THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, MARCH 5, 1900.
SITUATION IN ALASKA
DISTRICT ATTORNEY" DALY FAVORS
CHAXGE OP CAPITAL,
Juneau' Advantage Over Sitka
Other Xeeda of Territory Are Civil
Code and More Courts.
WASHINGTON', Feb. 28. One of the re
cent arrivals In Washington from Alaska
1b District Attorney A. J. Daly, and al
though brought here by legal business.
Judge Daly is willing to discuss the sit
uation at home both freely and frankly.
"Alaska does not want more than a ter
ritory Is entitled to," he said, "but we want
at least that mUch. I am glad that Con
gress has at last taken note of the fact
that the people of Alaska want the capital
changed from Sitka to Juneau. I will
point out why this change should be made.
Sitka Is off on an Island, Isolated from
the mainland, and is the last place In the
territory for a court. Only two boats run
to Sitka each month, and this Is the only
communication. Now, when a lawyer has
a case, he Is compelled to rush into court,
take chances on getting a speedy verdict,
and catching the same boat before it
leaves. Otherwise, he Is compelled to re
main In a barren, deserted place for two
weeks, when the next boat touches. This
is only one drawback.
"Sitka Is the last stop for all boats from
Seattle. Now, Juneau is on the mainland
and can be reached at any time. There are
14 lawyers there to four In. Sitka. Juneau
Is close to Skagway and other Important
points, and even Governor Brady favors
the change.
"There are two other things Alaska
should and must have. One Is a delegate
in Congress, in common with other terri
tories, and the other Is a civil code adapt
ed to the needs of the country. The pres
ent code in use In Alaska Is that of Ore
gon, which was taken bodily and dumped
on the territory without regard to appli
cation. There should also be three dis
trict courts In Alaska. With a territory
exceeding that of all the states west of
the Mississippi, we have but one court,
and we hope Congress will see the need
of at least two more.
"The pending bill will supply most of
these needs, but even that bill does not
provide for a delegate in Congress. We
need such a delegate in order that the
needs and demands of the territory may
be properly laid before Congress, and
kept there. We do not care so much for
a vote as we do to have our Ideas and
wants properly presented, and there is
but one way to accomplish this purpose.
Our people will not be satisfied until they
have a delegate In Congress, and while
we hardly expect to get one this year, we
hope by persistent efforts and a good show
ing to have favorable consideration In this
matter along with others before a great
while."
Joe Cannon!! Joke.
When the Republican members of the
House were In "conference" over the
Puerto Rican bill, a rather amusing Inci
dent occurred, that was provoked by the
dryly humorous Representative from Illi
nois, Joe Cannon. The "opposition" had
been strengthened and taken a fresh
start after the speech of Llttlefleld, for
he and they had received telegrams from
prominent and leading papers all over the.
country, indorsing the stand of the gen
tleman from Maine on the question. After
several members had announced that
they had received telegrams from their
home papers in support of the policy out
lined by Llttlefleld, Uncle Joe rose up
and said: "Gentlemen, I, too, have re
ceived telegrams. Papers and editors
have been telegraphing me Just as they
have you, but I know the little Jokers!
I know the little jokers!"
And this one incident, which showed
how the veteran legislator was ready
and willing to set aside the opinions of
the press, did more to discourage those
who had Just begun to take hope, than
anything in the line of solid argument
that was presented at the conference.
In fact, Joe Cannon has little fear of the
papers, for In the second caucus he de
nounced and ridiculed members who were
Influenced by the stand that had been
taken by the press of the country. He
said that In his younger days he had
voted as the papers had urged, but had
long since abandoned that practice. He
said that they were looking for live ma
terial, and If they could make members
reverse themselves they not only had a
good story, but had an opportunity to
make a second story ridiculing members
for being so easily influenced.
Supreme Court May Decide.
Those members of the House who were
opposed to the Puerto Rican tariff bill,
but who were finally whipped Into line
and made to support it, take some con
solation in the fact that the Supreme
Court may ultimately be called upon to
settle this question, and they are living
in hopes that that tribunal may declare
the taxation to be unconstitutional. In
face of the fact that ome of the best
lawyers In the House declared the levying
of this duty to be In violation of the
Constitution, the friends of the measure
Insist, and' the heads of several of the
departments insist that there can be no
question as to the constitutional right in
the matter, while the opponents of the
bill are Just as strongly convinced In the
other direction.
To a disinterested party, and as a mat
ter of fact there were few who under
stood the question that did not take a
most intense. r interest in it, the situation
In the House was decidedly comical, yet
pitifully serious. There were a largo
number of Republican members who at
heart were bitterly opposed to the bill,
and yet who had not the courage to stand
by their convictions and vote as they felt
morally inclined to do. It was this sit
uation which so pleased the Democrats,
who for a long time were very confident
of defeating the bill. But even when
they saw the obstinate Republicans yield
ing to pressure, they took consolation In
looking Into the future to see the trouble
that many of those wavering, weak-kneed
Republicans were storing up for them
oelves In voting against their convictions
and the belief of their constituents.
MR. FRICK'S REVELATIONS.
A Glg-antlc Corporation Xcedlajc Pro.
tectlon as an "Infant Industry."
New Tork Times.
Mr. Frlck's bill of complaint in his suit
against Mr. Carnegie puts Into the hands
of the assailants of the tariff-protected
trusts, combinations, and monopolies the
most formidable artillery they have ever
possessed. The enormous profits of the
Carnegie Steel Company, now authori
tatively revealed In Mr. JFrick's complaint,
showing that the company made $21,000,000
last year, on a capitalization of $25,000,
000, and expects to make $40,000,000 this
year, exhibit these great works as a veri
table gold mine to their owners. They ex
hibit more than that. These profits are
made in a business that is carried on
under the shelter of protective tariff duties
ranging from 25 to 60 per cent or more,
and averaging 45 per cent ad valorem on
the entire class of manufactures of iron
and steel. Mr. Frlck's terribly candid ex
posure of the extravagant benefits which
protection confers upon the manufacturer
at the expense of the helpless consumer
makes it Impossible that the Republican
party or any other party should longer
defend or maintain the barriers against
competition which have made it easy for
the Carnegie works to earn- profits of from
SO to 1G0 per cent upon a capital which ap
pears to have been largely In excess of
the actual cost of the plants engaged in
the business.
From the bill of complaint It appears
that in 1892 Carnegie Bros. & Co. and
Carnegie, Phlpps & Co., each having a
capital of $5,000,000, combined under the
name of the Carnegie Steel Company, with
a capital of $25,000,000, of which only $20.
000,000 was ever paid In. The amount paid
in seems to have been made up by Issu
ing 200 per cent dividends on the capital
of the two component companies, and by a
somewhat peculiar transaction the checks
representing these dividends were made to
serve as cash In paying in the capital.
The collosal -business results of this com.
blnatlon and Its subsequent able manage
ment are best set forth in the words of
Mr. Frlck's complaint:
The business from 1S92 to 1300 was enor
mously profitable, growing by leaps and
Jumps from year to year until. In H99, the
lirni actually made on low-priced contracts
In net profits, after paying expenses of ail
kinds. ?LOO0.OO0. In November, 18&9. Car
negie estimated the net profits for 1500 at
$40,U.000. and Frick then estimated them
at $42,500,000.
Carnegie valued the entire properly at
over $2ou,000,000, and avowed his anility In
ordinarily prosperous times to oen tne
property on the JLondon market for 100.
O00.W0. or $500,000,000.
In May, 1, Carnegie actually received
In cash and still keeps $1,170,000 given him
as a mere bonus for his DO days' option to
sell his 5S& per cent Interest In this steel
company for $157,550,000. Frlck's 6 per cent,
on that basis, would be worth $16.23S.000.
If we take Mr. Frlck's estimate of the
profits of tho works for the current year
1900, the profit and loss surplus at the end
of the year will be $42,500,000. Let us set
aside out of this $2,500,000, or 10 per cent
on the capital stock of the concern. There
are countless manufacturers in this coun
try who would be very glad to make 10
per cent on their Invested capital, leaving
watered stock out of the question. There
Is a large and probably growing class who
think that when dividends rise above 10
per cent, either the prices charged to con
sumers are kept too high through the shut
ting out of competition, or that labor has
not had its fair share of the earnings.
However that may be, after we have set
aside a 10 per cent dividend fund for Mr.
Carnegie, Mr. Frick and their partners,
there remains the vast sum of $40,000,000.
The entire output of pig Iron and steel In
the United States for the year 189S was
something over 20,000,000 tons. If we aver
age the prico at $20 a ton, which Is not
far out of the way, the money value of
the product Is seen to be $400,000,000. The
$40,000,000 which we have left over after
paying a 10 per cent dividend to the stock
holders of the Carnegie Steel Company Is
equal Just to 10 per cent of this sum. If
the company had been content with a 10
per cent dividend, It would have been able
to reduce Its charges to consumers by an
amount equal to 10 per cent of the total
value of the iron and steel output of the
country. That would make a vast differ
ence to the building trades, to the rail
roads, and to the general business of the
country.
PORTLAND LETTER LIST.
Persons calllnc for theas letters will pleaM
tate date on which they were advertised.
March 6. They will be charged for at the
rate of J cent each.
"VVOJIEX'S LIST.
Anderson. MIsb Delia Lonfiersan. Mrs James
Anderson, Mrs Nellie Londersan. Mr James
Backman, Mlaa Hilda. Long:. Miss Ruby
Bailey, Mrs Clara McDonald. Mrs Jemima
Baruh. Miss Malawi. Miss Lena
Bell, Mrs M Mansfield. Mrs James H
Berger. Mrs John H Mason, Miss Myrtle
Billings. Miss HatUe Mitchell. MIbs Mamie
Boone, Mrs Emma Modle, Miss Lyda
Bowen, Mrs Leona Munroe. Mies Gay
Chappelle. Mrs Nellie Nelson, Mrs M J
Clancy. Mrs James L Nlckekon. Miss Clara
Clark. Ida Nlckold. Mrs Orah
Clark. Mrs H C Peavy. Miss Emma
Clemland, Miss Cora C pperman. Miss Edith
Coup. Mrs pak. Miss Susie A
Colgon. Mrs O K Peck. Mrs Alice
Colman, Mrs Allies Posy, Miss Marie
Crawford. Mns C Raaths, Mrs Ruth
Damon, Miss Jeeslcor Randol. Mrs Anna
DePug, Mrs Elber Rees. Mrs M E
Deur. Mrs Emmallne Reed, Mrs Tena
DeWlgslns, Miss GraoeRolllns. Miss Ruby
,,M ... Ross. Mrs Kathereea
Dllge, MIbs Cora Ruhl, Miss Anna
Dill, Mrs Jennie E Sath, Miss Hannah
Donahue, "VVlnnle Sandberg, Miss Mario
Dua-eaur. Madame Seymour. Mrs Lizzie
Blanche Sears. Mrs R
Duffy, Mlas Frankle Sherril!, Mies Ida
Edwards, Miss Jessie Smart. MIbs Fannie
Emmons, Sarah B Stair. Mrs F "W
English. Mrs Jno A Stepp, Mrs Ina
Fish, Mrs M S Stolrfc Miss Bertha.
Glrard. Mrs E J Stelngrandt. Mrs O E
Gillespie. MIos Lucia, Stevens, Mrs A L
GUly, Mrs G I Stuart, Imogene
Graham, Lydla M Syerllng. Miss Lizzie
Gray. Mrs A "W Takll. Miss Marlth
Ground. Miss Dora Thompson, Mien S-S
Hangen, Mrs Iver Thlelsen. Mrs Emma S
Hagermann. Miss Mae Thompson. Mrs E E
Hanson, Mrs Mary Tukman, Miss Ernes
Hess. Mlas E tine
Hendricks. Miss Ethel Turner, Miss Annie
Hlllla. Miss Annie "Vance. Mrs Luclle
Hotson, Mrs Marry Vengelen, Mary
Hobson, Miss Hilda "Watklns. Mrs H E
Hughs. Mrs Mollle "Welton. Mrs W E
Hutchinson, Miss JennleWheeler, Grace O
Jensen. Mrs Mary Williams. Mrs George
Kellogg, Mrs Belle Wilson, E N
Jordan. Mies Lena Wiseman. Miss Dora
Knight. Mrs LUHe Wlntermute. Mrs Hett
Lambert, Mrs Stella Worstell. Miss Bessie
Larson. Mrs B Tounger. Mrs G
Lee, Mrs Bertha Zuckerman. Mrs
Lott, Mrs Olive
MEN-S LIST.
Agee, Bert Jobe. Dr V R
Akin. Johny S Johnson. Marvin R
Ablltz, LeRoy Johnson, Dr H C
Abetoon. E Johnson, Walter J
Alexander, Gus Jones, Chas F
Allen, Wilson G Kahuhelmer. Ch
Allen's Theatrical Kemlsh, Eduardo
Booking Agency Knopp. Geo
Arnold, Dr Solon, TJ S Lawrence, C
N Laws, D F
Amdt, George Louis, L
Australian Doctor Lewis, D E
Bauman, Mike Llx-ingston. Chae F
Back, David Co Llnsay. Charley
Baker, Wm Long. Will
Baker. Osker Lundgren, Gus
Barochl. C Mclntyre, Dr A J
Bartlett. R A McClure, R F
Beck, B MacFarlane. W R-2
Benton. Robert Manning. C H
Bliss. DC Manning, Julaln
Boring. O W Marriage Journal
Bowmafa. A Marshall. John
Bowen. Louis Marshall. A
Boyd. James Martin, B M
Bradley. F H Martin, J M
Brltt. W L Mason. H
Brooks, Henry G May. Chas F
Brown, Ed Melby. Will
Brown. J M Miller. Geo M
gro?.WH Morris, M J
Buchtell. Jno Morris, Jack
Bundy. Fred Murphy. John P
Burnam, P T Nash, W G
Burton. Harry S Nelson. John
Catching. A. L Normoyle. Simon
rT r. olm, Oregon Prunegrowera
Carpenter. E Association
Christians. Willie Osburn, Guy
I" O'Brien. Guy
Cole Frank O'Neill. James
? n0?!! O'Connor. A
Cornell. Arthur Pace C C
rv?& tJ??-2 Parson. Samuel
Crafrord J G pf nn, W G
THe'xA.nerV Perfection Incandescent
fir E Ga Damp Co
Dalles, Com Co Perry. O O
2JnvB . Phans. Austin
ElcK FoTer' ?e
DUBOIS. WF pEEShw
ii.f rt . Pratt. Irving H
Elliott Medicine Co Purdy. Wm
Evald. Mr Reij run. v
!&J?g$r,W Roblnsfnrm
53ft nMf Robinson. Rev A S
rtii & son Sackett. M V
SS?iS Ilt0n H felons. Capt Horace-2
Fowler. E Singer. A
Forrester. Harry Smith. Fred
Gavin. J W Stewart. D J
Gelsert, Charley Surratt. Geo W-2
G' St? D Sullivan. Hon U D
Goode. N B Svenson. Carl
Graham. David Tamra. Karl
Grebe, Chas Thordnon. John
Green. D W Tober. Will
Hyatt, H H Topsley, Daniel L, or
Hackney, James D T
Haggerty, F J Tolsey. Wlllaa
Handler. Oscar Trabls. H 8
Haney. Wllburt Watson. W J
Hansen, A Webster, J
Harold. Aloys U'cnton, W L
Heffernan. W H Whltworth, Percy
HeUlnger, G H Wlcander, G A
Hcmman. Emle Wilkinson, Wm
Hopkls, J T Williams, J C
Holman, N Baker Worner. Johnny
Houghton, Mr and MrtYost. Chas
H Yates. Al
Hunt, S W Toung, Fred
Hunsaker. W L Toung, Lester
Imlah. John Zlrbel, Frank
Ingralsen, F G
PACKAGES.
Brown, H Catching. A L (foto)
A. B. CROASMAN, P. M.
A DouRhty Antagonist.
Indianapolis Press.
M. Fernand de Rodays, the Paris editor
whom Count Bonl de Castellano threat
ens to thrash and who laughs at tho
Count's wrath. Is a quiet, cool gentleman,
who has foujrht many duels and who Is
well known for his courage and dexterity
of aim under fire. He is the responsible
editor of the Figaro, which paper has
published certain matters concerning the
financial and other private matters of the
Count, calculated In no wise to tickle that
young nobleman's vanity.
FOR FOREIGN COMMERCE
WHV COM3USSION SHOULD INVESTI
GATE CONDITIONS OF ORIENT.
Senator GsJlinsrcr'a Report In Favor
of the Bill to Author Ire Appoint
ment of Such. Body.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 2S. In reporting
to the Senate the bill providing for a com
mission to investigate the commercial and
industrial conditions of China and Japan,
Senator Qallinger, for the committee on
commerce, says:
"During the past few years the atten
tion of the American people has been
forcibly directed to the necessity of In
creasing the foreign commerce of the
United States, and It has already "been
demonstrated that by properly directed ef
forts we shall be able to secure a largely
increased export trade, both of our manu
factured goods and the products of Ameri
can farms. It goes without saying that
the growth of our foreign trade will
largely promote the prosperity of all
classes of our people, and the Orient, by
practically common consent, holds the
largest promise for our commercial expan
sion. "In his last two annual messages to
Congress, President McKlnley earnestly
recommended the appointment of a com
mission similar to those sent to China by
Germany, France and Great Britain,
clothed with authority to do similar work.
The demand has likewise come from a
large number of trade organizations and
commercial bodies scattered all over our
country, and the bill under consideration
Is In response to the recommendations of
the President, and the demand thus made
"by the men who are most directly con
nected with the export trade of the United
States.
"The bill contemplates that the commis
sion shall be composed of representative
business men selected from the five geo
graphical divisions of the country, so that
they shall represent all our people and all
our Industries. It Is proposed to make
such an appropriation as will enable the
commission to spend a sufficient time
In the Orient to acquire In detail the
Information needed by our exporters for
the intelligent and successful prosecution
of the business, and the purpose is also
to gain Information that will open tho
markets of the Orient to the products of
our farms, and to this end It Is to be
hoped that at least one representative of
the agricultural Interests of tho country
shall be appointed on the commission.
"Careful Investigation and Inquiry lead
to the conclusion that three of the com
missioners should spend at least a year
In China, while the other two can be
profitably employed during that time in
Japan, with the possible addition of do
ing work in some of the adjacent coun
tries of Eastern Asia, This contemplates
a vast amount of definite and detail work,
leaving no time and providing no means
for display and entertainment except so
far as, to a limited degree, an exchanges
of courtesies may be found necessary to
maintain our dignity as a nation among
those Eastern peoples. The purpose is
to make It a business commission, the
chief end In view being to gain desirable
information and secure concessions that
will result in the widening of our mar
kets in this most Inviting and attractive
field. It Is hoped that, under the direc
tion of the President of the United States,
and acting in conjunction with our diplo
matic and consular agents, the commis
sion will be able to secure modifications
of some of tho existing conditions, and
thus open the way to the expansion of
our commerce.
"It is expected that the report of the
commission will constitute an encyclope
dia of. trade conditions and suggestions
that will be of great value to all Amer
icans Interested in our commerce with
Oriental countries, and to this end the
small amount of money that will be spent
In connection with the enterprise Is not
worth considering.
"Deeply Impressed with the Importance
of the proposed inquiry, and believing
that it will have a far-reaching and bene
ficial influence upon American trade,
your committee report the bill back fa
vorably In an amended form, with a rec
ommendation that It pass."
NEGLECT OF THE PIONEERS
Early Scheme for & Pacific Coast
Republic.
CLACKAMAS, Feb. 2S. (To the Editor.)
Occasionally I see letters In Tho Ore
gonlan in regard to the early history of
Oregon, and while each writer seems to
view things from his own standpoint,
yet In this way many facts and condi
tions are spoken of that are not found in
histories of Oregon. It is the little things
that make up the great histories, and with
out these little things no history is com
plete. "We learned more truly the history
of the settlement of the Ohio Valley from
Individual history and experience than
from what came more specially before the
public view, and I have often thought
that if the early visitors to this Coast
trappers, prospectors, explorers and those
who perchance may have came here to
ascertain the adaptability of tho country
for homes for civilized men had written
out their experiences and observations
while on the coast, the world, and espe
cially tho people of the United States,
had been better for it. But as such did not
do so, save to a small extent, doubtless
many events which would go directly to
make up the early history of this coun
try aro now silently resting in oblivion's
grave.
Although I may not be able to speak
directly of some things from personal
knowledge, yet when I came to this valley,
in 1845, I was told by some of those who
had been on the Coast for a number of
years, that a few years prior to this date
an attempt had been made "by a few bold
and designing minds, then residing here,
to form all the territory west of the Rocky
Mountains and south of the Russian pos
sessions, and north of San Diego, Into a
republic. I was permitted to see some of
the correspondence that passed on the
subject between men here In Oregon and
others In Monterey. The plan seemed to
have been well laid, but, like many other
attempts at the impossible, failed for lack
of support. This same matter was referred
to occasionally by settlers here In early
years, but not In an approving way only
as a reminder to Uncle Sam that he was
neglectful of our dearest Interests here;
that we were In danger of starvation and
annihilation from Indian depredations;
that most any foreign foe could easily take
possession of this whole Coast, greatly to
the detriment of our own Government.
"Wo may have talked a little more than
was prudent, had we really been In earn
est; but, earnestly or otherwise, such talk
seemed to have had, to some extent at
least, the desired effect: for one day In
1S49, when I had mounted my Indian pony
and rode to where East Portland now
stands, I met Colonel Loring. with a
regiment of United States Infantry. The
Colonel called a halt and sent Lieutenant
Jones across the river to look after some
haberdasher's ware for the regiment, then
marched on toward Oregon City. I
crossed the river with the Lieutenant
and was with h!m the remainder of the
day. He seemed cautious In his conver
sation, as if he expected some wrong;
but as we proceeded on the road to Ore
gon City he became more talkative and
inquired If there was any truth In the
report of a threatened rebellion here on
our part In earlier years. I told him that
"when I came here In '46 I learned that
a feeble attempt had been made some
years before to form an Independent gov
ernment on this Coast, but the atttempt
had failed, jiet such feeling was not dead,
and I had heard the same feeling expressed
by some since I came." At this the Lieu
tenant seemed to lose his self-control, and
In a rage declared "In such event we
will hang every one of you."
After the Lieutenant had ceased his
threats I thought it was mJ time to ay
a few words. I told him "that those
who had lived In this country as long as
some of us had lived here were not
easily scared at the howl of wolves; that
such threats would only fall on fearless
ears; that we crossed the plains to this
Coast unprotected by our own Govern
ment, a protection which we as citizens
had a right to expect; that we faced
strvatlon when we got here, and had
fought the Indians single-handed for the
right to live, and at times It seemed to
us we were left to shift for ourselves; yet
we tried to exercise patience and to culti
vate hope. "We. do not need Uncle Sam's
help now as In the past, but as It has come
I believe all the people will accept of It
in good faith."
After this the Lieutenant was silent the
rest of our Journey together, seeming to
feel that Uncle Sam had really been
neglectful of the pioneer.
It was a mystery then to all of us, and Is
still a mystery to those of us who sur
vive, how a government so benevolent as
ours could neglect to protect the citizen
emigrant in the settlement of new terri
tory so distant as Oregon, and so fraught
with danger. It Is true the people made
the ' Government, but they made It for
protection for themselves. And when
the people fall to receive the protection
the Government was made to give them,
let the historian not complain if mur
murlngs arise.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS.
FEBRUARY WEATHER,
Last Month Was "Brr," and the Tem
perature Only an Average.
1
Temperature, ca oa
g g g is i-
. : Eg ?S
: : ; . &
47 30 3S .. Pt cloudy
49 39 44 .22 Cloudy
50 43 46 Cloudy
50 40 45 .36 Pt cloudy
47 42 44 Cloudy
47 37 42 .16 Pt cloudy
44 36 40 .01 Cloudy
52 40 44 .12 Cloudy
49 43 46 .01i Cloudy
65 44 50 .01 Cloudy
51 40 46 Clear
43 35 39 .01 Cloudy
44 33 33 .20 Pt cloudy
33 24 31 .02 Cloudy
24 19 23 .12 Cloudy
29 20 24 .. Cloudy
34 26 30 .11 Cloudy
39 31 35 .63 Cloudy
48 34 41 .OS Cloudy
55 42 43 .20 Cloudy
57 43 50 .48 Cloudy
54 43 48 .09 Pt cloudy
54 40 47 .. Pt cloudy
63 40 46 .07 Cloudy
49 39 44 .. Cloudy
61 41 45 .06 Cloudy
49 33 44 Cloudy
55 44 50 .26 Pt cloudy
47.1 J 36.6 41.7
DATE.
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1L
13
13
14
15 ...
16
17
18
19
20
21
Mean..
Indicates trace of precipitation.
Summary.
Mean atmospheric pressure, 30.14; high
est pressure, 30.51, on the 16th; lowest, 23.72,
on the 19th.
Mean temperature, 42 deg.; highest tem
perature, 57, on the 21st; lowest, 19 deg.,
on tho 15th. Greatest dally range of tem
perature, 17 deg., on the 1st; least daily
range, 5 deg., on tho 5th.
Tho following table shows the mean
temperature for the month of February In
the years given:
1871
1872 42
1873 50
1S74 44
1875 41
1876 45
1S77 46
1878 45
1879.
1SS0.
1881.
1882.
1SS3.
1SS4.
18S5.
18S6.
1887.
1SSS.
.82 1
1895 43
1896 46
.44
.44
1889.
1897 42
1890 38 I 1S9S 46
1S91
1899.
1500.
19S2,
1893
1S94.
1901.
1903.
Mean temperaturo for this month for 29
years, 42 deg. Average excess of daily
mean temperaturo during month, 0; ac
cumulated excess of dally mean tempera
ture sinco January 1, 155 deg; average ex
cess since January 1, 3 deg.
Prevailing direction of wind, south; to
tal movement of wind, C516. miles; maxi
mum velocity, 43 miles, south, on tho 6th.
Number of days -with .01 Inch or more
of precipitation, 20.
Tho following table shows th total pre
cipitation (In Inches) for tho month of
eoruary in tne years given:
1871.. 5.06 1S79..13.22 1887.. 2.SI
1872..12.13 1SS0.. 6.67 1888.. 2.43
1873.. 6.58 1SS1..13.36 1889.. 1.07
1874.. 4.2S 18S2..10.49 1890.. 9.85
1875.. 1.99 1883.. 2.34 1891.. 6.26
1876.. 7.50 1884.. 4.88 1892.. 2.48
1877.. 7.66 18S5.. 6.73 1S93.. 5.19
1878. .12.16 1886.. 1.96 1894.. 6.16
1S95.
1.01
3.44
1896.
1897.
1893.
5.57
6.51
1899.. 4.20
1900.. 3.36
1901
1902
Average precipitation for the morrth or
February for SO years, 6,84 Inches; total
deficiency in precipitation during month,
2.48 inches; total precipitation from Sep
tember 1, 1899, to date, 26.75 inches; aver
ago precipitation from September 1 to date,
5.87 inches; average precipitation for 24
wet seasons, 46.83 Inches; greatest 24-hour
precipitation, 0.74 Inch on the 17-lSth.
Number of clear days, 1; partly cloudy
days, 7; cloudy days, 20. No frost.
G. N. SALISBURY, Observer.
i
NEW YORK'S FIREMEN.
Great Bodily Strength and Vigor Are
Required of All Applicants.
Collier's Weekly.
In New York applicants for appointment
as firemen must bo recommended by four
citizens well acquainted with the appli
cant before they are admitted to their
examinations. These consist of several se
vere tests, and require great bodily
strength and vigor. Those who pass them
merely become eligible for possible requi
sition in case of a vacancy. When a can
didate Is called to fill a vacancy he must
first serve a probationary period of one
month, during which he is assigned to a
company "for work. In addition to that
he must attend dally at the Firemen's
School of Instruction, where candidates
are put through a course of special ath
letics, such as climbing ladders, handling
scaling hooks, sliding down hose pipes.
Jumping Into life nets and the 'like. If
by tho end of the month tho chief instruc
tor and the foreman of their company
report the candidates fit for fire duty they
are appointed as privates, or firemen of
the fourth grade, with a salary of 500.
In tho third grade the salary is $1000, in
the next $1200, and in the first $1400.
One year at least must be spent In each
grade. Removal can only be for cause,
subject to review by the courts. All mem
bers of the New York Fire Department
are beneficiaries of a relief fund, which
now amounts to nearly $1,500,000. In case
of disability a fireman receives half his
pay. One-half of his yearly pay, like
wise, goes as a pension to hi3 wife or
children In case of death. In addition
to this there Is a life Insurance fund
yielding an Immediate amount of $1000 to
the widow or children of any deceased
fireman.
In spite of the uncommon risks run by
all firemen the mortality among them is
exceedingly low. The dangers of their
calling seem to be more than compensated
by their rugged health and hardihood. As
a rule they are able to endure without
serious consequences pain and exposure
that would kill an ordinary business man
or at least ruin his health for life.
Coal Scarce In France.
New York Tribune.
Tho exceptionally high price of coal at
Marseilles, together with the fact that a
poor quality Is usually offered there
for sale, leads the United States
Consul In that city to recom
mend efforts by American operators
to supply the market. The price per ton
late in 1S9S was $5 71, and 86 cents more
was charged for putting It on board ves
sels In the harbor. But before the close
of 1899 the best quality of Cardiff coal at
Marseilles was $3 50, with a prospect of &
rise still higher.
UNIONS OF PRODUCERS
ESSENTIAL TO THEIR LIFE AND
PROSPERITY
Grovrera Must Cc-Operato to Meet
Conditions Drought by Organiza
tion of Capital In Trusts.
Without discussing the good and bad
points of the trusts, it Is evident that In
dustry Is cm-barking upon a new depart
ure, says the Orange Judd Farmer. The
old Idea that competition was the life of
trade was wrongs Economists of all
schools are now agreed that competition
was too often the death of industry. Co
operation has taken its place very suc
cessfully among millions of laborers and
producers, especially In England and on
tho Continent, resulting In a decrease of
expenses In production and in getting
goods from producer to consumer, this
saving1 being shared between the two to
their mutual advantage.
In the United States our business men
and capitalists have been the first to re
alize the possibilities of co-opcratlon or
combination, but have too often abused
the Idea through overcapitalization and
attendant abuses. Our fanners and the
producing classes generally have been
forced to consider this matter In all Its
bearings. They now realize the possi
bilities In It for them, and how to realize
these possibilities of co-operation Is now
the great problem that 15 agitating farm
ers and farmers organizations every
where. What the producer or farmer wishes
to accomplish Is this: He wants to get
hi3 goods to the consumer, and. get his
pay for the same, with the least expense,
without unnecessary delay, and In such
manner that supply may be regulated to
the demand, and the farmer thus receive
a fair return for his labor without oblig
ing the consumer to pay exorbitant prices.
Now, this Is a hard nut to crack, but sev
eral cracks are being made in it. In the
Orango Judd Farmer of January 20, for
instance, a short paragraph noted the
remarkable success of the California Raisin-Growers'
Association. While some of
the improvement in values would have
come anyhow. It Is true $hat through co
operation this great Industry in Califor
nia has been lifted out of the slough of
despond and put onto so substantial a
basis that the land devoted to raisin vine
yards has advanced by $50 to $125 per acre
In value. The Five States Milk Produc
ers Association has enabled the farmers
who shipped to Greater New York to get
$5000 a day more for their milk, for weeks
at a time, than by tho old method- But
for tho Fruitgrowers' Unions, the great
citrus fruit industry of the Pacific Coast
would have long since collapsed. Tho
present effort of tho dried-fruit combina
tion promises to succeed. Tho prune
growers of California have formed a pow
erful organization, backed by plenty of
capital. It promises to bo one of the
most potent factors in co-operative sell
ing of fruits.
Other instances more or less successful
could bo cited. Nor is it anything against
these efforts that the farmers interested
in them, are far from belng perfectly sat
isfied. In all theso organizations there is
more or less complaint among the mem
bers that tho thins does not pan out as
well as It ought to, and among- the officers
or managers that the members do not
support tho work as perfectly as they
should. In spite of all this, however,
great progress is actually being made,
whllo sentiment in favor of co-operation
is rapidly ripening among farmers every
where. The latest Incident Is afforded by the
Oregon Hopgrowers' Association. This is
a corporation with an authorized capital
of $100,000, instituted by the growers of
hops in Oregon, through which they hope
eventually to mobilize tho entire crop of
that state, so that they can sell it to the
best advantage in either the local. East
ern or foreign markets. This practical
movement Is one tho necessity for which
was long1 since pointed out by the Or
ange Judd Farmer. We see in this hop
industry much the same condition thai
exists In other lines.
A few big concerns, producing large
quantities of hops themselves, are In a po
sition to manipulate the market to their
own advantage, so as to force outside
growers to accept the terms dictated by
tho syndicate or force them out of the
business. In other words, the little fel
lows havo got to combine to fight the trust
that seeks to monopolize them. A singlo
hopgrower Is alone unable to accomplish
much; but united with his fellows, and
controlling, say, two-thirds of the supply,
hopgrowers will be able to protect them
selves against further extortion and grad
ually to Improve their returns and pros
pects. Their example will doubtless be
followed In Washington and California,
and perhaps the growers In New York
State may even be induced to organize In
self-defense. A federation of these state
hopgrowers' corporations would enable
the American producers of this special
crop to absolutely control Its distribution,
and, to some extent. Its price. Of course,
the latter, in the long run, will be mainly
governed by the world's supply. Nor is
there anything fanciful or impractical
about this Idea. The hop crop Is ono
that lends Itself to such a scheme because
by Its very nature it can be readily baled,
stored, sampled, borrowed on, etc
In much the same way It should be pos
sible to organize and control the distribu
tion of the tobacco crop of the country,
and of many other nonperlshable special
ties grown in more or less restricted areas.
Of course, the problem of dealing with
perishable articles like milk, fresh fruits,
etc.. Is more complicated, because of their
perishability. But because this problem
Is thus difficult. It Is all the more neces
sary for producers of perishable stuff to
solve it.
The subject Is certainly one that Is right
ly to command Increased attention among
farmers and producers everywhere. Object
as we may against the trusts, legislate
against them as we may or regulate them
to our heart's content. It is still true that
to compete with them farmers must like
wise combine. Only diamond will cut dia
mond. If, for Instance, tobacco-growers
do not co-operate in some sensible and ef
fective scheme of self-defense. It will be
only a few years before the value of every
acre of tobacco in the United States will
be absolutely dictated by the American
Tobacco Company. Such a result Is as
sure as fate, nor do we see how wo can
prevent it through associated effort our
selves. Self-defense and self-interest are
forcing our farmers to co-operate. Prog
ress should be slow but sure.
The producers of each crop or specialty
should first unite and work out the details
of their immediate salvation. As time
goes on these various Interests should fed
erate and work together so far as their
common welfare Is concerned. Ultimately
It would be possible for agriculture to be
the best-organized and best-regulated of
nil Industries, Instead of being, as now,
the poorest-organized and the most de
fenseless. Along with the economic and
financial Improvement that would grow
out of organized agriculture, would go an
Increase In the attractiveness and popu
larity of country life and a large Improve
ment in the farmers' nolltlcal position and
Iower. We do not believe In a farmers'
party; but we do believe that frequently
measures arise that would benefit agricul
ture In particular and the country's wel
fare In general, which farmers should be
In a position to compel all parties to adopt
or vie with each other In putting Into
effect.
A Snrplus of XHumonds.
New York Tribune.
The relief of Klmberlef may exert an
important influence on the diamond trade,
though what It Is to be cannot be ex
actly foreseen. The mines now will be
restored to their normal productiveness,
which Is far above the world's normal de
mand for diamonds. The market Is only
fed with what it will take; prices are not
allowed to fall off ruinously, though they
have fluctuated through deeper and deeper
stages of decline since the abundance of
the KImberley supply was made mani
fest. It Is not known how many barrels
of diamonds the syndicate holds In Its
treasuries.
a
BAGPIPES ON THE VELDT.
Strangely Enough, Englishmen Used
Them Before the Highlanders.
London Dally Mall.
The Cockney "Tommy" whoso fortune
It may be to sleep for the first time
alongside the tents of a Highland Regi
ment may well be excused If he awakes
under the mistaken Impression that the
Transvaal felines are at their " 'wauling."
Tho fact of the matter Is that the "braw
laddies" have from time immemorial
turned out to the sound of the national
bagpipe, the sound of which, as heard In
the cold gray light of a winter's morning.
Is the reverse of cheering.
Tho Invariable tune (?) of this reveille
in all Highland Regiments is the caustic
old Jacobite march, "Johnny Cope," tho
words of which run:
Hey, Johnny Cope, aro ye wauken yet?
Or are yer drums a-beatln yet?
"Ola ye are wauken I will wait.
An I'll meet ye at the coals in the mornln't
The "Johnny" referred to is the cele
brated General Cope, the Hanoverian
leader who was so soundly thrashed at
Dunbar by the Young Pretender.
Strangely enough. Englishmen had the
bagpipes long before the Highlanders.
Then, as British musical art developed,
theplpeswere passed on across the Tweed.
They were first used in battle by the Scot
tish forces at tho battle of Balrinnes. in
1591. although tradition has it that they
formed one of the most potent elements
in the rout at Bannockburn. Since that
date they have done wonders in cheering
and rallying the Highland forces at crit
ical moments, notably at tho battles of
Quebec (1760) and Porto Nuovo (17S1), and,
still later, at tho celebrated charge of
Durgai, on October 21, 1S97.
a
HOTEL ARRIVALS.
THE PERKINS,
J J Utzlngcr, Butte
J Brtseor, San Fran
P Macho, San Fran
M Etcheverry, Boston
V McChesney, St Paul
IV T Dickson, S F
J R Robertson, Forest
Grove
F Wood. Chicago
IMlas Merrill. San Fran
a it iyie, urooK uo
F Brundel. Butte
G Bredhoff. Butte
Mrs H P Ely. Kelso
A L Emery, San Fran
M Kammeyer, Scappcsa
Mrs M Kammeyer. do
Mrs A P Memoether,
Billings. Mont
Dr SIddall. The Dalles
J H Townsend, Dallas
E R HIckson, Moro
Mrs W H Mansfield,
Nampa, Idaho
Sam Shaw, the Shaw
G H House, Great Fals
A J Johnson. Astoria
H Kratz, Clatskanle
J II George, Kalama
C Cooley. Pittsburg
E E Latourett. McMln
L XI Rankin. Mlnnaplls
JJrs L il iiankin. no
A D Edgar. Dawson
H W Gilbert. X Y
L J Palmer, Chicago
Mrs L J Palmer, do
J Burchard. RuDOrt
j Opera Co
jars aam onaw, ao
V M Jennings. Omaha
J D Hattor. Boise
Mrs J Burohard. do
DrWB Morse. Salem
B Blinger, Pittsburg- Mra "W B Moree, do
F B Flowers, Kan City
Mrs J E Brayhelmer,
H. Smith. Tacoma
J B Austey, Michigan
Mrs J B Austey, do
C C Pase. San Fran
R A Kuner, Son Fran
A Lynch. Rosslyn
Jas Wells, Rosslyn
C T Peterson. Detroit
E 'Waldman, S F
F M, Smith, San Fran
OrovlIIe
Mrs H M Roberta, do
F Brlghtman. Gold Hill
L D Carter. Gold Hill
R P Habersham. Astora
E B Stoner. Astoria
B Doyle, city
Mrs B Doyle, city
G E Dal ton, Spokane
E E "Williams, Or City
THE IMPERIAL.
C. W. Knowles, Manager.
T A McBrlde, Astoria G T Hall, Eugene
H T Flndlay. Astoria (Mrs Hall. Eugene
G Lawler. Tacoma iC E Lytle, Bellwcod
E RSpangler. St Louis G Z Palmer. Welser
H A Sturdevant. DallesiC F Van Allen, Helena
L Moorehouse, Pendltn E B Crawford, Astoria
Geo J Mohler. Chicago A S McAllister. Dalles
C R Smead, Blalock X H Wlnans, Mllwauka
A Williams. N Y
J E Perrlll. Denver
W Anderaon. St Louis
Walter Lyon. Salem
P Murphy, Denver
L W Doleryack. Denver
M F Donohue, Denver
S J White. Denver
L B Gorham. city
J M Johnson, Boise
Mrs Johnson and child, (Master Gorham, city
Boise, Idaho IB A Morgan. Washlngtn
3rs M J Train. AlbanylD J Hanna, city
T J Van Outern, Oak- IDr J More. Chicago
land, Cal Mk More. Chicago
THE ST. CHARLES.
W L Wright. Amboy
J W Brown, Astoria
W J West, Astoria
A Sullivan. Astoria
J Gow, Astoria
H O Proctor, cltr
IDan'l Savage. Pasco
G B Donlelson, War
renton (O D Rea. White Salmon
jJ O Pugh. do
,C F Lansing. Salem
M M Brown, Beaverton
j a ,iii7, vvaeco
F Walker. Astoria
Guy Walker, Astoria
B L Elklns, Seattle
Wm Rloe. Seattle
C Braunner, Seattle
J H Plume. Sllverton
E Beggs, Astoria
E H Beach, city
Geo Morel. Goble
L McPherson, Warren-
ton
E Burley, city
P-ter Currle. city
Thee Fox. Cathlamct
W M Harris, Jr. Goble
W M Harris. Goble
Jas Noble. Saginaw
Jas Nolan. Saginaw
J B Harris, Saginaw
R Smythe. Kalama
Miss Monley. Kalama
Mrs J A Ellis. Wasco
W J West, Wasco
J A Brltts, Salem
O H Wilson, Hood Rvr
J Caldron. Woodburn
W H Todd. Woodburn
Mrs Todd. Woodburn
J Foreman. Salem
Mrs Foreman, Salem
H O Proebstel. Salem
N H Brlth. Hood River
W A Rowan. do
IC McPherson, Warrentn
w r Klnr. Pocatello
Jno Young. Newberg
K X Frazler. Toncalla
T E Benton. Gold Hill
G Melton, Wlllamlna
E Tllton. Sheridan
A R Qulnton. Medford
E E Brown, Hubbard
C E Burton. Meacham.
J Urquhart. Mist
ETC Mason. Granite
R Carter. Scappoose
W E Jones. Dlllev
J B Woodslde. Kalama
A Smith, Kalama
M Hayes, Helena
W L Wright. Amboy
H S Bailey, city
F M Morgan, city
A R Adams. Tacoma
A Eavage, Pasco
jT Bllger. Netarts
iG Grace. Nestucca
F Lllley, Belloue
Hotel Donnelly. Tacoma.
EuroDean plan; headquarters for com.
merclal men. Chllberffs restaurant In
connection.
Hotel Butler, Seattle.
European. Rooms with or without bath.
Ladles' and gents' grillrooms in connection.
Kruse's Grill Room and Restaurant
Stark street, opp. Chamber of Commerce.
A "Wonderful Lamp.
Philadelphia Press.
Tho Nernst lamp, which created quite a
furore In scientific circles a few months
ago, Is only kept out of use because It
cannot bo lighted until the rod which
forms part of It Is first heated. Besides
that, the Nernst glower under high pres
sure Is good only for 300 hours or less.
Tho light, however. Is almost as natural
as sunlight and as agreeable. The lamp
S With Hoythpieoe
j XO cents for lO
MsnopI Miaseo Works
THE POT CALLED THE KETTLE BLACK BECAUSE
THE HOUSEWIFE DIDN'T USE
APOLIO
consists of a rod composed of certain
oxides three or four Inches In length, held
by metallic attachments at either end and
enclosed for safety In an open glass globe.
NOT YET TOO LATE.
In the Senate Justice May Be Secured
for Puerto Rico.
Chicago Times-Herald.
President McKlnley, the foremost cham
pion of protection In this country, said in
his annual message: "Our plain duty is
to abolish all customs tariffs between tho
United States and Puerto Rico and givo
hor products free access to our markets."
"Why, then, was this recommendation
ignored by tho Republican majority of
the House? Plainly not because the prin
ciple of protection was at stake. No ono
could be more loyal to that principle than
the President himself, who remained
steadfast and confident in that most dis
couraging period of free-trade reaction
when the Democrats overthrew the Mc
Klnley law. But legitimate protection,
as he believes, would not exclude Puerto
Rico, where the conditions are such that
the island is entitled to the benefits of an
unrestricted commercial Intercourse with
the States
Tho committee was too plainly Influ
enced, not by the broader interests of pro
tection as a national policy, but by the1
Importunities of a little greedy coterie
of sugar and tobacco lobbyists. Nor la"
there anything In the plea that the ques-1
tlon of national sovereignty Is involved.
Congress may legislate for our territor
ies according to the exigencies of each:
particular case. Its power as a national
assembly is complete. "We are concerned,
however, with what it should do rather
than with what it may do, and constitu
tional authority does not depend upon tho!
fate of any lobby.
Fortunately there are Republican Con
gressmen who hold this opinion. TheyJ
mime, witn gooa reason, tnat tne easiest;
way to govern the Islanders will be by'
granting them, all the possible advantages'
of an American connection. Let them havei
free trade with the United States as aj
stimulus to their Industries. Let them
havo our political Institutions that they,
may enjoy civil liberty to the full and
school themselves In tho art of self-government.
By this means tho greatest contrast wilX
be afforded to .the days of the Spanish
dominion and the beneficent effect upon
the temper of the people cannot be over
estimated. They will be fastened to us by,
the strongest bonds of reciprocal interest,
gratitude and friendship. They will be
come devoted and patriotic subjects of thj
Union.
"Wo hope, therefore that tho advocates
of a generous Instead of a grudging pol
icy will force their fight without flinch
ing, and certainly thoy have the encour
agement of a promising outlook. Evea
now they come near to holding tho bal
ance of power between the parties, whllo
It Is clear that their course must commend
them to our own people and gain thesi
recruits.
a
Bicycle wedding trips aro the rage ia
France.
For Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
Bears the
Signature of
M&c
The Dr. Sanden Electric Belt
with attachment for men gives
strength and overcomes the ef
fects of early indiscretions or
later excesses. Six thousand
gave willing testimony during
1899. Established thirty years.
Write for free book explaining
all, or drop in at my office and'
consult me without charge.
Electric Appliances
Are a Sure Cure
Call or write for'Three Classes
of Men."
. A. T. SANDEN
Russel Bldg., Cor. Fourth and Morrison Sb.
PORTLAND OR.
Office hours, 9 to 9; Sundays, 9 to L
Strength j
for Men p