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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 19, 1900)
THE MOBNING- OREGONIAIS, M02TOAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1900. h reflomcm lettered at the FcniaaUo at Perttead, Oregea. &C OSOasd-OlaaS WHHttftTi fSdltorUl Iteems....M8BBteesa Offlce..667 RKTX8BD 8TJBCRFTIOK RATHS. By Mail (postage prepaid!, to. Advance It r witbSundar. per manth .....$S 86 jtai j- Sunday excepted, fcr ;:...... 7 69 i:& ' with Sunday, ytrrttr . 8 00 I Si. ay per year ........ 2 9 The Weekly, per yoor. ...................... 1 GO I 'r,he Weekly ImmUh ........ M T City Subscribers Paijr per week. doMvot ed. Sundays exeepted.ISc iXi j per week. dauvared. guwaors teeiae4.2ee ""je Oregcnian deed set buy pes or stories ' r individuate, and aaaaet undertake te re- .u."- any manuaorista seat to K without e9Hdta- - No stamps should be teetesed for thta u-poe ers or alncusslnn intended for pubtteatloa In r e vegonlan should fee addressed invariably Z" t The Oraeoaiaa," not to the same of a ruidoaL Letters rrtatlnr to advertising. t jv rx tlons or to any business matter should I', ressed n1mplr "The Oregomas." Fuget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson. fet 1111 Pactac avenue. Taeoeaa. Bex 8S3, n pjstofnee. T&frrn Business Omee The Tribune holtd i'P New York eNy; "The Rookery." Chieage; t - 0 Beckwlth special agency. Hew York. r r sale In San Frandeco by J. K. Cooper. "43 Market street, near the Fateee hotel, and a j ismith Bros.. XM gutter street. r r sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co.. " earborn street. T AY'S WEATHER-Oosasionat rata; winds r aet to southeast. PORTXAXD, MAMMY, FSBRTJAR.Y 19 a costtihjtioxal question. President McKlnley is sold to hold 1r at 'ingress miy pass one tariff law f r Puerto Rico, another for Hawaii, flr 3 ftill another for the Philippine 1 ri3, and that all of them may be c "VT-f-nt from that of the United tie.'?. He holds, moreover, that "our z l'opnessioiM muet not he permit M t injure our protected interests," 1 i that free trade "Kith Puerto Bice T 1 rut injure them, because the pro Z t'e capacity of the island is so t -" ., , but this favor should not be xf nded to the Philippines, because f lr productive capacity is great t' jph we should not put the same L iff schedules in force against the Z ;pme Islands that we employ t -. rt foreign nations, hut should en s. t fr the Philippine products some L ! f modified tariff. 11 xs statement is not entirely author 1 ' r, though vouched for by the New T k World, which journal has It ti up-h Henry Loomis Nelson, its V.chmgton correspondent, wbxwe rep Va i n for trustworthiness is high. ""1 f report we incline to think substan 1 a y correct; for its statements are t ry rharacteristlc of the president, t ' ) likes to find ways of avoiding c P nite and positive policies, and prob r' will try in this business to keep cr rtiidd'le ground. There are two parts of this situation. - is the matter of expediency that is t j say, the question whether we can &r "d to discriminate in our tariff laws apa,irt the products of any territory It. nping to the United States, and R h i iher, if such be our policy, our sov- cr vfrity over the new possessions will r t be oppressive to them and there- v a curse. The Oregonlan has here t re expressed Its opinions emphat I an) on this point, and will not now ju-ue It. The other part of the In r ry is whether this discrimination ag mst the products of territories be i ' pmK to the United States would not 7 at variance with the constitution, cr v nether the supreme court will it t hold It so. Herein opinions differ widely, and on 1 h sides opinions from the supreme . t of the United States are cited. In r case, however, can any of these Ciimons be regarded as very direct. T r i he most part they are merely j'er dicta," 'perhaps wholly so. Ii herto, with us, national expansion tt s leen effected cMefly by conquest or ir hase of contiguous territory. Ac-C- "ltirn by external conquest or pur- se can hardly be said to present c" new principle. The president, how-'..-, is said to hold that the const! tu 1 n only applies to territory newly ac r red when It is set up by treaty or 1 legislation. But the treaty recently r v luded with Spain though It might t,.e provided for the admission as ter-i- ries of all the islands thereby ac ; rt-3, In the sense that New Mexico - 1 Arisona are territories, did not so X Mde, therefore congress is free to c I with them or towards them as It r ay see fit. This seems to us fanciful e- 1 far-fetched a theory Invented or en expedient adopted for a purpose. 1 at it Is not our design now to at t " rt an examination of the theory. T'uh evidently might he argued with- t end. Very probably the supreme c ...rt w 111 be called on to deal directly v h It. summaries have already been pre- y . d of opinions of tfc supreme court E i psed to have important bearing on V subject. In the case of Loughbor- : rh-s Black (quoted by the New York ' ion in a recent article on "Our Con- sts and Our Constitution"), grow- !'- ; out of an act of congress imposing reet tax on the District of Oolum- CMef Justice Marshall rendered an ion, in which he said: "The power, ' ' to lay and collect duties and ex- 9 may be exercised, and must be nised, throttghout the United "-Vta Doss this term designate the ,e or an' particular portion of the A - -rican empire? Certainly this ques- - ean admit of but one answer. It i 1 .- name given to our great repuoiic, , h is composed of states and terri- The District of Columbia, or territorr west of the Missouri, is 166 within the United States than -j.and or Pennsylvania, and is not : necessary, on the principles of onstitution, that uniformity in the sitlon of Imports, duties and ex should he observed in the one than the other." This would seem to go mst the opinion attributed to Pres - t McKlnley. certainly Is ln patible with the declaration of the irtty of the ways and means corn tee in the following paragraph: at the term United States in that x iston of the constitution which de es that all duties. Imposts and ex s shaU he tmiform throttghout the ited States, means and te confined the states that constitute the fed l Union, and does not cover also territorr lwtonging to the United Yet in support of the position as t .med by tho committee, said now to U sanctioned by tho president, an opin i n by Justloe Matthows (1 U. S.) is e'ed. Of oowras. however. It wlU be ItyisircaSr named with Mar - marked that Matthews as an author- shall. Nor does the citation from Matthews appear quite to fit the case. It was to this effect: "That question is no longer open for discussion" namely, that the United Staes has en tire dominion and sovereignty over ac quisitions. The government of acqui sitions regardless of their situs be longs primarily to congress, and to such agencies as congress may establish (18 "Wall, 319). Congress has full and com plete legislative authority over the peo ple of such acquisitions, territories or possessions (9 Howard, 242). All the discretion which belongs to legislative power is vested in congress in such cases (101 U. S., 132). These additional citations are made though on examination it cannot be said that any of them meet the state ment so clearly made by Marshall, and so exactly fitting the present case. Un organized territories are ruled directly by congress (29 Fed. Rep., 205; 14 Pet ers, 537; 18 Wall. 319; 136 U. S., 42; 139 U. S., 446). The civil and political rights of the Inhabitants of federal pos sessions are conferred by congress alone tt6 How., 567; 19 How., 372). j Con gress has power even to banish the in habitants of an acquisition, though the restraints of humanity and public opin ion would prevent it (8 Cranch, 122; 148 U. S., 366). The power of taxation is not even limited by the right of representation (5 Wheaton, 325). Much of this appears to have little relevancy to the subject. Marshall's searching analysis went directly to the point when he Inquired, "What Is meant by the term United States?" He was dealing: directly with the question of duties, which is the matter now under discussion, In relation to our new ter ritorial possessions. A point of Inquiry also is, whether, if congress authorizes for them what we know as territorial organization and territorial govern ment, the status will be changed, and the constitution then take effect. Even on this point the opinion of the ways and means committee Implies a nega tive. To this conclusion has the Inor dinate desire to "protect protection" brought the minds of men. If the pol icy and doctrine are sound we should shut ourselves up at home and never turn our eyes towards the sea. DISHEARTENING. The news from Washington is very discouraging. The Nelson interview must be true to this extent, that the president has begun to weaken as re gards the tariff problem In the depend encies. He even talks of denying the open door to other powers at our Phil ippine ports. The Hepburn pronunclamento is also very unsatisfactory almost humiliat ing. The idea that we should treat Great Britain cavalierly in this matter. Ignore the Clayton-Bulwer treaty and treat the' Nicaragua canal as a mili tary project, is provincial in outlook and medieval in spirit. As if this were not enough, the ad ministration shows signs of being in a panic through fear of adverse votes In sympathy with the Boers, congress Is afraid to do anything at all lest cam paign material be supplied the demo crats, and all plans for the Nicaragua canal seem to be thrust one side in order to permit its friends and foes to indulge in mutual recriminations over responsibility for its defeat. Those who want the canal neutralized accuse their opponents of defeating the whole proj ect by insisting on fortifications, and those who want it nationalized say the Hay-Pauncefote treaty will be its death. There are evidently some who would rather have no canal at all than have it nationalized, and others who would rather have none at all than have it neutralized. In this demorali zation of its friendly forces, the enemy makes good the opportunity jto step in and complete the rout. In another column we discuss the constitutional aspect of the Puerto Rico tariff problem. It is a question open to argument. But on the question what justice requires no argument Is possible. Puerto Rico had free trade with Spain now we propose to tax her paltry production in, order to pla cate certain protected interests, pre sumably on every quadrennial sub scription list of the republican party. It Is Indefensible. Who is to be enriched through this spoliation of the trusting people of Puerto Rico, who" gladly welcomed our sovereignty in the summer of 1S9S and have been Eittlng In poverty, ruin and uncertainty ever since? In 1S95 the Is land exported: Coffee $ S.789,788 Tobacco , MC,5oG Sugar 3,747.801 Honey 517.740 All other articles 1,927.613 Total ?14,C20,4W Who, then, Is to be the beneficiary of this rape of Puerto Rico? The cof fee trust, the tobacco trust, or the sugar trust, or all three? If this is not Inhumanity, what Is it? Another opportunity to do a great deed is In connection with1 the neutral- i lzation of the Nicaragua canal. A champion of nationalization says that if the canal Is not to be a military high way, there is no object In building it. No greater mistake could be made. The object of the canal Is a contribu tion to the commerce of the globe and the comfort of humanity. To make It a great, open, neutral highway, free on payment of charges necessary for Its maintenance, is a conception worthy of our best traditions and aspirations. To make It a mere national preserve is not only impossible, but, In the eye of enlightened mankind, contemptible. A world-wide calamity and a nation al disgrace will be denial of the open door at Manila. What will honest men everywhere have a right to think of us, if, after demanding the open door on the mainland of Asia, and receiving prompt and cheerful acquiescence even from Russia and Germany, we coolly proceed to close the door at Manila? Semi-official announcement has repeat edly been made at Washington that our requests relative to the open door In Asia have been coupled with the intimation that it was our purpose to confer the same freedom at Manila. What can the president be thinking of, to tell Henry Loomis Nelson that he means to disavow all that Secretary Hay has done In this respect and com mit us to the unspeakable Idiocy and infamy of double-dealing? The only right thing to do in these matters is to give free trade with the dependencies, neutralization of the ca nal and the open door at Manila. It could be borne If some reasonable and honorable compromise were made, looking toward complete justice a little later. But If the administration is go ing to give up the whole ground In de spair, and congress is going to fly in panic from Its duty why, then, we are simply not fitted for the role we nave 1 undertaken la the world. We are fit only to sit at home and hide our heads in shame at our Incapacity for broad policies and International relationships. MARTYRDOM FOR THE RIGHT. Publication of the correspondence be tween Mr. Henry Watterson, editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal, and the officials of the Lioulsville & Nashville railroad is a painful exhibit. It is es pecially painful to the newspaper men of the country. The Louisville Courier-Journal is. one of the high-minded newspapers of the United States. Its misfortune Is that It Is published in a community not worthy of it. It Is a journal of high intelligence. Therefore it has been an uncompromising gold-standard journal. But the democratic party, with which It has been associated, was and is far below it In the scale of Intelligence, culture and knowledge. The Courier Journal refused to support Bryan.- It lost Immensely thereby; for the narrow and intolerant type' of mind that sup ported Bryan and Bryanism boycotted It everywhere. Its position was one that enlisted the sympathy of all the large-minded newspaper men of the country. Through stress of the business situ ation, and as means of retrieval of its fortunes, the Courier-Journal ceased to fight the democratic party and turned In for support of Goebel, the Goebel party and the Goebel election law; or perhaps it would be more accurate and just to say that It supported Goebel and the Goebel party, In spite of the Goebel law, which it had most vigor ously denounced. It supported the Goebel party, moreover, In spite of the declaration of that party for free coin age of silver, which hitherto it had op posed; and Blackburn has been elected as a silver senator, as a result of that campaign, without protest from the Courier-Journal, though it had hitherto opposed him. Now we have this correspondence be tween Mr. Watterson and the officials of the Louisville & Nashville. Mr. Watterson's letter makes painful read ing. It has two features that are es pecially marked. One is the assertion that the Goebel ticket would certainly be elected, for under the Goebel law the result was not left to chance. The other feature is the disclosure of the fact that the Courier-Journal's course was decided by the opposition of other newspapers, which it was assumed were waging "a war of extermination" on the Courier-Journal. Having lost already the support of the democratic party, through Its course of rectitude, the Courier-Journal felt that it could not stand and ought not to submit to this new attack; so it went over to the Goebel faction, In the hope of reinstate ment in the favor of the democratic party. It has been, and it is, a hard situa tion for such a newspaper. The Courier-Journal, starting right, and pursu ing the right course with Intelligence and courage, had been casting Its pearls before swine, who turned to rend It Reconciliation with the Bry anlzed democratic party was necessary to prevent its destruction. So it was driven to the support of Goebelism. It is a situation that has for years ap pealed for sympathy to the honorable newspaper men of the country. It proves that no newspaper can be much better, much higher, in intelligence, than the community In which It Is published. An ignorant and furious party spirit will coerce, silence or de stroy it. Here is proof that the ques tion whether a newspaper will be able to maintain sound principles, or not, must depend very largely on its en vironment. Every intelligent, honora ble and high-minded newspaper must wish to be saved from the ordeal through which the Louisville Courier Journal has been compelled to pass, and from which, unfortunately, it is not yet clear. It is another case, added to the multitudes recorded in" history, of martyrdom for the right. . BACK TO THE COW. A letter from Albany, in another col umn, should be read by every farmer In Oregon. It shows the possibilities of dairying, from evidence derived from experience. Herein lies, there is the best reason to believe, the best source of profit to our farmers, many of whom are confessedly unable to grow wheat at a profit, with prices as they are now. The Oregon farmer seems to be turning to dairying; to diversify his in dustry, restore the fertility of his soil and balance his accounts. Dairying makes a smaller charge upon the fer tility of the soil than any other branch of agriculture, and nets the largest re turn for efficient and economical man agement. The difference between it and exclusive wheat-farming was sharply contrasted by Dr. James Wlth ycombe in an address delivered before the recent meeting of dairymen at Al bany. A ton of wheat worth $15 takes fertilization In the form of potash, ni trogen and phosphoric acid to the val ue of ?7 47 from the soil. This is a proper charge against the crop, as the fertilizers must be replaced by their commercial equivalents, the present market value of which is 7 47. A ton of butter produced on the farm is worth $500 and takes but 30 cents' worth of fertilizer from the soil. A ton of but ter nets the farmer S3 1-3 times es much as a ton of wheat, and taxes the fertility of the soil only one-twenty-fifth as much as wheat does. No part of the world is so admirably adapted to extensive dairying as that section of Oregon west of the Cascade mountains. Equable climate and abun dant food supply" enable us to manu facture a pound of butter or cheese more cheaply than our most active competitor, the Middle West But it must not be Inferred from the exist ence of these natural advantages that dairying is an indifferent occupation. It is a science which calls for watchful and kind treatment of animals and reg ularity and uniformity in milking, feed ing, weighing, testing and marketing 365 days in the year. Neglect soon re sults In impairment of the capital in vested, which is followed In its turn by failure. The first essential is a herd of the best cows of lanre milk flow and richness of butter fat The second is economic feeding, which is the ground work of profitable production. If pos sible, the food charge per cow, per day, should be kept close to 10 cents, or $36 50 a year. If the farmer will give to dairying the care .and attention it demands, success will attend him; if he cannot do this, his success will be prob lematical. Aside from the present movement, dairying has made rapid progress in Oregon in recent years. In 1S99 we produced enough butter for home con sumption and had 300,000 pounds for ex- Dort Manufactures of butter and j cheese Increased from 52,097,436 In 1897 to $2,307,070 in 1898 and ?3,172,247 in 1899. Milk production other than that used in making butter and cheese, was valued at 51,693.000 in 1897, at $1,825,000 in 1898, and J2,2a7,222 in 1899. Total val ues of butter, cheese and milk were 53,790.436 in 1897, and 51,132,070 in 1898, and 55,459,469 in 1899. While these fig ures mark only the beginnings of ex tensive dairying here, there is satis faction in the fact that Oregon is now an exporter of dairy products. Its principal market is in the neighboring Pacific states, but the time Is not far distant when it will be supplying a large Asiatic demand. Dairying development has special sig nificance for Portland. Here will be located the large creamerlca and tho transportation lines will bring thou sands of gallons of cream from the skimming stations along their routes to this city to be manufactured Into but ter and cheese. It will not make a whit of difference to the farmer wheth er he sells his cream to Portland or to some place nearer his farm. The profit to him will be the same, arid small communities will be saved the expense of operating costly creameries. The in dustry will be centered at the point where the cost of manufacture can be reduced to the mlnlmlum and where the facilities for distribution are best. Portland1 is that point. A process By which wood can be ren- ' dered fireproof has, It Is claimed, been discovered, and letters patent upon the discovery have been applied for. A substance, which embodies the discov ery. Is to be applied to the surface of the wood to be used for building pur poses, and absorbed Into the substance of the material through suction, by means of a vacuum. Wood that has been thoroughly dried after being sat urated with the chemical compound, of which alum Is understood to be a con stituent, has refused to take fire. Tex tiles, it is well known, can be made fire proof, one of the common sights at fairs and exhibitions being that of a young man applying lighted matches to apparently combustible articles which blacken in the flame but do not burn. The feasibility of the process is not. therefore, in dispute. The question is simply in .regard to the cost of treat ment. Should it greatly Increase the cost of wood as a building material it Is not likely that it will come into gen eral use either in making furniture and house fitments or in building materials, even though immunity from destruc tion by fire Is thereby assured. Still there will be a wide field for its em ployment in the finishings of large and expensive buildings the structural ma terials of which are brick, steel, Iron and stone; in public halls and courts, where valuable documents and records are kept, and possibly In the lighter finishings of great and costly ships. The value of fireproof timber in such construction is apparent. With the in creasing use of stone, brick, steel and Iron in modern architecture the danger from fire has been greatly diminished, and if the wood that Is necessarily used in the construction of our homes, fac tories, shops and offices can be ren dered non-inflammable by any process that is not rendered prohibitive by rea son of its cost, this danger can be still greatly reduced. The silver dollar has its uses, even in bulk. A bank in Tcnawando, Pa., was recently threatened with a run by de positors, who had become suspicious of its solvency. The officers of the Insti tution were prepared for the emergen cy, however, and when the crowd had gathered a teamster drove up In front of the bank and deposited three bar rels on the sidewalk. These, when opened, were seen to be full of silver dollars, which the clerks carried Into the bank In baskets, and the anxious depositors were invited to step up, pre sent their certificates and get their money. That settled It. The run ceased immediately. It is said that the only protest made before the senate committee against free trade with Puerto Rico came from tobacco-growers of Connecticut. This explains Senator Piatt's resistance to free trade with Hawaii. It Is an offense against the smokers of the whole coun try. Puerto Rico tobacco is bad enough, but when it comes to discrim inating against It in the name of the Connecticut imitation, It is time to complain. What we really ought to have is real tobacco let In free from Cuba, and a law compelling the Con necticut, farmers to smoke their own weeds. We could not fortify the Nicaragua canal without the consent of the states through which it is to pass; and it is most Improbable that they wouldr give their consent to an act that would so derogate from their own sovereignty. Besides, they are under treaties with European nations which would for bid them to make that concession to us. Some of our extremists boldly say that we ought to cut every objection short by seizure of the states of Nica ragua and Costa Rica and annexation of them to the United States. It Is pretty certain that occupation of the Orange Free State by the Brit ish armies will tend to recall that state's troops from the Boer alliance and bring them to their own homes. They will desire to return to their farms, look after their property and save what they can. Hence the an nouncement that they are returning al ready in disorganized squads to their farms Is what might be expected. Nobody will greet the news from South Africa with more genuine joy than President McKlnley. Every bat tle the Boers win means a few less votes for him in November. 'Fought to a Frawle." Army and Navy Journal. General Lord Wolseley will have a bet ter opinion of "Mr." Grant's method of war after he has had more experience himself in that line of business. General Grant when he took command of tho Union armies. In May, 1S64, dealt with a problem similar to that which now per plexes the English military commanders In South Africa. He had before him an active and vigorous enemy, holding Inte rior lines and able to concentrate against his detached command almost at will. He kept them so busy all along the line that each individual commander found that he had all he could do to take care of himself without assisting others. Ap parently General Roberts has reached the conclusion that this is the way to deal with the Boers, who are able to stand off the detached British columns solong as they are acting independently. This plan of warfare means hard and persistent fighting and a long list of casualties. Be cause he pursued It and pursued it to a success, General Grant was called a butch- J er. As a matter of fact he lost fewer men than those sacrificed by previous commanders In the same field, who failed where he made a triumphant success. We commend his experience to the British officers In South Africa, They will find it profitable to make a careful study of the campaigns of Grant When the army of Boers Is "fought to a frazzle," as Long street said the army of Lee was, just previous to the final break-up at Five Forks, the end will bo at hand. The Eng lish forces are apparently occupied in preparation for an aggressive movement all along the lines, but their plans have not yet developed. If they are as persist ent as Grant was, they will succeed as he did. e MIVART AND THE PRIESTHOOD. The Church "Bars Invasion of Faith's Domain." v The old position of the church was that theology is not to be Interpreted by science, or formed upon or modified by any light of science, but that science is to be taught only in the shadow of theology, and it must be admitted that this old. theory has not been wholly given up, even yet By the controversy between St. Georgo Mlvart, the eminent scientist, and the Roman Catholic hierarchy, in Great Brit aln, which has led to his being denied the sacraments, despite his profession of the Catholic faith, the old conflict between dogma and Individual judgment has been brought into prominent notice once more. Dr. Mivart's offense appears to have been his assertion that laymen of the Roman Catholic faith were changing their opinions or rather widening them on matters of faith, and were distinctly exercising a critical power of judgment on the exposi tions of the priesthood. He appears to be engaged in the effort so frequently made and which has failed with equal fre quencyto reconcile the position of the church with the development of modern science. In old times short work would have been made with Dr. Mlvart, but to day the church simply puts Itself on what may be called the controversial defensive. Its position toward Mlvart is thus 'set forth by the Republic, a Catholic publi cation in Boston, in an article plainly writ ten by an ecclesiastic. This is the sub stance of the exposition: The Catholic church believes that the power of guarding the doctrines of faith Involves the power of animadverting- on the conclusions of scientific Investigators, when ouch conclu sions touch on faith's domain. Though a na tion does not own the waters of the sea or the vessels of a- foreign power, still she exer cises control over such vessels as soon as they come into the waters that lie around her shores. The government of the United States does not own an Inch of territory in Venezuela, and yet it will not allow any other nation to take a section of that republic. la like manner the church does not Interfere with scientists till they begin to push tiieii- conclusions into her territory. It 13 only when they menace tho in heritance of faith that has been placed in her charge that she bids them withdraw, in the exercise of this authority she at times "uses her infallibility. At times she does not Stie dio. not use it in the case of Galileo, nor did she use it when sho put some of Dr. Mlvart'e theo logical articles on the index. We should indeed feel sympathy Tor the distinguished scientist Jt some of his scientific writings had been condemned. But it is hard to feel sym pathy for a scientist whose theological investi gations have been censured by a. board of trained theologians. a o c MAGELLAN AND MONROE. Error of Those Who Oppose Neutral ization of the Canal. New York Press. If the Monroe doctrine Is to be invali dated by the neutralizing of the Nicar agua canal, then the Monroe doctrine la invalidated now by the neutralizing of the Straits of Magellan. The two bodies of water one potential, the other actual will occupy under, re spectively, the terms of tho Hay-Pauncefote treaty and the general law of nations, precisely the same relation toward our selves and our doctrines. Each will be an arm of the sea intersecting a portion of New World territory under a quasl-pro-tectorate (or what is left of it since ex pansion) of the United States, but not in United States territory. Each will bo, as the one now Is, a means of communication between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States. Now, if the Monroe doctrine la to be abandoned by the free passage of the world's shipping in time of war through the one, it already has been by such passage through the other In re peated times of war. If we surrender the Monroe doctrine by granting, as a conse quence of our pledge of the neutrality of the canal, tho right to foreign nations to enforce our neutrality, we have already surrendered the Monroe doctrine by con ceding the neutrality and the right to en force the neutrality of the straits. Un doubtedly we do concede that right "We should not dream of closing the straits In time of war, no matter how much to our advantage the fortunes of war might ren der such a course. We should not be cause the straits are a part of the sea surrounding the Western hemisphere. That is what the neutralized canal Is to be, and if the power to close it to traffic Is essential to the continuance of the Monroe doctrine, then the power to turn every foreign keel, not only from the Straits of Magellan but from every wave that washes the shore of South America, Is essential to the continuance of the Mon roe doctrine. The mental processes which would apply tho doctrine to this treaty are those of a reactionary mandarin. a The Professor's Discovery. Chicago Times-Herald. Professor Snooperlelgh, the great arch aeologist, bent over a curious looking stone that had just been found at a depth of 33 feet below the surface of the city, Evidently it had been hewn out by hu man hands many, many centuries ago. Upon one side were five clearly defined characters. It was there that the pro fessor, after adjusting his spectacles, bent down to examine. Who could tell? Perhaps the history of the pyramids had been found at last Perhaps the veil was about to be lifted from the past that was old at the dawn of human history. It was possible that the professor was about to place his name upon the list of Immortals. "Ah," he said, rubbing his hands to gether, and addressing tho young woman who was assisting him, "this Is most ex traordinary. The stone, I should say, at a rough guess, belongs to the period of the 19th dynasty. But to the characters. I must get to work upon them. Where is my key?" "Why, professor," said the young woman-, "it isn't necessary to have a key to discover what those characters are. The first is a small t The second Is M. The third Is W. The fourth t again, and the fifth H. Here, let me write them off for you 't-M-W-t-H.' " The professor gave one awful look ird then, with a frightful yell, fled, crying: "Great heavens! The Man With the Hoe again!" a Goebel and Taylor. New York Press. About 10 days before the assassination of Goebel a Kentuckian in New York, who is acquainted with numerous desper ate characters In the Blue Gross coun try, said to me In the presence of several members of the Mug-House Club; "Neith er Goebel nor Taylor gives a rap for the commonwealth of which they prate so much. Both are brave, bold, headstrong men, fired with ambition. There can be but one result Goebel will be shot first then some of his partisan wi'l V 11 T lor." Half of his prediction has come true. Taylor Is a roaTked man. m c Woman Suffrage Experience. Boston Herald. It Is noted that In 1890 woman suf frage bills were defeated In the legisla tures of Massachusetts, Maine, Connecti cut Vermont Illinois, Oklahoma, Arizona, I Indiana, Missouri, Michigan and Calif or- nla. Woman suffrag&a&mendmeats to the constitution were also defeated by votes of the people In 1S88 in South Dakota and Washington, the latter state havtag had a law in operation to that effect while It existed as a territory. The Issue Is to be tried before the people in Oregon in June, and it is significant that an asseckitkm of women has been formed In this state to oppose It The same kind of effort la be ing made in New York and in Massachu setts; in fact, our woman suffrage friends ore looking upon this latter as a rather favorable symptom. They prefer to be treated In this way rather than to encoun ter a refusal to take their enterprise se riously, such as indifference to It has in many cases shown. 4 c THE KENTUCKY LESSON. It Should Be a Lesaon Against Parti san Unfairness Everywhere. Tho democratic party, having carried the state of Maryland again, Its extrem ists in the legislature are making an ef fort to "fix" the election laws so as to hold their partisan advantage and pre vent the state from going against them any more. But there are conservative democratic members who refuse to be driven into the scheme. The Washington Star commends them, and brings forward the Kentucky lesson; thus: Ambitious politicians, willing to go to ex tremes to accomplish party ends, would do well to study the Kentucky lesson. The election law In that state which preceded the Goebel law was fair and Just. It worked well for many years: Certainly the democrats had no good reason to complain of it, for they were In power under Its operations continu ously for more than & quarter of a century. But when they lost the state, through their own divisions. In 1805, and again in 1SS6, the extremists among them, with Senator Ooe-bel for leader, instead of trying to reunite the party, took advantage jl a. success achieved In 1897. which gave them the legislature, and passed an election law, framed for no other purpose but to return democratic majorities. The measure was so flagrantly partisan and "unjust, and eo in defiance of the rights of the people, that some of the severest denunciation of It came from democratic sources. The law in operation has justified every word of condemnation spoken at the time of Its pas sage. That Mr. Goebel did not receive the certificate of election to the office of governor was not due to any defect in the machine ha had constructed, but to two of the men he had selected to operate it. Had they obeyed him, as he thought they would, he would have tri umphed even over the majority against him that had been shown, at the polls. But, as men of conscience and character, they refused to perpetuate the outrage, and Mr. Goebel then turned to the legislature for what these two officials had denied him. The best friends of the state are those who advocate the repeal of the Goebel law arid the enactment of one which shall insure free ballot ami a fair count. It Was a Good Answer. Ida Husted Harper tells of a girl stay ing at her hotel, who was not only beau tiful, but educated and clever. A hand some fellow was paying her devoted at tention, whenever he was sober enough to do so, and all the guests felt very anxious lest his attractive manners and lavish display of wealth should win the girl. One evening late she come Into Ida Hus ted Harper's room, and settling herself among the pillows of the couch, said: "John proposed tonight went down on his knees, said I was the only power on earth that could save him, and if I didn't con sent to be his wife, he would fill a drunk ard's grave." "What did you say?" asked Ida Husted Harper, breathlessly. "Well," she replied, "I told him that I was not running a Keeley cure; but If he really wanted to be saved from a drunkard's grave, I could give him the address of several which I had beard highly recom mended!" London Clubs. London clubs ore far cheaper than oure. The initiation fee In the most exclusive and fashionable never exceeds. J2!Q..w.hlle the highest dues are only $75. Only one charges so much as that the Turf Club. Tho range among others is $50 and $S5. With the Royal Yacht Squadron things are different. The Initiation fee is $300 and the annual dues are $55. The most expensive clubs ore those of the army and navy and the universities. For In stance, In the United University the In itiation fee is $200. to the Oxford and Cambridge it Is $200, In- the Navy and Military $200, the Junior United Service $200, the United Service $160, the Army and Navy $200. o Snccessrol Journalism. New York Times. The foundation principle of successful and respectable journalism Is this: The newspaper must be managed with an eye single to Its own Interest and must serve only public ends. Used as an In strument of any private design or am bition .not tributary to its own prosperity, it suffers In character and value. It suf fers If It be employed to exploit a fad, to grasp a nomination, or to help a. spec ulation. To the man who Is born to bo a Journalist, and is fit for the business, the success and good name of his journal are higher than all of these things. o Leodlnff Universities. The latest catalogues of the 10 leading American universities show their respect ive registration figures as follows: Har vard, 5250; Columbia, 3720; Michigan, 3346; Yale, 2oSS; Pennsylvania, 2651; Cornell, 2645; Wisconsin, 2025; Chicago, 1680; Prince ton, 1144; and Johns Hopkins, 632. Har vard also has the largest academic depart ment with 1SS7 men. Cornell leads in scientific students, with 705. Columbia's registration In medicine, graduate schools and teachers' courses Is greatest, having 767, 383, and 356 students respectively. o Good Suggestions. Kansas City Journal. Tho proposition of Augustus Van Wyck that the democrats ignore the money question in their platform is a good one. They should also Ignore anti-expansion, anti-militarism, anti-protection and anti corporations, and come out strong in fa vor of night schools and free bathhouses. B Thcry Know Their Weakness. San Francisco Examiner. The chief obstacle in the way of se curing election of senators by the people is that there are so many men In the senate who could not have got there If they had hod to go before the voters. a To Find Ont Who's Who. Chicago Record. "All this wranglln' In Washington about social precedence Is ridiculous, don't you think so?" "Yes; society's rank ought to be settled by civil service examination." - i.i So Entered. Philadelphia Record. "Shall I choige up the amount the cashier skipped with to profit and loss?" queried the bookkeeper. "No," replied the head of the firm; "put it down under running expenses." o Not ns He Realized It. Yonkers Statesman. Yeast Your wife says she was shut up In the house, yesterday, all day. Crlmsonbeak Well, she was Indoors all day, but I can't say truthfully she was shut up. 8 Graciously Granted. Catholic Standard and Times. "Ah!" he sighed, "may I not hope that you will be mine forever and forever?" "Yes," she repHed, softly, "you may hope that long If you wish." 9 ' More to Bis Advantage. Chicago Record. "Dickey, people should live to help one another." "Yes, ma; bu I'd get more pie 'I you'd let me help myself." NOTE AND COMMENT. Mosey tana, but of the buolaoua. Sk It has no mooosoly does Bryan, The reeurreetSon iay Jsc Britten, gen erate' reputations aln at haoa. Smallpox patients vay look sympathy. but they are usuolly pitted the sasw. A popular eaadMats omn easry a ward, no matter how heavy tho vim m It may be. If the saws keeps eomhag the wwy it did yesterday. tk Boors win hawe to hire a praes eonoor. He kwged Ht the lomt Mala Tfea&l ts Befco3 a And s he stanalgfttwar west a get Speaking of wealth, a aoermooiident suggests that Prizefighter Jost oogfct to be able to f urates, ail the ohm fceefes that are needed. An application for a ohteook, made la this oelumn Saturday morning, brought prompt response. Yet some proteoa there Is nothing in aavorttsmsr. An ex-prizeftgbtor wishes to soggest that as Dudley Bvans appears to be what he calls a rank quitter, and bis se-oaltea fights might more properly be caUea lakes, he should devote his attention to the useful art of driving a dray or work ing 'longshore. This thing of advertis ing a prize light and then "lying down' to avoid being punished, the ax-member of the prize ring says, Is an imposition on the unsophisticated portion of tho groat American pubifc, who pay thalT coin to see at least'' a sparring match. This may be a pertinent suggestion, but It is not likely to be well received by Mr. Evans, who, however small his stomaeh may be for fighting, he must provide for it, and going through a spell of training and dodging tho ight supposed to tottow Is & much easier and more remunerative business than driving dray or working 'longshore, as it Is said Evans poekoted as much for making an exhibition of him self as he could legitimately omra la a year. There has been seme- aaattared scrapsta' Is the proviaee f Albay, Aad the Maanaelniootte Junta sends sot yams lets every day. 'While ole Fettlgrew te vtwW m the dak an blosdy war. And te spotted when, he gets winded fcjr pa thetic walls from Hoar. But while savages te ftgtota' for ttMfc- aoootry and all that. We would like to ask ooe ooeattM, where la AgutaeMs at? We were tcid that Nke a martyr, he wM held oa uate death. And would only erase Ms ngMM' wea ho turned up short ' Meant; That hte noMe love of fnoitepn was the sort that never quit. And when aekd If he'd swTewder. he would answer yrofnpttar "nM." But the eattse that he woe lmJIa pcoma to he a-falUa' Sat. And his generate te asktn', "Where Is Agul- nakie at?" Now the Mameohuoette Jvt& to a olrautattn' traets. Sett In' forth that he's a. hera, wMafc. te stretch la' ef the feats; Per a here keeoa or SgMta' waea he's up agaiest the gaaM. Though he'3 Haked la evefy fcaMto. he keesa flgbtfo' t the 3iimn And if thte here Fttifrtae was wpoood stutt like that AU his friends wmn aet be aakta', "Where la Aguiaalde at?" With the sprinkle of snow and tho fall of the mereury arrived tho pretty robins, those welcome harbingers of sormg, who come Into the eity looking for crumbs about doorways and berries In the gar dens. Of late years, since foreign song birds were introduced here, more atten tion has been paid the birds whteh haunt the city and nest hi the gardens, and they are becoming tamer and more fa miliar year by year. In many placoo about the cKy robins and ether birds have nest ed season after season and have had every consideration and proteeUon ex tended to them. Even the boys who used to throw stones at birds have, through the admonition of parents and teachers, eome to appreciate the pretty tittle songsters, and now offer them no violence. Those on a block where a pah of birds build their nest take an interest nt thorn and are pleased to see them at home m their gardens or yards, picking up crumbs or skillfully capturing the early and late worm, at the same time keeping a sharp lookout for dogs or oats. When snow covers the ground, many remember to throw out more crumbs for the birds, and think of tho old aoog, "Remember the Poor," which begins: "When poor Robin Redbreast approaches the cot, and tho Icicles hang at the door; when the bowl snvskes with something savory and hot, that's the time to remember tho poor." A certain Washington-Street store has: been maintaining a telephone free to the use of their customers, and, in fact, of any who wished to use it. Tho ac tion was a noteworthy exception to tho general rule of solnsaness that prevails almost universally in this world, and the effect of tho benefaction Imoreeeed the wayfarer in the same way that a free library does or a public drinking foun tain. But anything, so bright and good as this is too good to last. People who stepped up to the 'phone Saturday to inquire how the sksk ones at home wero getting on 01" say When Vkkf would bo home for dinner wero greeted by tho siren at "central,' saying, "drop your nickel, please." Some hong up tho 'phono and with it their faith In disin terested benevoienee, but It is to be feared many had not the moral courage to do this, but yielded up the nickel and tried to look pleasant. Tho excuse given for the change hi that many persons abused, the privilege, but what tho true reason is will probably bo known only to tho proprietors and tho soulless telephone corporation, whose withers must bavo been wrung every time It reflected on the nickels It was losing through tho free telephone. A man gets very little in this world without paying lor It, and What little he does get somebody Is ly ing awake nights planning te heat him out of It 9 The Lien's "Whelps. Queensland (Australia) Sfewa There te scarlet on his farohoaa. There are sears across Ma Jaoe Tla the Weedy dew at hane drlpalng dews. driaotag down. But the war heart of the Uaa, Turaa to Iron, ia its place, Whea he halts to face dim star, waea he teres to neet dtegraea Stug and keen and mottled wftfe the nfe-Moed of Ms owa, Let the huntevs 'ware who soot Mm Whan he eatls ate whelps afcaut Ma, When he sets the goal aofare Mm and he settles to the pace. Tricked and wouadedf Are we heatea, Though they hold our stcangon at ofay? We- have faced theee tfatngo unnunmuj, teas? ago, tea? aga. From stmttt Sydney barber And ton thousand mites wjf. From the far Canadian nwraots to the saonds of Mttford hay. They have answered, they have awfoa, and we know the answer now. From the Britahw sua as these. Strewn across the world-wide seas. Come the ratty and the fcwgfe aete thai: make tts one today. Beaten! Let thorn, eome against us. We eaa meet them one and an. We have faeed the world aferottmoo, not a valR. not ht vate. Twtae tea thousand hearts he widowed. Twice tea thousand hearts mar Ml, But a mlWoa veiees antiwar: We are ready tor the all. And the sword we draw tor Justtoa shan sot see Ha sheath again, Ner eur annnan aaase to rounder j j , 14, waetps are mm mm as tho old sag; over an." TJH we break their strength aaunder