THE MORNING OREGONLAN, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1000.
5
WOMAN AND HfcR WORK
sohq6l ghhsdrbjf who govern
themselves.
They Have Their Otto Mayor sad
City CeHHoil, and Make
Their Ovrn Laws.
The theory that It Is best for school
children to govern themselves Is just now
recetvtag & practical demonstration In
New York city. Philadelphia, Chicago, St.
Paul and San Francisco. The system In
use originated with the Norfolk-street va
cation school of New York city, where,
In July. MW, more than 1009 children un
dertook this responsibility, and with great
success, as the past year and a. half have
shown. This was the first experiment of
the kind In the schoolroom.
The pupils were all constituted citizens
of the QUI school city, says Lucy A.
Yendes. la The Chautauquan. A mayor,
common council and other officials were
elected or appointed by the children. The
school city was divided into boroughs,
and the e&eens were elected and the de
partments worked la the recular way.
Each class was an election district, and
equal rights and responsibilities prevailed,
no dtettocttoR as to sex being made, either
lor the privilege of voting or holding of
fice. Primary elections were held for the pur
pose of selecting delegates to the city
convention. At the election each class
cast Its own ballot; and, after the Instal
lation of the officers, the mayor of the
new school city appointed the heads of
the executive department, and the mem
bers of the same. The board of health
appointed Its own Inspectors; the commis
sioner of ponce selected a chief, a cap
tain tor each class, asd pollcemeno The
Judges named a clerk of the court, but
the board of health was made up of Its
president, a teacher, and the commissioner
of police.
The city council lost no time in drawing
up Its own laws, but being new to the
business, it was not etrange that the
other juvenile citizens found those rules
and regulations too stringent, and prompt
ly vetoed them. Advice was then sought
from every known source; and in the
multitude of counsel wisdom was found,
according to established precedents, and
& modified form of the oode was adopted.
As a mere matter of study, it is inter
esting to see Just what heroic measures
the children first tried to enforce, learning
then and there the Important lesson that
the pubttc rauet first be educated to the
plane of life for which any laws are en
acted, or the' will soon become nullities
which may be worse than no laws at all.
Here are some of the "department" reg
ulations: Street-Cleaning Lan.
First It anybody throws any paper or eidns
la any part of the school, a charge will be
ma4e wMch will he brought before the Judge
and a puntohraont be given accordingly.
Presumably fruit skins are all that are
referred to, as the school Is situated in
that part of the oity where orange and
banana stands are greatly In evidence,
and there seems to be no record of any
attempt at punishment; but brevity was
gained la the expression of the thought,
even If it was done at the expense of lucid
ity. SeeeeA If any oee Is caught defacing or -n
any way eeetrorlcg the property of the city,
whtah Is ptaeed la the school, a charge of ex
pulsion will be brought.
Astheattendance at the vacation schools
Is purely voluntary, this really meant the
deprivation of a privilege, which would
not in all Instances have been true of the
regular session pupils. Most school boards
will agree that the miniature officers tack
led an important problem, although they
dM net Xulty solve At.
Thtr K any eflleer shall Sad a bey or girl
defacing the sidewalk In frost of the school,
a efcarg win be brought.
Health Laws.
First The one who Is not suitable in cleanli
ness, when Doming- to eoitool, will be compelled
to pick up all paper wasted during the day.
Second If any one continues coming unclean
after receiving two warsings, a charge for ex
pulsion will be Biade.
Third If any oae has any disease that the
teacher dees not know anything about, he will
be expelled.
Fourth U any one throws any garbage on
the ctalrs or la the yard, he will be expelled.
Fifth Is any oae comes to school untidy, a
paper will be pinned on his dress, which will
state the punishment.
Crude though the expression of these
laws was, they hit not merely hit at!
some of the prevailing school sins; and
when the revised code was adopted. It
was seen that the experiment of self
government was not only practical, as
sisting materially In the management of
the school, but it also gave active work
In the future duties, which as coming
citizens of a larger municipality they
would all meet. Not only so, but a large
Influence, of a healthy nature, was
brought to bear on the parents through
these same little citizens, and the good
work of the first Gill school city spread
to the homes and places that pass for
"homes" of the larger city. Careless lit
tering of streets and. pavements was pre
vented when possible, and brought to the
notice of the proper authorities when it
was not. Nearly SW bonfires were stopped
by the youthful members of the street
cleaning vdepartmeat. about a third of
which would have made holes in the as
phalt pavement that would have cost from
$5 to $t each for repairs.
As the term drew to a close, the youth
ful mayor of the first GtU school city,
wrote to the mayor of the great parent
city (Hon. "William Strong) Inviting him
to be present at the last meeting. Two
small bar "couriers" bravely and prompt
1) bore the message to his honor, who as
bravely and promptly left the heap of
official papers In which he was engrossed
to call Ms carriage to take him to the
scene of action, where his titled "name
sake" was dispatching the business of the
miniature attar within the greater munici
pality. A thorough investigation was
made of the object, plan and methods of
the school city, and Mayor Strong be
came from that day an earnest friend of
what was then practically only an experi
ment, albeit a successful one, so far as
could b judged from the limited trial
-which had then been made.
A charter has been formulated by the
Patriotic League and Mr. Gill, which Is
but a guide, to be used with such modifi
cations as will adapt It to the needs of
any school. The work may be taken up
as a part of the regular programme and
conformed to the charter of the township
or municipality where one school is lo
cated. Local organisations will find am
ple scope for the settlement of details
according to their own circumstances or
pleasure, and the league will supply
copies of the charter on request.
The Oill school dty is not a mimic gov
ernment, play or moot government, but
downright serious work in self-government
by the children, under the guidance
of the teacher, who gives up none of her
vested rights or authority, but who is
helped by it almost as much as those for
whom It was primarily intended the ohll
dreftas It is a government of the pupils,
by the pwntts, and for the pupils.
AARLT CLUB MKHOIUHS.
Humorous Recollections of Twenty
Yoars Age.
The following letter, from a newly ar
rived resident, win no doubt voice the
reootlectlone of many a pioneer dub
woman, who is now able to see the hu
morous side of old-time dub life. She
say:
' As a newcomer. I have been very much
Interested m the eh movement that Is
sweeping Mke a wave over your faet-de-velnptng
ntate, and an Interested reader
of Its progress noted in your columns
under "Woman and Her Work.' I am car
ried back to club experience In the '70s,
m a small Eastern town, where we had
no advantages of libraries, and no great
newspaper like The Oregonlan to klnday
open its columns, so we could voice our
needs or record our success. A few of
the principal women of the place resolved
on forming a club for self-culture. We
met to organize and unite on a course of- J
study. Clubs were not common things
then, and we had no help In the experi
ences of others, hence our schedule of
work was somewhat diffusive. For instance,
after some debate, the president having
Cushlng"s Manual before her for refer
ence as to parliamentary order, we ac
cepted the proposition to study by cen
turies, beginning at the Christian era.
Some aspiring ones thought that too su
perficial, as In that case we skipped all
the time from the creation to that period,
but a conservative member suggested that,
having finished the Christian era, we
could go back to the creation, and,
after that, review the later period. Th.s
remark poured oil on the troubled waters
and we at once proceeded to map out
the course of study to be pursued.
"Bach century was to be studied under
the different heads of history, philosophy,
science, literature, art and religion. This
seemed satisfactory, even to the most am
bitious, and the faces of all gleamed with
the fire of courage, as we prepared to
attack the bristling centuries. Our pro
grammes were stupendous. All the en
cyclopedias were searched and every great
event noted. If space would permit I
would give one as a specimen. "Well, we
went to work In earnest. Subjects were
assigned and papers prepared. I remem
ber one on 'Boethlus and H's Consola
tions of Philosophy,' was 40 pages of legal
cap. All listened respectfully, but we
knew very little more of the 'Consola
tions after hearing It read than we old
before; nor were we greatly consoled by It
"This searching of encyclopedias, his
tories, etc.. and then condensing and re
hashing the facts found, continued for two
or three years. The centuries crew
heavier with facts as they widened, and
we weaker in energy and Intellect In our
unequal struggle with the giants. I won-,
der. In looking back, that we kept to
gether In our work or lived through this
period of labor and dry detail, but we
did, and better times began to dawn upon
us. A new and progressive member.
bringing a breeze of freshness and orig
inality into our neavy, mecnanical work.
euggested that we change our method.
ana, instead of elaborate essays, would
take the subjects as topics and give brief
talks on them.
" 'We can never do It,' said the most
voluble of our members. 'Let us try,' said
ono of our quiet ones; 60 we resolved to
make the trial.
"I shall never forget that first 'talk
meeting of our 'Century Club'! I had
a topic, In a small way, entitled 'Erasmus,
Zwingle, Melancthon, Knox and Calvin;,
Their Lives and Labors.' You see. we
had 'done 15 centuries, and were now
struggling with the 16th and the Reforma
tion. I first wrote out these worthies
and tried to commit them to memory; but
I found It was easier to commit them to
the Tombs, for they absolutely refused
to stay where they were nut. Then I
made brief notes as references. This was
better, and I found Knox kept clear of
Erasmus in this way, and Calvin no longer
elbowed Melancthon. The eventful day
came, i need not say there was no sleep
the night before, or if I dozed from sheer
exhaustion: all these sturdy reformers ap
peared In dusty habiliments pursuing me
with medieval weapons and ogre faces.
Bear m mind I was not the only vic
tim of this new experiment. The entire
16th century, including the 'Reformation
and "causes which led to the Reforma
tion,' was to be done at one sitting! This
was divided Into nine topics, and so there
were eight 'talkers' besides myself. With
my notes In my hand and my heart In my
moutn, l went to the hall. Such grue
some, sepulchral faces you never saw as
the victims of the occas'on presented. The
other members had, as spectators, a cool
critical and complacent look, which was
maddening.
The first speaker on "Causes Which
Led to the Reformation' belntr tardv.
'Martin Luther wa6 called for. This being
unexpected, the poor woman began with a
trembling -voice, having a glass of water
beside her for stimulant. Luther Ignomin
lously failed for once In his life, and hU
champion dissolved In tears and hyster
ical sobs. This was encouraging. The
'causes' coming In just then, reassured us,
and a few words were said on this sub
ject with some degree of Intelligibility,
but afterwards the speaker said her mouth
and throat seemed full of dry cotton.
"Of my own effort, the less said the
better. I know I walked, around the en
tire block to fortify myself before I had
strength to climb the stairs which led to
the hall. What I said, or what I did, I
could never recall. I was In a dazed, al
most unconscious state when I finished,
and trembled as though I had a chill.
"We persevered, however; each time the
'talk -was easier, and we proved that "It
waa far more Interesting and self-helpful
to make the given subject our own, put
ting into It our own thoughts and words,
than to be encyclopedic. It Is needless
to say we never went back to the crea
tion. "At that early day we had no more con
ception of what the 'woman's club was
destined to become than we had of the
practical power of electricity; and as I
read the club news and discover the grand
work of unity In federation, the ground
covered "by wisely planned study, and th
systematic work accomplished, I can only
compare the club of my early reminiscence
to the slow, heavy movements of the old
stage coach In contrast to the swlft-glld-lng
automobile.
"We found by experience that we must
have more books, and as there was no city
library, we at our own- expense sent for
the books we needed. The malls were
slow and uncertain, and often the anxious
ly expected volumes upon which our hopes
depended for these essays did not arrive
until after the essay was due. In fact,
It was a difficult thing to make connec
tion between the book and the essay, and
required great skill In engineering. This
trouble led to the formation of a 'club
library' a most excellent one In time
which has since been given to the town
as a nucleus for a free library, number
ing today many thousand volumes, housed
In a beautiful library building, the gift
of a generous and progressive citizen.
Thus the little seed sown In weakness
has grown to be a tree of strength.
J. B."
Interest in Domestic Science.
The president of the state federation
writes from Pendleton as follows:
"The Thursday Afternoon Club spent the
time at its last meeting In the discussion
of such questions as the best practical
method of carrying on Its educational,
school library and other regular work.
The dub immediately responded to the
drcular from tho library committee of the
Woman's Club, by having it published In
the local papers. It has also taken action
on the question, 'Shall we have a com
mittee on domestic science or household
economics, In our state federation? and
answered In the affirmative. An after
noon will be given soon, an open meet
ing, devoted to a study of this subject, one
that, 60 far, has been somewhat neglected
on the part of our clubs.
"The Parliamentary Club Is also to have
an afternoon for the purpose of gaining
some Information about domestic science,
and has its committee already at work
on the programme.
"From the Neighborhood Club, of La
Grande, a correspondent writes that the
domestic science proposition, as a depart
ment of state work, created quite an In
terest, and the club will most likely add
such a department to Its Individual club
work.
"So we may be counted 'in the proces
sion. "
Women' Clnbs at North Ynklmn.
The Twentieth Century Club was organ
ized at North Yakima last week by Mrs
F. C Hall, chairman of the state dub
extension committee. The following la
dles assisted in the organization: Mes
dames Blanker, Barge, Adair, Coleman,
Clark. Steward. Shannon. Miller. Toble,
Walker, RIgg, Giddlngs, Macdonald,
Krutz, Larson, Bell, Miss Barge and Miss
Blanker. The following officers were elect
ed: President, Mrs. M. Blanker; vice
president, Mrs. H. B. RIgg; recording sec
retary, Mrs. Coleman; corresponding sec
retary, Mrs. W. A. Bell; treasurer, Mrs,
J. E. Shannon; librarian, Mrs. Alex. Mil
ler. Tho membership was limited to 25.
The dub will meet every other Monday
until June. North Yakima women are
very enthusiastic club members. They
have had a woman's club for several years
past, which is In a flourishing condition,
but Its membership is limited to 50. ' It
was considered better to found a new club
than to Increase the membership of the
old one.
Library a Stntc Institution.
Oregon women who are planning for the
forthcoming state campaign favoring free
libraries, will be interested to hear that
by act of the last legislature the circu
lating library has become one of the state
Institutions of New Jersey. The library
commission has decided to buy 20 libraries
of 50 books each for circulation In the
state, to be under the control of the state
CAROLINE
NEWLY-ELECTED PRESIDENT OF WELLESLEY COLLEGE.
It must always be remembered that men and women are not a different order of beings.
They find, their fullest and completeet development together. The order of nature does not
change, yet nature's law Is grovi th. and with that growth the position of women has changed,
and -with that change the cultivation of the Individual becomes more important. The problem
Is not simply that of bunging children Into the world, but what kind of children shall be
born, what kind of a mother shall be educated; or, If the highest development of motherhood
is denied her, how shall ehe take her place in the world, a useful and honored member of the
community, hailng children of her spirit? For, I take It, tne eternal feminine Is simply this:
It Is the power of love, which ha9 Its throne In a. good woman's heart. Call It altruism,
if you like; call It the mother-oense, found a phllcejphy or a system of speculation upon It
It la simply this endlets capacity of love and devotion, which Mary of Bethany showed
when she sat at Jesus' feet.
"The eoul Is the supreme power al-najs. To enlarge Its kingdom, to bring warring ele
ments under Its control this Is the supreme task of education. Intellectual knowledge Is o
much dead matter until it Is vitalized by a union with the soul's wisdom. Caroline Hazard,
newly elected president of Wellesley college.
librarian and sent out to communities on
application. Each community must pro-
vide a trustee and librarian, pay J5 an
nually for the use of the books, and guar
antee to replace all books lost or de
strojed. Preference will be given to com
munities too small to support public libra
ries. All the libraries are loaned for six
months and exchanged at the close of that
period. In connection with tho free lec
ture courses of the New York board of
education, loan and reference libraries will
be provided this year. The books select
ed -will be those that bear directly on the
subjects of the lectures. Formerly text
books have been loaned to attendants at
these lectures. It Is now proposed to es
tablish In "lecture centers" libraries of
standard works, to be open, to adults in
the evening. Last year the lectures were
attended by over 500,000 people. It Is be
lieved that the open libraries placed direct
ly In connection with the lectures will
greatly Increase their value to the hear
ers, and develop the reading habit among
the people.
Tree Ceremonies at "Vnssar.
At 4 o'clock on the morning of February
10, while the freshmen were peacefully
sleeping, the class of 1902 at Vassar held
their tree ceremonies. At the appointed
time groups of red-coated amazons, with
helmets and shields, gathered silently
about the big elm between Strong hall
and the main building, amid the weird
gleamings of a multitude of red lights.
They formed in a drele and softly gave
the class cheer by which the tree Is se
cured to the class, and then proceeded to
hold their Impressive ceremonies.
The songs and speeches were followed
by cheers for the class, which were echoed
from the main building by 1902's sister
class, 1900. Then the party adjourned
to the gymnasium, where the ceremony
of knighting the sophomore class took
place amid much laughter. Then the class
dispersed. The most remarkable thing
was that during all this time not one
freshman appeared on the scene, and this
was a success that Is unparalleled In the
history of the college.
They Don't Want Women.
The first step In the war to be waged by
the organizations of the building material
trades council, of Chicago, against the
employment of women in factories has
been taken by the metal-polishers' and
buffers' union the only one In the coun
cil, whose membership has to compete
with women laborers when they called
on the manufacturers and demanded that
no more women be employed. One reason
given for the war against woman labor
is the protection of the health of women.
The manufacturers say the work does not
Injure women's health more than men's,
and that precautions are taken to pre
vent unhealthful conditions.
The statement that the women con only
work for a short time is denied by the
manufacturers. No fewer than 2500 wom
en are at present employed In these facto
ries. Illumined.
Such a starved bank of moss
Till that May morn!
Blue ran the flash across
Ylolets were born!
Sky what a scowl of cloud
Till, near and far.
Ray on ray split the ehroud.
Splendid a star!
Earth, how It walled about
Life with dlsrac.
Till God's own amlle shone out
That waa, thy face'
Robert Browning.
A Scathing Criticism.
A small boy has vrritten to the school
board of London complaining of tho prize
he received In school. He states that it Is
"Rigid Kipling's 'Jumble Book.' It Is a
dream about snakes, and father says It Is
only suitable for a man who drinks."
Current Literature.
A Bis Family.
Mrs. McCanty An' ye've raised quolte
a big family, Mrs. Murphy?
Mrs. Murphy (with pride) SIven polace
xaln. Mrs. McCanty. Tlt-BUs.
PLAN FOR RANGE LEASE
LET HOMESTEADERS HAVE LAND
ADJOINING HOMES.
Get Families Settled Through, the
Gracing? Region on Terms That
Will Induce. Permanency.
SALEM, Or., Feb. 16. (To the Edtor.)
The letter of Mr. J. S. Churchill In The
Oregonlan of February 14, against range
leasing, Is well entitled to attention for his
comprehensive view of the question. It Is
particularly interesting to the writer, be
cause from the same vicinity In 1SS1-2 the
suggestion was made through the columns
of the Times-Mountaineer that congress
should pass a grazing homestead law, un
der which to Induce settlement of such
lands. I was passing the winter near
where the Sisters postofflce .now Is, study-
HAZARD.
Ing the'cflmate for health purposes, and
believe all and more than Mr. Churchill
says In Its favor. But living &t oil pre
cedes the question of healthy living, and
my estimate then was that a grazing
homestead on the desert from the pine
belt, in the edge of which the Sisters post
ofllce and schoolhouse Is, should contain
at least three sections of land. Of course,
no man writing from there could get a
minute's notice from a member of con
gress from the Eastern states on such a
proposition as giving 1920 acres of the pub
lic domain at the cost of the office work
for taking proof of entry, occupancy and
making out the deed. Yet I am satisfied
that means of fixing family life on those
lands Is Infinitely better than leasing It to
capitalists who live In cities and by their
domination through agents drive men to
desperation. No one likes to allude to
the dead In any way but kindly. So men
are killed in the range country, leave rich
connections and little Inquiry Is mode Into
the cause of the killing.
The Oregon swamp land law was an In
famous law brought from California by
copy, and It brought men from California
to buy swamp land who never spent a dol
lar In Oregon business channels, and who
did all they could to prevent the settle
ment of family life In Southeastern Ore
gon. Let a leasalaw be passed giving the
opportunity to secure the use of these
lands, without limitation as to quantity,
residence therora and improvement of them
and Mr. Churchill's conceptions of their
value will never be realized to the state
or nation. They will, instead, become
more a nursery of crime and reckless
violence than they have been.
What, then, should be done? The water
courses contiguous are already covered
by private ownership. Give a conditional
leaso of adjoining land to the owner of
any homestead containing water sufficient
to extend irrigation into it, to insure the
means of Improvement which should In
all cases include Improvement for stock
raising purposes.
This is not the conception of the writer,
but is indorsed as the best that con be
hoped for under the almost impossible con
dition of getting the grazing homestead
of the size suggested, which would en
able a homesteader on the Crook county
desert to get water by artesian well, as
I understand has been done at Prineville.
The plan suggested 13 not for nonresident
limitless areas. It is found In the report
of Hon. Elwood Mead as state engineer
and president of the board of control of
the public waters of Wyoming for 1893-6,
who summarizes it as follows:
"Firstr The grazing lands should be
leased, not sold. The limits of Irrigation
are not yet fixed, and public control should
be retained until further experience Is
had as to their proper and ultimate dis
posal. "Second Make the leasing privilege, an
aid to reclamation and a means of en
hancing the security and, profits of farm
ing:. "Third' To do this, give each settler and
cultivator of 100 acres the right to lease
a certain area of grazing land, contigu
ous to his home, If possible; if not, wher
ever it can be had. Give to the culti
vator of less land the right to Jease a pro
portlona'tely less area, but fix the maxi
mum area which any individual con lease.
This will tend to encourage small farms,
since the cultivator of 1600 acres could
lease no more than the cultivator of 160
acres.
"Fourth Make the annual rental a
fixed sum, and prohibit competitive bid
ding. Make the rate low to enable those
leasing lands to improve them and profit
thereby. Five cents per acre is believed
to be too high a rate. One cent an acre
Is the rate recommended.
"Fifth The maximum area leased by
one individual should be based on the ratio
of Irrigable and pasture land; four sec
tions of grazing to 160 acres of cultivated
land Is believed to be the proper propor
tion in Wyoming. This' would give each
cultivator of 160 acres the use. of 2560 acres
of pasture land for an annual rental of
?25 60. Such a system would absorb only
a fraction of the grazing land, less than
one-fourth at this time'
Such was the plan of this broad-minded
state officer for the relief of Wyoming
five years ago. though only) intended as a
tentative means of encouraging Individual
energies to make permanent homes in
that state. It failed to recommend itself
to the public mind of the state.
The laws "of Australia provide an op
tional lease to run 15 years, with the
privilege of purchase at any time on terms
named in the lease, and if the occupant
Is unable or unwilling to acquire the land
In fee, he is entitled to compensation for
improvements effected, which the govern
ment pays and charges to his successor.
Ownership, to begin with, better suits
Americans, and either a sole at low rates
or lease at low rates ought to be resorted
to with the least possible delay, as re
sources are of no value unless they are de
veloped. I have faith that a modification of Mr,
Mead's plan for Wvpmlng lands to the
conditions of Eastern Oregon is practica
ble if congress can be informed as to
what is best, not only to moke the grazing
lands of Oregon a nursery of such soldiers
as followed Roosevelt to Cuba, but to
cover the whole range country with the
homes of such men. What is the price of
such lands to this nation as compared
with the planting of permanent homes,
secured and guarded toy law, instead of
the present competition and strife for the
last'blade of grass of nature's planting?
The most pathetic sight I ever saw during
many trips through that country was a
worthy couple leaving their homestead
entry on the east flank of the. Three Sla
ters, after 11 years of effort to live by
horse breeding. "I could have done fairly
well if I could have had control of my
range," was the reply to my question as
to what would have prevented a failure,
whi,ch compelled a worthy couple with
four children and little else, to return to
the little town in Western Oregon which
they had left as a newly married pair 12
years before. Sell, lease or give the land
to settlers on conditions that will induce
permanency and improvement, and the
Sisters will, In a few years, become a,
town from causes noted in Mr. Churchill's
letter. JOHN MINTO.
PORTLAND LETTER LIST.
Persona calling for these letters will please
state date on which they were advertised.
February lf. They will be charged for at the
rate of 1 cent each.
WOMEN'S LIST.
Aldrlch, Mlsa Mamie
Arvldson, Mrs Lena
Arnold, Mlsa Vera
Averlll. Mrs S H
Baker. Mlsa Cella
Baldwin. Mrs Inez
Baker. Mlsa May
Kernan, Mrs Hattle
Klely. Miss Nellie
Kirkley, Mm Mary
Kirk. Mrs Bessie
Kucderly, Cora
Lane, Mrs M J-4
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A. B. CROASMAN, P. M.
Brynn Can't Abandon Silver.
Omaha World-Herald.
"It is strange that politicians like Mr.
Cockran cannot understand that appeals
to Mr. Bryan that he desert a principle
In which he heartily believes would be
idle appeals, even though defeat was the
certain consequences. Mr. Bourke Cock
ran will be heartily welcome to the temple
of democracy. He cannot, however, dic
tate terms. He knows what the party
principles are today, and he will not need
a diagram to determine what the party
principles are in 1900. If he Is opposed to
Imperialism he can hope to fight imperial
ism only by voting for Mr. Bryan. The
Chicago platform will be reaffirmed, with
a more explicit plank concerning trusts
and an, equally explicit plank concerning
imperialism and militarism. Blmetalism
at the ratld of 16 to 1 will be lra that
platform as conspicuously as It was In
the platform of 1S96.
Q
A first-class tearoom, artistically dec
orated, has been opened by a London
railway company at Euston terminus for
women and children, to enable them to
obtain light refreshments without enter
ing the bars.
THEGOEBELELECTIONLAW
HENRY WATTERSONS PHOPHEC1ES
AS TO ITS DIRE RESULTS.
He Severely Coademaed the Measure
Wfeea. It Was Pea din--; Before
the State Le-glslatHre.
The Goebel law was severely condemned
by Henry Watterson, of the Courier-Journal,
when it was pending before the Ken
tucky legislature. He predicted that so
vicious and partisan a measure would
bring trouble, and his prophecies have
been in great measure fulfilled. His
strong editorial on the subject was printed
almost two years ago, on February 26,
1S93, and it has special interest now, when
the democrats axe offering to repeal the
Goebel law If Governor Taylor and others
will surrender the offices to which they
wero elected. A3 Colonel Watterson has
been a steadfast friend, of Goebel, h-s
forceful words are now the more note
worthy. The editorial follows, in. part:
"Tho people may well stand aghast be
fore the revolutionary election bill which
has like some dread monster suddenly
emerged from the fastness of passion and
error through which the legislature has
been threading its tortuous way. It is
safe to say that the annals of free gov
ernment will be sought In vain for any
thing approaching It In shameless effron
tery and unconcealed deformity. The
records of reconstruction furnish nothing
to compare with it. The Brownlow des
potism In Tennessee was considered toler
ably reckless and tolerably thorough in Its
day. But the Brownlow despotism at its
worst ventured upon nothing so boldly.
wholly bad as this.
"In all the force bills meditated by the
radicals In congress during the dark days)
of reconstruction there were discernible
some pretense and pretext, some linger
ing memory of republican Instincts and
traditions. Even in the plebiscites ot
Louis Napoleon there was the outer dis
play of a just electoral process and pur
pose. Tbto force bill gives the voters of
Kentucky not a ray of hope. It makes
no claim or show of fairness. It places
exclusively in the hands of three irre
sponsible persons, to be named by the
authors of the measure Itself, the entire
electoral machinery of jthe state. That Is
the whole of It, In one word, and at one
fell swoop, Kentucky Is to become the
subject of a triumvirate, which Is to de
cide who shall hold office and who shall
not. Nominally the people are to be per
mitted still to go through the form of
election. They are to be permitted still
to vote. The ballot box Is not actually
abolished. But the triumvirate in each
and every case to cast uy returns and
determine the result.
"Like Caesar that was ambitious, Goebel
wants to be governor of Kentucky, and
he sees, or he thinks he sees, a ready
chariot to bear him thither In the electoral
bill that bears his name. Woeful, though
not irretrievable mistake; for, granting
that with the machinery of this bill in his
hands, his ambition may be, probably will
be, gratified, what should it profit him
If he gain the rulership of the universe
and lose his own soul, and along with it
his good name, as the slayer of civil
liberty?
"Mr. Goebel is a young man. He is an
aspiring man. He Is an able and a brave
man. May we not, as a friend and without
prejudice or misconstruction, tell him that
there is something better, higher, nobler,
even than the governorship of Kentucky,
and that is the love, the respect, the
homage of good men and women. Were
It not wiser to wait until his time has
come and to take his chance fairly among
his rivals than, armed like a bandit, to
hold up the people of the state, and after
a brief unhonored revel in office to pass
from the scene discredited forever? In
case of a disputed state election, it Is
a question whether the state courts
would not throw out the law as uncon
stitutional. Assuredly, the act itsslf, if
passed, might be declared as "an act to
deprive the commonwealth of Kentucky of
a republican form of government," for.
whereas, most force bills have preserved
the outward forms of republicanism, th's
bill defiantly creates a three-man power;
under a one-man rule, as odious to llb-
erty as the directory In France under
Barras, or the consulate after Napoleon
had captured the country, as Mr. Goebel
seems to have captured the democratic
party machinery. Such measures always
react and rebound. The brood of evils
they Invoke always comes home to roost.
The suggestion of so reckless a resort Is
a confession of weakness. It is an open
declaration that its authors dare not
meet the people face to face and in the
open. It Is the resurrection out of the
depths of Infamy and disgrace, where the
people laid them, of worn-out and cast
off radical methods and policies, and their
application to the supposed exlgenc'es of a
faction of democratic politicians who pro
claim themselves to be, except for thi3
device, both Impotent and bankrupt.
"This monstrous usurpation of power
needs no explaining. It Is so simple a child
may read and understand it. But no
power can stop It unless tho people of
Kentucky, not yet wholly lost to liberty
manhood and self-respect, arise in their
majesty, and arise at once, to call off the
maddened dogs of war whom passion and
faction have let loose at Frankfort, end
who. having had a taste of blood, would
rend the eagles that guard the common
wealth limb from limb, leaving the people
only the bare and worthless bones."
MARRY A FARMER.
Th Advice Given by An Iowa Woman
to Yonner Girls.
At a recent meeting of an Iowa far
mers institute held In Columbus Junc
tion. Mrs. O. P. Smith, of Wapello, read
a paper, In which she urged the young
girls of today to marry a farmer, and
im J1?1? 5? wisdom which she In
stilled Into that address Is very pleasant
after all of the foolish talk one hears of
the burdens of the farmer's wife. Mrs.
H.m UA.Is the daughter a farmer, and
the wife of a farmer, therefore none can
say that she does not know what she Is
talking about She goes Into details in
the matter and gives seven reasons for
her position cm the subject. First, a
girl dwells fondly on the hope that she
will be surrounded by an everlasting
love. Mrs. Smith claims that the com
parative Isolation of the farmer and his
wife makes them grow more and more
all the world to each other, and "the
close commingling of the household and
form work knits their lives into an en
dearing comradeship which metaphysi
cians have analyzed as a rarer, finer de
light than love's young dream." Sec
ond, the girl pines for a home of her own,
and undoubtlaTy tho Ideal homo exists
in the country. Home in the city may
mean elegance and luxury, but in
the country it Is solid comfort and
there is no sham about it. Third, the
country life brings one perfect health,
and without health there can be no hap
piness and love either in married life or
out of It. Fourth, there Is the comfort
of life on the farm, "for the farmer is
alwayB at least sure of his living, if he
Is a man of energy," and unless he is a
man of energy you do not wont him for
a husband. The fifth reason is that the
country is the best place in the world
for rearing children, and the sixth is
that the farm life presents unequaled
opportunities for mental development.
Mrs. Smith claims that the farmer's
reading table is supplied with more and
better literature than Is the library of
the average man In the city. In conclu
sion, Mrs. Smith says:
"Lastly, let me say to the girl of the
perldd, who may sometime contemplate
marriage, let not the hackneyed cry of
'drudgery and no society deter her from
accepting her lover because he happens to
be a farmer. Remember that life any
where Is what you make It. Bring to
the farm your own Ideals. We are told
the Ideal is the bread of the souL Be-
ware of betag dohtdnd
yr swicr m m ry vmsm or otxa
the -aeigMorlag farm. In ttne you can!
give seven times seven good reasons wt
ye are glad you chose as yen did. r&
Izteg that aa all-around growth of man
heed and womanhood has continued. And!
ycter Me In depending upon his law
aaa ah ereatnres has made yon feel th&tl
yen nave seen God. And. with Edwin
Markbam, yon will count it good fortune!
te a bob to draw Into his mind the calm
sanity of the reeks and to distil '.ntoi
his heart the color and odor of orchard!
bieosa. As he walks over the great aeldej
we strength of the ground arises into
his body and the glory of the sun dei
scenes Into his soul.
There le much wisdom m what Mr.i
Smith says, and we doubt If any one can 1
refute her statements. Of course, the
farmer and his wife have their burdens, j
but who n all the world has not?
RECEHT ACCESSIONS.
Xew Books Xevr en the Shelves ef the I
Portland Library.
The following books have recently been
pteeed on the shelves of the Portland!
library:
Fiction.
Barr Was It Right te Forgive?.... BT1 W
Bullock The Barrvs B97B-S
Child An Unknown Patriot CO O i
Couch The Ship of Stars C831
Crawford Via Crude CSW V
Harte Mr. Jack Hamlin's Meditation
H2KX3
Howelts Their stiver weddhur Jour
ney. 2v H837 TV
Hunt The Human Interest H918 HI
Jokai Poor Plutocrats J671 PJ
Llghton Sons of Strength L04.S
McLennan In Old France and New
M33S I
Macauoid A Ward of the Kin.. .MM3 W
Norris Moran of the Lady Letty N7S2 X
Pemberton The Stgnors ef the Night
Roberts The 'Colossus'.'..'. ...".'."..", R543 C
Shlpman DArcy of the Guards. ShM D
Slenklewicz Knights of the Cross 9118 K
Slee Dr. Buckley's Discovery.. S125P D
Williams The Adventures of & Fresh
man WS73 A,
Winter A Name to Conjure With.W734 I
Yonge The Herd Boy and His Hermit
YS3.H3
Javenllc.
Carey My Lady Frlvel t JCUBM2
Doubleday Cattle Ranch to College
JD748.C
Drysdale Helps for Ambitious Boys .
gMDM
Foote-The Little Flgtrse Stories JF73S U
Holden The Family of the Sun .J6K.4H71
Kirk Dorothy and Her Friends JKSM D
Lang Red-Book of Animal SKories J398L2S
Mother Goose 9 Nursery Khymes. Ills,
by F. Opper j39SMSSm
Page Santa Claue's Partner ... JP145 a
Smith The Young Puritans In Captiv
ity J8m68 Y3
Stockton The Young Master of Hyson
Hall jSttt Y
Twombley Hawaii and Its People.
1919 WTO
Weed The Insect World 3596 TWa
Youn? Winter Adventures of Three
Boys in the Great Lone Land. . J Y84:W
Sociology-
Baker Monopolies and the People. 388.88
Dole The Theology of Civilization 304D
Eaton Government of Municipalities 362E
Gilman A Dividend to Labor. 381 0
Hall Things as They Are 304H,
Harris Psychologic Foundations of
Education . 370K
Herronr Between Caesar and Jesus 3MK
Maclay A History of American Priva
teers 35934
MacManus In Chimney Corners. 398. 3M
Mahan Lessons of the war With Spain
3ac
Washington The Future of the Ameri
can Negro 336W?
Why Women Do Not Want the Ballot,
2v 324 3
Wyndham Queen's Service; or. The
Real "Tommy Atkins" 366W
Travel.
Bancroft The New Pacific 919B
British Africa. (British Empire Series
916B
Bullen The Log of a Sea-Waif. . . 910 4B
Earle Child Life in Colonial Days.
917 3211
Hearn In Ghostly Japan 915.2H
Johnson Among English Hedgerows
914.2J
Mclan The- Clans of the Scottish High
lands 914.1M
Man Pompeii; Its Life and Art 913M
Steeveps In India 915.48
History Literatare.
Fitzpatrlck The Transvaal From
Within 9BF
Latimer Judea From Cyrus to Tltue.983L
Lee Principles of Public Speaking
8085L51
Neuf eld A Prisoner of the Khaleefa
962.N
Terhune More Colonial Homesteads
9732T
"Van Dyke Fisherman's Luck... 81SV28
Wlllson The Great Company. (Hud
son's Bay) 9TL3W
Winchester Some Principles of Liter-
ary Criticism . H.WTa
a
MR. BRYAN'S LESSON.
Some Useful Things He May Perhaps
Learn.
New York Work".
In his Carnegie ball speech, Mr. Bryan
said:
However positive, hewever emphatic I may
be tonight in the expression, of certain, ideas, X
recognize the faHnXUty of the hunaa Intellect
I recognize the fact that I star be wrong! and
others may be right. I reeerve the right to
speak and think differently when I am con
vinced that I am wrong.
This is the most encouraging utterance
that has come from Mr. Bryan during hla
visit to the East. A polrticial who Is so
dogmatically sure he is right that he will
not look facts in the face or listen to the
voice of reason, is a very unsafe leader
Even more sure to come to grief is the
man whose pride of opinion is so strong
and whose devotion to consistency so
great that he would "rather be wrong
then be president."
As Mr. Bryan avows himself to be open
to conviction, here are a few facts that
he might profitably consider:
First No national convention has ever
reaffirmed a platform four years old.
Every convention has adopted a new dec
laration, suited to the Issues and the needs
of the hour.
Second' The Chicago platform did not
come dowa from heaven, graven on tables
of stone. It was an emergency measure,
drawn by calculating politicians, to per
fect a fusion. The emergency has passed.
The platform failed. The fusion has dis
solved. Third As all nations know more than
any one nation; and a majority is wiser
than any one man, Mr. Bryan Is demon.
strably wrong in bis adhesion to "free
silver at 16 to L" Every commercial na
tion in the world has abandoned It. The
American people have rejected and con
demned it in six successive elections.
Fourth Every presidential candidate of
whatevr party has heretofore deemed it to
be bis mission and his duty to lead his
party to success, if possible. Mr Bryan,
as a "Jackson, democrat'' wrote to the
World a week ago, is "the one roan
known in; our history who has determined
to be a candidate only on a condition that
shall make his election, absolutely impos
sible." Why the condition upon wftich Mr.
Bryan insists a conttr-aed advocacy of
the futile and fatal fallacy of 16 to 1
would render his election Impossible, the
World has shown by facts of political his
tory, which are indisputable and have not
been challenged. But this mathematical
demonstration has called forth from Mr.
Bryan only the lofty assurance that con
sistency is more important than success,
and a repetition of the feeble jest that
"free sliver has been buried ao many
times that another funeral does not
frighten us."
But what about the democratic party?
Does that enjoy the prospect of "another
funeral"? Shall the only chance to stop
the spread of militarism and monopoly,
to restore the government to the confines
of the constitution, to re-establish the
principles of the Declaration of Independ
ence, be sacrificed to Mr. Bryan's desire
to ride his silver hobby-horse?
If Mr. Bryan is really teachable, as he
seys, is not the lesson plain before hhn?
e
Will positively cure sick headache and
prevent its return. This is not talk, bat
truth. Carter's Little Liver Pills. One
pill a dose. Try then.