THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1900.
DRAINED BY WHEAT
Valley So Impoverished
Goctfinuous Crops.
by
ATTENTION TURNED TO DAIRYING
Promt ft (Seed Cews if They Are
Xa8gtd Aeoerdlgr te Modern
Smtaeti Methods.
ALBAJRT, Or., Feb. JR. la years gene
by no JaaeosMHiHt that was MM OHt Is
lntanolttg settletp was ostMieered Com
plete witfaont the assertion that the sell
of the 1ttUasaett vatier was "practically
InexhasMSMe. The Arst settlers, sur
prised by the large crops that
came from successive cultivations,
and even without cultivation, read
ily believed that there -was no limit
to the productive capacities of the soil.
Hen who cane here in comtparatively re
cent times farmers whose experience had
taught them that no soil Is Inexhaustible
followed to the error of the pioneers
until It was accepted as an article of
faith to Oregon that no matter what
crop were raised, nor hew many times
the same crop was raised on the same
area, the Vitality of the soil could not be
impaired. Thirty years ago the average
production of wheat, per acre, in the
Willamette valley, according to Captain
J T. Apperson, of Oregon City, was 26
bushels. Tteldg of St bushels per acre
were not uncommon. Captain Apperson
r ell remembers the time when he would
not thank any man te guarantee him. 30
or 4 bushels to the acre from, volunteer
wheat. This was K years ago, when the
soil was new and continuous planting had
Dot affected its efficiency.
Sett Impoverished by "Wheat.
There is another story to tell now. Con
tinuous crops of any kind will drain any
soil, and continuous crops of wheat have
impoverished the soil of the Willamette
valley. Instead of the average of 26 bush
els per acre of years ago, we have
fallen to the average of less than 16 bush
els Few estimates go above that figure
and many are below rL Some say 16
bushels, and Professor G. W. Shaw, of
the state agricultural college, has a large
following In Ms assertion that the average
does hot exceed "tt bushels. At 12 bushels
to the acre there Is no profit In exclusive
wheat farming at the present Portland
'quotation of Valley wheat, which is 68
cents a bushel. One acre nets the pro
ducer 16 X gross, and 1W acres, $686 gross.
Out of this maximum return the farmer
must par ail the expenses of the farm,
Including- cost of seed, food and clothing
for himself and family, and interest on
his debt if his farm be mortgaged. These
expenses leave the farmer very little of
his 636 gross when the accounts are bal
anced at the end of the year. At best, he
has had but scanty living, and he may
consider himself lucky if exigencies have
not forced him. further to increase his
debt by second mortgage, if hi6 land will
stand the additional burden, or by run
nine bills with the butcher, the grocer
and the dry goods dealer.
More harm has been done to Oregon,
the Willamette valley in particular, by
the absurd boast that the soil would nev
er give but than has resulted from any
other cause or combination of causes. It
is responsible for that condition which is
ariously denominated as lethargy, lazi
ness, indifference and "too much content
ment." Equability of climate and re
sponsrrenese of soil combined to make
the gaining: of a livelihood an easy mat
ter in this valley. All that was necessary
was to plow and harrow the land, har-
est and -haul the wheat to market This"
process demanded energetic toll for a few
months in the year and the remainder
of the time was idled, when it could have
been devoted to any number of purposes
which would have stopped waste and re
turned profit. Few thought of replenish
ing the soil; few deemed this necessary,
end ther who looked to diversified farm
ing as a remedy for agricultural evils
could be counted on one's hand.
"Oenciemsles of the Sell.
It Is a. mistake to say that any soil Is
Inexhaustible; it amounted to a crime te
say that there was no give out to Wil
lamette valley soil, for the logical effect
has bean wheat planting year after year.
Nearly IS per cent of our soft is of the
red aAd variety. Oar soils, whether red
or black loam, are deficient m lime and
potash. Oar soils never were very strong
in potash, because the parent rock from1
which they were formed is not strong in
It Besides, the heavy rains wash away
25 per cent of the potash. This loss Is
t nstfthtly going on whether the land is
reducing crops or not. Unoerdralnlng
v ould prevent much of the waste of pot
ash. Me country needs underdraining so
badly as Western Oregon. An essential
fact Is that the vitality of the soil can
be icstored only with oomtnerclal fertil
isers. Leguminous crops are only a tem
porary relief. They cannot keep up the
fertility on the side of potash.
The impoverished condition of the soil
and the consequent unprofitableness of ex
clusive wheat production have directed
attention to diversified farming in general
and dairying as the branch that promises
the heat returns for the best management
and the wast depletion of the soil. Tears
ago an effort was made to develop this
industry, bat K. was not successful be
cause wheat-growing was still a profita
ble and easy method of making a living.
Then the Dairymen's Association grappled
with the problem and all but failed for
lack or Interest in its organisation and
in Its work. Change of agricultural con
ditions has been followed by change of
sentment m regard te uairylng, and this
years masting of the association at Al
bany was the most successful gathering
in behalf of the Industry ever held in
Oregon. The Indifference of former years
gave way to enthusiastic interest. Every
paper read was closely followed, and the
speakers were overwhelmed with ques
tions concerning general and technical
details of management. The disposition
of afl was to learn all that there was to
be learned and to apply the knowledge
where It will do the meet good. In many
respassa, the meeting- was one of the most
important industrial- gatherings Oregon
has rer known. It marked the line of
desseromtion between old and fossilised
systems and hew and modern methods;
the aeflalei departure from exclusive
wheal fft owing, te tversMed farming.
SmeecM In Dairying:.
Quests iandalrytag depends open three
L iSjifjV fhetota whfeh meet be co-ordinate.
These are: 01 Oows that will give
the Iskhest per cent of butter fat. cou
pled with the largest flow of milk. (2)
Oarer! managessent of the herd every
day In the year, (a) Pi od action at a cost
which will admit of profitable marketing.
The selection of the herd Is all keeer
tant. One speaker at Albany saM that
the erdenary eew, under proper oeadl-
tions, is the most profitable for the be-'
ginaer in dairying, but his position- is not
oonnrmed by experience. It costs just as
much to feed a poor cow as a good one,
and there is no denying that a good cow
nets larger returns than a poor one. The
main Idea is to make a good beginning,
and this cannot be done with scrub stock.
It is absurdity for farmers to stock up
with cows which they knew the first milk
weighings and Babcock tests will prove
to be unprofitable. The dairyman should
endeavor to build up his herd with cattle
that are considered thoroughbreds, and
having once selected a breed, he should
"stick te It." Scrub cows are not entitled
to consideration in modern dairying.
Many recommendations might be
grouped under the head of management
Principal of these Is the utmost cleanli
ness about the cattle, their attendants,
the stable, the dairy and all utensils.
Cews should be milked at the same time
every day and by the same persons, Feod
should be carefully compounded, and
given at the same hour every day and
la abundant quantity. Cows should be fed
all they will eat up clean, but such gen
erous feeding should never be Inaugu-1
rated after they have advanced far in the !
period of lactation, because in that case
they will not materially increase In flow
of milk, but will begin laying on fat,
which ts objectionable. The reason cows
should be fed all they will take is that
they must first be provided with enough
food for bodily maintenance, and the more
they will eat over and above this, the
more they will have available for conver
sion into milk or gain.
Economic Production.
The profit In dairying, as In any other
business, depends upon the margin be
tween the market price of the product
and the cost of production. It is, there
fore, of primary Importance to provide
foodstuffs at the least cost When grain
Is relatively high it may become neces
sary to discard farm grains entirely, sell
them and buy mill feed. Cost of produc
tion depends entirely upon knowing how
to compound a balanced ration, the dairy
name for one day's food for a cow. Not
more than one person in 75, outside of
those at the agricultural colleges, knows
how to do this. The balanced ration best
suited to Oregon is composed of the fol
lowing materials. Ensilage, 30 pounds;
clover hay, 6 pounds; barley meal, 4
pounds, or 2 pounds of oil meal; bran, 8
pounds. This ration contains 23.75 pounds
of dry matter, 2.11 per cent of digestible
protein, 12.81 per cent of digestible carbo
hydrates and .C3 per cent of digestible fat
A day's food, no matter what its ingre
dients, should not cost over 10 cents.
When it exceeds tbat- figure the cow be
gins to "eat her head off." G. W. Weeks,
of Salem, is a firm, believer in the theory
that one acre can bo made to produce
enough food to feed one cow for a year.
He is down to the basis of an acre and S.J
half, and thinks he will be able to reach
the acre basis this year. He says ,lhls
economy is possible only by soiling, which
he practices. Ensilage, he says, will be
the salvation of dairying In TJregon. It
is the only thing that will successfully
bridge over the dry season. By this policy
he gets a large and continuous flow of
milk from each cow for 10 months in the
year.
Dairying is not so much a question of
organization or combination to control
prices, as it Is one of cost of production.
"How cheap can I produce a pound of
butter fat or 100 pounds of milk?" should
be the principal question with every
dairyman. The man whose IflO pounds of
milk cost him 30 cents.'fbod Values, gets
no more for his butter than the man who
achieved the same results with SO cents.
A good cow should give, when in her
prime, 0500 pounds, of milk a year. Such Is
the lack of knowledge of dairying In this
country that the Oregon cow does not
average 5000 pounds of milk a year, and
some put the estimate down, to 3000
pounds. Dairymen are paid an average,
of SO cents per 100 pounds for milk.
Beginnings of the Industry.
Dairying Is in the formative stage in
Oregon. Its present condition may be
described by the statement that there Is
not now a modern dairyman Iri the state.
The Oregonlan does not say this In a
spirit of criticism, but Is simply repeat
ing assertions made at Albany by men
who are foremost In Introducing modern
methods and who are willing to have the
statement applied to themselves as well
as to others. The difference of 8600 gal
lons between the average annual milk
production of the Oregon cow and that of
a good cow well managed shows the room
for Improvement that presents itself.
Rapid progress in the industry will not he
immediate, for the reason that Oregon
has not the supply of cows. This de
ficiency will have to be supplied by im
portations from other states. Our pedple
have much to learn about the science of
dairying, but they have set about to ac
quire the knowledge, and productive re
sults may be looked for.
THE RUSSIANS. IN PERSIA
RAPIDLY ABSORBING THAT ANCIENT
ASIATIC POWER.
and a base against India it would be of
equabservlce.
On" the Caspian sea, the Caucasus &
Mercury company has several passenger
steamers in size from 1000 to 2000 tons,
though, of course, the average Is much
below this. Recent statistics are absent,
but It is possible to make a fair estimate
, from the constant rate of increase In ton
nage and number of vessels. In 1892 the
Caspian fleet included 125 steamers, with a
, total tonnage of 48.S42. Five year3 later
1 the number had Increased to 190, with a
total tonnage of 82,733. It Is estimated for
I me now that the number has Increased to
, 225. with a total tonnage of 122,000. The
' sailing fleet on the Caspian does not Ih-
BAKU, Russia, Aug. 2. The Caspian sea . crease as rapidly in late years. Ten years
Is net yet a Russian lake, but that condi- aB0 there were 1131 sailing vessels on the
tion Is In effect commercially and almost Caspian.,- with a. total tonnage of 70,708.
politically, even though the geographies do The Increase In tonnage Is perhaps one-
not show it Only the southern snore half plnce that time, though the number
of the great sea Is Persian, and Persian of vessels is but little more,
means virtually Russian In this region. In-' , . .' m
asmuch as Persia has no merchant marine Outcome of Nnphtha Trade,
or navy, none but Russian vessels sail The Caspian sea fleet was the outcome
the Caspian, and they dominate the com- of the naphtha trade from Baku and grew
merce of the Persian cities on the sea front with tt As this trade rose the trade of
Commerce on Caspian Sea Wholly
In Hands of Russians, Mostly
Of One Conipariy
ALL ARE FOR EXPANSION
(Continued from First Page.)
11 I " - IBM -t 3
ri-Pr$!w'mffitffiyTrf, TPsff-ySff i- li9ctKffmsgJvaggJ-'t
prestige as a nation should be "by every
means maintained on the ether side of the
Pacific The good which win follow from
it will be enjoyed by people 6f all parties,
for commerce te nonpartisan, and the trade
with nearly one-half of the world's Inhabi
tants, who have Just begun to appreciate
and buy our products, will bring increased
riches to the entire country.
On the other side of the Pacific there
is, between Sydney and Vladivostock, a
field for commerce which contains over
500.000.000 people. Oceanlca, the growing
population of the continent of Australia,
the millions of consumers In the populous
Islands off the southeast coast of Asia
the continent of Asia Itself crowded with
people who are Just coming wlthlii the
Influence of modern thought and becoming
acquainted with the products of modern
science- the millions of progressive people
of Japan, who illustrate most strikingly
the character of the change which is Just
beginning !n China? the great and grow
ing possessions .of the czar, Eastern Si
beriaall are within easy reach of the Pa
cific coast and their commerce will
naturally gravitate to us If we maintain
on the other side of the Pacific an Influence
which will show us to be at least as great
and as powerful as the Other nations
which are striving for their trade. With
the Oriental, strength alone commands
respect Weakness Is despised, and, should
our flag be lowered In the Philippines, It
would to them, mean a confession of weak
ness, whose effect would never be dls-
'pelled except at the cost of a victorious
war with England, Germany or France.
To lose the trade of the Orient would
bring disaster upon oUr country. It would
enable our European competitors dp rap
Idly outstrip us in development, id we
should soon become, relatively, a decay
ing nation. Relative decay would inevit
ably become actual.
tween, and was marked eut feytke Serte.
of circumstances, and the result wHI
the best that war can achieve. Wa
fered relief to downtrodden, martyred
Cuba as unselfishly as nation ever tsok ua
the cause of another, and the atvhuty
tb&t shapes euf ends" seems to have ss,
"Because ye took up the burden of Crts.
I will open wnto yon the doer of the
East" The Philippine tefetnds are the
latch-string to that door. We deplore war,
but whatever else it may be-, It Is often
a purifier and a civitizer, A more excel
lent way is being opened up to us, and
later on we will be fitted to purify ether
wise than by fire.
Why longer parley and give aid ana oea
fert to the enemy by lens-spun theories
as to what might have been done? Let
us face present conditions. To retire from
the Philippines would not only be an in
Jury to the natives, but would brand us
as pusillanimous in the eyes of the world.
If we will give full heed to the dictates
of common sense, honor and Justice, our
"destiny" need not give us concern. There
are those who call up the ghosts of Greece
and Rome", ahd cry. "Woe. woe to the re-
public." These give little thought ts the
i DEFERS HE ulBIWH
REV. H. I. RASBTO5 p3UTIC36BS KKV,
Former Pastor of Portland Ornee
Chnroh Seores Xeadrs of Sled.
era Advanced Theology.
The position takes by many mtnistera la
reeent years, that Indicates that they are
ontgtewiag the assart, sailed forth a
somewhat notable sermon frem Rev.
Henry Irving JUsmtm. in Oak Park Meth
odist gptocopal chnreh, Chicago. Febru
ary 4. Dr. Rasmus was formerly pastor
of Grace, church, in Portland. His theme
was "The Gospel & Never-Dying Idea,
and In the sermon he took the position
that there
is no law or convention that
compels a man to be ml expounder of the
changed conditions. Our republic Is based 1 New" Testament but that when a man
Upon Intelligence and Individualism, and takes up the profession, he should stick
thb onward, inward and outward march ' io k. ut. jKasmns cauea attention to a re
ef a natldn with such a foumfetion may
be temporarily impeded, never permanan't- Lite, of the Plymouth church, of Brooklyn,
h&M$
PERSIAN CHARCOAL MERCHANT IN BAKU.
Of Interest to Women.
The first police matron in Texas has
been appointed at San Antonio.
In Montana women who pay taxes vote
on all questions submitted to taxpayers.
Kentucky was the first state to give
school suffrage to widows, granting it In
1S8S. i
The Woman's West Side Republican
Club, of New York, has undertaken to see
that the Raines liquor law is enforced on
Sunday.
"The Ants" Is the name of a society of
Protestant young women In France. They
number 20.000. and thdr object Is work
among the poorer classes.
Ml9S Elizabeth Carnes, teacher of phys
ical culture In the public schools of De
troit has begun a cruFade against gar
ments worn by women which injure the
health.
A series of measurements, made at
Wellesley by a Tale scientist shows that
Western young women have larger heads
and greater lung capacity than their East
em sisters.
Professor J. M. Munlon, of Philadelphia,
will build a home for dependent girls on
SB acres of choice ground near Falrmount
Park. The buildings alone will cost
j2.ooo.eoo.
For fancy dress gaitles in England
yoting women are adopting as novelties,
In honor of soldiers at the front, what
are known as "khaki" and "union Jack"
costumes, which are said to be picturesque
if not graceful.
Onsen Sakural, director of the Meigi
girls' seminary, at Toklo, who is in Amer
ica studying our womenrs schools, says
it Is only a question of time when the
Japanese women will be as progressive as
those of this country.
The greatest concession yet made to
women by a German university Is the re
cent decisJbn.of the medical faculty of
Heidelberg university to admit women on
equal terms with men, provided they
have German gymnasium certificates.
Miss Maria Clark, of HoHoweM. Me.,
who has Just died at the age of 98, left
most of her large fortune, amassed
through her own Industry, to the dty for
a new grammar school building, after hav
ing given the city a public library and city
hall during her life.
On a recent Sunday, Mrs. Maud Balling
ton Booth preached for two and a half
hours to the convicts at Sing Sing prlpon.
More than 603 of them wear badges with
the inscription. "Look up and hone."
which ebbw that they are members of
Mrs. Booth's league.
as truly as they do that of the Russian
portg
With an area of 169,381 square mlleS, or
about five times the slsfe of Lake Superior,
and ample depth of water, the Caspian is
able to bear any volume of traffic de
manded by the people who border its
shores. In spite of the handicap that tho
Caspian Is a land-loolced sea, with no
communication to the outer waters of the
world, except a shallow canal, Its fleets
are. growing rapidly, not only in number of
vessels, but In their size, speed and quality.
Today the harbor of Baku Is busy with
traffic, the wharves are covered with
freight In transshipment, and two or three
big dry docks are occupied by steamers,
while others are waiting their turn.
One great company, the Caucasus & Mer
cury, has a virtual monopoly of the steam
er traffic on the Caspian so far as regular
lines of service and regular sailings are
concerned. Tne. larger humber of "tramp"
steamers and galling vessels which sup-
plement'its big fleet contribute; generously
to the volume of trade, but they do not
serve the trafeler. All of the lines of the
Caucasus &. Mer'cufy company start at
Astrakhan, in the Volga delta, though the
larger vessels do not come up the river
that far. They wait at Rhede, at the
mouth of the delta channel, for the pas
sengers who are- brought down from the
city, about 100 miles, In light-draught
steamers. One line follows the cast, or
Asiatic coast of the Caspian, calling at
Alexahdrovsk in the north. Krasnovodsk,
Chlklshliar, Astrabad and Meshedissar,
then retracing the route. Alexandrovsk
is directjy across the Caspian from Astra
khan, Krasnovodsk is the terminus of the
Trans-Caspian railway, Chlklshliar Is an1
Important military post near the Persian
border, Astrabad Is a Persion city at the
southeast corner of the sea, and Meshedis
sar is the port of the Persian city of Balf
rush. The steamers which serve the west
coast of the Caspian call at Petrovek,
Derbent, Baku and Lenkoran, in the Cau
casus. Astara at the Persian boundary,
and Ensell, the port of Resht, in Persia.
The additional services include steamers
from Astrakhan to Baku and return, call
ing at Petrovsk and Derbent, and others
extending that Journey across the sea to
Krasnovodsk.
There was a time when the Persians
were as much of a threat against the Cau
casus as the Russians are ndw against
Persia, but It was before the kingdom of
Georgia was swallowed up by the great
northern power. The Persian army, in
deed, captured Tiflls In 17S5 and devastated
the surrounding country. The next year
Catherine of Russian sent an army into
Georgia, took Baku, TJerbent and Tiflls,
and drove out the rival invaders. The"
first -Alexander of Russia made war against
the Persians, and when the treaty of
peace was signed In 1813, Russia had ex
tended her territories and gained the privi
lege of maintaining the only men-0-war
on the Caspian. Fifteen years later, at
the end of another war, Persia gave the
provinces of Erlvan and Nakhichevan'' to
Russian, and the relations began which
have resulting In making the shah almost
a vassal of the czar.
The Svrnllowin; of Persia.
From 1S3S to 1869 Russia occupied the
Island of Ashurada, at the entrance of the
harbor of Astrabad, as a naval station for
the Caspian flotilla, a post which served
eqully well as a guard over Russian in
terests in Persia. Ih spite of British pro
tests and Persian hints that the post
should be vacated, the Russians stayed at
Ashurada until the Island became gradual
ly reduced by the action of the s'ea,
threatening to leave them afloat. Then
they moved northward on the east coast
of the Caspian to Krasnovodsk!, which is
now an important naval station. They
next proceeded to annex the whole east
coast of the Caspian as far south as the
Atrek river, which they asserted to be the
Persian boundary, and established a post
at Chlklshliar, whence they could reach
Astrabad promptly. Since then Russian
progress toward the swallowing of Persia
has been constant Askbabad, Merv and
Sarakhs mark steps In the undertaking.
The Trans-Caspian railway runs along
the edge of the province of Khorassan for
more than 200 miles. Russian consuls in
Astrabad, Resht, Teheran and Meshed are
all but governors in the Influence they
have In Persian affairs The northern
provinces of the realm of the shah are
virtually Russian today, and the whole
land is drifting under the same dominance.
It is easy to see the immense value to
Russia that Persia would have. In anoth
er Wtter outlining the various railway
schemes for Persia and Afghanistan I
have spoken of the proposed line which is
to diverge from the Trans-Caucasus rail
way near Ellzavetpol. and continue around
the Caspian sea into Persia, by way of
Tabriz. Resht Teheran, Astrabad and
Meshed. This line continued to a junction
with the Trans-Caspian line at Dushchak
or Kushk would make rail travel from
the Caucasus to Central Asia continuous,
and the elimination ef the voyage across,
the Caspian sea would serw materially
In the rapid transport of troops as well as
in commerce Looked at either a? an ave
nue of approach to the trade of the south
by way of the Persfan gulf or that of
Turkey from the east Persl would be of
the utmost value to Russia. And as a
I back door from which, to threaten Turkey
Central Asia came into thersame channels,
being -diverted from its older route to
Orenburg by the opening of the Trans
Caspian railway, so'that an . additional
stimulus was furnished The freight car
ried by the sailing vessels Includes naph
tha and its products from Baku to the
Volga, cotton from Central Asia to the
same shipping point at Astrakhan and
timber from Astrakhan on the return voy
age. Steamers carry these wares, as well
as perishable and less bulky freight. Many
of them, however, are tankboats, and
these find no cargo for the return voyage
from Astrakhan or Petrovsk to Baku.
The rapid increase of the petroleum trade
and of cotton production In Turkestan
undoubtedly will act to force the construc
tion of steamers even more rapidly in the
next few years.
The Russian naval and merchant fleets
on the Caspian have acpompllshed one re
sult outside the commercial line. They
have suppressed a flourishing system of
piracy! Wjhich.had trje douhle object of
stealing goods and obtaining slaves for
gale. The- light craft of the Asiatic pirates
could slip away from the slow and heavy
sailing sloops-of-war and escape dver the
shallows of Intricate bays, so that It was
hot until the Introduction of steam that
the capture of white traders for the slave
markets entirely ceased.
The Persian is not much admired In
these parts, and I am inclined to say a
word for him, though undoubtedly he has
degenerated since the days of Darius. Not
only here in the Caucasus, but well into
J Central Asia, I have found Persians act
ing as laborers wherever heavy work was
to be done. They seem to be the section
hands of the railways, the baggage -por
ters, the hewers of wood and the drawers
of water. Hosts of them have- come over
from their own country to live under Rus
sian rule, which they do "not find as bur
densome as that of the shah, even though
they have to work hard to earn their liv
ing. Of course, they have been coming
Into the Caucasus for many years, -but
they have been voluntary Immigrants into
Transcaspia only since the Russian con
quest Prior to that time the man-stealing
Turkoman used to make frequent forays
across the border into Khorassan, kidnap
ing what Persian men and women they
could lay their hands upon, to be sold In
the-slave markets of Khiva, and Bokhara
or kept for their own service. The Rus
sians stopped all that, and now one may
see Persian and Turkoman working side
by side, when the latter will deign to
work, with no apparent memory of the
days when they were the bitterest of enemies.
It Is Interesting to nofp that these black
haired, black-foearded Persians show the
same inclination to change the color that
shows itself elsewhere In the world.
Whether thpv use lime to do the work, as
do the fastidious and fashionable dandies
of Sanioa. or the peroxide of hydrogen,
that has its place at home, I do not know,
but, at. any rate, I have seen their hlon
dlned red beards In all stages of the pro
cess, and thpy look Just as ridiculous as
da the big Samoani at the othr enrl of
the eart twttwrttt t. WHITE.
CANNOT TtTRN BACK
Withdrawal Would Be HnmillatlnS
, tothe American People. '
' WASHINGTON, Feb. 14. I do not hesi
tate to 'say that the overwhelming sen
timent of Wyoming Is for upholding the
wise action of the administration with
reference to our riew possessions. The
feeling is that nothing is too good for
the American republic. Back of all is
the idea that havlrig put hand to the
plough we cannot turn back. Any such
move would be humiliating In the extreme
and make us the laughing stock of the
world.
By the results of the Spanish war we
have a legacy of responsltdlify not con
templated, bUt the habit of tha mountain
country has always been- to accept re
sponsibility and to avoid no task, how
ever difficult, which national honor may
demand.
ly obstructed,
Kansas has followed With honor and
pride! the poliey of President MeKlMey,
and certainly the great majority of her
people are in favor of what they befteve
will continue to be the wise, Just and con
servative action of the MeKlnley adminis
tration in holding and governing the Phil
ippine archipelago, In elevating the people,
advancing their moral and material inter
ests, and extending our beneficent rule and
trade and commerce.
The retention and pacification of the
Philippines means progress, uplifting and
civilizing the native, light to China, in
crease in commerce and manufacturing,
the speedier construction of the Nicaragua
canal, the earlier laying of PaeiRe easiest
new and enlarged avenues for the legiti
mate exercise ef American government,
industry and development and brings near
the time when "the Pacific, with Its sherea
and its islands, will become the efelef
theater of events in the wsrid's greatest
hereafter."
jfkte&rrtv'k'
jsv - - . .
cent sermon preached by Rev. K. D. HU-
Fortlflcnfion Not Worth Fishiinj? For
New York Commercial Advertiser.
The treaty makes the canal "part of
the America'n coast line." Should a bel
ligerent seek to violate neutrality by ex
ceeding Its privileges, no fortifications
would be needful to prevent him. A. war
ship forcing the canal could be stopped
at any lock or met by a for
midable sea force as It emerged. No
nation could seize the canal unless it had
superior sea power, and if it had this
it could blockade and make It useless In
spite of fortifications, though these mignT
delay reopening It for Its own uses. That
is the onfr consideration in their favor, the
defense of neutrality In peace and nation
al defense In war against superior sea.
power. But If we are not going to have
a-, sea power superior to any that can
be maintained in American waters, as
.the British is superior to any in the Med
iterranean, we would better not think
of the canal at all. Suppose, now, the
case n which we were a belligerent We
should not close the canal to neutral com
merce except contraband. This would be
Intercepted by ships or .stopped at locks
without need of fortifications. No one can
suppose that hostile warships would
claim rights under the treaty? all treat
ies between belligerents are suspended by
war. Our first act would be to close It
to the enemy, and this must be done 'by
sea power. Were this ineffective the can
al would be closed to us by blockade,
were Its two ends Gibraltars. Fortifica-
I tion could only close It to the enemy, ahd
that could be done as. well by a single
explosion. With sea power, fortification
Is superflUbus; without It, it would be
useless..
e
MINNESOTA SOLID.
Broad-Minded Democrats Favor the
Republican Policy
WASHINGTON, Feb. 14. I haVe not the
time to write an extended letter, but will
say that, so far as I kndw, the republi
cans of Minnesota are unanimous in sus
taining the administration in reference to
the acquisition and management of our
new possessions. Many of the more pro
gressive and broad-minded democrats of
our state concur In the same views.
A UNIT FOR. EXPANSION.
California People Realize the Ad
vantages of a Large Trade. .
WASHINGTON, Feb. 14. I can speak
advisedly only of that part of our state
with which I am familiar, and the opin
ions of the people with -whom I have came!
in personal contact, ahd with whom I
am in communication by correspondencej
Next to the construction of the Nicar
agua canal, in which the people of Cali
fornia are so deeply and enthusiastically
Interested, I know of no tine thing that
touches the welfare of the Deonle of ou
state more closely than the growing coftn
mercial importance of the Orient, as it
relates to the trade and commerce of
California.
It is growing more evident to our bus
iness men and commercial bodies that
the time Is not far distant when the man
ufactures on our eastern coast will be
able to compete lh the markets of the
world with the Manufacturers of Eu
rope, as they are already competing In
many articles, and will soon dominate
the trade of the world. Wheri that time
comes they will need no festering care,
and the demand for tariff protection will
emanate only from those" Interested in the
products of the soil. It would not be
surprising If these same manufacturers
would, in a few years, be clamoring for
free trade as earnestly and persistently as
they have heretofore been asklhg for pro
tection. When that time arrives, the
wine, wool and fruitgrowers of the Pa
cific coast must stand ready to Join the
farmer of the East In a demand for pro
tection. It is possible, even probable, that
we of the Pacific coast will be obliged
tb compete lrt the Eastern niarket with
products of foreign countries admitted
with small dUtyj or entirely free of duty,
and will be anxious to find other ariafkets
for our products.
I believe, therefore, that the Intelli
gent people of California realize the ad
vantages growing out of a. trans-Pacific
commerce, under the protection of our
flag, and will stand a uhlt for expansion.
I know that this Is the view taken gen
erally by the people of Southern Cali
fornia, and believe that It Is the uni
versal sentiment throughout the state,
regardless of political partisanship. We
must expect however, that our democrat
ic friends will use the word "Imperial-
Ism' In the approaching campaign. They
have worn-out an other issues, and the
word "imperialism" has a resonant, tin-
tlnnabulating sound, which will be very
pleasant to the ears of the great party
of negation.
Man "is born of woman" and is prone to
be selfish, and It is hardly probable, that
many of our democratic friends (ft Cal
ifornia will stray very far away from
their own Interests In opposition to ex
pansion. Ih fact, it Is well known that,
notwithstanding his well-known reputa
tion for generosity, the Callfornian keeps
very close to his base of supplies, and
can be counted upon to take his own
part, and sometimes the other fellow's,
too.
I think It Is safe to say .that a large
majority of the people of California In
cluding our democratic friends, are fa
vorable to expansion.
iowa Seetly INTERCSTBD.
I Her People Believe in Up-Bull ding
Of the Pacific Coast.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 14. Iowa is a mid
way state, and Interested alike In the East
and in the West Iowa 16 populated from
all the states from Maine to Illinois, be
sides having quite a population riatlvo
born. This puts us In a position to be
interested in the welfare of the whole
country, as much, or more, than any dthef
state. We believe In the up-building of the
Pacific coast: We want our markets In
that direction opened and broadened. The"
canal across the Isthmus, and the expan
sion poliey of the present administration,
are what we want, and is what we shall
Insist upem. This Is the posltieri of Iowa
as I understand It It is my position as
a member of congress from Iowa.
I do not Stop to argue the matter. The
facts and arguments suggest themselves,
Of course, there will be opposition for a
time. But those now opposing, like those
opposing acquisition of territory hereto
fore, will soon be claiming part ef the
credit for having brought it about
JUjC-
IN BRYAN'S STATE.
of
from a Chicago pulpit, and also to other
Chicago Utterances.
His text was: "1 am not ashamed ef
the gospel of Christ" Among other things
the minister saM:
Dtettngutohod for a thousand utter
ances, tins was the theme of Pant's min
istry. This was the horning subject upon
the lips of the great apostle, as he stood
In proud Rome, the potmhed capital of a
powerful empire. Hew wonderful are the
changes that have occurred since Paul
wrote these words at Corinth,
"The religion of Christ is no longer the
object ef contempt that it then was. It is
the inspiration ef the poet, the scholar.
and the philosopher, 'at the genius that
thrills the lips of the orator with Irre
sistible utterances, hut notwithstanding ail
this. If you were to follow the suggestions
that have lately fallen from prominent
pulpits in Chicago yofc would ha led te a
very anterent cohclusion.
Score-. Dr. Hlllls.
"Upon a recent Sunday the brilliant pas
tor of Plymouth chorea, Brooklyn, occupying-
bis oM pntoH m Chlcasjo, gave ex
pression to a senttaent that hi my hum
fefe optahm is "rery dangerous.
"He sakT m substance that the masses
w?ft ahead of the gospel, and then he
gave utterance to the remarkable state
ment that the best exponents of the gos
pel that he had mtx with wore outside
the church. However much t may admire
the magnificent preacher, I most still In
sist that Dr. Hillis has surrendered the
golden key to his own kingdom.
"If It be true that the best exponents of
the gospel are outside the churches, then
why does he continue an Institution under
the guise of the church, at an Immense
expenditure of mind and money' Why
not close up the churches if the best ex
ponents are indigenous to the outside"
Another sentiment recently esplolted from
a prominent pulpit m Chisago of the same
denomination carries the Mea that the
gospel hf obsolete, ami that a new gos
pel is necessary.
"I confess that there Is something grand
lh the insanity of Ulysses after the Tro
jan war. But there Is hot an element
of sublimity m the speetswoiar utterances
ef thA modern pulpit which substitutes
something etee for the gospel of Christ
Over these pulpits might well be written
the despairing legend, They have taken
my Lord Away, and I know not where
they have laid hint.'
"Reoeatty there was witnessed the spec
tacle in this Queenly city of a so-called
paflhtraent of religions. At the head of
the movement was a Jewish rabbi, Dr.
E. G. Hirsch, supported by an ex-Method
ist preacher. Dr. Thomas, seeking to up
hold his tottering fortunes m the pulpit
bv some new novelty, which otherwise
weuld fart tote eeeiy. In that scene was
witnessed again the spsetact of Pilate
dttiondi surrender to the flasr of the Unit
ed States by those In arms against It
t have expressed myself on the stump
and in public meetings In favor of the
expansion policy, and I think my senti
ments are indorsed by our people.
Republicans Strongly in Favor
Keeping? the Fhnip&tn.es.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 14. I have no
doubt the republicans of Nebraska are.
very strongly in favor of resauung the
Plilliflnlne islands, and certainly we are
absolutely united on compelling uacen- joining hone's -with his enemy and cruel-
htf yAs
tying the Christ.
"Such leaders of Iheeght as these wax
eloquent in their expressions of the Fath
erhood of God and the brotherhood of
mankind. Such a thing is hnposaiblg out
side the religion of Christ. The facts of
history are against them. The facts of
human experience are eternally antago
nistic te the unification of the human race
outside the great truth of the gospel of
the Sen of God."
MEANS GREAT ACTIVITY.
California View of Expansion in. the
Philippines.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 14 The people of
California are overwhelmingly ih favor of
expansion. The holding of our new island
possessions means activity ih every branch
of the state's industries. In fact, the en
tire Pacific coast, mere than any other
section of the Union, will reap a direst
benefit as a result of the present admin
istration's policy. Our commeree with Ha
waii and the Philippines has already been
largely augmented, and we have only
made a beginning.
The question of territorial expansion Is
not a new one. The same arguments that
are Used by the so-called anti-Imperialists
of today were much more eloquently ut
tered against the acquisition of Louisiana,
of Florida, of Texas, of California and
New Mexico, of the Oregon country and
of Alaska. The brilliant statesmen of the
early part ef the 19th century hurled their
anathemas against Jefferson and Monroe,
and Tyler and Polk, just as In our own
day they ate hurling their Invectives at
the administration of William MeKlnley.
put the ship of state glides serenely on,
and where Is the Arrerltan who wouki
want to s'ee a single foot of his country's
soil receded to the nation from which It
was Secured?
When Daniel Webster defended the
Warburton treaty, whereby he surren
dered a part of the Oregon country to Eng
land, he said: "What do We want with this
vast, worthless area this region of sav
ages and wild beasts of deserts of shifting
sands and; whirlwinds of dust of cactus
and prairie dogs?" That was the estimate
placed upon your territory by one of
America's most famous statesmen. It Is
in line with what is said of the Philip
pines today. But the genius of American
citizenship has always been able to dope
with conditions as they arise In our coun
try's history. We will hold these Islands
and future generations will applaud the
wdrk of this republican administration.
Where Is the loyal American who will
say that the floating of Old Glory over any
land can bring It harm?
Weak
Men
Have yofc read nry little book, "Three
Classes of Men"? If not, write for
same. It is sent In plain sealed envel
ope free upon request, and embodies
the truths I have leurne from 30 years
experience. It tells of my famous
Dr. Sanden Electric Belt
With electric suspensory, the world's
greatest homo self-treatment for all re
sults of youMul erro-Mlwtc., such as
Drains, IHhmck aW Varicoeele.
Worn at night, It gives strength while?
you sleep. No Btonweh-wrecking- drugs;
6W0 eared la UN. Write for book today.
DR. A. T. SANDEN
RusscI Bldjji., Cor. Fourth and Morrison 3b.
PORTLAND, OR.
Office hows: 9 to 9; Sundays. 9 to L
A jmrltyieg aad healing
trMHflftHv
(1asai Catarrh
qakkry yteMs te treatment
by
Ely's Cream Balm
wkU Is recognteed as a
speeMe. A rwnWr for ca
tarrh that is arytae" or irri
tating to the diseased mem-
fcraw qhnukl not &9 Used.
Cream Balm placed ntto the nostrild, spread
over the membrane and is abeorbed. Belief is
liamedtete. and a care follows. It is not dry-
BLT gROTHEBS. 83 Warren Street. New Torlc
bssVsIHI
63
cuz3
Let
Kalnmn's Agile Citizen.
Kalama Bulletin.
rjJ. W. Hugill, while carrying a bucket
of milk last Wednesday morning, lost his
equilibrium, fell on the slippery s'dewalk,
rolled over three times, broke a suspend
er, hurt his feelings and got up without slmilatlon; we are not lighting for com
splllins the mult merclal supremacy. Our course lies
PARLEY NO LONGER,
the "United States Face Condi
tions as n Nation Should.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 14. In considering
all great questions in our country, there Is
the usual American habit of going to the
extreme, and continually discussing causes
and "crimes" long parted. We ought to
desire and aim to avoid the pitfalls of
the $ast but what most concerns lis. so
far as we can know, are the conditions
of today. We ire not waging a cruel war
of conquest: we are not engaged In a
conflict to enforce benevolent moral as-
TV ' lU
TWENTY YEARS OP SUCCESS
In the treatment of chronle din onion. soh as liver,
kidney and stomach disorders, eonspetlen. diarrhoea,
dropsical swellings Brlght's disease, ete.
KIDNEY AMD WIIMARY
Complaints, painful, diincuit tes freenent, milky or
bloody Urine, unnatural discharge apioeHy cured.
DISEASES OF THE RECTUM
Such as piles, Astuia. fissure, ulceration, .mucous and
bleedy discharges, cured without the katte. pain or
connnement
DISEASES OF HEN
Bleed poison, gl-eei. striata, unnatural losses, lm
potency. thoroughly eured. Ko failures. Cures guar-
...-.... . . . -in. iia At buttons. chrtMuaw. efriutMattinr drains, bash-
fulness,, aversion to society, which deprne you of yeor mawhosd. CHTITS xuu
FOR BUSINESS OR MARRIAGE. . ,, mWm. u. u, t,. wavtv
MIDDLE-AGED MEN who from exeessee and strains have lost their MANLf
BLOOD AND SKIN DISEASE. ayphK ,$$Ttt. I$Tl!l!ffi Tnffiv
Gleet Stricture, enlarged prostate. SwuiU Dttfa5. yteg2ty
and Liver troubles, cured WITHOUT MfaCSKY AJCD OTKe POISONOLd
DRUGS. Catarrh and Rheumatism CURBD. . .
Dr Walker's methods are regular and ssteaUnc. He MmI tft nostrum
or ready-made preparations, but cures the iEtott by thorough &!&
His New Pamphlet on Private Diseases stent Frag to all men who eescribe their
trouble. PATIENTS cured at home. Terms reasonable All tetters answered m
plain envelop r-rfnsultation free and saeredly eonnoontiaJ. CaM on er address
Doctor Walker, 132 First it,, Corner Aider. Pertwd. Or.