10 THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1900. RECENT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES t (Copyright. 1000, by THEOR1 EQONtAN': '5 HOMESTUDY CIRCLE e4-Te papers ea. Practical Science have heea prop or ed Jar The OregaataB't Home Study OMk hr Pref. WttH&m J. Hopklcs, of Drexel IIiaUID Affi. (Geeticmed.) Critical Temperature. (X the substances familiar to everybody, seme eeotkr, voder ordinary conditions, In the three states of gas, liquid end solid. Water, for example, under tile usual pres sure of the atmosphere, passes Into steam at M9 degrees centigrade or 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and freeaes at 6 degrees centi grade or X degrees Fahrenheit. If the pressure is increased, the boiling point zteee, and if the pressure is lowered the betting point falls accordingly. The pres sure and the temperature must both, be taken into account. If the temperature is kept high, as in a steam boiler, a greater pressure must be exerted to maintain the water in the liquid state, and if the or dinary temperature were, on the average, 4W degrees centigrade higher than It Is, water would be known, to us only as a gas. That is, steam at a temperature above 186 degrees centigrade, or about 67 degrees Fahrenheit, cannot be changed to liquid by any pressure, however, great. The researches of Andrews showed oie&riy that & simitar state of things ex rJets for every substance. That Is, there Is far every substance some point of tern terafcure above whtoh it cannot become 'iiquW, and this temperature is called the tBftaaaaqAwx TIUPLER'S APPARATUS FOR "ecMoai temperature." His most in structive experiments were made with "carbonic add gas," or carbon dioxide, which has a critical temperature easily reached. The first step, then, In the liquefaction o any gas must evidently be to reduce its temperature below the critical point. Then, and not before then, wilt pressure become effective, In reducing. it t & liquid. Evidently, also, any gas will be easy or di cult to liquefy, accord ing as its critical temperature Is high or low. Oxygen, whose critical temperature is 118 degrees below zero, centigrade, re etoted all efforts at liquefaction for many yeans; nitrogen, with a critical tempera ture of -446 degrees centigrade, was still more refractory, and hydrogen, whose critical temperature has not been exactly determined, had to be cooled to about 2 decrees, or more, below the zero of the centigrade scale before It yielded. The attainment of these extremely low temperatures was a matter of great diffi cult', and was accomplished only gradu ally, through years of experiment. The means upon which chief reliance has been placed until recently is the heat change occurring when a substance which melts or boite at a low temperature is allowed to change from the solid to the liquid or from the liquid to the gaseous state. Heat GhaHfren la Melting and Bolllnff. When a ootid Is melted heat must be continually supplied to it until the melt ing Is completed. This heat Is used in doing the work of separating the particles from the cloee bonds which make it a solid. It produces no change in temperature, and is therefore called "latent" heat. The use of Ice in drinking water is a common Illustration of this action, or the freezing of toe cream by the melting of a mixture of toe and salt. In the latter case part of the necessary heat Is supplied to the melting mixture by the cream, which lit frouen, the freezing point of the cream being higher than the melting point of the mixture. Stnriiariy. when a liquid Is changed to a gas. a steady supply of heat Is necessary. much greater than is needed to melt the same quantity of the substance. It is passible to evaporate water so rapidly under a reduced pressure that the water itaetf is frosen. The heat is used in work at a rapid rate, and is taken from the hod of water which is evaporating. Small portions of substances which are usually gaseous have been solidified In this way. Bj- means of this action, and by a proper choice of substances, very low temper atures have oeen produced. The method is stilt used and must continue to be. In the past It has been an expensive method because the substances which were used as eeoMng agents were themselves lique fied or solidified with more or less diffi culty. It is not necessary, however, that a substance should be in the liquid or solid form to produce a cooling effect. A gas may be made to cool Itself. Heat CltiutKen in Compression anil IxjtAnIon. JSverybody wno has ever pumped up a bicycle tire with a hand pump knows that the oainnreeeed ah- is hot. The work done upon the air by the pumping increases its store of heat and raises It' temperature. .If the air thus compressed is allowed to eecaase into the atmosphere, it has to push away the outside air, doing work upon it, and hs cooled In the process. Moreover. If the compressed air has been allowed to cool to the ordinary atmospheric temper ature before it is released, the Issuing jet of expanding air wtil be felt to be dis ttnetty cold. This Is the action upon which the modern "regenerative method" This method is used on a considerable scale, chiefly by three experlmentens. Iinua. In Germany. Hampsin In England and Tripler In America, As Tri pier's operations seem to be the most extensive, as well as the most Interesting to us for other reasons, his method will be de poribed so far as it is publicly known. It Is almost absurdly simple. There is an air compressor operated by steam power. ootta m which the compressed air in cooled to the temperature of the water running over them, and a "liquener," as It Is catted, from which liquid air is drawn by the galkm when the plant is In operation. The air Is oomsreeeed three times, with cooHag between: first, to about W pounds above the atmospheric pressure, then to about 4M pounds, and !at, to 8609 pounds to the wquare Inch The dust is filtered from the air before It enters the com-pier-or. and there Is another separation at tb highest pressure to take out the loot traces of foreign matter The air at MM pounds pressure and zi the temper ature of the cooling tanks then passes to the Mauofters. of which there are two. Juot what the construction of the llque fiors te Is not publicly known. Their es sential parts are a long coil of copper tube BuiTCuntod by a cvtinder which Is thor oughly wrapped in Insulating material. The compressed air passes through the cooner tube, and is released at the end by moans of a needle valve, said to be of some pat Ocularly advantageous design. At thh- point It expands to aibout the atmos pheric pressure, and is very rreatly cooled hs the process. This expanded and cooled aSr thoa passes backward ever the colts of pipe and escapes. eooHng the compressed ah- wtthta. which, m Its turn, expands at en valve, and Is atJtl further cooled, -he K, therefore, nrogreeslve ad re m Its eooMag affect, and the j. n- 'I f.oool rP T HI!??!! Beysaoar Eaton.) DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATO lowering of temperature at the release point soon becomes so great that part of the air liquefies and collects in the lower end of the liqueflers, from which it can be drawn off like so much water by opening a tap. Not the least wonderful thing about it Is that this liquid air, at a temperature far below any of which we can have an ade quate conception, is handled in apparently the most careless fashion without Injury, poured about like water, and transported hundreds of miles In open buckets. Note. The study of "Liquid Air" will be concluded next Tuesday. IMPORTS OF THE NATION. Largest Increase of the Tear Is From Asia. The imports of the United States dropped off very much In 189S as com pared with the preceding year, and more than recovered In 1899. We may regard the Imports of 1898 as abnormal, and the Imports of 1897 and 1899 as Indicating ap proximately the progress of our Import trade. The Increase of 1S99 was a little less than 8 per cent over 1S97. But the imports from Europe decreased more than 55,000,000. There were substantial de creases from England and Germany, but Increases from most of the other coun tries. In round millions the changes In our &t;&uat!fciiX& TUB IiiaUIFICATION OF GASES. Import trade by geographical divisions is as follows, comparing 1S99 with 1897: Decrease. Increase. Europe 5 British North America 4 Other North American 28 South America 12 .. Asia 43 Oceanica 6 Africa 2 21 Net The Imports from the leading European countries for the two years compared were as follows: 1897. 1699. United Kingdom.'. $159,002,256 $142,321,497 Germany 98,062,278 89,579,339 France 66,730.631 70,404.908 Italy 20,165,602 26,459,351 Switzerland 12,692,309 16,288,947 Holland 13,782,795 15,278,069 Belgium 13.901,545 11,733,802 Austria-Hungary 7,069,747 8,054.459 From other parts of North America than British the imports were as follows: 1897. 1899. Central America $ 8,981,227 $ 9,305,079 Mexico 19.650,099 24,625,000 West Indies 32,794,301 52,739,219 There was an Increase of about $4,000, 000 from the British West Indies, and over $1,000,000 from Puerto Rico, but the largest Item in this increase was the growth of Imports from Cuba from $16, 233,456 to $29,619,759. The imports from the leading countries of South America show the following changes: 1897 1899 Brazil $65,928,850 $59,580,868 Argentina 10.89S.551 5,597,373 Venezuela 8,556,569 5,669,925 The imports from Chile, Colombia, Ecua dor. British and Dutch Guiana and Peru increased. The amounts are not very large, but in some cases the ratios are considerable. The Imports from Uruguay fell oft more than one-half. There was no particular change in the Imports of hides and skins from South America, but the Imports of wools of the first and sec ond classes from South America have fallen off very heavily. The largest Increase of Imports Is from Asia, and Is due chiefly to the increase from the British and Dutch East Indies. From these two groups the Increase was from $36,376,814 in 1897 to $70,694,720 in 1S99. The import of raw sugar from the East Indies increased from $9,999,154 in 1897 to $30,636,469 in 1599. But there was an in crease of over $1,000,000 from China and nearly a million and a half from Hong Kong, and an Increase of more than $6,000,000 from Japan. The Increased imports from Oceanica wore due to the increase from Hawaii, from $15,311,685 in 1897 to $22,188,206 in 1889; the Imports ore almost exclusively sugar. There was a decreased import from British Australasia, except Auck land and FIJI; the import from the Phil ippines increased moderately, and from other points In this group the Imports are trifling. The largest Item In the increase of imports from Africa was an increase of a million and a half from Egypt and small Increases from British Africa, and Africa not classified. The imports are only partially classi fied by countries from which they are im ported. This is done in great detail for fiscal years, the report for 1899 not yet being Issued; we are using here the pre liminary report for the calendar year 1SS9. The current Importation last year was nearly $3,000,000, and almost two-thirds of It came from Germany. All the chemi cals and drugs Imported amounted to $48,247,047, but the sources of supply are not designated. The small amount of coal Imported comes almost entirely from the British provinces. Of the $5,249,871 worth of cocoa, $1,867,910 came from the ijntisn est inaics ana w,us,oz3 rrom South America. Most of the remainder oame, as many Imports do, not directly from the country of production, but from a European port. The coffee Imported last year was valued at $56,068,980, dis tributed as follows: Brazil $36.2S6,S17 Other South America 6,255,620 Central America -5,244,797 Mexico 3.026.624 East Indies 2,162.074 Other Asia and Oceanica 811,336 West Indies S66.486 The raw cotton Imported was worth $6,80S,395, of which $54,816,038 came from Egypt and $1,104,423 from the United Kingdom, whether Egyptian or Indian Is not designated. Only $500,000 worth came from Asia and Oceanica. Of $S,000,000 worth of cotton cloths, more than three fourths came from the United Kingdom. The other manufactures of cotton were valued at $2S,498,492. and the chief sources of supply were as follows: United Kingdom $8,360,310 Switzerland 8,137,630 Germany 7,180.000 France 4.192.S4S The earthenware, stoneware and china Imported slightly exceeded JS.000,000, over a third of which came from the United Kingdom, over a quarter from Germany, and nearly a quarter from France and Austria-Hungary together. Of flax the import was nearly $1,500,009, almost all from Europe; of Jute $2,738,000, mostly direct from the East Indies; raanlla, $6, 598.000, not quite two-thirds direct from the Philippines, and nearly one-third by way of England, and sisal grass over JS.N&.OOO, almost all from Mexico. Of more than $6,009,009 worth of furs and eklns, undressed, more than a third came from England, nearly a third from Germany. The hides and skins and prin cipal sources are as follows: Value of all $51,127,659 South America 10,674.313 East Indies 6,881,020 United Kingdom 6,655,305 Other Europe 16.732,174 The crude rubber was valued at 534, 219,019, more than half of which came di rect from Brazil, but over $13,000,000 came from Europe. The iron and steel manu factures, amounting to nearly 516,000,000, are not classified by countries. The raw silk was valued at $42,776,678, almost half from Japan, about a quarter from China and a little less from Italy. Of the manu factured silks, valued at $27,886,683, the chief sources of supply were: France $13,193,295 Germany 4,988,513 Switzerland 3,956,015 Japan 3,246,743 United Kingdom 2,664,764 The raw sugar imports were as fol lows: Value of all $107,137,769 Bast Indies 30.636,469 Hawaii 21.717,480 Cuba 17,746,966 Germany 10,700,153 British West Indies 5,825,818 Other "West Indies 6,755,109 South America 6,231.062 Africa 3,782,902 Austria-Hungary 2,030,032 The tea Imports were worth 'almost $11,000,000, nearly half of which was from China, a little less from Japan, and only $500,000 worth from the East Indies. The tobacco imports were valued at $11,654, 893, nearly $9,000,000 from Cuba and over $3,500,000 from Holland being Sumatra leaf. The wines were valued at $7,160,007, of which $4,622,795 came from France and $1,171,717 from Germany. The Imports of wool were "Valued at $11,659,644. Nearly half of 'it is put down as coming from the United Kingdom. Of the manufactures of wool, carpets were valued at $2,272,415, more than half from Continental Europe; cloths, $4,5S4,394, more than two-thirds from the United King dom; dress goods, $5,460,104, as follows: United Kingdom .'. $2,386,761 France 1,889,400 Germany 1,162,665 in TAXES FOR THESTATE. Tire County Judge of Linn Favors a Per Capita Basis. ALBANY, Or., Feb. 23. (To the Edi tor.) The vexatious question of equalizing the assessed valuations of the various Counties of the State seems to be up once more for discussion. It is, Indeed, a diffi cult problem to solve, and I question if human lngenunity can devise any plan or system equitably to equalize values be tween Counties on a property basis. Many were the criticisms, censures and even vituperations uhowered upon the late State Board of Equalization for what was deemed the injustice of its findings. It, Indeed, had a burdensome task one far beyond the ability of ordinary man to ac complish satisfactorily under the law. The law provides that, for purposes of assessment, lands tillable and nontillable shall be segregated. This provision of the law was violated, and many Counties sent in rolls with lands listed all In one column, unsegregated. How on earth could any board Intelligently compare values of tillable and nontillable segre gated lands with tillable and nontillable lands assessed together. Again, how can any board intelligently compare the town lots of Llim with those of Multnomah County? It simply cannot be done. The assessment law provides that all property shall be assessed at Its true cash value. We all know it is actually assessed at less than one-half of its value, with the growing disposition among As sessors, since the abolishment of the State Board of Equalization, to vie with one another in diregardlng the law In this par ticular, that their County may escape Its reasonable, Just and equitable proportion of the State tax. Some means must be deviEed so that It will be impossible for one County to lessen Its assessed valuation In the sum of $11,000,000 in one year. Assuming 'the risk of being deemed pre sumptuous, I suggest that the next Leg islature repeal all the present laws relat ing to the State's raising revenue from the variouB Counties, and enact a law providing for paying State tax upon a per capita basis. In June we shall have a United States census taken, and upon that enumeration, let the Legislature fix its levy for each County (or delegate the pow er as at present, to the State board) at $1 per capita, or such sum as will be found neoessary to raise revenue for annual ex penses of the State. ThlB. system will absolutely eliminate the mooted and vexatious question of equalizing values between the Counties. To my mind this plan appears perfectly simple and equitable. If under this sys tem any of the Counties desire to raise or lower their assessment, it Js no one'3 business but their own; but It will not enable them to shift their state burden onto the shoulders of neighboring Coun ties. I have never heard the system in use in this State for the distribution of the irrer duclble school or County 5-mill fund ob jected to In any particular. Its distribu tion is absolutely Just and equitable. Yet It Is substantially the plan suggested above; the County pays to the State Its tax on the basis of all Its population; the State and County pays to the various school districts upon a per capita of per sons between the ages of 5 and 20 years. Some will possibly urge that, as the United States census is taken only at each decade, the population will Increase or shift In localities to such a degree as to make this base inequitable. I believe there would be nothing In that argument. Population In a State like ours is quite stable at Its present ratio of distribution. Even if that were not true, a State cen sus is taken each five years after the United States enumeration, which in the wisdom of the Legislature could bo used as a basis for levying the annual tax on each County. GEORGE D. BARTON. The Holy WelL Newcastle (England) Chronicle. Now that Holywell street is about to be removed attention Is being given to the site of the well from which It derives its name. Tradition fixed the well beneath the old Spotted Dog Tavern, which was pulled down In 1864, after standing for two centuries; but the late George Augustus Sola was able to show that the well be neath that house had no claims to be re garded as holg, being a very commonplace affair, which had long been dried up. In 1877, however, a builder making re pairs In the basement of one of the house" between the Strand and Holywell street found a well about seven feet under ground, the water In wMch, some 20 feet below the surface, was remarkably pure and sweet. This Is believed to be the holy well, and when the property Is pulled down an attempt to trace It Is to be made. Probably It is supplied by the same spring which feeds the old Roman bath, nearly opposite on the other side of the Strand. A Substitute for Cork. New York Tribune. Phellosene is the name given by a French inventor to a substance he describes as artificial cork, and which may be used for all purposes for which cork has hitherto been found needful. It is an analogue of celluloid, and consists of cork bark ground to an Impalpable powder and agglutinated by a solution cf nltro-cellulose in acetone. It contains about 10 to 12 per cent of nitro cellulose, and is said to be a trifle, If any thing, more combustible than cork under the ordlnay condlt'ons. Editors r.t Nctv Orleans. NEW ORLEANS, La., Feb. 26. Thou sands are potir'ng into the city. Seven hundred newspaper people are here, and the Oregon delegation's headquarters are crowded. The convention opens Thursday. IS HE LARGE ENOUGH? THH PRESIDEXT IS SOW "TO" AGAINST IT," INDEED. He Has lteached the Parting of the Ways on the Dosmia of Protection. The President, says the New York Times, in a striking article, has come to the parting of the ways with respect to the dogma of protection. His position upon it has changed amazingly within the last four years. Then he tried his best, so long as he could with safety and even a little longer, to make upon that superannuated warhorse his campaign for the Presidency. While everybody else was thinking about the currency, he kept on talking about the tariff. Even when It was clearly shown to him that from every point of view. Including the campaign fund point of view, it was the gold stand- Ard and not the tariff that was the win ning issue, he clung with a simple and pathetic fondness to the belief of his childhood. Hl3 conservatism denoted ad herence rather to a religious dogma than to a political opinion, and amounted to what Emerson describes as an Intellect ual "prehensility of tail." The campaign was half over before he could be induced to give the slightest aid and comfort to those voters who desired to support Mm as the hesitating and reluctant candidate of sound money, but who were disgusted by the thought that their votes would be counted for McKinleylsm and Dingley ism. Even after he had been elected so clear ly and unmistakably without reference to tho tariff, he could not prevent himself from keeping on talking about It as the source and fountain of our National pros perity, and even acting, against the clear Interests of the country, in obedience to his belief. "I was born In the wilderness of Christianity," said the 18th century freethinker, "and some of the briars still hang about me." It was doubtless due to his pathetic delusion about the sacro sanctlty of the tariff, ably played upon by the Russian representative at Wash ington, that we owe the abandonment of our clear National interest by the Admin istration when Great Britain made her stand In defense of our interest as well aff her own. "If we Join the demand for the open door in China," we can imagine the President saying: "What shall we say for ourselves when it comes to a de mand for an open door in the United States?" And so Mr. Day issued that amazing announcement that the interests of the United States were not concerned in the controversy between the powers In China, which Mr. Hay, two years later, had so much trouble to undo and won so valuable a diplomatic victory by undoing. And then came the war and the conse quent expansion, and the President had to recognize the great truth that circum stances alter cases, and to make the fatal admission that the tariff was made for man, and not man for tho tariff, that pro tection was not a sacrosanct dogma, but a human invention, subject to error and liable to change. There was no citizen of tho Union upon whom a greater mass of evidence would have had to be brought to bear to Induce this change of heart, and to make him confess by actions that he had been, in point of fact, "a Bour bon suckled in a creed outworn." It would have been asking too much of him to confess It in words, but he has con fessed it by silence as well as by actions. He has found It practicable to write a message to Congress without paying the once sacred tariff the cold tribute of a passing glance, and he has found it prac ticable to recommend taking down the tariff fence altogether between these States and the Island of Puerto Rico. It may be that the quarter of the Ding ley rates proposed to be charged upon imports to Puerto Rico and exports from it, will meet the Immediate commercial needs of the Island, as well as the aboli tion of the tariff altogether as to that Island. But the President has committed himself to the advocacy of the latter course. Any temporary relief he may se cure for himself by yielding to protection ist pressure will be at the cost of far greater trouble to him and to his succes sors. Sugar from the Philippines must not be permitted to come Into competition with Hawaiian sugar. It must not be per mitted to come Into competition with Louisiana sugar. It must not be permit ted to endanger the success of the ex periments of any experimental agricultur ist who Is fiddling with beets in Nebraska or sorghum in Iowa, or maple sap in Ver mont. The President has gone far enough now to show that he recognizes that the protectionist Jig is up. It was ended by the results of the war with Spain. The question raised now is for him not a ques tion of brains, but a question of back bone. Has he the courage to act upon his own intellectual perceptions? Does he think that this is a convenient season to advocate the strengthening of the protec tionist wall? Does he think the American people will continue to recognize as an infant "mewling in the nurse's arms" the Carnegie Works, competing with its rivals the world over on equal terms, and divid ing 100 per cent a year of profits? Does he think they will listen with patience to that other infant, the shipbuilding indus try, squalling In one breath that it can build ships, as It can, in competition with the world, and whining in the next that, in addition to a protection of absolute and avowed exclusion of the competing prod uct, it shall be stayed with subsidies and comforted with bounties? Does he think they will stand the infamous Hepburn re port which proposes that we shall avow ourselves the enemies of commerce and of the human race by managing a great ocean highway as our private lane and taxing the ships of all the world In order to pay the cost of earning our own ships through free of charge? To yield now, by backing down from the stand he has taken In respect to Puerto Rico, were to deprive himself of the power of resisting any one of these ridiculous or disgraceful things. It were to prove the truth of Burke's saying that "a great Empire and little mind go ill together." It-makes a difference to all of us, and It makes a great difference to the President himself whether In this crisis he shows the cour age of his perceptions, the strength to in sist that, the moment we became a world power, we bound ourselves to cast aside the swaddling clothes of our industrial childhood. a BIG STORE TAX INVALID. Department Merchants "Win in Mis souri Supreme Court. Jefferson City, Mo. The Supreme Court has declared the department store law, passed by the last Legislature, to be un constitutional. It holds that the law Is class legislation; that the act is incom plete, and is not a law, and does not constitute a rule of conduct, and that the act Imposes an occupant tax as a license to do business. The so-called "antl-department-store" law was enacted by the last General As sembly, and, there being no emergency clause, It took effect on September 13, 1899. Its avowed purpose was to apply disoriminatlng taxation. The act was en titled "an act to regulate business and trade in cities having a population of 50,000 or over." The act made a classification of goods In some 70 classes, and these classes were further combined in groups. Any merchant in a city of over 50,000 inhab itants who employed over 15 employes in retail business was compelled to take out a separate license for each group cr class. This license was not to be less than $200 or more than $505 for each ctoud. 1 In the first draft of the bill In the Leg- Islature It was attempted to make this license $1000, but this was amended. As the bill was first drafted it prov.ded for the fixing of the license and Its col lection by the license authorities of each City, but this was amended by the Dem ocrats in the General Assembly so that it provided for a License Commissioner, to be appointed by the Governor. As department stores pay the same taxes which apply to other merchants in the State, they took steps to reast thi3 leg islation, and organized. In Kansas Clty crlminal proceedings were instituted against some of the merchants. In St. Louis nothing was done by the License Commissioner beyond sending out notices. An Injunction suit was filed in St. Louis, but the proceeding was not brought to a final hearing because of the advance on the docket by the Supreme Court of a case brought up from St. Joseph. In St. Joseph, in order to make a test case, the City authorities refused to grant a merchant's license to a merchant, on the ground that he had failed to comply with the department store law. He there upon bi ought a mandamus proceeding, claiming that the law was unconstitution al. The mandamus was granted, and the case was appealed to the Supreme Court by the City, and this was the case de cided by the Supreme Court. MILLIONS OF MISSILES FAIL Only One Shot In Ten Thousand Kills Records of Famous Battles. Answers. (English paper.) With their daily bombardment of Lady smith for 10 weeks, the Boers killed only 70 men. This is what all military author ities expected, for the shell makes more noise than it does damage. In past wars the most terrific bombardments resulted In only the same trifling loss. Take the Franco-German war. The Town of Mezleres was bombarded wKh the greatest vigor for 38 days, over EOOO sheila per day being thrown into it. This made a total of 193,000 shells falling among a closely packed population of 65,000 people. Yet only 300 people were killed, and kj wounded. Now, each shell broke Into from ICO to 200 pieces at least, so that It took 35,CC0 missiles to produce one hit! Longwy was the most extraordinary in stance of all the comparative harmless ness of shell Are. Quite 30,000 projectiles were thrown among the occupants. Cer tainly there were only 200 people altogether in the place. But of these not a solitary individual was killed or wounded. During the whole of this terrible war, in which nearly 2,000,000 troops were en gaged, and many millions of shells flred off, the Germans lost by shell Are only the trifling number of 695 officers and men killed, and 4389 of all ranks wounded. That is to say, the 1,000,000 German troops had one man in 200 hit by a fragment of a shell or a bullet from a shrapnel or case shot. Yet thi only weapon used In a siege is cannon at least, It is far and away the most-used weapon. Of course, the shell wounds made up In quality for what they lacked In. quantity, for a man wounded by & shell is not of much use thereafter. Curiously, the modern cannon used in the war of 1870 were not much more de structive than the ancient weapons we used in the last century. During the great siege of Gibraltar, lasting from April, 1781, to February, 17S2, the enormous num ber of 258,387 shells were thrown into the garrison. But the whole list of killed and wounded amounted to only 1341, and most of these S70 were only slightly hurt. Shells did more damage in the Crimea, This was an exceptional case, however, for most of the losses were sutalned In the great assault on the Redan. In other wars the rifle killed about nine to one for the shell, while in the Crimea four out of ten of the British and nearly five out of ten of tho French were dispatched by shell fire. We have many other figures proving that the shell Is not so formidable as Is generally supposed. When the Germans fought the Auetrlans, in 1866, they killed exactly nine by rifle. Are to one by shell fire. The Austrians in were superior in artillery, as the Germans were In rifles, and they killed about one and one-half by shell to eight and one-half by rifla bullets. In the United States Civil War only 14,000 were wounded by shell to 123,000 by rifle ball. This is a little less than one out of ten. And in the Italian campaign of 1859 few wero hit by bursting shells. Here are the figures: Wounded by bullets, 14,500; wound ed by large shells, ICO; wounded by shrap nel and cose shot, 740. But this war was fought altogether In the open field, while the shell is most used against fortified po sitions. Naval shell fire Is not much more fatal. During the one-day bombardment of Alexandria by the British fleet, which lasted nine hours, 800 Egyptians only were hit by 3165 shells, and. that In spite Of the shells being of huse size. Sampson, Denies Concn's Statement. BOSTON, Feb. 26. Admiral Sampson to day positively denied the statement mode by Captain Concas, of tho Spanish Navy, that the Cristobal Colon could have been saved, if the American Admiral had closed her sea valves. arc dangerous; they weaken the constitution, inflame the lungs, and often lead to Pneumonia. Cough syrups are useless. The system must be given strength and force to throw off" the disease. will dc this. It strengthens the lungs and builds up the entire system. It conquers the inflammation, cures the cough, and prevents serious crouble. 50c. and f 1 00, all drutzUti, SCOTT & BOWJNE, ChemUtsT New York. PRIMARY, SECONDARY OR TERTIARY BLOOD POISOS Permanently Cured. You can be treated at boras under tame guaranty. It you nave talcen mer cury. Iodide potash, and still have acnes and pains. Mucus Patches In Mouth, Sore Throat. Pimples, Copper-Colored Spots, Ulcers on any part of the body. Hair or Eyebrows falling out. write COOK REMEDY CO. 1539 Masonic Temple. Chicago, 111. for proofs pt cures. Capital. $500,000. We solicit the most ob stinate cases. We have cured the worst catti In 15 to 35 days. 100-page Book Free. WRIGHT'S INDIAN VEGETABLE PILLS Are acknowledge by thousands of peasons who hae used them for oyer forty years to cure a SICK HEADACHE. GIDDINESS, CONSTIPA TION. Torpid Liver, Weak Stomach. Pimples, and purify the blood. A form of disease may become so com mon that it is rcgzrtied as a necessary condition. In some of the valleys of Switzer land goitre, or thick neck, af flicts every inhabitant. A party of American tourists en- v tenner one "of these val leys was fol- f Srtrfir of jeering children who cried, " See, these people have no goitres," as if to be with out a goitre was a physical deficiency. Similarly, the prevalence of irregular periods among young women, and the commonness of debilitating drains among married women have created, the mischievous idea that these are the natural conditions of womanhood. In normal health the periods should be regular and painless and there should be neither drains nor pains for the mar ried woman. To regain that normal condition of health is possible to every woman who will make a trial of Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription. It regu lates the periods, dries up the drains, and cures ulceration and inflammation. Sick women can consult Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y., by letter without charge. Every letter is held as strictly private and sacredly confidential. " I had fellinj of internal organs and had to go to bed orce a month , had irregular moathly periods which would sometimes last tea or twelve days," writes Mrs. Alice L. Holmes, of Coolsprinpr Street, Uniontown, Pa. Had also indigestion so bad that I could not eat anythiag hardly Dr Pierce 3 Favorite Prescription and ' Golden Medical Discovery cured me. I took three bottles of the 'Favorite Prescription and one of the' Golden Medical Discovery.' " Dr. Pierce's Common Sense Medical Adviser sent free on receipt of stamps to cover mailing only. Twenty-one one cent stamps for edition in paper; 31 stamps for the cloth-bound edition. Ad dress Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y. J.N.Murdock, 279 Snoderags Street, Dallas, Texas, says: "My son had a terrible Cancer on his jaw, for which the doctors performed, a painful operation, cutting down to the bone and scraping it. The Cancer soon returned, nowever, and was more violent than before. Wo t were advised to try S. S. S. The sec ' ond bottle made an improvement; after twenty bottles had been taken ihe Cancer disappeared entirely, and he was cured permanently." gfbr QiefeafliSffl I I IK (Swift's Specific) is the only remedy that can reach Cancer. tliA mnQt donrlW 0 all diseases. .Books on Cancer and Blood Diseases mailed free by Swift Specific Company Atlanta, Ga. If you haven't a regular, healthy movement of tho bowels every day, you're sick, or will be. Keep your bowels open, and be well. Force, In the strape er violent physic or pill poison, is dangerous. The smoothest, easiest, most perfect way of keeping the bowels clear and clean Is to take Pleasant, Palatable. Potent. Taste Good. Do Good, Never Sicken. Weaken, or Gripe. 10c, SOc Write for free sample, and booklet on health. Address lUrllnj Rraedy Company, Chlttjo, Xontrtsl, 5nr York. 3B3s KEEP YOUR BLOOD CLEAR NO PAIN! NO GAS l No cliarjre for painless extraction when teeth are ordered. All work done by graduate dentists of 12 to 20 years' experience; a specialist in each department- We will tell you in advance exactly what your work will cost by a free examination. Give us a calf, and you will find we do exactly as we advertise. Set of Teeth 95.OO Gold Filling $1.00 Gold Crovrn JJ5.00 Silver Filling 50 New York Dental Parlors PORTLAND OFFICE H. E. Cor. Fourth and Morrison Sts. San Francisco Office, 722 Market ot second floor History building-. Hours 8 to S, Sundays, 10 to 4. GRATEFUL COMPORTING Distinguished Everywhere) For Delicacy of Flavor. Superiority In Quality. Grateful and Comforting to the Nervous or Dyspeptic. Nutritive Qualities Unrivalled. Your Grocer and Storekeeper Sell It. (n Half-Poaad Has only. Freparcd by JAMES EPP5 & CO., Lti Koraocopathic Chcralsts. lonJos, England. BREAKFAST SUPPER Pacific Coast Agents. SherwioJ & Shcrworf REYNOLD'S pesstie Few persoss seed Via nAnfiluwl Vutr fMaArv DliHitMnaliM If Slam fhd rtpT ttXUUtaCtl of the paroxysm they fve recowrse to tms rem edy: thou, a single doe la nhn sufficient. . FOUKRA X CO.. 30.30 .Y. William St,,af.Y. fvm W IStiBKV I ti'hifrifliJ? SL"1" urri tr .i- UOISUO Blood ffrSSS CANDY if nZJ!s CATHARTIC - w TRADE MARK ftSOISTSPEO fMnns THE PALATIAL BOH BUILB1 Xet s dark efflce la the nHiiln Bbxelatelr fireproof; electrte liKh aad artcslaa water; perfect astalts tlaa autt t3ireish ventllatlea. Jb -raters raa day aad atgrht. lvOO.-B AJTDES30X. OOSTAT. Attsrftey.at-Law C3 ASSOCIATBD PMBB; B. U Powell. Mat BAMXJtRS- LIFS ASSOCIATION, of Ktes. la.; C. A. MtCMtw. State Agent. BBHNXB. H. W.. Pita. Pernta Shorthand School BENJAMIN. R. W.. Detttet ., .. 321 BrN'SWANOER. DR. O. S.. Pnys. A Sur 411 i BRUERB. DR. G. B.. PbysetaB 413-4.J-; BUSTKBD. RICHARD, Arfnt Wilson & Mv CaHay Tobacco Co Cv- CAUK1X. G. X.. District Agent Trate.ers Insurance Co...... .,, CARDWKli. DR. J. B CLARK. HAROLD, DmMlst ,.,.. 3'J CLEM, B. A. i CO.. Mining Properties BlS-Slj WLUJUm TXLEPHO.NB COMPANY M-MS-M-e07 Gl3-et-A3 CORNEUVS. C W.. Pfcya. 4 Surgeon. COVER. F. C. CasMer KMitaM Life COLLIER, p. F.. PttoMsfeer: S. P. McGmre. Manager ...... 4iS-S DAY. J. G & I. X 3jj DAVIS. NAPOLEON, Prs!4M Columbia, Telephone Ce DICKSON. DR. J. F.. PhysWtaa.... . . 711 DRAKE. DR. K B. Pfcystotaa 512 33 DUNHAM. MRS. OEO. A iJWXJEK. JAS. F. Tobftf-ces , iJ EDITORIAL ROOMS Elghtd flo EQIIITABLE LIF2 A5SURANCK SOCIETY L. Samvei. Manager, F. C. Cover Cash er EVENING TELEGRAM 323 A.der am FENTOX. J. D.. Physctan and Surgeon. 309 3 FENTON. DR. HICKS C. By and Ear FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist .... SO FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASS'X. E. C Stark, Manager FRENCH SCHOOL (y eeftversatkm) . Dr. A. MuzsarellL. Manager GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and. Draughts man .. GEARY, DR. BDWARD P., Physician and Surgeon GIESY. A. J. Phystetan aad Surgeon .. Too 7.8 GODDARD. E. C & CO.. Footwear, ground "or ;28 ami if GOLDMN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhat aa Life Insurance Co.. rf New York . . .209 211 GRANT, FRANK S. Attomey-at-law CI GRENIBR. MISS BBATRICB. Dentist. . "Oli Hammam Baths, Kins Compton, Prrs HAMMOND. A. B Hi HEIDINGBR. GEO. A. 4 CO. Pianos and Organs 131 S x - B HOLLISTSK. DR. O. C. Fhys. & Surg 504! IDLEMAN. C M., Attomey-at-Law 41G-T ll KADY MARK T.. Manager Pacific Nor west Mutual Reserve Fund Life Asso 604-GOJ LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen eral Manager coramwa Teiostoooe Co . 601 LrrnJCFISLD, H. R Pays, and Surgeon 2oi MACKUM, W. S.. See. OcegoB Camera Club 21 MACKAT, DK. A. X.. Phys. and Surg. . 711 Til MAXWELL. DR. W. B.. Phys. A Surg T31 McCARGAR. C A.. State Agent Bankers' i.ne Association B02-30S McCOY, NEWTON. Attoraey-at-Law .... -J Mct'ADta. miss ida x.. Stenographer 209 McGINN. HENRY E.. AHoraey-at-Law 311 31 McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers Rapresenta "ve 3o MILLER. DR. HERBERT C.. Dentist and Oral Surgeon flcs-fl MOSPMAN. DR. E. P.r Dentist... 812-513 Sl-I MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO of New York. W. GoMnan. Manager 20 2ld McELROY. DR. J. C. Phys. Surg 701 702 ro McFARLAND. E. B., Secretary Columbia Telephone Co...... c McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. rnl'.l.. Publisher 415-4'j McKIM. MAURICB. Attorneyat-Law. MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO . of New York. wra. S. Pond, State Mgr . .404-402 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N M. T. Kady. Mgr. Pacl Northwest.. NICHOLAS, HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law 73 NILES. M. L.. Cashier Manhattan Life In surance Co.. of New York. OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATirY Dr. I. B. Smith. Osteopath 40S-4 OREGON CAMERA CLUB .... 214-213-21 V21 i PERNIN SHORTHAND SCHOOL; H. "W Bebnke. Prte ....... 3tlj POND. WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life ins. co. of New York 404-40 PORTLAND EYB AND EAR INFIRMARY ..- ....Ground floor. 133 Sixth streH PORTLAND PRESS CLUB .. 71 PROTZMAN EUGENE C. Super'ntendent Agencies Mutual Reserve Fund Life, of New York PUTNAM'S SONS, J3. .E,, -Publishers 318 QUIMBY. L. P. TW.. 6Wm and Forestry warden . 71fl-Tn HEED & MALCOLM, Ooitctens 133 Sixth street! REED. F C. Fli Commissioner RYAN, J. B., Attor&ey-at-law ... 417 bALI?BURY GEO N . Section Director, V a. weatner Bureau . 915 samuhi l. Manager Xttiltabl Life 3o SANDFORD. A. C CO Publishers Agts 313 SCRIBNER'S SONS. CHAJ.. Publishers? Jesse Hobson. Manager STMIS-Sttj SHERWOOD, J. W Deputy Supreme Com mander. K. O. T. M fT SMITH. DR L B Osteopath ... , 408-4091 RONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLTJTTO 500J STARK K. C, Executive Speelal. Fidelity Mutual Lire Association or nana .Pa noil STARR COLE. Pyrouraphy vvjl STKEL. Ow A., Forert Inepeotor . 213 STTTART, PELL. Atorney-at-Law . 818-816 01" RTOLTE DR CHAS E , Dentist .. 704 703 S SURGEON OF THE 3. F. RY. AND N. P TERMINAL, CO TO9 STROWBRIDGE. THOS H.. Executive Spe cial Agent .Mutual law, at jtow York . 404i FUFEKTNTE"TDENTS OFTKE ...... T 1 S TUCKER. DR GEO F. Den.it. , 010 at' U. S. WEATHER BUREAU 906-907 808-9091 U. 8 LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS J3TH DIST.. Captain W. C. Lagfltl Corps of Engineers, u. a. ...... u. s. enuinkek unnes. river and HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W C Langnct. orps h JSflgtoeers. USA. 39 1 WALKER. WILL K.. President Oregoa Camera Chsb M4-213-2' 9-217 WATERMAN. C. H.. OtsMer Mutual Life of New YOrs: 40flS WATKINS Miss S. L., Purchasing Agenry 719 1 WEAiBiRMD, xs. BDTTH. Grand Sec retary native vaugMers 710-"17 WHITE. MISS L. B.. Ast See. Oregon Cam- era tiuo 214 WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phys. Sur 304 3 WIL8W.H, dk. CEO F.. Phys. ft Surir 70 -o- WILSON. DR. HOLT C Pays A Surg 807 09 WILSON ac McCALLAY TOBACCO rn toaru BtstMo. Agent 602 001 WOOB, DR. W. L.. Physician 412-U-ii4 1 WILLAMETTE" VALLEY TBLEPK. CO.. SIS A ferr mere elegant office wiirr be had lx applTlasr to Portland Trust Compaay of Oresrea. 100 Third at- a to the reat clerk fa the baUdta. MX? NO CURB, NO PAY THE . MuuBK APPLIANCE A positivB mv la iMtrfwf nunfiMi .TeryuMay etoe rails. Tna VACUUM TREAT MENT CURES you without medicine of all nervous or diseases of the generative organs. sue as lost ssanhood. exfea-Mtlag drains, var'.o eeie, Imsntency. ate. Men are suiekir restored to perf htcct Health aad stsenetfe. Write, tor circulars. Conespaaaen 'AC mnfW- tiaL THE HEALTH APPLIANCE- CO roots 1.-4A SoS rVuwutr huibMtur. ScatSt. Wuh. its HHp liHi hIIss ! ! ill ' S Sr 4