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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 26, 1900)
fcr.. THE MORNING OREGONIAN, M02D2gr, FEBRUARY 26, 1900. WOMAN AND HER WORK XO CAMTCKMEK F8. SCHOOL DI RBCTfrK. FKtMa" WMAKS CLUB. Defoe ef Oresen Sekeels Palate & n hy Pendleton Wema-i Frank; ' and Able OrltloisBi. Mrs. Juno B. Con-stock and Mrs. Grace "Watt Ross, tbe committee nop Haled by tb Executive Board or the rfem&a's Club to take charge of matters pertaining to tfee possible election of a -woman on tbe Portland School Board, having con ferred with Mrs. C S. Stttea, whose name was recommended am a candidate t the club meeting met F-noay, make tbe fol lowing anoouaoMMBt: Ow ng to prwt miidWIuiMi, the Wom an i i lub oesu-es to state thai It will no. formally prow the bum of Mrs. Charles E. Mfson as the candidate for Srhoo. Director at ihe present time." bile tMs ootolon will be generally re garded as a wise ana, oa account of the 1 mfted time that bow remains before oiec tior the action of the Woman's Club w t ringing the ealtfeet up before the people for dtocassVm oamtet be regarded aa v hoiiy lost. At least It has subserved the u'x-f ul purpose of sounding public optaiea. The response has been gratifying la the extreme. A Tory largo number of pro-air evt and lafluenttal citizens have ex Ircsed themeelwa -warmly la favor of a innovation. All agree that Mrs, Stt- Hi is a -wise selection, and will prove e strong candidate another year. There te aa munlstalcabie oarrent of feel ing on the Pacific Coast that favors glv ng women an active votoe In the manage ment of school affairs. Seattle and Port- liio nave both had -women School Su nt -o-rteude-s--. San Fraacleeo has now a woman School Director. Los Angeles several years ago set xae stamp of her pproval upon the question of Introducing women on the School Board. The little City of San Diego has gone 00 far as to have two women serving upon Its board at one tune. The prtaoipte that underlies tvis movement is a sound one, namely, that since women constitute an over whelming majority of the teaching force 1 the community and their young sisters fu'l one-half of the pupils. It is but just that they should be represented on tbe board that directs their work. ATTsWTTOR, KDDCATOUSI Rural gefceeis Should Be Bettor BqtHimped for Work. The following very frank and aMe paper, dealing with the defects of the Oregon school system, was recently read before the Thursday Afternoon Club, of Pendleton, by Mrs Hailey "This subject, entitled 'Defects of the Public School System of Oregon,' is a -very large one, and, though we taboo excuses in the Thursday Afternoon Club, I sincerely wish It had been assigned to some one more able to handle it care fully and intelligently than I am capable of doing With a realisation of the great amount of information necessary to the proper i t ng forth of this topic, upon stttinc down to preparation of the paper, I felt ike one expecting to gain a knowledge of some one of the modern languages In a weeks course. We are all grateful to possess such a good system as we have, for It Is bevond comparison with what it was in former years Xaoh year a greater num ber of people are realising that each In dividual owes a duty to the State, and that it is the duty of eacL to assist in tnaJtlnspuYH1! schools second to Chat tbers are nose sir Is largely due the foot tmrt no majortty of those rho 4M fcVw to send their children to private schools make no effort Whatever for public educational advancement. They believe m the public school, but show perfect indifference. "Again, why should our young State be expected to have evotoed perfection ' Even Sister Massachusetts gets a little rap occasionally The students of her 1 Agricultural College are said to receive culture minus agriculture. HaBiiieappcd. "The geographical features of Oregon Increase or rather aandioaa. the labor of those who travel in the interest of edu cation These tew pleas may be borne in mind while the defects are being peint v6 out, yet 'criticism Is wholesome aad helpful, if it Is honest and true' I have been Impressed by the fact that there neems to be no provision against families moving into the towns for the sake of education. In consequence the heaviest taxpayers, would be patrons of the City school, have their children ( rowded out because they are not will ing to subject them to the Inefficiency of an overfull school. Why cannot the rural schools receive the same attention, keep open as many months be as well equipped and pay the teachers as well as the City schools? Such a provision would surely benefit tbe many There are families in Pendleton Viho are In a measure sacrificing their country property for the sake of school 1 g their children Ie it not a pity that the election of ' o State Superintendent should be made c political wrangle' While we are fortu rii t? in possessing a competent person for 1vat oJfojLAt tbe present time; yet just c IcngTuY it is a quarrel-provoking af f r there is risk of electing uneducated rm partial to some deep local interest. The training schools were for a long fw all la one section of the country, so ihet many of those who would .have a-1 Mry? thenssBtves of the opportunities tv "r afforded found tryfng obstacles to evmoMnt. H'emom Sutperlntenilentn. There are ftsM who consider the sys tem defective that excludes women from v offices of Ibsto ami County Superin t i-Vrt The snhjTHS fat debatable. Grace Loupe a 111 una nr f the New York City ?ch xM Board, ttsmttt that women's work 1 already sunsetmst to gratify their pride, s ro)KR of whtou the following may be re l't 1 Mnndy,' salt Tmxmc Corntoseel, as he set down a ImoVet of soring water and leaned against the doorpost, 'ain't the Ooddess of LffMCtr & femaler "Course " "Ain t Queen Tleteri a leeVr " "Certainly ' 'Ain't all our -naishspu sheer ' InvarlsMv ' " 'Ain't the statoo of aTxesao Sa the feminine gender" " 'It la WeU. what do you mnnispated wom en want, anyhow-the earth ,an all that therein IsT ' it is gratifying to note that eouh year add to the number of tsehtmi Mhrmrlee started to well-equipped gy-nmwwimc. shops for manual training ami sdenoe laboratorles but we do not learn that much as vet has been accompnohei alonfi these lines While there "s a TstW com polling education. If the law were strict !- enforced there would be some pro vision made for that quite large emss of - 'ii the who from sIcknesE aooMont or some other cause are out of school, drop s few grades behtnd their classes, beoome encouraged and! are unwilling to com- P ete the course mm so remain unedH-1 rsten -met is one reuse of the small attendance !n the Mghei grades. Text-Book eit-testion. The text-book question Is variously discussed and the State course is somn times censured I have heard little com p alnt except In respect to MaxweiTs Higher Ounriar In the school laws (Section l article Hi relating to Super-1- pndeni dutie- it says He shall en f rce thr urtp of study for County school r"ftscrhei hi iaw What aa un ecTfort h, ms s in m be in if the pre s -'bed -- !t rvr wisely ielcted Th- tes ' l i' s -tumbUcg-bJock in -' ways than one I feel great sjrm p t for the Text-hook Commissioners. f hHr task is not a light one I think. ' wrirr they should be chosen from the ranks of those who have had years of experience as practical educators, who can bear In mind the discomforts, Incon veniences and requirements of ungraded rural schools. "There Is so much material to select from! Any housekeeper can understand how much patience. Ingenuity and dis crimination It requires to select from and place a superabundance of furniture and bric-a-brac, and one so surrounded sighs in her fatigue for the peaceful, old-fashioned sitting-room of her grandmother The same Is applicable to the assortment of the huge supply of text-books and ether sohool materia!. In Idaho and other places the State supplies the books. The advisability of this Is open for discussion. "The chief defect of the Institute work, so far as I am able of judging, Is the crowded programme. An instructor is no more than fairly down to his sub jeot than time Is called and a new per son and subject introduced It reminds me of the complaint a little boy made who had been subjected to the ordeal ol being a 'nice little man through a din ner of 10 courses. In a most pathetic tone he said: I never got half enough ol anything I lilted, had to be good while a lot of stuff was passed around that 1 didn't like, and I'm all tired out Oregon History. "Last year, for the first time, we cele brated Oregon day to commemorate the admission Into the Union, February 14. 1859. but it has been suggested that such dates as May 11 (1792), discovery of the Columbia, and other noted events, might be kept, and, so far from detracting from the regular school work, they would arouse proper pride and patriotism. Yes, Oregonians are the people who should re mind our English cousins every year of the treaty between the United States and Great Britain by which Americans were given the sole right to territory south of the 4Bth parallel. Let the youngsters shout It at them 'lest they forget. Every portion of the State has Interesting historical sites. Possibly It may not be generally known to those who resort to Bingham Springs each summer that It Is authoritatively said to be the identical spot where Lewis and Clark partooTc of their memorable feast of dogs with the Indians If facts such as these were kept before the public schools, these his torical spots would receive some badge of distinction or fitting memorial. "The Native Sons and Daughters are collecting and worthily the old letters, relics and all else obtainable that record early pioneer days. "These things should belong to the dis trict school libraries of the -various lo calities. Should Be n Limit. "It Is a defective system that does not regulate the maximum number of pupils for each teacher to handle, according to the requirements of the grade. "It foretells a bright future for our schools when those whose ideas are most enlightened offer themselves as co-workers with the toilers. Although I was never within the walls of a public school until I entered one as a teacher, while possessing great respect for the many excellent private Institutions of learning, I am glad to have my children attend the State school, with all its defects. "Fellow olubwomen, let us believe that we can help to eradicate these defects Dryden says, 'For they conquer who be lieve they can.' " In n Hot Place. "Yes," sighed the widow, "when poor John wuz a-livln he alius lit the fire here, an' I makes no doubts that. Jest from force o' habit, he's a-lightln of it there!" SCIENCE AND BONBONS. Olubvromcn Discuss Bacteriology and Eat Dainty Confections. Dr. Mae H. Cardwell, of the Home De partment in the Portland Woman's Club, sends In the following interesting account of last Tuesday's meeting: "The Dflpartmont of Household Eco nomics of the Woman's Club combined pleasure with profit at their meeting last Tuesday at the home of Mrs. John Mc Roberts, 189 Sixteenth street The mem bers were In full attendance, and at the close of study hour the social feature of home life was presented by the efficient hostess, who served light refreshments. While the ladles partook of the dainty confections, questions of culinary art were Informally discussed, the little epi sode making a pretty demonstration of the object to which the department is de voted. "The study topic for the day was 'Bac teriology.' Mrs. Rolph Miller spoke on 'Germs In Disease.' 'Market Reports' was given by Mrs. Norris R. Cox, and 'Current Events', by Dr. Thompson. Dis cussion on all the topics was general and enthusiastic, showing conclusively the interest which a growing knowledge of the science of homemaklng carries with It "The application of science to affairs of the home is in direct line with the so called higher education of women, and is a result which naturally follows the free play given to female brain power when guided to higher and broader planes of thought by scientific education. "The study of modern household eco nomics originated, not with women whose lives had been spent In the kitchen, but with college graduates, whose broader sphere of life gave them opportunity to discern the principles of law and forces applicable alike to the use of men and women: and their scientific training has been devoted to establishing a recogni tion of these principles In the home. "Men were the first to discover that science brought Into the domain of labor would lessen Its burdens and add pleas ure and profit; thus the Agricultural Col lege was organized, that men might. through ohemistry, have a knowledge of their fields and dairies; through botany of their grains and trees, and through all the studies of the laws of nature the labor of the farm be made a dignified. learned calling, with a remunerative in come. "Then came the manual training school Men discovered that it is not enough to study manualilobor methods after matur ity, so the boy Is early put into training for his life work, that his manual and mental execution may develop together and fit him for the fullness of his mature years. "Recognizing the value of these insti tutions, and following them closely, college-bred women saw their opportunity, and shortly, through their Influence, de partments of domestic science appeared in connection with the Agricultural Col leges, where women could receive spe cial training: and its importance has been, so fully grasped by progressive women that the manual training schools, as we have recently perceived indications In our own Cltv. will not be limited to the Instruction of bovs. "In some Eastern cities domestic science is taught in the public schools, and it requires no verv keen osrceptlon to pre dict with confidence the advent in the near future of its teaching In all public schools. "Much remains, "however, to be accom plished, and If women desire to keep pace intellectually and racially with their hus bands, they cannot neglect this most nec essary part of their education. "MAE H. CARDWELL." Old Proverbs About "Women. Woman should leave her home but three times when she is christened, when see is married and when she js buried. The woman, the cat and the ohlrnaey should never leave the house. A man of straw Is worth a woman of gold. Man, woman and the devil are th& three degrees of comparison. A woman, a spaniel and a walnut tree the more you heat 'em, the better they be. VACCEfATTON DISCCSSKD. FrefrroKlvc Spirit of the Silverton ClabvroxBCH. Silverton clubwomen continue to give their attention to practical, timely sub jects of vital lmportaaoe to the welfare of the community, as the following let ter will show 1 "Our Woman's Social Science Club, of Silverton, Is still holding Its weekly meet ings. We are discussing scientific sub jects, such as 'Heredity and 'Vaccina tion.' "Feur of the Silverton women were in Salem February 15 for the kisan B. An thony banquet, given to celebrate her 80th birthday. Mrs. Dr. Cartwright was the presiding officer. About 70 of the Salem women were present It was a very brilliant occasion. The dining-room dl the Wlllairatte was beautifully decorated with plants from the conservatory of the hotel A young ladies' orchestra gave the musical programme. "The president of the Silverton Social Science Club has had some correspond ence with Mrs. Sarah A. Evans on the free library question.' "We hope, through the Influence of the Woman's Clubs, that something practical may be accom plished, so that those who wish to read may be able to obtain books, either through town, school or traveling libra ries. EMILY L. WAKBMAN." WHEX DIMVEB-TIME COMES. Novel Mode of Locomotion Practiced J at Cables Home. It Is the funniest thing in the world to see the small 2-year-olds at the Babies' Home, on the Bast Side, go down to din ner when hungry time comes at 12 o'clock every day. It all happens in the twin kling of an eye, and you cannot, for the life of you, tell how It is done. You can only catch your breath and wonder If somebody hadn't better run for the doctor. 1 ' . 1 1 " ' 1 uva rjSS' wv.,uft ray 0 nrvr"-" iz&swmm fire mmSmlw mvr 1 Tilt jrSNIJsTv liluitfWw cl 1 JfPinlll 7 BREAD AND MILK AT As soon as the gate at the head of the j stains is opened, there is a sudden scram- I ble, a rustle of clean starched clothes, a soft undertone of baby grunts, a half-seen, horrifying vision of chubby, tumbling bodies bare knees, dimpled elbows, curly brown heads and curlj yellow heads all mixed up together in Inextricable confu- I sion and the next Instant the babies are all downstairs, alive, right side up, and as smiling as a May morning, without any broken bones or dislocated Joints or baU tered ribs. Their dimples are all in the right place. They are not Irreparably tan gled up, nor have they exchanged arms or legs In transit You cart hardly refrain from clapping your hands hy way of encore, so as to have ' them do it all over again. Some day, per- 1 haps, an enterprising ohotographer will . make an instantaneous photograph of them midway on the stairs, just as has been ur. whitman was an nonest, earnest, done with horses In a race, and then It will determined man. probably a gpod physi be discovered that they make the journey clan and a devout Christian; hut a rigid very much after the style of a gasteropod, ( sectarian, and lacked broadness, liberality viz: on their stomachs; but even at tills and toleration of other sects, and espe early age they show the superiority of the , daily the Catholics, of whom he" seemed genus-homo by traveling at a much higher j to have a constant far and dread. He rate of soeed than most gasteropods. They was an earnest laborer in a cause that really don't go down head foremost as at first sight they appear to be doing; nor do they slide down; but make a skillful and Ingenious use of their arms and legs in a new sort of locomotion which they have invented for themselves, and which reflects great credit upon the genius of Portland babyhood. And ono girl baby, with black, kinky hair, brown skirt and wide-open wondering eyes, who has, not yet acquired the art of going downstairs en gasteropod, descends by means of pulleys In a small private ele vator, and Is the proudest baby In the world in consequence. Once downstairs, it is hut a step to the dining-room, and there the nicest, freshest sort of bread and milk and jam await them" It does not take 15 minutes to make them tho rosiest happiest of crowing 2-year-olds that were ever known In four kingdoms. The Rovr Elisabeth Mnde. A little girl, sent upstairs to bed, had been calling down to her mother to bring up Elizabeth, her favorite doll. As the child had been previously supplied with another object to take to bed, the mother would not let her have the doll; but still the little girl called out: "Please bring up Elizabeth!" "If you call again, or If you cry," said the mother, sternly, "I shall certainly come up and whip you!" There was no calling for a few moments. Going: Down to Dinner at tlie Babies Home. but the mother heard, and pretended not to hear, some low sobbing. Then presently there came a plaintive cry: "Ma-a-mal" "What is it?" "When you come up to wh-wh-wh!p me, won't you bring Elizabeth?" Then there was a wild, long, broken hearted wall and the child got Elizabeth without the whipping that , time. Boston Transcript Origin of the Boat. Washington Post Only lately has the original boat been found in use, and it is among the savages of the South Sea Islands. There the na tives take the stump of a tree, whose roots offer a good seat end launching this prim itive craft, they paddle around as con tentedly as if there was no such thing as a European steamer, and. to tell the truth, they do not suspect Its existence. There can be no doubt whatever that in this stump boat we have the only original method of transportation by water. Accident certaiply contributed to this discovery. A tired swimming savage found a log floating near him, he grasped It and to his joy found that it held him above the water. He mounted his log and used a floating branch to propel the log. It was but a step from a log to the more comfortable root of a tree, and an other step from the branch propelled to a shaped paddle. We little think how much we owe to the savage for preserving these traces of primitive development, and there by helping us to trace out the long line of human progress. r 1 ftjll OREGON'S EARLY HISTORY ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS ABOUT DR. MARCUS TVHTTMAjr. The Object of His Joarncyla 184243 Testimony From Various Source. PORTLAND, Feb. 24. (To the Editor.) It is lamentably true that much error creeps into history. Each generation makes history, and it Is the duty of every Individual to use his best effort to cor rect mistakes, confute error and misrep resentations and see that nothing but ab solute truth goes Into the history of his age. Much unreasonable stuff has been said and written about the winter ride of Dr. Marcus Whitman, his rush to Washing ton City, how he reached there just In time to rescue Oregon from, the greedy maw of Great Britain, and, after having accomplished that, wheeled about and sped to the Western frontier, and with almost lightning rapidity assembled frsm many States an emigration of 1000 people, fully prepared with teams, wagons, sup plies and all the equipments for that long and clangorous journey across the plains, In about 1"6 months; how he then tri- THE BABIES' HOME. umphantly marched them safely across plains and mountains and securely landed tnem in uregon. xi ur. wnitman am an that In so short a time, he was more than a hero. If one man could do it in a life time, he would be entitled to the rank of hero. If he did all hat isJ accredited to him, he certainly displayed .more wis- dom, tact and diplomacy in that business than he used in his attempt to civilize, Christianize and manage the Cayuse In dians. Now, I am much Inclined to believe that too much is claimed for Dr. Whitman by his admiring friends. That they have in their books, writings and' speeches gravely distorted the truth and mlsrep- resented facts, and have accredited him with the accomplishment of things that ho never did, never claimed to do, and never thought of doing. he was not well fitted to fill. He had not the skill and ability to manage and han dle the Western savage, as the final re sults of his labors show. Whitmnn's Anxiety About His Mission Dr. Whitman's admirers claim that he made the hazardous ride in the fall and winter of 1842 and 1843 "to save Oregon." But from the writings of both Dr. and Mrs. Whitman I find that such is un true. For more than a year previous to that ride they had manifested great con cern and anxiety about the security or continuation by the board of their mis sion. In a letter to her parents from Waill-at-pu, O. T., October 6, 1841, Mrs. Whitman says: "Mr. Rogers has left the service of the mission and gone to settle on the Willamette. The state of this mission Is somewhat known in the Islands (Sandwich), or rather U has been, which Is probably the reason why our brethren who were sent to us declined to come on. The remainder of this let ter is concerning the fate of this mission, which we hope will be kept In your own bosoms, at least until you hear from us again. We are in deep trials, and would bo glad to have our parents know them- if we could, but we dare not trust our own language to our friends at least that is the way I feel but I will copy part of husband's letter to Mr. Green (Mr. Groen was the secretary of the American Board of Foreign Missions) "as follows: It is a great evil to this mislson that the reinforcement promulgated their determi nation not to come on here from the Islands until they heard- from "the board," or this mission, as shown in this country, by the scientific corps of the "Peacocks." They arriyed In the Islands in June last, and were designated to their several fields of labor, the same as. those who belonged to tha mission.' " He goes on to show that It was thought they could do more to the cati.se In the Island, where there was so great a field of labor yet unfilled, and! thaf they could do more good there because they could spend their whole time in the cause, while In thli country it took bo great a por tion of their time to make their own liv ing, and therefore it was not profitable to "the board" to cause them to come here. In concluding his letter he said: "You well know best what course to take In this case, to which wewill most cheerfully submit In the meantime, be lieve yours, e"tc. M. W." The Doctor does not in this letter reveal the entire cause of their anxiety. Mr. -Whitman's letter continues: "Again would I ask that this might not be circulated. It may do injury. We hope this thing will bo settled, and will not exist to be written about very long. What is before us we know not nor how long we shall be per mitted to remain amonfr them (the In dians.) The missionary work is .hard up hill work, even the best of it There are no flowery beds of ease herth Narclssa Whitman." From the tenor of? their let ters it is evident there was great dissat isfaction in "the board" with? the man agement and success of tho Oregon mis sion 6s far back as October, -1841, which gave them much concern. Some time In the fall of 1842 Dr. Whit man received a letter from, the board, which speedily determined him to go to Boston. Mrs. Whitman wrltesi Walll-at-pu, kpt 29. 1&42. My Dear Jane and "Edward: I sli down tb write you, but in Kreat haste. My beloved husband has about ccncludd to start next Monday it go to the United States, the dear land of our birth; but I remain behind. He hopes to reach the west ern border in less than three months, if the Lord prospers his way. It Is a dreadful Jour ney especially at this season of the year. If you are atill in Qulncy. III., you may not eee him until his return, as his business requires great haste. He wlaheo to reach, Boston n& early as possible, so as to make arrangements to return next summer, if prospered. The in terest of the missionary cause in this country calls him home. P. S. I forgot to epeai of husband's company la travel. He is Mr. A. I. Lovejoy. a lawyer. -Uo came from the States this summer, and now Is willing to re turn for the good he may do in returning. Ee will probably come back again.. He la not a Christian, but appears to be an intelligent man. N -VVHrrMAI". In a letter to her parents, written the next day, she says' Walil-at pu, Sept 30. 1812. My Beloved Par ents Tou will be surprised if this letter reaches you, to learn that the beater is my dear 1 1 ' W ' husbant Ho goes upon important business connected with the missionary cause, the cause of fchrist ,n this land, which I will leave tot him to explain when you see hire. He has but yesterday .fully made up his mind to go, and he wishes to start Monday, and this is Fri day. I cheerfully consent to remain, that the object of his almost Immediate presence in the land of our birth might if possible, be accom plished. He wishes to oross the naouatatoa during this month, I mean October, and reach St Louis about the 1st of December, if he Is not detained by cold or hostile Indians. He has for a companion Mr. Lovejoy, a respectable. Intelligent man, and a lawyer, but not a Chris tian, wh 1 expects to accompany him all the way to Boston, as his friends are la that region. He goes with the advice and; entire confidence of his brethren in the mission, who value him, not only as an associate, but as their physician, and feci as much as I do that they know not how to spare utm; but the Interest of the. cause demands the sacrifice on our part, and oould you know all the circumstances In the case, ycu would see more clearly how much our hearts are identified in the salvation of the Indians ard in the interest of tho cause gener ally in this country. X. "W. One William Barrows, who claims to be a writer of Oregon history, in hla book, "Oregon; The Struggle for Pos session," says: The story that opens here has not its superior in Amenear history for high purpose, daring, romance and grand results. In October, 1&42, when the Oregon mission of the American Board was holding a business session at Watll-at-pu, and while attending to affairs. Dr. "Whitman was called to visit a patient at Fort Walla "Walla, the English trading post 25 miles away. The company at the fort were in excellent spirits at the arrival of 15 batteaux loaded with Indian goods, and bound up stream to the Frazer River region. A score of chief factors had them in charge, and these, with the traders and clerks, made a Jolly addition to the fort's ordinary occupants. The spirits of the company o unexpectedly gathered ran high, and it did seem to the doctor as if the English already had Oregon in possession. "While the Interested dinner party were deep in their wildwood convivialities, a messenger arrived express down the river, announcing that a colony of 140 or more from Canada had succeeded in crossing the mountains, and were near to I"ort Colville. The welcome news sent a thrill of joy along the tables, and car ried the excitement of the hour to a climax. Congratulations passed from man to man. A young priest more ardent than wise, sprang to his feet, and, with a twirl of his cup and a shout, exclaimed: "Hurrah for Oregon, Ameri ca is too late and wo have got the country." As by Instinct Dr. Whitman seized the facta announced, and measured it full import He nxed his purpose, laid his plans, excused a hasty departure, and in two hours his cayuse pony, white with foam, stood before the mis sion door at "Waail-at-pu. This great historian then makes the Doctor announce to his friends his sud den determination to go immediately to Washington City to "save Oregon." His friends all remonstrated, his wife cried, but after hours of argument and per suasion this profound historian makes his friends consent to his sudden and unex pected movement He then proceeds: Now the preparations were hastened for the departure, and in 24 hours after the enthusi astic scenes at the dinner table at Fort Walla Walla, and the rash assertion of the ardent priest Dr. Whitman was in the saddle and headed for Washington. Now, this whole story is fiction the most of it positively untrue. Yet be con sumes 18 pages of his book In exploiting the silly fabrication. Aside from its being untrue, It is pitiably stupid. In the first place, there was no meeting of "the Board of Missions'' at Walil-at-pu at that time, and it is almost certain that Dr. Whit man did not go to Fort Walla Walla on that day, because it was Sunday, and ha had been preparing to start to Boston since Thursday, September 29, and had he "been called," would doubtless have declined a ride of 50 miles on horseback, when he was all ready, and expected to and did start, the next day, Monday, Oc tober 3, on a 2000-mile horseback ride. Fifteen batteaux, with "a score of chief factors," etc., did not arrive that day, "bound up stream to the Frazer River region," because that was impossible, as the Frazer is hundreds of -piles north, and, empties into the Gulf of Georgia, and Is separated from the Columbia River by Impassable mountains. Dr. Whitman did not make up his mind at the dinner table at Fort Walla Walla to start East on Monday, because he had made it up on Thursday before. The manager at Fort Walla Walla at that time was Mr. McKinley, a strict Scotch Presbyterian, and such do not give "convivial dinners and entertain a score of chief factors," ardent and unwise Catholic priests, on the Sabbath day. And there is no cor roborative testimony to show that '14? or more people from Canada," or any number, arrived at Colville at or near that time. So much for this piece of fic tion and the 18 pages of bombast. There ta not a word in any of her letters to show that Dr. Whitman went for any purpose other than in the Interest of his mission and the missionary cause in gen eral In" this country, which interest was his interest, because dt was through thi9 Interest entirely that he earned) his living and maintained his home. They were human, and had to eat to Mve. Hence their extreme anxiety and concern. General nnd Sirs. A. L. Lovejoy. In a recent conversation with Mrs; Elizabeth Lovejoy, wife of tho lata Gen eral A. L. Lovejoy, she 6id: Mr. Lovejoy had but recently reached the neighborhood of Dr. Whitman, and was en camped within three miles of his place, in company with Dr Elijah White and others who had Just crossed the plains, and were on their way to the Willamette Valley. Dr. Whit man sent a messenger to Mr. Lovejoy, request ing him to call at his place. Dr. Whitman Informed Mr. Lovejoy that he had received a letter from "the board," expressing dissatis faction with his mission; that It was making bo little progress that the board had about decided to discontinue it He said he was much worried about it, as he had been there so long, had worked so hard, and was so deeply interested in the work that it would be very hard for him to give it up; that he knew that Mr. Lovejoy had Influential relatives who were connected with the Board, and that he most earnestly wished him to go to Boston with him to use bis lnfluonce with the Board to have his mission continued. Mr. Lovejoy said that he was a young man. Just starting in life; that he had not means to spare for enich a trip, and would rather go on to his destination; but Dr. Whitman still urged him, saying that it should not cost him anything, that he had a letter of credit, that would get him all the money he needed. So finally Mr. Lovejoy con snted to go upon thoso conditions. They left Waill-at-pu on the 3d of October, 1&12. and made quick time to Fort Hall, when the doctor turned south and went away down into the Spanish country. They had a fearful time, came near freezing and starving to death. When they were within a few days' travel of Bent's Fort, on. the headwaters of the Arkansas River, they met some one, who Informed thorn that a pack train was about ready to start to St Louis. Dr. Whitman Immediately made up his mind to take the strongest animal and proceed on, and If possible Join the pack train, and leave Mr. Lovejoy to take care of himself and the broken-down animals. Mr. LoeJoy reminded the doctor of their agreement, and objected to being left in that manner; but the doctor eald it was then so late, near the 1st of January, that it was oa Important for him. to be In Boston by a given times, and, besides, he did not feel authorized to saddle such an ex pense upon tne iwanr. wnea jar. .MJvejey finally reached Fort Bent about the 4th of January, he found that Dr. Whitman was not there, and had not been heard from. The pack train had Just left the fort, and was at least 10 miles away Mr. lovejoy explained to Captain Sevier, the manager of the fort the importance of the doctor's business, where .upon the Captain dispatched a messenger to stop and detain the train until the doctor could reach It. Knowing Dr. Whitman must be lost Mr. Lovejoy and others from tbe fort took fresh horses and set out to hunt for hlro. After two days' search they returned without him' but the doctor earn In soon after their arrival, worn out, nearly, starved and half crazed by the hardship and excitement ef being so long lost. Dr Whitman left Fort Bent on the 7th day of January, 1S13. Mr. Lovejoy remained at Fort Bent, and early next spring made his way to Fort Larimer, where be joined tbe immigration and came on to Oregon with them. Governor D P. Thompson funuehes me with, tho following statement which con firms the statements of Mrs. Whitman and Mrs. Lovejoy as to the real object of Dr Whitman's winter ride Portland, Or, Feb 6, 1900 -Hon P W Gil- lette. Dear Sir: From early in the 'Sea until 1S&", I waa much la esmpany with General A. Lb Lovejey. of Oregon City. I have very often heard bun relate the inesieata of the trip made is tke fall and winler of IS aa4 IS fra the Whitman Missies to Seat's Fort, on the headwaters of the Arkaaeas River, in company with Dr. Marcus WJiHrnsw T"a emigration of the fall ef 1&12, seaeed fey Dr. Elijah White. aa with whom Mr. Lovejey also came, brought letters to the Oregon peapfe, among whtob. were letters for Dr. Whitman, in forming hha of the Intention of the American Board ef Foreign Mlasioas, of Boston, to dis continue the missions in "the Oragoa oowatry." When Dr. "Whitman read these tetters, set witfeatandiBg the TateBess ef the season, he at once deeMed: to go East and. prevent it if possible. In aa interview with Dr. White and Mr Levejey. they tried to dissuade the deoter i from so hazardous a trip, hut to bo purpose. He was determine. Mr. Lovejey. who at that time was a strong young man. and eared nttfc where he west so there was a field of adven ture, was not bard to persuade to aeeoraeaay the doctor. Dr Whitman was anxious to have Mr. Lovejoy go, as. he waa from. Boston, wsa related to some of the leading "amines there la the mission work, and his influenee through them might be a great help to secure the con tinuation of the Oregon missions. So it was decided to go at once. They had the com pany of some mountain men aa far aa Fort Hall, which place they esoa reached. Captaia Grant manager of the Hedsoa's Bay Company at Fort Hall, tried to persuade mem to abaa don tho Journey, on account of the lateness of the season and the danger from the hostile Sioux and other Indians, hut to bo purpose. They started south and west down through the Spanish country, and after much hardship and many narrow escapes reached Beat's Fort Their horses were so worn out mat Dr. Whit man thought it best to go on with a pack train Just starting to St Louis, and leave Mr. Love Joy there. I have often heard General Lovejey speak of Dr. "Whitman as being a, man of most indomitable wilt, and no discouragement could change him when once his mind was made. for the aeeompllshment of a purpose. He was de termined to save the Oregon mission from be ing discontinued, and he did it, but afterward lost hla life at what he regarded as hie pest of duty. D. P. THOMPSON. P. S. I have many time heard General Lovejoy say that all of those statements claim ing that Dr. Whitman made that winter ride to "save Oregon" waa nonsense mere benh, and wholly untrue. He said that during their long ride the doctor often conversed freely with him on the objeot of his visit, and always indicated that he waa going in the Interest of his mission, and to try to persuade the hoard to keep up and maintain the Oregon missions. He said Dr. Whitman thought the board did not understand and appreciate the importance of those missions. D. F. T. Hence, we see the statements of both Mrs. Lovetfoy and Governor Thompson confirm those of Mrs. Whitman, in her letjtex-, and prove thatho Oregon missions were the cause of bis journey, and that Boston, not Washington, was his destina tion. But how did he save Oregon, as those wonderful historians allege, after ho went to Washington? S imply1 he did not, because it was already saved, and had been since the Lewis audi Clark expedition. There waa nothing left that" be could; do. The Ashtourton-Wobeter treaty "bad been signed In August, 1842, before Dr. Whitman left Walil-at-pu. His main ambition was to convince the heads of departments that he had discovered a practical wagon- road to Oregon, and the only practical route. And he was anxious and believed It the duty of tho Government to assist emi grants In some manner in their journeying to Oregon; and promised to, and did, send to the Secretary of War, after his re turn to Oregon, the draft of a Wll for that purpose. His bill proposed the es- tabllsbment of fa-rminc- rxwta ahnnt xt males apart, along his wagon road, of wnich he was very proud. Ait each of these poftts waa to be a "Com-nlssioner," who should keep a blacksmlthw$hop, a gun- arm th, and a carpenter-shop; and who should farm &40 acres of land; who should keep on band a supply of food, feed, etc., and this Commissioner should act as "Postmaster," In forwarding letters, etc; should also bo a sub-Indian, agent with certain other powers. The bill was wholly impraoticable, and never received any at tention by congress. So Dr. Whitman did nothing, could not do anything, and thero was nothing In behalf of Oregon that ho could do there. The Great Migration of 1843. Dr. Whitman did not reach St Louis on bis return until the very last of March, 1843. How could he then, as those alleged historians aver, in ono and a half months assemble from many surrounding States an emigrajtlon of 1000 people, an fully equipped and prepared for so long- and hazardous a Journey' He did not such a thing was impossible. At that tkne. almost nothing was known, of the require ments of such a trip. When I crossed tbe plains, nine ytears later, but few peoplo had any knowledge of the needs, and how to prepare for It At that late day, few families ever took less than one year to prepare for the trip. Had those famous historians consulted Dr. Whitman he could have told them what and who started that eml-jratlon, Ir bis letter to the Secretary of War. Dr. Whitman said: "To the Hon. James M. Porter, Secre tary of War lr: The emigrants are from different States. The majority of them ant farmers, lured by the prospect of bounty1 in "ands, by the reported fertil ity of the soils." There is the whole thing In a nutsfcell. It was the Lmn bill, which had been in troduced Into tbe United States Senate in 1842, and which later became the "dona tion law," proposing to give to each fam ily 640 acres of prime Oregon land, and to each single man 380 acres. This bill of Senator Linn, backed by the old Sena torial warhorse, Thomas Hart Benton, Oregon's staunchest truest friend, is what aroused the patriotism in the American heart, and made it rush to grasp the tempt ing offer. Dr. Whitman bad tbe sense to see and the. honesty to tell the true cause of that emigration. I remember well tho excitement produced by the Linn bill. It set "Kindreds of thousands of people to thinking and studying about Oregon. This excitement extended throughout the United States, but was more partlcuJanly felt In the West and Southwest It sent tens of thousands of people to Oregon, and, next to the discovery1 of gold In Califor nia, attracted more general attention than anything of the sort ta this country. Sen ator Linn had the ievelest head of all of them, and knew best how to create patriots "to save Oregon." It gave me the Oregon. fever, though I was only past the middle of my teens. All of the noneense about tho United States Government being ready, willing and about to trade off this Western Empire to Bogta-id" for a few uncaugbt mackerel off Newfoundland, Is too absurd for a moment's thought Dr. Whitman did not, reach St Louis until late in tho spring on bis return from the East In a letter from Swanee Mission, May 23, 1S43, he says: "Dear Brother You will be surprised to learn that I am here yet I have been, ao It were, waiting for three weeks. When I got to St Loute, I found I bad tkne, and so I went to Quincy", IIL, and saw Sister Jane, bub Edward was not there. ... I had a fine journey all the way, and have been here nearly two weeks, and shall start tomorrow- or next day. . . . The number of emigrants -well bo over 200 men, besides women and children." In a letter from the same place, dated May 27, 1848, Dr. Whitman wrote: "Dear Brother: ... I cannot tell you very touch about the emigrants to Oregon. ... I have so doubt they are generally of an esterprisBg character. . . . I shall have an easy journey, am I -have not much to do, having no one de pending on me." So it seems from Dr. Whitman's own statements that he was doing nothing while on, the "border" except visiting ble friends and waiting for the time to start Hon. J. W. N. Smith, who came with the emteratkm of 1913, says: "On tbe 2ffb day of ay, 143, after a pretty thorough mll'ta-y organization, we took up our line of march, with Captain John Gantt. an- old Army officer ... as guide. . . . Gantt knew the road as far as Green Rivor. . . . Dr. Whitman" overtook us before we reached the terminus of our guide's knowledge. He was familiar with the whole route, and wae confident that wagons could pass through the canyons aiwl gorges of the Snake R'ver. and so over the Blue Mountain--. . . Captain aa the Blue Mountains. '"ap-taia Grant, m charge of the Hudson s Bar Company at Fort rt ail. endeavored to dissuade us from il fow-thr with our wagons, and showed ue the wagons left Aero the precedl- year by enwgrana-, to prove the hnpracr eabttity of our d-te-aamatloB. . . Dr Whitman was perasste-st in nto assertion that wagontt couJcl go ae far as the Grand Drills of the o4uxabia. . . HappOy. Whitman's asV vtea prevailed, and a iaifre lrumoer of or wa-mas and a portion of the stock dU reach Walla Walm and the dalles. At Fort Hall we fell in with some Cayuse aad Nee Percen Imi'aas, returning from the BUffsso country ana am it wee neceo- aary for Dr Whitman to proceed he recommended to us a guide, m the person of an old Cayuse India- cal.ed "Stec-cue.' He was a faithfu' old "iu kw, perfectly familiar with tbe trails and topography' of the country " Captain John Ctentt was hired "by that emigration to pnot it to Green River Dr Whitman acted as guide from the-e to Fort Hall, not to exeeed four or five flays travel. Old Stec-cua. tho "Cayuse' In dian, piloted them from Fort Hall to The Danes. Much aeV has been rnade about Dr. Whitman's great feat In piloting the great era!gratlon of ttft across the plates, when, in fact he only piloted them a few days. Of course, he woe instrumental hi flndhMg a guide for them. But from Fort Hall to Tbe DaHea is the easiest par of the road. I make these lost quotations to-show there far just a little truth in that latter pert of this Whitman story, aa there was in the ftwrt or In any of it Dr. Meg-cue Whitman wen a true Ameri can, and did ail he could in his way for settlement Impro-femeat and advancement of Oregon; and. were he aiive today. would be the first to denounce and disown the fnlsOHse stuff and etupM. lies that have been said and1 told to make him a hero. P. W. QXLLmTETX. ALL ABOUT GRAJTD OPERA. Behind the Scenes "With Hena-jr FlaeJe, a Portland Boy. In aa article In the Intomash)n-d Month Iy on "Opera in America and Europe, Mr. Henry T. Frock writes sarcastically of Chicago as a center of musical culture. "The plain truth Is." he statos, tbe popu lace of Chicago, mm that of most of eur cities, does not eture to support good music, for the simple reason that such, music gives it no pleasure, being, to fact. I more apt to bora It." JJven Boston cornea in for Mr. Finck's condemnation. "Bos ton." he writes, "winch no doubt Is hon estly proud of its symphony concerto and supports them nobly, has no ear for dra matic music." "To a pe-tfornmaee of Siegfried, which could hardly have been equaled at Beyrouth, and which was pre sided over by no less a man than Anton Sekll," the Hub of the Universe con tributed a beggarly audience of only" SCOl Philadelphia, Mr. Fteok dookwoo, has been making an effort in Meant years to become operatic, but, compared with European standards, "sw York remains tbe only Americas city mat deserves se rious coneideratlon from aa operatfe point of view." While opera prospers ft New York new. this has not always been the ease. Last season Mr. Grau cleared 3tu,M. hut in 19S4-S6, Abbey Sc Grau lost -me.i. It is frankly admitted by Mr. Ftnek that not even In Greater New York are there enough wealthy lovers of music to make grand opera, prontahle or possible as- a purely musical entertainment Fashion and the national desire to attend a "big thing" have combined with a love of mu sic to make possible "an ensemble of stars, an operatic galaxy." Much nonsense, declares Mr. Frock, has beea written regarding tbe ettcesslve erool uments paid to great opera, singers. It Is all a oueetion of -amply and damaatK Mr. Grau does not gamine Joan do Jfcssoke $1600 or more a night because ho has found that ms receipts average JMM mors when tbe Polish tenor sings in a particu lar opera. If be can get a $, audience to hear "Carmen" when Mme. Carve sings and only half as much when some other vocalist takes her place, why should be refuse to pay what seems an excessive sum for a few hours' work? "The supply of geniuses is limited, and that Is why they come high like diamonds and gold." The repertoire of the Metropolitan is often denounced for Its monotony and the taboo ing of novelties, but this is said to be due to the fact that tbe New York public "has an unconquerable suspicion of operat ic novelties." The London opera season Is shorter then New York's, and to London, as in New York, the singer Is of greater rotportanee than the opera. The three most popular operas in London last season were, ae hi New York, "Lohengrin," "Faust' and "Carmen." In Germany the opera. re garded as of greater hnportence than the singer, and Mr. Fmck tells us that "the Germane, with their cosmopolitan taste and love of music for Its own sake, are apt to assume airs of superiority on this point, and not without reason." But there is another point of -view, as Mr Finck explains. In the German provmeisl thea ters, and too often in the capitaJs, the singers are not equal to the task of ade quately interpreting the operas in which they appear, so that allowances have to be made which seriously Interferes with the enjoyment of the mnsfc. Parts Is eminently sa operatic osty. Alone of all European cities, it has two permanent operas, tho Grand and the Comiaue, "which, like the operatta the aters, have their big prises in tbe amuse ment lottery." The receipts at tbe Grand Opera for the season average about $000,000, while the ove-o-nent grree a subvention of $MM46i The singers are paid much lees than In Itegland and tbe United States. Gounod's "Faust" and Ambrose Thomas' "Mignon" are favorite operas. The publisher of "Faust" taas made over $1,"J,"0 on the score. National antipathy to anything of German ersjta prevented for many years the perform ance of Wagnerian opera, but tbe pro duction of "Lohengrin" opened the neodV gates for the Wagner operas, whisk now hold the leading place. As to the opera in Italy. Mr. Finck as serts that a state of decadence exists. The Donizetti centenary at Bergamo, to lv7, epitomised tbe whole aftnathm. It was a failure, "ehtefty because there were no Italian singers able to give a good performance of one of his operas.' Italy has long since ceased to supply tho world's demands for opera singers, and the very few there are do not remain in Italy, be cause they can get much higher terms In England and America, The manufacture of new operas eonttnoes In Italy "but their life Is not nmeh longer than that of a newspaper, and tow ever cross the LAlpe. Verdi Is the last of the great Ital ians; from Mm to Mascagni, Leoncavallo and Pacini, the descent is abysmal " While the opera, has almost a monopoly of musical Use In Italy, Germany is far in the lead. Italy has about 20 large opera-houses and tbe same number of smaller ones. Germany baa twice as many. The German opera season oovers M months, while In Italian cit'es It Iasta only during the carnival weeks The subscribers to the leading Italian opera house, the Milan Seals, may hav to con tent themselves with six or eight operas, while the German Institutes often pro duce as many as SO or mora different operas during a season, including half a dozen novelties. Italian and French operas are sung of toner In Germany than in Italy and France, and to these 19m Germans add their vast domestic reper toire. i Frasee's Penslosi System New York World. Is France mftimry pem-tons are granied only for wounds or for disease wructea hi the service. Their amounts ranre for privates from $120 to JH6 per aiuv.ro, for eorperals from H36 to 053 ' r ---et from $19 to JaaS, and to on ip j adju tants, whose maximum is 0K The limit for officers 1 MOO for captains. M9 for chefs de oatallion, $1000 for colonels, axle" from $1800 to $2500 for gererai.