10
THE MOBNING OfcEGONlAK, THtTJR&DAY, MAEOH 1, 1900,-. .
GOLDEN AGES
(Copyright. 1800. by
THE OREGONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE:
GOLDEN AGES OF LITERATURE
V. HEBREW MANUSCRIPTS.
BY CHARLES HORSWELL, PH. D.
-Tho oldest known manuscript of the He
brew Bible is In the Br.tlsh museum. It
has no date upon it, but the original por
tion of It is supposed to have been writ
ten about S20-850 A. D. It Is written on
vellum The page measures 164 inches in
length and 13V, inches in breadth. As the
MS. now is, it consists of 1SG pages, of
three columns each, and 21 lines In the
column. Of the 186 pages, 129 exhibit the
original portion. The remaining 57 leaves
are a later addition, written on paper and
dated 1540 A. D. The entire MS. contains
the first five books of the Old Testament.
The original portion begins with Genewls
xxxix:20, and runs on continuously, with
the exception of two pages, to Deuteron
omy 1:33. The handwriting Is the Sephar
dlc. the Spanish-Portuguese school. It la
written In a large, clear letter, and pre
sents a "beautiful page. The consonantal
line is about one-half Inch in breadth, and
the space between the lines about the
same width. The consonants are supplied
with vowel points and accents. At the top
and bottom and on the right margin are
smaller lines, which are the critical notes
of the scribes. In one of these notes there
as evidence that this MassoretJc annotation
ClON KXH7U !!!
xe h c AfrrH n t t o
ki n y n oxei prAi
n pocrxYfrOMvhY
KKKTCON rYNKlps
KAJ H f eceN KfTXX
TO KG f C I O N-NKJ
mONNYTOYKAi
1op.xcmnnMAr-iccovrNj
THE SI.VAITIC
(One of the oldest manuscript? of the Septuag
by Dr. Tlschendorf In 1844 In an old
does not belong to the original MS., but
was added about a century later, 9D0-S40
A. D.
A brief consideration of the next oldest
codex will help us to understand the simi
larity and minor references which Hebrew
MSS. present. This MS. is In the Imperial
Public Library at St. Petersburg. It "bears
the date 916 A. D., and is therefore the old
est dated portion of the Hebrew scriptures
which has come to light. The page Is not
quite eo large as the earlier codex, and
there are but two columns to the page.
There are 21 lines In each column. The
consonantal features are identical with
those Just cons.dered. The peculiar forma
of certain consonants are repeated here.
There Is less scribal annotation, and with
the one column less the page looks freer
and cleaner. This codex is also from the
Sephardlc school. Only one familiar with
the Hobrcw text would discover any no
ticeable difference. Such a difference there
Is, however, for In th-s codex the supra
linear vowel punctuation is employed.
There were rival systoms of punctuation
among the scribes, one school writing the
vowel points below, the other above the
consonantal text. The suprallnear is the
Babylonian style. It is the more complex,
and although It maintained Itself until
tho 17th century it was destined to give way
to the simpler infrallnear system, which
the printed Bible employs. This codex
contains the latter prophets, i.e., Isaiah,
Jeremiah, Ezeklel and the 12 minor proph
ets. It Is for .the critical study of the
prophets what the earlier codex la for the
study cf the Pentateuch. A glance at a
third MS. will show what artistic skill
the copyist sometimes d splayed on the let
tering, and particularly in the arrange
ment of the marginal notes. This MS.
bears the date 1300 A. D. The marginal
notes are artistically arranged In the form
of conventional figures. of dragons
and reptiles. The first word of each 'book i
ls written In conspicuously large letters.
These three MSS. Illustrate fairly well
the form and character which the vary
ing codices present. They are all repro
The Monbltc Stone,
(Date about SCO years before Chrlot. A speci
men of the ancient Hebrew characters in
which the Old Testament books -cere written.)
ductions of a single text. They have all
proceeded from one and the same original
type. In the seventh and eighth centuries
A. D. Jewish scholars, by a complete sys
tem of vowel points and accents, perfect
ed what they believed to be a definite and
accurate edition of the texL Their addi
tions to the consonantal text are called
the Massorah, or traditions. The -scribes
themselves who made the text are called
the Ma&sorltes and their text Is known
as the Massoretlc text. All extant Hebrew
MSS. are copies of this text. These repro
ductions have been collected from differ
ent countries and are in the handwriting
of different schools of copyists Arabian.
Sephard.c. Italian, Franco-Italian and
German; and they present, naturally,
many m'nor differences. But they are,
one and all, simply reproductions of the
original Massoretlc text. Some MSS. have
the suprallnear, others the infrallnear
mfysPr. jffiW 111
system of vowel punctuation. Some MSS. ence n tne standards of weights and
have the Chaldee In alternate lines with measures is not what Is weighing tho
the Hebrew text There are peculiarities worid down retarding its progress. It
in the shape of one or more of the con- ; jt be desirable that all nations have the
sonants- that have their significance to the ; same standard cf weights and measures,
scholar. The marginal notes present a expressed In the same terms. It Is also de
great variety of minor differences, but eirable that they should have the same
these variations afford but little help in j money standards and enjov the same d
the correction of errors and throw but , gree of freedom and many other things,
little light upon the obscurities of the it Is said that there can't be a double
text. In the Massaoretic text we have an
exact reproduction of the Hebrew scrip
tures as they were In the seventh and
eighth centuries A. D. To get back of this
lxt it Is necessary to make use of the
dlffcrcn
Tcrcnt versions, and especially the differ-
t editions of the Greek version. This
ent
Greek translation was completed about 150
B. C, and repeatedly gives evidence that
it has underlying it a different text.
The great majority of Hebrew MSS. be-
OF LITERATURE
Sermour Eaton.)
DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATCN
iii55ff Si-a
part fragments. That they should be so
late, so few and so fragmentary finds
ready explanation. The revival of learning
In Italy, that eecured and preserved for
us the classic texts, was a revival outside
of the Church, and at heart aniagon.stlc
to It. By its discovery and acquisition
of the or'glnals of the Greek and Roman
classics It reveals trhat might have been
done for the Jewish literature as well.
Then, too, the blind hatred and persecu
tion of the Jewa by the Gentiles tended
directly to the destruction of the Hebrew
MSS.; the Jews were compelled to conceal
them In order to keep them, and they
preferred to burn them rather than see
them In the hands of their deadly foes.
North estern University.
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
Protest Asrninnt the Pending Bill for
Its Establishment.
PORTLAND, FebTa (To the Editor.)
Some three weeks ago The Oregonlan
contained quite an extended note from
Washington to the effect that Congress
would probably enact, or attempt to en
act into law, the metric system of weights
TNt6i6xVcOM,
'-' v. --
Tlnocvo-ri t rm
TONKAOtXeXKXI
co Xm e i n HTTAfA
Aco ce Ktthn cy.
Ne i c pf xeceA VXf
Toati crrof ryjM
KCDNJ OCeODCTCOf
KAClA!JLfhA
H ce cnofeye i m
K Kt rr och m efpt
Krr oTpexe i e i yr
MANUSCRIPT.
int. Photographed from one of the sheets found
fuel basket nt Mount Sinai.)
and measures. It was thought that the
hardships of it might be overcome by sub
stituting yards, pounds, etc, for the dif
ficult terms employed In the metric system.
It Ib to be hoped that every thoughtful
person in the nation will enter a vigorous,
protest against the Innovation. A certain
class will call this old fogyism; but Is it?
First the terms used to express -the quan
tities and dimensions of things are not
English. They are awkward, voluminous,
difficult, but this Is not the serious ob
jection. The terms can be soon learned,
but that Is not the beginning. They do not
represent any of our conceptions of
weights and mea.'nires.
Children are born simply little animals,
and if their environment were such as to
keep all knowledge of things from them,
they would continue mere animals to the
end. Manhood, therefore, consists of this
animal nature, plus the acquisition of a
knowledge of things, of quality, of qunn
tlty, of dimension, of color and, in short,
all things knowable. .tust in proportion
as all these things have been added to
his animal nature or foundation, so are
the exaltedncss and effectiveneps of his
manhood. This applies not only to physi
cal things, but intellectual, moral and Im
moral. If to the animal Is added only rot
tenness, falsehood, hypocrisy, with the
good and true, and all useful knowledge
loft out, the animal is not a very attrac
tive one. "An a man thlnketh so Is he."
This all might be enlarged upon, but what
has been stated Is sufficient for my pur
pose. "We Americans are composed of yards,
feet, inches, miles, acres, etc.: of pounds,
ounces, tsns; of pints, quarts, gallons:
bushels and so en through the list. "When
we were babies little animals the process
of man-bulldlng began. We were taught
that so much distance was an Inch, foot,
yard, mile: so much weight was an ounce.
Pund ton: so much liquid or fragmen-
; tary matter was a pint, quart, bushel and
so on through the whole list of knowable
J and tangible things by which we were sur-
i rounded. Not only were we taught all
these terms, but the pictures of them, the
dimensions, shaped, sizes, comparative
quantities and weights became indelibly
Imprinted upon the sensitive plates of our
minds. We are In the midst, surrounded
by all of Nature's objects and forces: we
have them nil weighed and measured by
a given standard, so that they have all
becomo a part of us. They are us, plus
the animal. To change any of these and
8l:tltute new standards Is to begin nt
the bottom of the ladder and maka tho
person over, so far ns the thing sought
to be changed Is concerned.
To attempt to substitute the metric sys
tem, therefore, for th one that has be
come a part of us, of our very being from
time out of mind. Is to attempt to tear
down and rebuild humanity the American
people In all matters affected by weights
and measures, which are practically tho
entire temporal wants of men. This our
people will never submit to. The blend
ing of two standards of weights and meas
ures cannot fall to confuse and Impair an
accurate knowledge of- either or both,
honco deterioration in manhood must fol
low. There is still another very serious ob
jection to the introduction of the metric
system In an economic way. All tools,
implements, all measurements and
weights, all goods are based upon the
present English system. All scales and
Instruments for determining weights are
( adjusted to ounces, pounds, etc; all things
with which we have to do are measured
by yards, feet, pints, etc Tho change
would be practically impossible. Inextric
able confusion must follow such an at
tempt. All our lands are stereoptyed in
feet, rods, acres, sections, miles, which
could not be changed. If our system is an
evil, it must remain co. There Is such a
. thing as an evil being so vast in magni
tude that to change or attempt to change
It Into good would be worse than the evil
Itself. This fact today contains the dark
est cloud that menaces the American peo
ple The advocates of the metric system can
hardly have fully weighed the difficulties
in the way. There are no real and ade
quate reasons for substituting the metric
system for our own, other than univer
sality of expression and meaning, and a
little more convenience in computing by
tens. If universality is wanted, let all
adopt the English system: It Is now more
widely in use than any other system, out-
i flide or the Chinese, nerhans. The dlffrr
money standard In the same country at
the same time and so there can't, but
two things that are equal to the same
thing must be equal to each other.
The standard of measurement of thn
, metric system is of Itself an absurdity,
The meter is based on the supposed dis
tance from the equator to the pole. I say
supposed advisedly. It is Intended to rep
resent one-ten-rotlilonth of that distance,
since Its adoption it has been found to bo
incorrect The absurdity 6f taking a b&rt
of the earth's circumference one-fourth
of It as a standard to measure the dlam
eter of a hair with it apparent, especially
when a greater part of it has to be ap
proximated, besides It ought to be known
by scientists that the circumference of
tho oarth lb constantly changing, growing
less from day to day. This Is too much
like the gold and sliver standards we
hear so much about standards of value,
but constantly changing according to the
lnw of supply and demand. Our attempt
to ape the greater part of Europe in this
matter will prove a failure. We have al
ready overdone this aping business. Many
of our schoolbooks are copied after the
German and other nations in style and
matter to the hurt of our children. Much
of our school system is borrowed from
moribund civilizations.
Before I close this protest I must men
tion what seems to me to be an outrage
in the introduction of this system Into our
schools through the use of a certain
schoolbook on physics. It does not seem
to be a publication of the American Book
Company, to their credit be It said. It
has adopted the metric system with the
result that the scholars have to go back
to babyhood to acquire the new stand
ards of measurements that are entirely
different from those which have become
a part of their very being through 16 or
17 years of training. It is an imposition
on the people, and especially on the stu
dents, who are forced to try to compre
hend and adopt two parallel standards,
entirely different from each other, at tho
same time. One of the brightest young
ladles of the school declared that she
was confused and perplexed during the
entire time she was using the book. She
always had to compare the metric terms
with our own weights and measures be
fore she could even partially understand
what was meant- In fact, it does not
even define the terms so that this can be
understood without referring to our own
measurements. Thus the meter is 39.37
inches, a supposed 40-mlllIonth part of
the earth's circumference. It Is a
criminal waste of time to thus occupy the
student's hours in school. Another bright
girl, who is Just starting In physics, de
clared she was very much pleased with the
study, but the new standards of weights
and measures bothered and perplexed her.
She has to experiment and compare the
two systems, before the now has any
place in her mental storehouse, then it is
confused. If I had a child thus handi
capped I would sue out an Injunction at
once. Many of our scientific writers sean
to think it smart to encumber their
works with these metric termB and stand
ards, making- their thoughts and works
practically closed books to all but a few
who have taken the time to master tho
the system. Many of the most valuable
productions of scientific research by the
government are so encumbered.
W. HAMPTON SMITH.
HOTEL ARRIVALS.
THE PORTLAND.
Frank N Place, NY Z F Swlpert, Cltr
Henry Doyle, Vancvr Xorman Ellsworth, do
Miss Doyle, do iE S Morton, Neir York
MlssKnsllsh. do JH L Smith. West Su-
MIrj Corbould, do , perlor, Vila
Fred Lee, Seattle K M Peckharn, do
B Rothscnild, Chicago ,2 O Woods, Columto. O
John Dtrrls. Grt Falls A H Winn. San Fran
J valentine. New irx iJ O Cranatcn, City
A A McClanahan, Chg
It C Steven. Seattle
H R Coate, San Fran
P H Kershaw, Tacoma
JefT L Davis, BolM
A H "Wagner, San Fran
Harry E Lewis, San Fr
Xhos Doyle. Tacoma
Gi C Salch, Chicago
H E Ho.kHdKe, Chgo
I Edcshclmer. N
G M Welty. N Y
A D PJckey. Phlla
Horace A Lay, West
field. Mass
jDae Stone & wf. Chso
t k ueiscr. Juaxer uuy
A Stoddan, St Paul
C O Scott. San Fran
ur K u coney & wire.
A N Eush & wf.Saleml City
Ur S C Hall. New Yrk.F W Pettygrove, S F
H C Campbell. City
THE PERKINS.
Mrs C H Koch. Hilla- C A Mlddlnac, Worces-
bcro. Or ter. Mass
W B Geass. Brownsvl Mrs C A Mlddlnac. do J
W A Trimble, Albany T J Rapor. Aberdeen
F W Doty, Rcoeburs Mrs T J Rasor. do
J W Smith. Rochester W J MUUcan. Tacoma
G H Crane, Des Moine'S D Nllson, Lafayette
Mrs G H Crane, do W T Cha. Tacoma
B Besslnger. Phlla JH Hautman. HUloboro
Dr R C Coffey, Colfax J Mrs H Hautman, do
Mrs Coffey, Colfax (John Smith, Corvallla
Ms M Fandy. Colfax JD H Hatton, Bol
R E Ferrel. Hood Rlrr.A F raterson. Corvallls
G W Hamilton, do ,Mrs N E Brown. Boise
F Thorpe. Hood River , MIk Brown, Botoe
H C Elliott, Kaslo, B qj S Wholen, Boise
L Goodrich, St Paul ijohn Stewart, Eugene
J W Howard. Prlnevlll.j C Wolf, Sllverton
M H Smith. Tacoma M Skalf. Sllverton
H F Spe!r, Fesen- iG W Wricbt. Albany
den, N D A Chrlstennon, Lewlstn
Mrs 11 F Spelser, do (John tcsiiny, Albany
Geo D Barton. Albany ,J P Mampel. San Fran
H R Hubbard. Lan- (Mrs C Henry, Kelso
rln?. Mich IS E HudMi), Roseburs
W S Offner. Walla W !A Ford, Roseburs
John Thorncy. WW iCJ Stlple. Seattle
Z M Brown. San Fran jj P Ford. Seattle
T B Gunther. San Fr ,A W Stoner, Tacoma
Mrw S M Scott. La Grd M Shelton, Kelso, Wn
MUs Scott. La Grande ,Mrs Shelton. do
Mrs Logan, La Grande ;P J McGowan. Astoria
Miss Lcgan. La Grande D II Welch. Actorla
Dr Smith, Portland JJ W Downlnr, Arizona
L N Countryman. S F J C Swocpe, Astoria,
O N Hansen, Buffalo (A F Will. Aurora
John Damont, wkamok-,C M Hendcrcr. CcttR Gr
owa. Wash iBen Wilson, The Dalles
iiiM uamont, ao
A Haridell. San Fran
E J Wilson.' South Bend
!a J Dawson, Ashland,
N L Raber, Corvallls I Wis
THE IMPERIAL
C W. ICnowlfo, Manager.
J G Robb, St Paul H M Kanter, Knappa
A Anderson. Minn jc F Casey, Albany
It H Smith, Seattle Ml;s A Peterson.Grant'c
P A Spencer, Tacoma I Pai
W L McCabe. Seattle ,Joha D Daly, Corvallls
S W Benenn, N Yakm .H A Templeton.Eureka,
Wm H H Mead, at Pi Waeh
Tonle Barber. N Y D R Davles, San Fran
Cora. ers, Dayton.WniW O McCluskey.Sumptr
S B Flemmlns'. Spckn Robt Forbes, Aberdeen
B D Crocker. VI W ID W Schlotthauer,
Mies S Bancroft, Sac- ( Burns
rarocnto. Cal ,A B Cordley, Corvallls
C F Fischer, San Fran .H S Sylvester. Indp, Or
H S Medtcraft. San Fr.F A Seufert, The Dal.s
Wm Elliott, cuicaro jos H Albert. Salem
Heights M H Hamilton, Newbrg
B C Helllwell. Los Ans W S Tlnkana, Maj eer
J A Mlkel. San Fran ,J Stelnhelser, City
H M McCture. SantBarjM Doherty, Sprague
M P Uraner. Chicago (A B Taylor. Seattle
W A Cann. New York ,M S Hackett. Tacoma.
George S Nlckerson. ;l C McCoy, Salem
Klamath Mrs McCoy, Salem
Miss S Kelt. Ashland S O Anderson. -Albany
F C Reed, Astoria
THE ST. CHARLES.
W B Hatton. Astoria ,R E Steele, Roseburg
H W Llnhart. Little Fie, A S Graham, Astoria
W J "West. Little Falls Mrs Graham, Astoria
Mrs J Dunlap. ChlnookjJaa Thome, Marshlnd
H G Nelson. City Mrs Thorne, Marshlnd
E D Goodwin. City Henry Gumey. Astoria
J T Talbert, Wheatlnd Mrs Guroey, Astoria
Lon Hadole. Wheatlnd Fred Roch. Cornelius
H I Cass. Wheatland iL Johnson. Cornelius
J w Todd. City
u 30. C&sney, Astoria
Mrs Gasney. Astoria
jJos Kronenberg. do
iMrs Kronenberg, do
iFltz Johnson. Chinook
,Fred Bunk, Centervllle
,L B Smith, Centervllle
IJ A Burses. Centervllle
C W McFarland, May
gers
E Roberts. Maygers
F Reld. Maygerw
L M Miller, Maygers
C H Prince, Maygers
L W Guild, Maygers
E H Beach, City
J R ZUler. Kalama
J M Vaughn, Stella.
J T Naesa. Cathlamet
Mrs J T Naesa, do
IMrs Burges, Centervllle
u F liates, blivertcn
O D Rice, Wh Salmon
W O Pugh, do
W B Hayden, Centervll
D P Edwards, Powell'a
S A Gupner, ao
R Marks. do
valley
A Chlsholm. Oak PolntlJ c Pearce. Yaqulna
M Kauiman, oan i-ojni,tj i- warner. Seattle
Thoa Dorrls, Cathlamet.C H Stevens. Seattle
O H Farnls. Htllsboro iEd Olcott. Mont
G A Gore. Kalama ,E C Hamilton. Oreg Cy
E B Dufur. Dallto M E Pendleton, BuitevI
S H Gupner. Roseburg.F E Hamilton. Dllley
Sidney Hoffman, do JHH Case, Dllley
Hotel Donnelly. Tn coins.
European plan; headquarters for com
mercial men. . Chllberg's restaurant la
connection.
Hotel Dutler, 5c:ittle.
European. Rooms with or without bath.
Ladles and gents' grillrooms in connection.
Kruse's Grill Room and Restaurant
Stark street, opp. Chamber of Commerce.
o
A Correction.
PORTLAND, Feb. 28. (To the Editor.)
Since my letter, "Herbert Spencer's
Views," In today's issue of your paper,
was written. I learn that the subject of
Mr. Wilson's lecture at the First "Uni
tarian Church on last Sunday evening
was: "The Use of Rationalism the Re
ligion of Herbert Spencer." I therefore
owe Mr. Wilson an apology for charging
him with referring to Spencer as a mate
rialist. The error was duo to the fact
that in the title of the lecture, as given
to me, the word "materialism," Instead
of "rationalism," was used. Without,
therefore, retracting a word that I 6ald
against the frequent misuse of tho term
"materlal'et." as appl'ed to Herbert Spen
cer, yet I beg to withdraw all that was
said connecting Mr. Wilson's name with
l6uch a. use, H. K. SARGENT.
ARE NOT PUBLIC LANDS
THE
BEACH DIGGINGS AT
XOME, ALASKA.
CAPE
Only Mineral Lands Beloncrinf to
United States Arc Open to Explora
tion, Occupation and Farcnasc.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 24. It is now
pretty well understood that in the eyes
of the Interior Department the tide lands
of Alaska are are not public lands, be
longing to the United States, Tvlthln the
meaning of the mining laws, and no rights
Whatever -with rosnfet tr noi l.indn ran
be acquired by exploration, occupation, I
location or otherwise under the land
laws.
This decision of the Department was j
brought about through a communication
from James W. Logan, who had located
a mining claim on the Cape Nome Beach.
Logan, with a number of other persons,
attempted to make certain placer mining
locations upon this beach, embracing In
part lands lying below the line of ordinary
high tide, in other words tide lands, with
the Intention of working these lands. The
Commissioner of the General Land office
expressed the opinion that these lands
could not bo considered public lands of the
character subject to disposal under the
land laws of the United States, and that
his office was without authority to make
any concessions in the premises.
Under the laws of the United States re
lating to mineral lands and mining claims,
which have been extended to Alaska, only
mineral lands belonging to thee United
States are open to exploration, occupation,
location and purchase. In the case of
that portion of the claims which lie above
ordinary high tide, the Department hblds
that such are public lands of the United
States, and, If mineral In character, as arc
the lands so situated In the Nome coun
try, could be located, occupied and held
under the mining laws as extended to Alas
ka, the ame as any other publ'c mineral
lands in the territory, if it were not for
the provision In the act of 1S9S, which de
clares that a "roadway" CO feet In width
parallel to the shore line as near as may
be practicable, shall be reserved for the
use of the public as a highway." The De
partment confesses that this provision has
not been sufficiently considered to Justlfy
an expression of any opinion at this time.
Tho remaining question presented is:
Are the tide lands in the District of Alas
ka, public lands "belonging to the United
States, within the meaning of the mining
laws?
In the case of Shively vs. Bowlby the
Supreme Court had under consideration
the question of the title to certain tide
lands in the State of Oregon. In Its de
cision of the case, the court, after an elab
orate and exhaustive review and discus
sion of the whole general subject of the
ownership and control of the tide lands in
the various States and Territories of the
United States, summed up Its conclusions
as follows:
Lands under tide waters are Incapable of cul
tivation or Improvement In the manner of lands
above high-water mark. They are of great
value to the public for the purposes of com
merce, navigation and fishery. Their Improve
ment by Individuals, when permitted, to Inci
dental or subordinate to the public use and
right. Therefore the title and the control of
them are vested In the sovereign for the benefit
of the whole people.
At common law. the title and the dominion
In lands flowed by the tide were In the king
for the benefit of the Nation. Upon tho settle
ment of the colonies. like rights passed to the
grantees In the royal charters. In trust fcr the
communities to be established. Upon the Amer
ican Revolution, these rights, charged with a
like trust, were vested In the original States
within their respective borders, subject to the
rights surrendered by the Constitution to the
United States.
Upon the acquisition of a territory by the
UMted States, whether by cctslon from one of
the States, or by treaty with a foreign coun
try, or by discovery and settlement, the same
title and dominion parosd to the United Stales,
for the benefit of the whole people, and in
trust for the several States, to be ultimately
created out of the territory.
The new States admitted Into the Union since
the adoption of the Constitution have the same
righto oa the original States In the tlds waters,
and In the lands under them, within their re
spective Jurisdictions. The title and rights of
riparian or Uttoral proprietors in the soil below
high-water mark, therefore, are governed by
the laws of the several State, subject to the
rights granted to the United States by the Con
stitution. The United States, while they hold the coun
try aa a territory, having all the powers both
of national and of municipal government, may
grant, for appropriate purpose, titles or rights
In the coll below high-water mark of tide
waters. But they nave never dene bo by general
laws; and. unless In some case of International
duty or public cxlge'ncy. have acted upon the
policy, as most In accordance with the Interest
of the people and with the object for which the
territories were acquired, of leaving the admin
istration and disposition of the sovereign rights
In navigable waters, and In the roll under them,
to the control of the States, respectively, when
organized and admitted luto the Union.
Grants by Congress of portions of the public
lands within a territory to settlero thereon,
though bordering on or bounded by navigable
wateio, convey, of their own force, no title
or rlrht below high-water mark, and do not
Impair the title and dominion of the future
State when created; but leave the question of
the use of the shores by the owners of uplands
to the sovereign control of each State, subject
only to the rights vested by the Constitution In
the United States.
"In view of the law ns thus declared,
says the Secretary, "and of the stated
policy theretofore prevailing with respect
to tide lands. In the absence of specific leg
islation by the Congress In relation to the
tide lands of the District of Alaska at
varlanco with said policy, there can be no
doubt that such tide lands arc not public
lands belonging to the United States, with
in the meaning of the mining laws, and
that no rights whatever can be acquired
with respect thereto by exploration, lo
cation, or otherwise, under said laws.
"It is proper in this connection to also
refer to the act of May 14, 1SS8. entitled
'An act extending the homestead laws and
providing for right cf way for railroads
in the District of Alaska, and for other
purposes,' where In it Is provided:
"That nothing In this act contained shall be
construed as Impairing In any degree the title
of any State that may hereafter be erected out
of said district, or any part thereof, to tide
lands and beds of any of Its navigable waters,
or the right of such State to regulate the use
thereof, nor the right of the United States to
resume porstcslcn of such lands, it being de
clared that all such rights shall continue to be
held by the United States In trust for the peo
ple of any State or States which may here
after be erected out of said district. The term
'navigable water,' as herein used, shall be
held to Include all tidal waters up to the line
of ordinary high tide and all non-tidal waters
navigable In fact up to the line of ordinary
high-water mark.
"This legislative declaration Is in entire
harmony with the law as It had been
previously announced toy the Supreme
Court In the case above recited, and Is
indicative of a purpose on the part of
Congress, in dealing with the D'strlct of
Alaska, to adhere to the policy thereto
fore existing with respect to the tide
lands.
"In view of all the foregoing It Is per
fectly clear that the mining locations in
question, so far as it Is attempted by
them to embrace lands lying below the
line of ordinary high tide, are without au
thority of law, and therefore void, and
that the land department Is without au
thority to grant any concessions what
ever with reference to the desired occu
pancy or working of said tide lands for
mining purposes, or otherwise. The views
expressed by j'our office In this respect are
iccordlngly approved."
Sec Othello II, .').
PORTLAND, Feb. 2S.-(To the Editor.)
Kindly state In the columns of The Ore
gonlan who is the author of the old saying:
"Why will man put an enemy In his mouth
to1 steal away his brains T' 1. H. B.
In the "good
Old days" a
tnan's Care for
his health was
marked by the
completeness
of the armor in
which he lock
ed himself up.
III ,V xA
It was very un
healthy in
those "merry
days" of jovial
robber barons,
to be outside of
the steel case
of knigthood.
It was steel vs.
steal every
hour of the
day. In our
times a man
needs to be
armed inside
rather than
out. The
irentle perm is
like love in that he "laushs at lock
smiths." You can't lock him out, but
you can make it so mighty uncomfortable
for him that he'll be glad to get out and
seek some other lodging.
The greatest protection against disease
is a healthy condition of the stomach and
other organs of digestion and nutrition.
Health is the true armor against the
germ. The health of the stomach and
allied organs is assured to those who use
Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery.
It purifies the blood, strengthens the
stomach, nourishes the nerves and gives
new life to the lungs.
j There is no alcohol or other intoxicant
contained in "Golden Medical Discov
ery." I "I used ten bottles of Dr. Pierce's Golden Med
ical Discovery and several vials of his ' Pleasant
Pellets ' a year ago this spring, and have had no
troubic with indigestion since." writes Mr. W. T.
j uuiu IJ3UU, ui luiruscnu, uruauwiucr km , ;uon
tana. Words fail to tell how thankful I am for
the relief, as I hnd suffered so much and it
fceraed-tnat the doctors could do me no good.
I got down in weight to ia; ponnds. and was not
able to work at nil. Now 1 wcii;h nearly 160 and
can do a day's work on the farm."
J Dr. Pierce's Pellets cure biliousness.
I&&I
Mrs. Ruth Berkely, Salina, Kas.,
says: "One of my grandchildren
had a severe caso of Scrofula, which
spread and formed sores all over
her body. Her eyes were attacked,
and we feared she would loso her
sight. The best physicians treated
her, but she grew worse, and her
case seemed hopeless. We then de
cided to try Swift's Specific, and
that medicine at once made a com
plete cure. She has never had a
sign of the disease to return.
for
fiK70Q36 iiitt
(Swift's Specific) is guaranteed purely
vegetable, and will cure any blood disease
it matters not how obstinate or deep
seated the case. Valuable books sent
Leo by Swift Specific Co., Atlanta, Ga.
I will guarantee
that rav Rheumatism
Cure will relieve lum
bngo. sciatica and all
rheumatic pains in
two or three honra
and cure in a few
days.
MUNYON.
At all druggists,
25c. a vial. Guide
to Health and medi
cal advice free.
1505 Arch at. Phila.
im&&jm&3m
FDR. TORPID LIVER
?AKE Dr.CC.
o.
THE BEST OF AIL
For Biliousness
DusoeDsm and all.
Stomach Disorders.
LALL THE LEADING DRUGGISTS..
m&3mtssmm&
E.&AV. DRESS SHIRTS. E. & AV.
Perfect tn every detail.
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
This Summer?
Yes? Then let us suggest
that ou AT ONCE arrange
the detaiis of your trip. Trans
Atlantic travel will attain rec
" ord-breaklng proportions this
summer, and the sooner you
reserve your berth the easier
it will -be to secure desirable
accommodations.
Drop In and see us about It
wc can sell you a ticket
through to Paris and back
again. -
Ticket OfZIcc,
ICO 3d Street, conrr Stari.pjrlUaJ, Okjji.
R. W. FOSTER.
Ticket Acent.
GEO. S. TAYLOR.
City Paraencer Agent.
WASHINGTON & ALASKA
STEAMSHIP CO..
Steamship "CITY OF SEATTLE" will leav?
Seattle at 8 P. M. on Thursday. Feb. 22. and
every 10 days thereafter. lor Vancouver, Ketch
ikan. Juneau and Skngway. making trip from
Seattle to Skcgway In 72 houro.
For freight and passage Inquire of
DODWELL & CO.. L KITED. AGKXTS.
(fvtt Bk. Ww
mf
r i Wi
v
11 I -1
Blood
v1 F
if Mft
111 5
P m P
m Hk &.
w
Goioo to Paris
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
i ' i nn
Union Depot, Sixth nnd J Streets.
TWO TRAINS DAILY
FOR ALL POINTS EAST
"FAST MAIL AND P OIITL AND - CHI
CAGO SPECIAL KOCTE."
Leaves for the East via Spokane daily at 3.43
P. M. Arrives at 8:00 A. iL
Leaves for the East, via fendleton and Hunt
ington, dally at S.CO P. M. Arrives, via Hunt
ington and Penalston, at G:43 P. M.
THItOOGJi PULLMAN AND TOURIST
SLEEPER3.
Water llces schedule, subject to change with
out notice:
OCEAX AXC RIVER SCHEDULE.
OCEAN DIVISION Steamships sail fr:m
Alcsworth dock at 8:00 P. K. Leave Portland
Columbia sails Thursday, Feb. 1; Sunday. Feb.
11: Wednesday. Feb. 21. State of California
UU Tuesday. Feb. 0; Friday. Feb. 10: Mon
day. Feb. 26.
From San Francisco State of California rails
Friday. Feb, 2; Monday. Feb. 12; Thursda.
Feb. 22. Columbia sails WednRsdav. Feb. T:
Saturday. Feb. 17; Tuesday. Feb. 27.
COLUMBIA RIVER DIVISION.
PORTLAND AND ASTORIA.
Steamer Hassalo leaves Portland dally, except
Sunday, at 8.00 P. M : on Saturday at 10-.C0 P.
M. Returning, leaves Astoria dally, except Sun
day, at 7:CO A. M.
WILLA3IETTE RIVER DIVISION.
PORTLAND AND CORVALL15. OR.
-Steamer Ruth, for Salem. Albany, Corvailla
r.nd way points, leaves Portland Tuesdays.
Thunrfajs and Saturdays ar COO A. M. Return
ing, leaves Corvallls Mondays. Weonesaayo an.i
Fridays at 0:00 A M.
Steamer Modoc, for Salem. Independence and
way points, leaves Portland Mondaya.Wednes
days and Fridays at G:00 A. M. Returning.
leaves tnaepcnaer.ee xuesuays. xnursaaya au
Saturdays at 5.30 A. M.
YAMHILL RIVER ROUTE.
PORTLAND AND DATTON. OR.
Steamer Elmore, for Dayton and way points.
leaves Portland Tuesdays. Thursdays and Sat
urdays at 7 A. M. Returning, leaves Dayton for
Portland and way points Mondays. Wednesdays
and Fridays at 0 A. M.
SXAKE RIVER ROUTE.
RIPARIA. WASH.. AND LEWISTON. IDAHO.
Steamer Spokane or steamer Lcwiston leaves
Rlparia dally at 1 :20 A. M., arriving at Lcwiston.
at 12 o'clock noon. Returning, tho Spokane or
Lewlston leaves Lewlston dally at 8:30 A. M..
arriving at Rlparia same evening.
W. H. HURLBURT.
General Passenger Agent.
V. A. SCHILLING. City Ticket Agent.
Telephone Main 712.
New St eamsbip Line to the Orient
CHINA AND JAPAN. FROM PORTLAND.
In connection with THE OREGON RAILROAD
t NAVIGATION CO. Schedule. 1000 (subject to
chance):
Steamer Leave Portland.
Feb. 20
"ABERGnLDIE" March 21
"MONMOUTHSHIRE" April S
For rates, accommodation."', etc.. apply to
DODWELL & COMPANY. Limited.
General Agenta. Portland. Or.
To principal points In Japan and China.
Lcnvc
Drpot FHtb aai I S'r:::i
Arrive
OVERLAND EX
PRESS TRAINS.
for Salem. Rose
bur?. Ashland. Sac
xamento, Ogden.
Son Francisco. Mo
Jave, Los Angelej,
El Paso. New Or
leans and tho East.
At Woodburn
(dally except Sun
day), morning' train
connects' with train
for Mt. Angel. Sll
v e r t on, Browns
ville, Sprlngfl 1 .1
and Natron, and
evening train for
Mt. Angel and Sil
ver ton.
Corvallls pissenger.
Shrrldan passenger..
7:00 P. M.
SCO A. M.
9:15 A. M.
7:00 P. M.
T:30 A. M
11-4:30 P. M.
I1:G0 P. M.
118:23 A M
Dally. lIDally except Sunday.
Rebate- tickets on sale between Portland. Sac
ramento and San Franclsio. Net rates $17 nrst
class and $11 second class, Including sleeper.
Rates and tickets to Eastern points and Eu
rope. Also JAPAN. CHINA. HONOLULU and
AUSTRALIA Can be ootained from J. B.
K1RKLAND. Ticket Agent. 134 Third it.
YAMHILL DIVISION.
Passenger Depot, foot of Jefferson Street.
Leave for Oswego dally at 7:20. 0:40 A. M.;
12:30. 1:35. 3-25, 0:15, 0.25. S:05. ll:3ij p. M.;
and 0:00 A. M. on Sundays only. Arrive at
Portland dally at G:33. 8:30. 10:50 A. M.;
1:35. 3:15. 4:30. 0:20. 7:40. 10:00 P. M.; 12:40
A. M. dally, except Monday. 5:30 and 10:03 A.
MI on Sundays only.
Leave for Dalian dally, except Sunday, at
4:30 P. M. Arrive at Portland at 0.30 A. M.
Passenger train leaves Dallas for Alrlle Mon
days. "Wednesdays and Frldaya at 2:45 P. M.
Returns Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.
Except Sunday.
R. KOEHLER.
Manager.
C. H. MARKHAM.
Gen. FrL & Pass. Agt.
Pacific Coasi Steamship Co
FOR ALASKA
THE COMPANY'S elegant
steamer?. Cottage City, City
of Topeka and Al - Kl leave
TACOMA 11 A. M.. SEATTLE
0 P. M.. Feb. 4. 0. 14. 10. 24.
Mar. 1. 11. 16. 21. 26. 31, Apr.
5. and -every fifth day there
after. For further Information
obtain company's fclder.
The company reserves the rlgnt to chance,
steamers, sailing dates and houra of aalllns
without prevloua notice.
AGENTS N. POSTON, 210 Washington st..
Portland. Or.; F. W. CARLETON. N. P. R. R.
dock. Tacoma: J. F. TROWBRIDGE. Puget
Sound Supt., Ocean dock. Seattle.
GOODALL. PERKINS .6 CO.. Gen. Agts.. S. F.
WHITE COLLAR LINE
COLUMBIA RIVER & PUGET SOUND NAVI
GATION CO.
PORTLAND AND ASTORIA.
35i L.
BAILEY GATZERT (Aider-street docx)
Leaves Portland daily every morning at 7
o'clock, except Sunday. Returning, leaves As
toria every night at 7 o"clock. except Sunday.
Oregon phone Main 331. Columbia phone 331.
U. B. SCOTT. President.
The Macnlficent Trans-Paclflc Passenger
Steamship
TACOMA
Registered tonnage, 2S11 tons; capacity.
4000 tons; passenger accommodations, 100
first class, 200 second class. This steam
ship has just been released from the gov
ernment Gervlce as a troopship, and has
every modern comfort and convenience and
Is tho largest steamship In the Cape Nome
trade.
Will sail from Tacoma and Seattle on or
about the 25th of May.
For rates and full Information apply to
DODWELIi & CO.. LTD.
Telephone, Main. . 252 Oak Street.
VANCOUVER TRANSPORTATION CO.
Steamer Undine. Captain Charles T. Kamm.
leaves Vancouver at 8:30 A. M. nnd 1 P. M.
Leaves Portland at 10:30 A. M. Pnd 4:30 P. M.
Sundays excepted. For freight or passage ap
ply on board, foot of Taylor street. Round trip.
20c
FAT MMlo
O 0GDEM65HASXM-1
SOUTH WS?
4r wfrfei-
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
THE FASTEST AND MOST
DIRECT lINE
-TO THE
SOUTHEAST
r-LMJ-- V
' -,.11V
The Direct Line io Denver, Omahi.
Kansas City and St. Loub.
Only 3J6 Days to Chicago,
Only 4 Days to NewYorkand
other Principal Eastern cltl23
Tlirousrli Pullman Pnlace Sleeper
Tourist SIceucrs
Dining Cars tmenl.n u In carte), nnd
free Itccllnlnjc Clinir Cars
Operated Dally on Fast Mall Tratoi
Through tickets, bajrgas checks and sleeping.
car accommodations can be arranged at
CITY TICKET OFFICE
1 35 Third Stresi Portland, Oregon
J. II. LOTIIRO1. GEORGE UXO.
Gen'l .fcc City Pass- Tkt. Act.
THE DINING CAR ROUTE FROM PORTLAND
TO THE EAST.
THE ONLY DIRECT LINE TO THE YELLOW-
STONE PARK.
Len-vc
Union Depot, Fltfi 23 II Sts
Arrlv
Fast mall for Taco
ma. Seattle. Olympla.
Gray's Harbcr anl
South Bend point.
Spokane. RossianU. B.
C. Pullman. Moscow.
Lewls:on. Buffalo
Hump mining country.
Helena. Minneapolis.
St. Paul. Omaha. Kan
sas City. St. Lcuis.
Chicago and all polnti
east and southeast.
Puk:i Sound Express
for Tacoma and HeattU
and Intermed.ate points
No.:..
3:30 P. M.
No. 4.
11:30 P. M.
No. 3L
::oo a M.
Pullman first-class and tourist xiecpers to Min
neapolis. SL Paul and Missouri river points with
out change.
Vestlbulrd trains. Union depot connections la
all principal cities.
Baggage checked to destination of tlck-ts.
For handsomelv Illustrated descrlatlve matter,
tickets, sleeping-car reservations, e.c. call on or
wrlta
A. D. CHARLTON
Assintnnt Gcncrnl I'ncng:rr Agent.
235 Morrison St.. Cor. Third.
Portland. Oregon.
GO EAST VIA
ON THE FAMOUS
Chicago - Portland Special
And Travel in Luxurious Comfort
Dining: Cnrs. Service n In Cnrte.
Llbrnry-Bnffet Smoklnp Cars.
Palnce nnd Ordinary Sleeping Cnrs.
Free Reclining: Clzulr Cars.
The only train "unnlnsr through solid from
Portland to Chicago. No change of cars. Every
car illuminated with Plntsch gas.
Leaves S P. M.. Portland. Arrives 0:43 P. il-
CITY TICKET OFFICE
124 Third St. Phone Main 58S
W. E. COMAN.
General Agent.
J. R. NAGEL.
City Ticket Agt.
iOO PACIFIC LINC
Offers the LOWEST RATES and BEST SERV
Ice to and from alt Eastern points and Europe.
Through tour.st cars from coast to St. Paul.
Toronto. Montreal aaJ Boston WITHOUT
CHANGE.
Direct Route to
Kootenay Mining District
British Columbia
Canadian Pacific trjil nuiJ XtxtL&ii, lines u
Tapar anl Asittal.
Tci rate and Information, apply to
IL H. ABLJCTT. Agent.
E. J. COYLE. 140 Third street, city.
A. G. P. A. Vancouver. B. C.
iREATlQRTHERN
Ticket Olllcc: 1-2 Third St. 'Phone CSO
LEAVE.
No. 4
3:45 P. M.
The Flyer, dally to an-1
from St. Paul. Minne
apolis. Duluth. Chicago
and all points East.
ARRIVE.
No. 3.
S-.00 A. M,
Through Palace and Tourist Sleepers, D'.nlnj
and Buffet Smoking-Llbrary Can.
JAPAN - AMERICAN m LINE
STEAMSHIP KINSHIU MARU
For Japan. China and all Asiatic point in
leave Seattle
About March 12th.
Astoria & Columbia
River Railroad Co.
LEAVES
UNION
DEPOT.
For Maygers, Rainier.
Clatskanle. Westporr.
Clifton. Astoria. War
renton. Flavel. Ham
mond. Fort Stevens,
Gearhart Park. Seaside.
Astoria and Seashore
Express.
Dally.
Astoria Express.
Daily.
ARRIVES
UNION
DEPOT.
8:00 A.M.
7:00 P. M.
11:15 A. M.
3:40 P. M.
Xlctet offlce. 235 Morrison, st. and Union depot.
J. C. MAYO. Gen. Pass. Agti. Astoria. Os.
EAST AMD
IS THE '
Wis
i ' '