Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 23, 1900)
10 THE MORNING OKEGONIAN, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1000. COURSE IN PHOTOGRAPHY FOR AMATEURS (OoByrlgfct. 1999. by THE 0BOOfAN,S HOME STUDY CIRCLE IWTGGRARHY FOR AMATEURS H. TUB PHOTOGRAPHIC LEXS. Br L. B. ELLIOTT. Otocbceter. X. T.) "vary one te more or less familiar with the action of & fens, yet as air of niisU mm always meate to svrroand this most MMMCIal part of the photographer's outfit. The fMhunAta.l principtes en which lnimmc &r constructed and which govern their nee are not at all difficult to under stand. The action of a lens in forming a picture depend upon the fact that light travels hi straight Hive until it meets with an obstruction, and if the obstruc tion Is one through which light can pass 1. a transparent the ray will "be bent out of Hb eottrse while passing through the onhotancc and again diverted when It omargoc into the air. This phenomenon Fig. 1. conetttatee refraction, and is easily demon strated by the familiar experiment of piecing a pencil In a glass of -water and viewing it from above and from the side. In either ease the straight rod appears to be bent. In reality, of course, only the rare of light reflected by the pencil have been bent by the water. Had the glass been filled with some fluid lighter than water, such as alcohol, the pencil wouM have appeared less "bent, while had the substance been more dense, for In stance chloroform, it would have apparent ly been bent more, thus it Is that the greater the difference between the density of the air and that of the refracting sub st&tioe, the greater the amount of refrac tion. Skillful opticians take advantage of tbie fact in the construction of lenses, combining dense and light glasses to give the greatest amount of refraction with the least dispersion of the light into Its primary colors. The subject of dispersion. is one of great interest to the photog rapher, but one which would require a treatise in itself to explain thoroughly, hoaoo we shall content ourselves with Fig:. 2. the statement that If objects are viewed thrawgh a prism they appear fringed with ootoM. The same is true to a less extent If an ordinary strong magnifying lens is anhsCtnted for the prism. "Were these cohr fringes present, even in the smallest degree, in the image formed by the pho togoaaMc lens they would cause indtstlnct nass and render the lens useless. It a ray of light be allowed to pass through a prism it will be found to have bean refracted by the prism in such a Figr. S. that it is bent toward the thick on, (gee Fig. &.) A lens is, in effect. two prisms -with their bases or their Figr. 4. enges together, as the case may be. If the bases are placed together rays of Mght passing through each prism would Flgr. 5. orees at some point, while ia the other oaee the rays would continually diverge. (See Fine. 4 and S.) If the surface of the prisms were curved instead, of flat, their effect on light passing through thorn would not be altered. We therefore have in these examples the Flic. G. of the two principal kinds of lenses. the convex converging: lens and the oon caT diverging lens. (See first and fourth lenses shown m Fig. 6.) The shnnieet form of photographic lens is a single convex lens. A convex lens win oanse the rays of light coming from an hject or group of objects to converge natn at a fixed distance they form a sham okar taukge. TMs distance is celled the Wal length of the tens, and is greater or .res according to the curvatatre of the aawfa4E of the lens, being shorter la a lens having sUenj, curves and longer when IJaar Wflflw nrtaf T i i r- wLJJiaBaas' Seymour Eaton.) DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON the curves are weak. If we were to ex amine the whole of the picture formed by such a single lens It would be found that while the.arcular image is quite large, only a small, portion In the center would appear sharply denned, while an ever-increasing amount of distortion would appear from the center outward. "Wh.le no photographic lens has ever yet been made which would give absolute sharp ness over its ent-re image circle, the mod ern anastigmats designed by Professor Abbe, of Jena, very nearly do eo. It wiil thus be seen that one of the most valu able features of a lens is the ability to produce a sharp, nondistorted image over the whole image circle, and the more nearly a lens will do this the more valu able it is. Coupled with "covering pow er," as it is called, there should be rapid ity. The speed of a lens depends upon the number of rays of light which It will converge upon a given area. Light pro ceeds from every luminous object equally In all directions, hence all lenses having the same diameter will receive an equal amount of light. It is the manner in which the lens converges the light which determines the speed. The photographic plate is affected more or less quickly as the light which falls upon it is more or less Intense. The Intensity of light varies inversely with the square of the distance from its source. For practical purposes we may consider the source of light fall ing upon the photographic plate to be at the lens. Then, supposing two lenses of the same diameter and having the same size image circles to differ in focal, length by one-half, according to the law of inten sity, the Imago formed by the lens having the shorter focus will be four times as bright as the other, the Illumination w.ll be four times as Intense and the lens will secure a p'cture in one-fourth the time required by the other. For rapid photography, and this Includes the greater part of amateur photography, It la obvious that the lens should have the shortest possible focus, and at the same time be able to produce a perfectly sharp Image over the whole plate. The difficulties of the optclan begin when he attempts to combine these desirable fea tures. To return to our single convex lens, a portion of its indistinctness can be done away with by placing an opaque stop, with a small circular opening in it, in front of the lens. The smaller the open ing the larger the area of sharpness will be; at the same time the volume of light will be correspondingly reduced and the lens made slower. The practical solution is the use of a stop of moderate size and a lens having an image circle much larger than the diagonal of the plate of the camera, thus allowing the Indistinct por tion of the image circle to fall outs da tho limits of the picture to be used. Under these immutable conditions It will be seen that only a lens of very llm.ted speed can be had when the double convex form is employed. This is the cheapest form of lens made. The simple meniscus lens is an improvement on the double convex form, which It resembles, with the excep tion that the surface toward the object !s curved Inward Instead of outward. This Increases the area of sharpness in the image circle and permits the use of a lens at shorter focus and greater aperture. The rays of light which fall upon the portions of a lens farthest from the cen ter, anw at the most oblique angles are the ones which are most acted upon by the lens, and which, unless some special pro vision is made for them In the construc tion of the lens, cause Indistinctness In the Image and make It necessary to shut them out by means of stops, therefore the lens which cam bring' the geratest number of these marginal rays to aid in the forma tion of a sharp . image will be the most rapid and give the least distorted Image. The next step In this process is the employment of two lenses of d.fferent shape cemented together to form one lens. One lens Is of crown glass w th compara tively low refracting power, and the other of flint glasa of great refractive action. The resulting lens Is called an achromatic lens, and Is superior to cither the double con vex or meniscus, as le Image circle has a larger sharply defined area and a. much shorter focus may be employed on the same plate, thus giving greater speed. These s'ngle achromatic lenses are also, made double convex and meniscus, of which the meniscus Is the better. Hav ing proceeded so far, it Is easy to see that still further results can "be obtained by the proper combination of two achro matic lenses, constructed for the purpose, Into one compound lens. The simplest form Is that known as "rectilinear," in wblc-i two meniscus achromatic lenses called "systems" are mounted in a tube with their concave surfaces facing each other. The rectilinear lens Is vastly superior to the single lens, excelling in all the properties which we have mentioned In connection with lenses. If all objects could be photographed at a distance of 100 feet or more from the camera, single lenses might do quite well, but when it is desired to make at one time sharp pictures of all objects from immediately in front of the lens to the greatest distance, It is im portant to have a lens which will do so without unduly reducing its speed. Depth of focus; as this property is called, varies directly with the focus of the lens, being greatest In the shortest-focus lenses. The depth of focus can be increased In any lens by "stopping It down" that Is, cut ting off the marginal rays and reducing the 6peed. Rectilinear lenses have only half the focal length of single lenses hav ing the same Image circle, hence are much more rapid, will make a much larger picture and have greater depth of focus. They also possess one other feature of greater Importance the ability to repro duce straight lines correctly. In the single lenses the distortion of the Image is such that when photographing a build ing or other object having parallel lines, the lines appear crowded together at the margin of the picture, while In the rectili near lens no such distortion occurs. The rectilinear lens has Its defects, being un able to reproduce lines at different angles with equal distinctness. In the manufacture of lenses a -variation of 1.000.000th of an inch Is as readily detectable as a hand's breadth's difference In ordinary measurement. All defective lenses are rejected. Herein lies the snare for the unwary purchaser. The unscrupu lous manufacturer may use lenses with slight defects such as the layman could not himself detect, with the result that the purchaser of such a lens would find himself with an Instrument from which It is impossible to obtain the best results, although It may be apparently perfect. It is for this reason that only lenses by mak ers of established integrity should ever be considered. Women's Rights nt School Elections. PORTLAND. Feb. 22. To the Editor.) 1. Is It necessary for a woman to reg.s ter before voting at a school meeting? 2. Is it .required thst a woman should produce her tax receipt before her vote will be received? 3. Suppose her property has nex-er won assessed, must ehe hunt up the assessor and request him to receive her taxes? AUNT JERUSHA. L No. The registration law applies only to persons voting at a general elec- 2. If a woman's vote is challenged, she Figr. 7. must show that she Is a taxpayer, and the readiest way of doing this Is by pro ducing her tax receipt. 3. If her property has never been as sessed, she Is not a taxpayer, and there fore Is not entitled to vote. Before she can vote she must be a taxpayer. Had she made a proper return of her property to the assessor, she would have been duly taxed, and there would be no necessity for hunting up the assessor and request ins him to receive her taxes. o CLEVERLY PRESENTED. A Pleasing: Performance of "Won Back," by Mnnsnnitn Club. A very large audience crowded tlie Mar quam Grand last night for the play "Won Back," presented "by the Manzanita Dra matic Club for the benefit of Ruth As sembly, No. 137, of the United Artisans. Tho plot hinged upon events of the Civil "War, sectional feeling running high. The actc-rs entered thoroughly into the spirit of the piece, and the audience was kept In a state of pleasurable excitement that did not abate till the curtain went down on tho last act at about 11:30. This, ami the frequent outbursts of enthusiastic applause, bore eloquent testimony to the success of the effort. Miss Susan May Richards had the heavy work of the evening, and acquitted her self brilliantly as the young Maryland belle and Washington favorite, who sac rificed fortune and happiness in the cause of duty, and of the man she loved. Never ' for a- moment did she falter, though her role made such arduous ' demands upon her. She was as natural and uncon strained as though she were in a drawing room, instead of on the stage, and mis tress of every situation. Miss Ida Jennings, as the impulsive young Vassar girl, won her way com pletely Into the hearts of the audience by her bright and Ingenuous ways and clever work. The scene In which she gave, in strict confidence, her ideas on matrimony, was especially well received by the big audience. Miss Ella Hoy gave her lines with com mendable ease. There was nothing theat rical or ranting In her manner, which was marked rather by refreshing simplicity and the frank naturalness of one long accustomed to the footlights. Henry Coffey, as the man of Inexorable purpose und cruel heart, who was the cause tl many of tho complications ot tho play, won many plaudits. Vlelng with him in the Importance of his role was Charles M. Richards, whoee fate as a prisoner of war fluctuated in the balance In the last act of the play, a sudden at tack on the camp, and the unexpected death of his bitter enemy bringing about his final release. This restored him to the woman he loved, and ended the play in very happy fashion. Much of the comedy element In the play was devolved upon Mrs. Cora K. Coff man, whose hot-tempered demonstrations in the role of Homer Cooke, of South Carolina, wero conspicuous throughout tho four acts. In the last, a unique ex pedient was resorted to viz., that of branding him as a coward) by putting him In a barrel. In which he was allowed to walk around helplessly and ludicrously n camp. Bruce Stuart, R. N. Parks, L. F. Clark and Miss Lois McCoy also took more or less prominent parts in the play. FROM THE CHILD'S MOTHER Mrs. Nelson Makes a Statement Con cerning: Her Daughter's Death. PORTLAND, Feb. 22. I desire to state a few facts In regard to the recent illness and death of my daughter. Marguerite Nelson, in order to correct false Impres sions that will unavoidably be gained from statements already publshed. The ch.ld conti acted a cold nearly two weeks before her death, which gave no symptoms of anything different from an ordinary cold until the night of the 15th Inst., at which time the first indications of croup were manifested. She was 7 years and 1 month old, and had from Infancy been 1 able to attacks of croup, resulting from cold, but hither to those attacks had readily yielded to remedies used. In this Instance, also, I saw what I believed to be evidences of her recovery until Saturday morning, when the case seemed to take an unfavorable turn. I immediately sent for (Dr. A. S. N.chols, who pronounced the disease to be croup, and treated It accordingly. A trained nurse was immediately procured, but no lrstructions were given to any member of my. family to display any sig nal of diphtheria till past 1 o'clock P. M., and till that time I had no suspicion nor intimation that the disease was of a contagious nature, and since that time neither I nor any of my fami y have visited tho homes of any neighbors. exceDt one. and that at the invitation of that neigh bor; and no neighbor ever suggested any method of treatment for my child. I had previously employed a neighbor living at 505 Columbia street, to do some sewing. The statement has been published ihat I thus exposed a family of young children to contagion. The youngest child in the family is said to be 1C years old. A green flag was conspicuously displayed till the remains had been removed from the dwelling, and I leave the public to judge from the facts just stated in regard to my Intentions or my carelessness In exposing my neighbors to contagion. ALICE M. NELSON. MANY GOOD SPEECHES. Lively Meeting of Yonng Men's Re publican Clnb. The regular meeting of the Young Men's Republican Cub, at 407 Worcester block, last evening, was well attended, and con siderable enthusiasm was manifested. A special programme had been arranged, of which the prominent features were the singing of "The Star-Spangled Ban ner" by the Oregon Quartet; and an ad dress by John P. Kavanaugh. a talk on "Oregon's Young Men in the Philippines," by General Owen Summers; a solo b Jack Fpwler; an address by Arthur L. Veazie, on "The Republican Party"; solo by N. H. Alexander, and an address on "The Republican Policy of Expansion," by J. M. Long. Appropriate music was furnished throughout the entertainment. Mr. Kavanaush's rVmarks on "The Young Man in Politics" gave evidence of careful study of the subject, and his speech was well received throughout "Gold Standard and Expansion" were ably championed as the leading planks In the Republican platform. Mr. Veazie outlined the different policies of the great parties now about to con front each other for supremacy, and he gave cogent reasons for young men to follow the Republican standard-bearers. S. C. Spencer spoke oi the ancient pol icy of the Democratic party on the ques tion of expansion, and referred to Jeffer son as one of its great expansion leaders. Fred Mulkcy congratulated the club on the conversion of several young men of opposite political faith, and he favored the pronounced policies of the Republican party on finance and the retention of the territory acquired by war. The meeting adjourned with each member resolving to do his share toward Republican victo ries In the Impending battles of the bal lots. c Election of Ilond Supervisors. Salem Statesman. Road supervisors are to be elected- by the people at the next general election in June, and every two years thereafter, the boundaries of road districts being the same as those of the precincts, each pre cinct electing its own supervisor. The po ll leal parties, then, at their primary elec tions, should nominate candidates for that office, and not leave It for the delegation to do. The people at the primaries con stitute the proper authority to nominate precinct officers, and it should not be dslcgatecb to others nor should the coun ty convention b.s in any way cumbered with it. UNUSUALLY HIGH SCORES aiUIiTXOHAH JfEAItliT RECOIUX SMASHES A Many JTorthwcst Bovflers in a Tour nament More Games to Be Played Tonight. The final series of games of. .the Inter state championship contest opened In Portland last night, with the Union Club, of Tacoma, at Arlington, deattle Athletic Club at Commercial and Seattle Bowling Club at Multnomah. The Portland olubs fared best In the games, Multnomah win ning four straight games from the Bowl ing Club, Commercial three from the Ath letic Club and Arlington breaking even with Tacoma. The Multnomah team put up a total of 1120 pins, which is within 13 pins of the association record. Gillette, of the Seattle Club, carried off the honors for high total and single game. He se cured a total of 20S and a single game of 70. Idleman led Multnomah with 206. Buckman, of Multnomah, put up a brill Ian percentage game, securing one per fect and two very nearly perfect games. All the games went to Multnomah easily. The scores at Multnomah were: 82.2 0 BfTiSS ? "Seattle Bowling I f" W. T. Sauls ,.... 3G 27 34 46 143 R. J. Huston 39 44 32 35 150 C. M. Baldwin 37 52 S6 49 174 A. H. Harrison S6 48 40 43 173 Roy E. Darlington 42 32 43 31 148 F. G. Gillette 49 47 6S 44 2u8 Grand totals 2T0 2C0 253 254 99S Multnomah H. L. Idleman 49 48 62 47 206 R. H. Pickering 50 41 50 39 ISO C. A. Craft 38 53 55 58 204 E. E. Mallory 38 49 42 38 167 B. D. Siglor 37 41 42 43 163 H. Buckman 54 40 49 57 200 Grand totals 266 272 300 2821120 The Arllngtons won the second and fourth games from Tacoma. It was im possible to get the scares of tho Tacoma team last night. The Arllngtons scored as folios: til ra! l 3 33i3& 32. n o Bo ra 3" 46 33 41 53 45 49 3fa 3s 25 28 54 44 23' 42 30 43 25 42 33 40 31 47 29 SO PLAYERS. Arlington F.' P. Mays A. B. Croasman Wirt Minor .... J. H. Lothrop.. R, R. Reid W. F. Burrell., Grand totals .. At Commercial, the home team won out by the timely high score of C. A. Burck hardt. The score follows: d CQ rt "3! 3 . S . 3- PLAYERS. 3? 3&.3S. aP'.o 0 3"i Commercial Graham .... Bleisdorf C. A. Burckhardt. Cullison Ek F. O. Burckhardt. Grand totals 26 i 259 2371 264 Seattle Bo wes ... Church ... Nelson ... Hugglns .. Cole Barragar . 144 153 159 156 hi;5 173 Grand totals 263 203 250, 204 Multnomah now leads in the race by one game. Tonight the Athletic Club plays at Arlington, the Bowling Club at Com mercial, and Tacoma at Mujtnomah. ON THE LINKS. -Several Notable Events on AVasnlng;- ton's Birthday. There was a large attendance at the Sellwood Links yesterday, and the day turned out very favorably. The various contests resulted as follows: PLAYERS. Men's singles P. H. Blyth, first prize P. B. Gifford, second prize.. Dr. H. E. Jones T R. Fletcher T. N. Strong W. M. Whidden A. L. Mills W. J. Burns R. S. Howard C. E. Ladd Ladles' singles -Miss A. Hcitshu, first prize. MIsaL. King Mrs. Koehler Miss M. Macleay Mrs. A. L. Lewis Men's foursomes Futcher-Strong, first prize.. Young-Tronson Reld-Goode Wilcox-Brooke MIxed foursomes Mrs. Koehler-Mr. Whidden Miss M. Macleay-Mr. Kerr. Miss L. King-Mr. Gifford... Miss A. Heltshu-Mr. AlnsWorth Mrs. Burns-Mr. Linthlcum. Mrs. G. Good-Mr. Spuhn.... Owe. tFirst prize. The Tacoma team did not put In an appearance, but it is hoped a contest can yet be arranged with some of the mem bers of the bowling team who are also golf cracks. 4 a h AGAINST KILLING BIRDS. Warning- From the Humane Society to Thoughtless Boys. Reports of the wanton killing and wounding of song and other birds by thoughtless persons, principally boys, having reached the Humane Society, it becomes necessary again to admonish, as we have many times Defore, the perpe trators of these acts, which are not only cruel, but criminal, and are punishable by fine or imprisonment. The wanton killing of any living harm less creature reveals the destructive and deplorable conditions of human tenden cies, and we fail to note wherein Is de rived a tithing of pleasure or satisfac tion In viewing the 'lifeless form of a bleeding bird, which but a moment before was joyous with song, and perhaps the parent of a tender brood, upon whose care their lives depended. The great bene fit of birds to mankind Is too well known for the writer to enter into, argument upon the subject at this time- Our ob ject Is once more to Inform the reader that City ordinances and State laws have been enacted for the protec tion of native and Imported birds, and it is the special duty and pur-' pose of the Oregon Humane Society to see that these laws are observed, and that all persons found violating same will be speedily brought to justice. The following is the City ordinance re garding bean-shooters: "Section 14. If any person or persons shall use, cause to be used, or encourage the use of any bean-shooter or other con trivance or Invention used In shooting or throwing beans, stones, pebbles or other 1 3Ubstance or thing, in or upon any street, park, lane or alley or other public place in said City, they shall be guilty of a. mis demeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not lees than $3 nor more than $50. The foregoing ordinance 13 comprehen sive and will cover the sale and use of air-guns, which are dangerous weapons In the hands of small boys and are ex ceedingly detrimental to the numerous birds which inhabit our City and con tribute so generously their welcome songs. The Oregon Humane Society has endeav ored through prlzegivlngr to inculcate in the minds and hearts of the children of our public schools lessons In kindness to all living creatures, and will again award several cash prizes, at their coming 28th anniversary. Will It not be far better to Win a prize in a worthy contest than suffer arrest and punishment for violation of City and State laws? W. T. SHANAHAN, Corresponding Secretary Oregon Humane Society. The Society has a standing reward of $10 for the arrest and conviction of of fenders of this class. ' o P SHEEP GUARDED BY DOGS. Interesting: Incident of Lnst Tear's Ellzznrd In Montana. A. M. Holter, of Helena, Mont., who Is largely Interested in tne cattle and sheep Industry In that state. Is at the Portland, accompanied by his wife. The winter has thus far been a very easy one on stock iu his country, he says, and very little loss from cold or exposure has resulted, though last October a cold spelf killed several sheepherders in the Great Falls district, one of whom was taking care of Mr. Hol ler's flocks. At that time two feet of snow covered the range in places, and tho thermometer indicated 40 degrees be low zero. Tho herder was frozen to death on the prairies, while caring for the sheep, and it was thrge days before his fate was known to his employers. Two chopherd dogs were with him when he died, and one of those stayed with hla body, while the other attended to the shoep, Just as though the herder had been with Mm. The.dog drove them out on the range in the .morning and back again at night, guarding them from wolves and preventing them from straying off. Neither dog had anything to eat during the three days' vigil, so far as could be ascertained; but the 2500 head of sheep thrived as well. apparently, as though directed by human agency. In regard to the new Federal building at Helena, Mr. Holter says delay In ob taining a suitable site has prevented the work going ahead. Half a block had been purchased by the Government, but the prominent business men of the city found that the other half, 150 feet in width, could be purchased for 520.000, and so the authorltiea at Washington were asked to look into the matter. Present indications are that the whole block will I bo finally purchased, and that the building will be set In the middle of it. after the fashion of the Portland postofflce. which, Mr. Holter thinks, is wise. He and Mrs Holter will tako In Astoria and Seaside while enjoying a few weeks of Oregons balmy atmosphere. o PREPARING FOR A RALLY. V. S. Grant Club Will Open Its Cam paign Next Friday. Senator George C. Brownell, of Oregon City, yesterday wired his acceptance of an invitation to open the campaign for the U. S. Grant Republican Club, of the Eighth Ward, by an address on the po litical issues of the day. His address will be given Friday evening, March 2, at Gruner's hall, corner East "Seventh and Stephens streets, and within one block of the City & Suburban Railway. It Is the only large hall obtainable In that part of the city. It is expected that there will be the largest political gathering that has been held on the East Side since the last Presidential election. For the arrange ment of details there will be a meeting of tho members of the club Sunday after noon at 3:30 o'clock. A temporary com mittee was appointed yesterday to make some preliminary arrangements and Issue invitations, all of which will be submitted at the Sunday afternoon meeting. The full list of committees and Tionorary vice presidents will be announced later. The meeting ot the U. S. Grant Club for the election of officers, announced for Saturday night, March 3, will be called off for that time. Instead, the members will be asked to assemble at 7:30 Friday night, before Mr. Brownell makes his ad dress, and elect the officers. The ad dress will commence promptly, If possible, at 8 o'clock, but the club will be able to dispatch Its business before that time and save calling another meeting for the purpose. East Side Notes. The clieese factory at Gresham is using 2700 pounds of milk daily, and is ln every way prosperous. Sumner Relief Corps and Sumner Post will meet together Saturday night at Ross' hall. Department Commander and Department President Gates will be pres ent. Frank S. Fields will likely be re-elected Clerk of the Mount Tabor School District No. 5. So far there are no candidates named against him. His work has been In every way satisfactory. Anthony Whitaker, the aged pioneer, ly ing very ill at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Mayo, 600 Ellsworth street, rallied somewhat yesterday. During Tuesday and Wednesday nights his death was ex pected at any moment, and his improve ment yesterday was a surprise to the physician attending him. Dr. Wise is at room 614. c Dekum. Assessment of Notes. TUALATIN, Or., Feb. 14. To the Ed itor.) You are speaking of the mortgage tax law In your editorial in The Weekly Oregonlan of February 9, and mentioning tha New York State Is about to impose a tax en mortgages. Well, the tax law has been repealed in this State, but I have it on good authority that notes can be as sessed here whether secured by mortgages or not. Now, I should like to know where the difference comes in. It seems to me to be just a quibble, because a note Is always given with a mortgage. "NUNC LICET." Notes are assessable, whether unse cured, secured by collateral, or secured by mortgage, and where persons in making a sworn statement to the assessor concerning their property render an account of note3 which, they hold, they are assessed. But the assessor does not examine the county records to ascertain what notes and mort gages are of record, for several reasons. One is that the foreign mortgage com panies send the notes to the home office, and th'e notes are therefore not here to be assessed, and the agents contend that they are not assessable. Other mortgage notes are placed In banks as collaterals, and the original owners cannot be assessed on them, and the banks do not recognize the right of the assessor to assess notes, but only the stock of the bank, based upon the value of all of the assets, less liabili ties, and the right to tax notes in" the banks has been tried out and decided in favor of the banks. Again, should the assessor take the amount of mortgage notes from the county records, he is liable to be much in error, as the notes may have been nearly all paid, but the record will not show -this, as can cellation does not. occur upon the records except when the Instrument has been fully satisfied. Partial payments are not en tered. The other reasons, mentioned, how ever, are the principal ones. To tax notes held by residents of this state Is a dis crimination against home capital, and the. tax amounts to about one and a half per cent. This, of coarse, the lender wnt add to the borrower's interest. In view of these facts, notes are not assessed at least, very few of them are and there Is a sort of a general understanding that they are not taxable. The inherent weak ness of the system is the futile attempt tor tax credits and evidences of debt. HI i "RULER OF THE GLOBE." One Who Thinks England Will Real ize Napoleon's Prediction. PORTLAND, Feb. 2L (To the Editor,) A clever managing of affairs has raised England to a great power. Now it tries to gain more power, and it never will stop to Increase such until it has the whole gSobe under control. This will come fast enough when once on a height of perfect Independence, and such inde pendence cannot be far oft, either. The next movement will be to obtain the Afri can posr essions of Portugal. As little as Spain could govern its colonies, as little, or less, no doubt, Portugal ean. The next grab will be for the German and French possessions, and so on until Napo.eon's predictions are realized. Just now, of course. England needs, or at least desires, a powerful friend, who, however, is dropped as soon as It feels safe 'in perfect independence. It then goes, like It always has gone amongst nations today it is friendship, and to- Lmorrow enmity or fight. England sweeps the road, where there is any obstruc tions, for the benefit of its subjects and the increase of its power, possessions, and the final glory. Can it be "blamed for that! I surely would rather see our States in such a position; but cannot blame Eng land. Most all other nations are busy in the same enterprise, and, therefore, have hardly a. right. If they had ths power, to stop England. S.nce no other nation or nations can nor will Interfere against England's aggrandizement, it soon wLI have reached Its destiny, control the earth, and accomplish what Napoleon failed in. in galn'ng a supreme mastership, a ruler over the whole globe. G. F. CRAMER. Soap not only for toil et and bath but for shaving. Pears was the inventor of shav ing stick soap. AMERICA SAYS SO The Entire Country the Move. Is on Caacnrets Candy Cathartic Did It, and Record a Phenomenal Victor- Five Million Boxes Sold Last Year. From every part of America comes the news that sufferers from constipation have found relief in Cascarets Candy Cathartic, the wonderful modern scientific laxative and intestinal toiric. Cascarets are figur atively and literally in everybody's mouth. Thousands have tried Cascarets -with the most pleasant and effective results, and voluntarily testify to their 'experiences. Here are a few extracts from some of the letters: "I have been using Cascarets for head ache and constipation and have received great benefit from them." Mrs. M. Gab ler. 512 Larrabee St., Chicago. "I have been taking Cascarets for over a month and find them Just the thing for constipation. AiDert a. iiurt, to Mam at., Andover, Masa. "I am using Cascarets and have never found an thing so satisfactory." Mrs. C. w. Durrant, 57 Emerson St, Buffalo, N. Y. "I have taken Cascarets and cheerfully recommend them to all my frlendsi." Mrs. G. J. Gradwell, Frugality, Pa, "Cascarets are fine for biliousness and malaria and are so pleasant to take." Mrs. Mary Cummlngs, Maud, Oklahoma. "I use Cascarets In my family and find them all you recommend them to be." B. L. Irvin, Cor. Mead and Railroad, Mead ville. Pa, "You can safely add appendicitis to the list of diseases that Cascarets will benefit or cure." Eunice J. Smith, Rich Valley, Ohio. "I have used Cascarets; there Is nothing better for constipation." Benj. Passage, Knightstown, Ind. "Cascarets are all right. They have cured me of constipation, and I never expected anything would." Charles H. Nye, Lock Box 205, Cincinnati, Ohio. "I am so thankful for your Cascarets. They are better than any medicine I ever used." Mrs. M. Rew, Lacelle, la, "I do not hesitate to say that Cascarets Is the very best medicine ever placed be fore the people." Andrew Woodruff, Days vllle, N. Y. "Cascarets are the best cathartic I ever used." Tom Holt, Wellwood, Manitoba, "I have tried your Cascarets and I want to tell you they are just splendid." John WIegmink, Box 961, Allegan, Mich. We could fill the whole paper with ex pressions like the above. Thousands of similar recognitions of the merits of Cas carets have been volunteered and prove that this delightful laxative, so pleasant of taste, so mild and yet effective, has secured a firmly established place in the hearts of the people. Go buy and try Cascarets yourself to day. All druggists. 10c, 25c, 50c. Booklet and sample free. Address Sterling Rem edy Company. Chicago or New York. This Is the CASCARET tabtet. Evory tablet of the only genuine Cascarets bears the magic letters "CCC-" Look at the tablet before you buy, and beware of frauds, imitations and substitutes. CCI LJ NO PAIN! NO GAS! No charge for painless extraction when teeth are ordered. All work done by graduate dentlsto of 12 to 20 years' experience; a specialist In each department. We -will tell you In advance exactly what your work will cost by a fre examination. Give us a call, and you trill flnU we do exactly as we advertise. Set of Teeth..... $5.00 Gold Filling- $1.00 Gold Crown $5.0tS Sliver Filling .50 fid PLATES New York Dental Parlors Ban Francisco Office, 723 Market at., eecvnd floor History building. PORTLAND OFFICE N. E. Cor. Fourth an! Msrrissa Streets Hours 8 to 8; Sundays, 19 to 4. Mariani Wint World Famoui Tonic It Is found especially useful in Nervous Troubles, Dyspepsia, Malaria, Anaemia, Loss of Ste4p, Consumption, Overwork. Indigestion, La. Grippe, Nervotw Prcetratkw, General Debility, Tardy Convalescence. Lose of Bkwd. Irapo toaey. Melancholia. Throat and Lung Troahtep. Sctuaekness. All Wasting Disease? aad Aftor Fevers. Sold by all Druggists. Refuse Substitutes. D o5 HBaLwia3jffliiXYl L ! L THE PALATIAL Onil BUILDING Not a tfarlc efHcc in the building! absolutely nreyreofj electric lth: and artesian rratcrj perfect sanita tion and thorough vmtilntlon. k.iv vatora ran day and. HshU Koom. XN-DERSOX. eCSTAY. AMwrwyxU-La i)3 ASSOCIATED PRESS: H L. l"wK. Mgi . S,H BAXKKRS- LI ASSOCIATION, ot Dt Uoises. Ia.; C. A. afcCsHrgar. State Asent V2 3 BEHXXE. H. W.. PUb. Persia Srthai(J " 21 T BEXJAM1X. X. . Dettt . ill BINSWAXGER. Mt. O. .. Phys. 4 Sur 1 t 2 BRUKRB. DR. O. X.. pfeysfctaa ...4i2 4l3l BUSTEED. RICHARD. Ajfwt Wilaoa A ilw CaMay Tobacco Co 6 2 C.3 CAUK1N. G. E.. Dtetriec At Traveler Iftsaraftte Co . . , r-j CARDWKLL. DR. J. B '., n CLARK. HAROLD. XtoMtst 314 CLEM. E. A. 4 CO.. MlnW Fnwertlea.. 315-8. tf COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANY . 804-6M-M8 OT-tH3-6U 0 S CORNKLIVS. C. W. Phys. and Swgeon.... 2tH COVER, r. C. Caohkjr EoainM Life . , 300 COLUER. p. F.. PDit8ar; S. P. McGuire. Manager ..415-418 DAY, J. G A I. N .. .. 313 DAVIS. XAPOLEOK. PresMmK Columbia Telephone Co CO DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Paysfcfaa Til "U DRAKE. DR. H B. Plfsteiaa ..512-513 Z DUNHAM. MR. GEO. A. Tit DWTER, JA. T, Tobaccos 4:3 EDITORIAL ROOMS Elghrt 1-cr EQUITABLE LIFT: ASSURANCE 90CIETT L. Samuel. Manager, F. C Cvr. Caahle- 300 EVENING TELEGRAM- 395 Alder s'.eo" FENTON, J. D.. Phystctaa ami Sttrgeon 5u9 S 3 FENTON, DR. HICKS C. Bye and Ear... l.i FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Xtoattet ...009 FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE A3SN. E. a Stark, Manager ... eoi FRENCH SCHOOL (by eoBvenattea). Dr. A. MuzsireiU. Manager T39 GALVANI. IV. H.. Engineer aad Draughts man ...... eoo GEARY, DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and Surgeon .. ,212 213 GIESY. A. J.. Phystetea and Surgeon... 709 ".J GODDARD, E. C. & CO., Footwear, ground floor 12S Sixth strcr GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan Llf Insurance Co.. at New York .203 2't GRANT, FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Iaw. , ... C? GRENIER. MISS BEATRICE. Dentist 739 HAMMOND. A. B 3.3 HEIDINGER, GEO. A. & CO., Pianos ar.d Organs 131 Six i S- HOLLISTSR. DR. O. C. Pliys. 4 Surg...50l-5C3 IDLEMAN. C. M., Attoraey-at-Law . 418-1: ..8 KADY. MARK T.. Manager PacMc North- ivest Mutual Reserve Fund Life Amo. 604-C03 LAMONT, JOHN. Vice-President and Gen eral Manager CohmtMa Telephone Co . , 603 LTTTLBFIELD. H. R., Pays, and Surgeon 201 MACRUM, W. 3., See. Oregon Camera Club 2t MACKAY. DR. A. B.. Phys. and SMrg....71I-"i3 MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Pays. A Surg "01 2 J McCARGAR. C A.. State- Agest Bankers' Life Association 502 5C 3 McCOY, NEWTON. Attoraey-at-Law 713 McFADEN. MISP IDA B.. Stenographer.. 2C1 McGINN. HENRY B., AtterBey.a:-Law..311 313 McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers" Representa tive 301 MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist anl Oral Surgeoa . 60S era MOBSMAN. DR. B. P.. Dentist 512 313 3.1 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. ot New York; "W. Goldman. MAger a .. 2C0-213 McBLROY, DR. J. G.. Pays. 4 Surg "01-7 2 "jJ McFARLAND. E. B.. Secretary Columbia Telephone Co...... , 604 McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier Publisher ,415-419 McKIM, MAURICE. Attoraey-at-Law... , SOS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. ot New York: Wm S. Pond. State Mgr 4O4-405-4O MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'Nf, M. T. Kady. Mgr. Pacific Northwest... 604-603 NICHOLAS, HORACE B., Attorey-at-Law 713 NILES. M. L.. Cashier Manhattan IJfe In- suranoa Co., of New York 20 OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY Dr. L. B. Smith. Osteopath.. , .408-403 OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-215-21 ' 2.T PERNIN SHORTHAND SCHOOL: H. W Behnke. Prln 211 POND. WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life Ins. Co. of New York 404-405-406 PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRM RY . .- ....Oroend floor. J38 Sixth stree PORTLAND PRE CLUB Tl PROTZMAN. EUGENE C. Superintendent Agencies Mutual Reserve Fund Life, of New York r PUTNAM'S SONS, G. P.. PaWlehers .... SIS QUIMBY. L. P. W.. Ganae and Forestry Warden 71 R " REED MA&COLM. &ntfcfeHis..l33 Sixth strer' REED, F. C . Floh Commissioner 40" RYAN, J. B.. Attoraey-at-Iaw . 41? bALISBURT,, GEO N.. Section Director, V S. Weather Bureau .. 911 SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life . 303 SANDFORD. A. C. ft CO . Publishers Agts 53 SCRIBNER'S SONS. CKA3.. Publishers Jesse Hobson. Manager 315-31R-;i? SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com mander. K. O. T. M " SMITH. DR. L B.. Osteopath... 408-403 SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION SCO STARK. E. C. Etecuttve Special, Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Fntta.. Pa eoi STARR ft COLE Pyrography 403 STEEL. G. A.. Foreot Inspector. . . . 2' 3 STTTART. DELL. Aftorney-at-Law... 613-616 '" STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-703 SURGEON OF THE 3. P. RY. AND N. P TERMINAL CO 70S STROWBRIDGE. THOS H.. Executive Spe cial Agent Mntual Life, of New York. .. 408 SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE r! TUCKER. DR GEO F. Den BIO 61 U S. WEATHER BUREAU JKHt-WT-ftOI-OCO U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TIT DIST.. Captain W. C Laagftst. Corps of Engineers. U 3. A SM U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. . Captain W C. Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. V. S A .SH WALKER. WILL H.. FresMoM Oregon Camera Club 214-215 2l-217 WATERMAN. C H., CaaMer Mutual Lite of New York 4"1 WATKINS. Miss X. L.. Pttrcbaeing Agency 718 WEATHERRED. MRS. BOTTH. Grand Sec retary Native Daughters 716-717 WHITE. MISS L. B.. Aat Sea. Oregon Cam era Chlb 214 WILSON. DR. EDWARD N Phys. 4 Sur "04 3 WILSOJ. DR. GBO. F.. Ptrys. 4 Surg. . 706 7 '7 WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phys. 4 Surg 507 5U3 WILSON 4 McCALLAY TOBACCO CO Richard BwoWa. Agon 602 Ci " WOOD. DR. W. L.. Payeietefl 412-U3-4 WILLAMETTE VALLEY TBL3PB. CO.... 613 A few mere elesaat efflcen max 1 had by applying te Fertlaad Trust Company ef Oregea, 1M Third at., of tn the reat elerlc la the balldlaar. MEN NO CURE, SO PAY THE MOUEH., A PPLI ANCE A pnsi way to perfect mam d. Everything rteo falls. Tho VACUUM TR VT MENT CURES you without medicine t all nervous or diseases of the generative nrgnos, such as lost manhood, cxnaastlBK drains, rar co eele, fenpoteacy. eta. Men are avlckly restored a perfect health and strength. Write for etrtvhis. Carresponoene eonflO'n Mai THE HEALTH AfiJA.CE CO rooau 17-43 Sato Deposit fcttlldfas. Seattle. Wash.