England. As I went up the
street to their house, there was a bagpiper
playing near It, and the pipes entered into
the conversation in the drawing-room. On
my making some very disparaging opin
ion of their music, which I heard for the
first time, Mrs. Ruskin flamed up with
indignation, buf, after an annihilating
look, sho said mildly, "I suppose no
Southerner can understand the pipes," and
wo discussed them calmly, she telMng
some stories to illustrate their power and
the special range of their effect.
a
MUST THE HORSE GO?
Possible Effect of the Use of Auto
mobiles. In St. Nicholas for March, writing of
"The Automobile, Its Present and Its Fu
ture, ' Charles Barnard considers the pos
sible effect of horseless traction upon the
usefulness of the horse.
For 3000 years, perhaps for a much long
er time, men have used horses in peace
and in war. In all this time no one ap
pears to have imagined that the time
would ever come when we might not need
so many horses. If we examine on old
map of this country, we may trace a black
line, beginning at Cumberland, in Mary
land, and extending across the mountains
to the Monongahela River above Pitts
burg. This line indicated the great Na
tional road built by the United States
as a highway from the East to the then
far West, in tho Ohio Valley. Over this
great road thousands of horses traveled
in endless processions, dragging great
covered wagons; swift stage-coaches ran,
day and night, carrying passengers and
mails. This road with its enormous traf
fic was regarded as one of the wonders of
the New World. Washington considered
It a most Important public work, and be
lieved that all the country needed in the
future was more horses and more Na
tional roads. Today this long and costly
road Is almost forgotten. The great wagon
trains and swift stages long ago disap
peared. When, about GO years ago, tho railroads
came, many people thought that horses
would no longer be needed. This was soon
seen to be a mistake. It was found that
it took more horses to carry the freight
and passengers to the railroad stations
than were used before the railroads were
hullt. When, about 12 years ago, the trol
ley cars appeared, then many people said,
"This time the horses will certainly retire,
for there will be nothing for them to do."
Has it been true? And now. within two
years, people have said the horses will
surely disappear, for here are carriages
without horses. Do you believe that will
be true?
Trees From an Old Bnxket.
Scottish American.
It is said that the first willow trees In
Philadelphia (which grew on the site of
the Custom House) resulted from an ac
cidental discovers' on the part of Benjamin
Franklin, who found a wicker basket,
which had been thrown into a damp place,
sprouting. He felt much Interested, and
gave some of the cuttings to Charles Mor
ris, who planted them on his place. The
stalks took root readily and thrived, and
a number of willow trees resulted.
Mrs. Lrnvton Received the Money.
WASHINGTON. March 6.-General Cor
bln today turned over to Mrs. Lawton,
widow of the late General Lawton, the
fund subscribed by the people of the
country. It amounted to $9S.432 07.
a
Dake of Portland Decorated.
LONDON, March 6. The Queen has be
stowed tho late Duke of Westminster's
Order of the Garter on the Duke of Port
land. Hartford Is at Valparaiso.
SANTIAGO DE CHILE. March 6, via
Galvestoa. The United States trainlng
ehlp Hartford has arrived at Valparaiso.
e a
Marcus Daly Is in Georgia.
THOMASVILLE, Ga.. March 6. Marcns
Daly, of Montana, with his family, arr'ved
yesterday.
a
Those who wish to practice economy
should buy Carter's Little Liver Pills.
Forty Pills 'in a. vial: only one pill a dose. I
HIS TERM IS EXTENDED
FAUXCEFOTB "WILD BE CONTINUED
AS ENGLAND'S AMBASSADOR.
He "Will Remain at "Washington Un
til the Several Pending: Ques
tions Arc Closed.
WASHINGTON. March 6. Lord Paunce
fote today received a cablegram, from Lord
Salisbury notifying him that he would
be continued at this important diplomatic
post for the present, at least. Reference
was made to the pendency In the United
States of the Hay-Pauncefote treaty, and
of the several open issues of great im
portance with which the present Ambas
sador Is better fitted to deal than any
other person by reason of hla perfect
familiarity.
The Ambassador had made arrange
ments to return his family to England the
2Sth Inst, remaining. In the United States
for a fortnight longer himself in order
to close up his business affairs. The noti
fication received today has made a change
of piano necessary. His family have de
cided to remain in the United States with
the Ambassador during the spring months
at least, and it will be some day in June
before they leave. Just how long tnls
extension of the Ambassador's term of
office is to prevail is not known, positively,
but It is understood Lord Paunccfote
will remain at the head of the Embatay
until some time in the Fall. It Is said that
such an extension as this, the third, haa
only one precedent in the British diplo
matic service.
IN NORTHERN CAPB COLONY.
"Way Clear for Additional British to
Enter the Free State.
LONDON, March 6. The War Office has
received the following dispatch from Lord
Roberts:
"Osfontein, March G. General Gatacre
occupied Stormbexg yesterday. The lines
of the -railroad north and west will now
be repaired. General Clements is at Jou
bert's Siding, a station near Colesberg.
The Duke of Marlborough, with the Ox
ford Cdmpany of the Imperial Yeomanry,
has left Cape Town for NaauwpoorL Gen
oral Buller reports Natal now practically
clear of the enemy and that he cannot
hear of any formed bodies of them, any
where. The Boers left some ambulances
full of their Blck, from which the mules
had been taken for transport service."
The Boers in Northern Cape" Colony are
in full retreat to tho Orange Free State.
The possession of Stormberg puts General
Gatacre in railroad communication with
General Clements at Colesberg, for, though,
the Boers partially wrecked the railroad,
it is understood that it can be quickly re
paired, and thus the entrance of additional
British troops Into the Free State will bo
facilitated.
From Osfontein, where Roberts is op
posed by a good-sized body of Boere, there
Is still no news, except reports of minor
skirmishes.
The position gained by General Brabant,
at Dordrecht, is reported to be exceed
ingly strong. According to the Times cor
respondent, the Boers' numbers alone en
able them to retreat from Dordrecht, prac
tically unhindered. He also reports a vio
lation of the white flag by the Boers, they
having deliberately fired, at close range, on
a stretcher party.
General White's garrison has begun to
leave Ladysmlth, and is arriving at the
Mool River camp, where the troops will re
main several days, after which they w'll
go farther south. They are emaciated and
exhausted, and say the road to Colenso
presents scenes that exceed in horror those
depicted in Dante's "Inferno." Dead men
and anlmala are lying mutilated and pu
trefying In the trenches formerly occu
pied by the Boers, and filling the air with
a sickening stench. In cases where hur
ried burials had been attempted, the rains
have washed the earth away, and out of
the earth stick ghastly legs and arms of
dead burghers.
A dispatch from Osfontein says that ac
cording to the Boer prisoners, an Import
ant British success will cause President
Steyn to flee to Pretoria, leaving a pro
visional government at Bloemfonteln,
which Is llkels to make peace overtures,
those Free Staters not wishing for peace
treklng toward the Transvaal and helping
to make a stand which most of the British
military critics now point out will consti
tute the most difficult and deciding feature
of the war.
The recent rains have afforded Roberts
good grass, and copious supplies have
reached him. News of his advance is
eagerly awaited.
The Morning Leader eays: "One thing
we may bo certain of. Cecil Rhodes, who
knows South Africa, has made up his mind
that the annexation of the Republics will
not bring the lasting peace which our
Imperialists prophecy. Mr. Rhodes is so
sure this will not happen that he is pre
paring to get to work at once on the for
tifications of Klmberley. We Incline to
think that Mr. Rhodes is preparing for a
possible armed conflict with the Imperial
faction, which he fought at the polls and
In Parliament until 1S93. Ho Is preparing
to resist any attempt on our part to inter
fere actively In South African affairs, eith
er In the Interests of the Dutch elector,
whose vote Is already threatened, or of the
Kaffir laborer, -who" seems doomed to vir
tual slavery.
"This Is not. indeed, an extravagant hy
pothesis. Rhodes haa consistently main
tained a policy of 'Africa for the Afrlkan
der,' and on his lips the latter word la
synonymous with the financier. He will be
loyal to the English flag Just so long as
It continues to be a valuable commercial
asset."
BRITISH "WAR BUDGET.
Faint Praise by the London Press for
Hlclcs-Beach.
LONDON, March 6. The budget seems
likely to meet with considerable criticism,
especially from the fact that the
Income tax is made to bear vir
tually half of the amount raised
by the extra taxation. It had been
hoped in some quarters that sugar would
be taxed", but it is understood that there
was a fear of exciting the susceptibilities
of France and Germany by such a course.
The morning papers give Sir Michael
Hicks-Beach but faint praise. The Con
servative organs remark that the budget
has been received with suspicious cordi
ality by the leaders of the opposition. The
Times says:
"Sir Michael Hicks-Beach has missed a
great opportunity, which may never pre
sent itself again. In the present state of
the public mind, ho might have carried
the nation with him in a conservative re
form of the basis of our fiscal system.
It Is a trivial budget that any schoolboy
might have drawn up. Nothing has been
done to widen the basis of taxation or to
create a new reserve of contributory pow
er." The Standard, which comments in the
same strain, calls the budget "timid." It
finds significance In the pointed reminder
of the Chancellor of the Exchequer that
even a greater outlay may be necessary
within the year.
The Daily News and the Dally Chron
icle warmly praise the budget, expressing
the opinion that Sir Michael Hicks-Beach
has faced the situation with boldness -and
courage.
The Boer Front.
OSFONTEIN. Saturday. March 3. The
Boer position has now been fairly lo
cated as about four miles to tho British
front and extending about eight miles.
Tho Boer right consists of a high, long
mountain on th- north side of the river,
which General French shelled this morn
Ing. Apparently the space between the
mountain and the river has bean en
trenched. South of the river, the Boer
lines cover more ground. A few days ago
their left rested on the high kopjes stand
ing in the middle of the plain. They have
now been extended two mllci further
south, whllo six small kopjes stand In .the
plain between the center and the left and
between the center and the -river and
from a ridge behind which the Boers move
unseen. Tho weakness of the whole posi
tion, however, is that it can easily be
turned in either direction. The country is
flat and water abounds, the recent rains
having nearly filled all the dams.
EnfTRKemcnt at Pcptvortli Hill.
LADYSMITH. March 2. Three regi
ments of cavalry rcconnoiterlng north
ward today, saw a body of Boers behind
Pepworth Hill. Two long trains which
were ready to leave promptly, moved be
fore the troops reached them, and tho
Boers blew up a culvert behind thorn, as
they went.
The British pressed a large body of
Boers In the vicinity of Pepworth. The
Boers opened a heavy rifle fire and the
British field guns replied. Tho British
did not press tho attack and the Boer fire
ceased, on the British retiring. The Boer
camps showed many evidences . of the
presence of women.
An auction was held of things brought
from the Boer camps. A bunch of grapes
cold for 23 shillings, 50 cigars brought W,
nnd a quarter of a pound of plug tobacco
43 shillings.
Boer Fort Cnjitured.
DORDRECHT, March 5. Following yes
terday's successes, General Brabant again
engaged the Boers today with advantage,
holding the position captured yesterday.
There was somo sharp fighting this morn
ing. The British lost Ave or six men and
captured the Boor fort, thus vastly im
proving their position. The Boers fought
tenaciously, contesting every Inch of the
ground, but ultimately retreated suddenly,
carrying off their guns and wagons. A
mounted force pursued them but the re
sult is not yet known.
The British casualties during' the two
days were 30 wounded and 12 or 13 killed.
The Boer losses are unknown. Through
out the arduous fighting and severe fa.
tiguc, the Colonials have behaved splen
didly. Tapper on the "War.
BOSTON. March G. A meeting In aid
of the British South African patriotic
fund was held last night. Sir Charles
Tupper was the principal speaker. Be
tween $1500 and $2000 were raised by collec
tion. When Sir Charles Tupper was nre-
sented, the audience cheered wildly as he
advanced to the front of the platform.
He said:
"The question Is whether the millions of
inhabitants of South Africa are to suffer
under a government of the 17th century
or whether they are to live under the en
lightened rule of the 19th century. This Is
not a war of freedom, but of elviiizn-
tlon against an oligarchy."
The Montreal Riots.
OTTAWA, Ont, March 6. In the House
of Commons. McNeill (Imperialist, North
uruce), referring to the Montreal riots.
said the British flag had "been torn down
and trampled under foot, and Insinuated
that President Kruger's money was at the
bottom of the affair. Premier Laurier re
pudiated the Insinuation with warmth.
MARRIAGE BY FORCE.
Indians of Ticrra del Faego Take
Advantage of Their Strength.
Dr. Frederick A. Cook tells of a little
known race of aborigines In an article in
the Century Magazine for March on "The
Giant Indians of Tlerra del Fuego," whom
he visited on the Belgian Antarctic ex
pedition. Of their marriage customs he
writes:
Marriage, like almost everything Ona, Is
not fixed by established rules. It is ar
ranged and rearranged from time to time
to suit tho convenience of the contracting
parties. Women generally have very lit
tle to say about it. The bargain is made
almost solely by the men, and physical
force is the principal bond of union. For
ages the strongest bucks have been accus
tomed to steal women from neighboring
tribes, and from neighboring plans of their
own tribe. The Onas, being by far the
most powerful Indians, have thus been
able to capture and retain a liberal sup
ply of wives. A missionary who has been
in constant contact with these Indians for
SO years, has given it as his oplnoln that
a plurality of wives is entirely satisfac
tory to the peculiar emotions and habits
of life.-
The relation to one another of the wom
en who possess but one husband In com
mon In the family wigwam Is of novel
interest. As a rule, they are no more
Jealous than are the children In a civilized
home circle. The principal reason for this
is that the wives are often sisters. A
young man takes by force, by mutual
agreement, or by barter, the oldest daugh
ter of a family. If he proves himself a
good hunter, and a kind husband, the
wife persuades her sister to Join her wig
wam and share her husband's affections.
Frequently, when a girl Is left an orphan,
she Is taken into a family and trained
to become the supplementary wife of her
benefactor in after years. In the hut each
wife has her own assigned position, al
ways resting in exactly the same spot,
with all of her belonging about her. The
wealth of the household is not common to
all the occupants. Each woman has her
own basket of meat fragments or shell
fish, her own bag with implements, need
les, sinews and bits of fur, and each wife
has her own assemblage of children. .
The work of the man is strictly limited
to the chase. He carries his bow and
quiver ot arrows, and his eye is ever on
the horizon for game; but he seldom
stoops to anything like manual labor that
is not connected with the actual necessi
ties of the chase. He kills the gome, but
the wife must carry It Into camp. In
moving, the women take up all of their
earthly possessions, pack them Into a
huge roll, and with this firmly strapped
across their backs, they follow the un
encumbered lead of their brave but un
gallant husbands. Thus the women carry,
day after day, not only all the household
furniture, but the children and portable
portions of the house. The women cer
tainly have all the uninteresting detail,
and the drudgery of life heaped upon
them, but they seem to enjoy it. In de
fense of the men It should be said that
they are worthy husbands. They will
fight fiercely to protect their homes, and
they will guard the honor of their wnmon
with their own blood. It Is a crvinsr sin
of the advance of Christian civilization
that this red man of the far South should
be compelled to lay down his life at the
feet of the heartless pale-faced invaders
to shield the honor of his home.
.
The Progress in Manufactures.
Chicago News.
The United States Bureau of Labor has
been Investigating the effect of displace
ment of hand labor by machinery In the
Iron and steel trade. It was found that
In 157 a rifle barrel took 9S hours to make
by hand. It is now made in three houra
and -JO minutes. Half-Inch bolts six Inches
long, with nuts, were made by hand at tho
rate of 500 In 43 hours, while by machinery
the same product I3 turned out with only
eight hours' labor. In 1S33 100 feet of four
Inch lap-welded pipe required over E4
hours of labor, while in 1S93 the same
product was turned out in five hours.
Carious Old Unnlc Notes.
New York Post.
The oldest note In the possession of the
Bank of England is dated December 19,
1699, for 536. In the bank- library Is a
note for 25, which was not presented for
111 years. Another Is a note of 17S2 for
1.000,000 this being the oldest extant
specimen, only four notes for like amounts
having ever been Issued.
0
Essentially an un-American Scheme.
Cincinnati Commercial Tribune.
Americanism Is too strong to sanction a
scheme so essentially un-American as not
to bestow upon the conquered Puerto Rico
all the American rights and privileges
that sho can advantageously receive. ,
IS A GREAT INSTITUTION
CORNELL A UNIVERSITY IN TnE
HIGHEST SENSE OF THE WORD.
nns a Total Attendance of 2240 Stu
dents Number of Professors, As
sistants, Etc., AaiOBBt to 350.
That the institution founded by Ezra
Cornell Is entitled to the namo of uni
versity In the highest sense of the word,
both on the score of the scope of the
studies pursued and of the breadth of ter
ritory from which lta students are drawn,
will bo manifest to those who Inspect Its
register for the academical year 1SS9-1900.
Cornell University includes, besides an
academic department or college proper
and a graduate department open to can
didates for advanced degrees, a college of
law, a medical college, a college of civil
engineering, the Sibley college of mechani
cal engineering, a college of agriculture,
a college of architecture, a state college
of veterinary medicine and a statev col
lege of forestry. It will be observed, says
the New York Sun, that every department
for which a place Is found In the most
comprehensive of European universities,
except a school of theology, has a coun
terpart at Cornell. The number of stu
dent's in the two engineering colleges Is
754; In the academic and graduate depart
ment, S34; in tho medical college, 32S; In
the college of law, 177, and In the four
other departments, 165. After a deduction
13 made for the names counted twice, we
arrive at a total number of 2240 students.
Of these, more than half, or 1394, come
from New York; but Pennsylvania sends
157; Ohio, 99; N"w Jersey, SS; Illinois, G7,
and Massachusetts, 45. Thlrty-3lx other
states, besides the Territory of New Mex
ico and the District of Columbia, contrib
ute to the aggregate; Canada sends 21 and
13 foreign countries are represented in
the list. Evidently, Cornell may claim to
be a studlum gencrale. If ever there was
one. We add that the number of profes
sors, assistant professors and teachers,
excluslvo of the library staff and other
officers. Is 59. an astonishing number
when tho youth of the Institution is con
sidered. What are the requirements for admission
to tho college proper, to the engineering
schools and to the law and medical depart
ments? Thle will be at once recognized aa
a vital question by those who desire to
gaugo the values of Cornell degrees. We
may begin by observing that a candidate
for the degree of Bachelor of Arts at Cor
nell need not offer Greek or even Latin at
his entrance examination. The require
ments are an unusually thorough knowl
edge of English literature, an acquaint
ance with physiology and hygiene; a
knowledge of English and American his
tory, or of the history of Greece to the
death of Alexander, and of the history of
Rome to the accession of Commodus. and
a knowledge of plane geometry and of ele
mentary algebra. In addition, an appli
cant must be prepared for examination in,
flrot, Greek and Latin; or. secondly. Latin
and advanced French or advanced Ger
man, or, thirdly, In advanced French, ad
vanced German and advanced mathe
matics, an alternative for advanced mathe
matics being a certain knowledge of phy
sics, chemistry, botany, geology or zoo
logy. It follows that a young man may
obtain a degree of Bachelor of Arts at
Cornell and yet be totally Ignorant of both
tho classical languages. Under such cir
cumstances, the degree named seems indis
tinguishable from thatof Bachelor of Sci
ence In certain other universities.
Such being the conditions of entrance
Into the college proper, we are not sur
prised that not even a knowledge of Latin
la required for admission to the schools
which have In view the degrees of civil en
gineer and mechanical engineer. Indeed,
in the colleges of civil and mechanical
engineering, an applicant need pass no
examination at all. provided he can pre
sent a diploma irued by the Regents ot
the University of tho State of New York,
or a certificate of graduation from an ap
proved echool. We turn to the college of
law. and And that one may be admitted
to It who can meet the requirements for
entrance Into to college proper; nay. any
one who can furnish a certificate from an
approved high ecSo"! or academy 13 el gtbie
for the course of study which has In view
the degree of Bachelor of Laws. As for
the medical schools. It appears that an ap
plicant for admission need only file with
the executive officer of the faculty a
regents' medical student's certificate,
which is granted as a result of examina
tions, or on evidence of four years satis
factory high school work or its equivalent.
On the whole, we are constrnlned to say
that it is easier to enter the college prop
er, or the law and medical schools of Cor
nell University than It Is to gain admis
sion to the corresponding departments In
any other distinguished seat of the higher
learning In tho Eastern States. We should
add that, after admission to the college
proper, there are no prescribed courses
of Instruction, but a freshman's range of
choice Is confined within a definite list of
studies and courses. Juniors and seniors,
however, are allowed, with the consent of
the faculty, to elect studies In other de
partments of the university, which shall
count toward graduation in tho college
proper, but the sum total of hours thu3
elected must not exceed nine hours per
week in any term. It is, of course, under
stood that if a candidate for tho A. B.
degreo offers Latin and Greek for admis
sion, and elects to pursue the same studies
thereafter, he will find at Cornell every
facility for the prosecution of them with
success. Thus, In Greek, the work of the
freshman year Is directed toward the cul
tivation of the ability of reading at sight,
whllo that of the sophomore year aims at
giving the student some acquaintance with
tho scope and meaning of Greek litera
ture and -with the characteristics of Greek
thought. In Latin. It Is satisfactory to
learn that the purpose of tho Instructors
Is to teach students to road Latin under
standingly and rapidly without translat
ing, which was, of course, an aptltudo ac
quired In medieval times when Latin was
still a spoken tongue as well as the uni
versal medium of written communication.
Those who gain the power of reading
Latin as a Roman would are helped to
secure a large acquaintance with Latin
literature, with Roman history and with
Roman private life.
Let us look next at the aid given to in
digent but deserving students. We note
in the first place that, for graduates, there
are 13 university fellowships, besides two
fellowships In modern history and in. po
litical and social science, three In philos
ophy, two in-political economy, two In
Greek and Latin and one In American his
tory; the annual value of these fellowships
Is from $500 to 5GC0. There are also 17
graduate scholarships, each having the
annual value'of $300. What are known as
honorary fellowships ore open only to
persons already holding the degree of doc
tor of philosophy: they earn no emolu
ments, but exempt from tuition fees. As
regards the assistance offered to- under
graduates, the Superintendent of Public
Instruction Is by law empowered to award
annually a number of free scholarships In
Cornell University, equal to the number
of assembly districts In the state, These
scholarships entitle the holder to free tui
tion for four years. There are also 3G
undergraduate scholarships established by
the university, each giving an annual in
come of 5200. The F. W. Padgham schol
arship Is worth $130. and tho alumnae
scholarship, which, as Its name Implies. Is
awarded to a young woman, is worth 1101
a year. There are. likewise, a good many
prizes, ranging In value from 523 to J100.
We should point out. finally, that the
annual tuition fee in the academic and
scientific departments. In the law school
and In the forestry and veterinary schools
Is JlCO; the fee In the medical colTece Is
half as large ncaln. There are Incidental
fees of $3 per term In the mechanical en
gineering school and In the agricultural
Fchool to cover the cost of material? used.
Altogether, the yarly exnenses of a stu
dent at Cornell TTnlve-slty are computed
at from J?0 Oto ?00. but ft prnhablv would
be difficult to bring them within the first
named figure.
One of Pittsburg's Most Estimable Business
Men Certifies to the Wonderful t . :
Efficacy of Cuticura.
I was a sufferer lor eljrht rears from that most dlstressinc- of nil diseases.
Eczema. I tried some of the best physicians in the country, but they did ma
L 4
scratch
ana alter
ness and
MM&rum
wasmmsm
Tsmmmm'
-sssiscMtiOje&s
used one box there wa3 not a sign of Eczema left. I can truthfully assert
thai$2.00 worth of Cuticura Remedies, cured me.
J.
,J?c?,Fp,e,t2Jr.xterr!a, and Internal Treatment for Svory Humor.
conslEtlng of Ccticdra Soap 25c),to cleanse tho skin ot crusts nnd scales and fioftea
the thickened cuUcle.Cimcuru. Ointment (50c), to allay itching, Irritation; nnd inflamma
tion, and aoothc and heal, and CtmcnrtA Resolvent (50c.), to cool and cleanse the blood.
A single set Is often sufficient to euro tho most torturing;, disfiguring skin and- scalp hu
mors, rashes, ltchlngs, and Irritations, with loss of hair, especially of Infants and children,
when the best physicians and all other remedies fall. Sold throughout the world Poxteb
Dauo xsd Cnxii. Corp., Solo Props., Boston. llow to Cure E7cry Uumor," free.
BAD COMPLEXIONS, pimplea, blotches, blacihead., red, rcngh, oily skin,
red, ron;h hands with shapeless nails, dry, thin, and falling hair, with itching, scaly,
irritated scalp, prevented by Ctmcciu. Medicixai. and Toarr Soap, the most
effective skin purifyiug ana beautifying soap in the world, as well as purest and
sweatest for toilet, bath, and nursery. Two soaps combined in one at one price, 25c.
Si 1
BROOKLYN RAPID TRANSIT
BATCH OF KVDICTMEXTS FOLLOWS
GRAXB- JURY INVESTIGATION.
The Men. Are Charged. With Circu
lating Fnlse Report in Order
to Depress the Stock.
NEW YORK, March 6. The special
grand Jury which has been Investigating
Brooklyn Rapid Transit matters for the
past month today brought in a present
ment before Justice Fursman. in the crim
inal term of the Supreme Court, together
with indictments against six men, mak
ing them In part responsible for the false
reports that had been circulated about
Brooklyn Rapid Transit, with a resulting
depression 01 the stock.
The men Indicted aro Alfred R, Goslin.
who was arrested In Philadelphia; Harry
J. Alexander, an advertising agent; two years ago tho British South African
Charles T. Davis, editor of the "Wall ! Chartered Company had expended J25.000,
Street Review, and Eugene L.. Packer, all t W0 In Rhodesia, that the British taxpayer
three of whom were put under arrest In hal not contributed a farthing toward
this city; "Warner L. Allen, an alleged
stockholder of the Brooklyn Rapid Tran
sit Company, and one Bogart, who Is
said to be Goslln's private secretary.
The presentment of the grand jury in
timatos there are others Implicated In tho
circulation of false reports, although suf
ficient proofs against them had not been
submitted to the jury.
Davis was arraigned on three indict
ments, two alleging felony and misde
meanor, and was held in J11.0CO bai
Packer was held In W00O ball on two IndlC
ments, charging misdemeanor. Alexander
was held In 57000 ball on three Indict
ments, charging felony and conspiracy.
Goslin had not been brought to the city
from Philadelphia. Alexander and Davis
were committed to the Tombs, being un
able to furnish a bond.
The presentment recounts the means by
wlilch the market price of Brooklyn Rapid
Transit stock was depressed last Summer,
specifying paid advertisements in news
papers here and In Boston and In circu
lars sent through the malls predicting
heavy declines because of the alleged bad
physical and financial condition of the
company. These statements, it is further
said In tho presentment, were also dis
seminated orally and by telegraph and tel
ephone, the result beinsr a heavy decline.
in which innocent holders of the stock !
were unable to protect themselves, and so
"saw their property depreciated day by
day." The presentment continues:
"In our opinion, those deliberate and
long-continued attacks emanated from
several sources, but from their very na
ture namely, from anonymous circulars
and word-of-mouth rumors. It has been
impossible for this grand Jury In every
case to trace those rumors to their au
thors." Moyse Committed for Trlnl.
NEW ORIEANS. March 6. Julius
Mbyse, tho bogus Captain Clark, who
deceived and married Miss Bertha "Warn
ken. of Dayton. O., was today committed
to tho United States Circuit Court to be
tried on the charge of Impersonating a
Government officer.
Brntnl 3Inrder- in Georgia
BAXTRIA, Ga., March 6. Dan Mills,
a young fanner living 20 miles from here.
was brutally murdered last night by two I
Negro boys. Mrs. Mills tried to get away
from the negroes, but they captured her,
killing her baby and beating the woman
Aching Boes?
pain in the back rrmning np the spinal column to the base of the
brain, eyes feverish and bloodshot, a stuffy feeling in the head,
scalding discharge from the nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough,
pain in chest these are all signs of grip's ravaging effect on the
nerves. Grip "weakens the heart, congests the lungs, destroys
the appetite and lowers the vitality of the "whole system. The
best and safest remedy for overcoming the depressing and pros
trating effects of grip is Dr. Miles' Nervine. It invigorates the
appetite, assists digestion, quiets the nerves and brings rest
ful, refreshing sleep. It builds up the nerve tissues, overcomes
the aches and pains, steadies the nervous heart and puts new life
and -energy into broken-down men and women as nothing else can.
Tour years ago I had a. very severe attack of La Grippe, which settled in the
back of iay head and spinal cord. I had distressing pains in my head and
back, my bones ached all titc tine and I became extremely nervous and restless.
I could not skep for days and nights together, my brain became seriously
affected and I thought I should lose my mind. For two yte my condition crca
steadily -worse and then I commenced talcing Dr. Miles' Nervine. In a few days
I was able to sleep naturally and contkued to improve from that time on until
my health was completely restored." Miss Sux Godwik, Opelika, Afc.
D Miles' Nervine
Is sold at all drag stores on a positive guar
antee, Write for free adyice and booklet to
Dr. Nliles Eftcdica! Company.
little good. The palms of my hands were cov
ered, and would become inflamed; little white
blisters at first would appear, then they would
peel off, leaving a red, smooth surface which
would burn like fire, and itch ; well, there is no
name for it. On the inside of the upper part of
both my limbs, great red blotches, not unlike
hives, would appear, and a3 soon a3 1 became
warm, the burning and itching would begin.
Night after night I would lie awake all night and
and almost go wild. I got a box of
Cuticura Ointment, a bottle of Cuticura
Resolyext, and gave them a thorough trial,
a few applications I noticed the red
inflammation disannrnr: hefnrnTbnrt
D. PORTE, 42S 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.
so badly that she will die. The murderers
escaped.
Canned h- Jealous?-.
CHICAGO. March 6. Ex-Alderman Peter
Blewer shot and probably fatally wounded
Victoria Goodwin in a saloon tonight. Ha
was arrested. The shooting is believed to
havo been actuated by jealousy.
CECIL RHODES' GENIUS.
He Handle Millions ns Another
"Wonltl Hundreds.
Allen Sangree, In .Mnslee'a.
"That 'Providence Is generally on the
side of the big battalions Is a favorite
quotation of Cecil Rhodps. 'My battalions,'
he says, 'are pounds sterling.'
"In cecurlng these 'pounds sterling' tho
genius of Cecil Rhodes la pre-eminent. Ho
is a master of finance; tho more long
headed and shrewder the man, the moro
readily can Rhodes separate him from hl3
money. To show what capital hi can
command without paying the shareholders
1 a cent of dividend, I need only state that
thttf, and that since its establishment tho
Chartered Company ha earned no money
for Its shareholders. He handles millions
as another would hundreds. "When Treasurer-General
of Cape Colony, at the ago
of 2S, General Gordon met Rhodes and told
him of his refusing a roomful of gold
offered by the Emperor of China for
crushing the Talplng rebellion. 'Oh. what
a wasted opportunity! exclaimed Rhodes.
'I would have taken a$ many roomeful afl
I could nave got.'
" The bigger the aim the more money
you need. le his motto, and Rhodes Is es
sentially a man of big endeavors. He first
corralled the diamond output of the world,
and made humanity pay his price for lovo
of adornment. Then he annexed 10,009
square miles of valuable land to the Eng
lish Empire, and finally attempted to con
fiscate the richest gold mines on earth,
and. Incidentally, paint the South African
Republic British red. Thcso three jobs
required untold sum1?."
to
DIAMONDS NOT DEARER.
"Wholesalers Declare Boer "War Has
Not Affected Price.
New York Mall and Express.
In spite of many articles which have ap
peared recently, stating that the price
of diamonds had risen since the beginning
of the Boer war, the wholesale dealers
of New York City are unanimous In say
ing there has been absolutely no advance
In the price of gems.
It is admitted that diamonds are a trifle
higher at present than they were a year
ago; but the dealers claim that the loss
falls upon them and not upon the retail
buyer. The wholesalers cralm that the
prices of the stones sold over the counter
have remained practically the same as at
the "beginning of the war, and should hos
tilities cease tomorrow between the Brit
ish nnd the Boers the value of the gems
would neither advance nor decrease.
The slight advance which occurred short
ly before the war Is assigned by many
to natural causes; others affirm that the
diamond syndicate In Africa, which Is con
trolled by Cecil Rhodes, foresaw the war
and advanced the prices, trusting that
the public would think that the war had
lessened the output.
In view of the recent relief of Klmber-
! lev. events will Drobablv demonstrate in
the near future what truth there may be
In the latter conjecture.
. Elkhart. Inda
D&i&l
A