THE MORNING OBEGONIAN, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1900.
Entered at the PostofBce at Portias. Oregon.
as eeooad-claas matter.
, TKtPHOXE.
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PORTLAJfD, THIKSDAY, FSB. 15.
MIRKHAX'S HOKMAX, AGAIX.
Ilr Edwin Markham is still work
ing the vein he opened in his "Man
1. the Hoe." In the current num
1 - uf the Independent (New York) he
Z- an article which contains these
t 'finents:
i i w the mH sense of hotnlanmcoo that
t -. upon the heart In that moitotowoue erudg-
at leade nowhere, that hoe no light
urge and to pass through congress,
without delay, an act to remove pro
tective tariff from all trust-made goods.
If it fall to do this, it -will wear a
heavy handicap through the presiden
tial campaign.
should some be ground and broken?
should bo man go down under the 'vtfaeel
Torld to hopeless ruin ae tor ae human
an see
hueman te the symbol of betrayed hu-
the toller ground down through ages
i resoion, through agee of social mjuetice.
-, the man poshed back and shrunken up
He special privileges conferred upon the
Tins is largely absurd, and wholly
r hievous. The powers of all persons
l- nt equal. It is impossible for all
' c'taiu to highest things; and yet
' areers of men whose lives make
T. h- history of this country prove
t t T other capital is necessary than
, tnergy and hope. The hoeman
2 - f, pursuing; his cailinc; with In-
t t nee and energy, may be com
f a if and content. Are there to be
r men? The Markham philosophy
c " 9 there should not be, and that
i y man who must live by the labor
' is hands is oppressed by the man
V i li es through trade, through a
I' ' sslon, or upon an inheritance.
J" 1 3ft It is from the ranks of labor,
" manual labor, that most of our men
i i arhieve highest success, spring,
f ' l generation to generation.
T2 e M&rkham philosophy is mawkish
z. 1 querulous absurdity. Not only
l 9 it not help the man with whom it
I r es to sympathise, but it does
I i i infinite injury by filling Mm full
c ' us less complaint and fruitless dls
c rtnt, and It paralyses' rational e
f T t I j teaching him to look for re-
a"' s w hers no resources ever will be
' nd It teaches him to look to soci-
and government for support; when
L 'at t all his resources lie in himself,
r i bom here else. It teaches him to
that the man who has somewhat
r it wealth than the lowest average,
) has any ktnd of house above a
2 t t live In, who is better fed and
.. 1 and lodged than MmseK, is hie
n 5 and opprsasor, enjoying what
1 lm pilled and plundered from
1 This false philosophy is nt only
1 . ite envy, to raise delusive hopes,
t i ropagate meoontent, to foster idie
r to make anarchists. In what
v is the family that lives on a dirt
f - injured by th fact of possession,
1 n 'ther family, of a carpet on its
Where Is the ''special priilege"
I "" Property cannot be equal. It is
. - . t j nature to be unequal. Talents
" t U equal, either among men in
n ass or even among members of
t 'iine family. Some can do things
' t i hers cannot, and the highest re
i ' s naturally oome to those who
t greatest capacity. Such persons
c w . and their competition is with
r ' other, not with the general mass.
I t inferior or mediocre talents never
. ummand, certainly cannot hold,
I s in the van, "where honor travels
I- a Mrait so narrow that few can
r il it ast." Yet under our democratic
r -; t n1 none who possesses exceptional
:. Hies need be pushed from the path.
1 ut if he turn aside, or relax his ef-
rt the tide will rush by and leave
1 mi with the hindmost.
This is a moenry condition of pro
rt fi e human society. It is the very
-iis of civilisation. Yet in all the his-
t i of the human race, it is out of the
liutr blest families that the great lead
f " ha e pprung. In our own country it
1 specially so. Talent runs little in
? - families. In aristocratic or pluto--'tu
lines. It bs a mysterious gift of
v rAT-working Heaven, and. appears
tisud.ll j where least expected. All can
t i. wise or rich or great; and the
Varkham philosophy, therefore, is non
c nsf and nonsense of a pernicious
kind because It teaches men to whine,
i mi ain and repine; to lament their
f "tune, while It takes away the dis
positii n to improve It; to harbor dis-
nient and yet to reject the only ra-
nal and possible way of removing
re tuuse of it. The end of life is
ut and In duty contentment and
lappiress have their foundation. The
Man ith the Hoe has in the hng run
v bat r, 8 him and what he is fitted for.
B- quns the hoe If he finds some other
n ilement he can wield better; If not,
rr keers to the hoe, as he should. Or,
If he makes the mistake of pitying hlm
pi f as a result of dwelling in the
Markham pseudodoxes, and quits the
hoe w hen he ought to keep it because it
la ihe Implement which he oan turn to
est account for keeping himself, he
v. make a failure and wreck of his
f itenoe Neither the hoeman nor any
her worker is "the symbol of be
aed mmaJUty.' The worst be
4 -a at of htunanity is instilment of
-'y notion ta the worker that Ms posi-
n is one of hopeless drudgery ana
. gradation. There Is "light ahead"
ever) person, who has anything in
n His flame can never tack oil. In
vse Unas firom OonwiB' we have
h. words of a real poet, which may
REST, BEST, PERTURBED SPrRIT.
The mental manifestations of the As
torlan are always interesting from a
psychological standpoint, and its view
of the Hanna-Payne subsidy attack on
the treasury should not, perhaps, be ig
nored. It has proved susceptible, it
seems, to influence from Mr. James
Hill's counter-blast against subsidies,
and the result of that impression on it
is this:
Mr. HUl Is preparing te engage ia Oriental
ooBwaeree from the terminals of hie Puget sound
roads oa- a greatly increu&ed scale. He Is In a
position, la fact, to become as much the mo
nopolist of trans-Paelfle commerce as he is the
monopolist of Northwestern transcontinental
commerce.
The point of the argument lies in the
assumption that Mr. Hill is "the mo
nopolist of Northwestern transconti
nental commerce." But Is he? Ask
the Northern Pacific people if they
think Mr. Hill has such a monopoly.
Ask the Union Pacific. Ask the Cana
dian Pacific All of these roads do
business with the North Pacific coast.
Some of them doubtless do more than
the Great Northern does. And so with
the trans-Pacific business Mr. Hill is
to monopolize. One thing is as Impos
sible as the other. "What Mr. Hill can
do others can do. What the Great
Northern can do the Union Pacific can
do. Mr. Hill- cannot monopolize the
steamship business of the Pacific
ocean. It is open, equally, to all.
Yet the Astorian says Hill monopo
lizes the railroad business, and will
monopolize the steamship business. It
says this in order to vitiate his argu
ment against subsidies. There is no
truth in the explanation offered; con
sequently his argument stands. Yet
this is just as real and pertinent an
objection as any urged against Mr.
Hill's argument that subsidies are un
necessary for shipowners, and power
less to aid producers. Not all the ad
vocates of subsidies are afflicted with
the same gift of conjuring up phan
tasms. Some of them are sane, and all
that are sane are after the dollars In
the treasury or else are deluded by
necromancy of the Astoria type or
scheming shipyards that are out for
plunder.
The subsidy bill is dead. It will never
again muster the strength it has mus
tered in this congress. It may be re
garded, therefore, as a closed incident.
The only occasion for recurring to the
late lamented will be its temporary
resurrection by the Witch of Astoria or
the Tacoma Ledgerdemain.
unprecedented demand for coal at Hon
olulu, and scores of vessels have been
diverted from the trade between Aus
tralia and San Francisco, and the Bay
city has been,. as the Ledger asserts,
suffering from a coal famine. The
Ledger will not need to turn back over
four years In its files before it will find
where the Norwegian steamship Flor
ida was carrying coal between British
Columbia ports and San Francisco at
51 10 per Jon, and a big fleet of vessels
of all kinds were lying idle all over the
coast. There has been no "such radical
change in conditions as would preclude
the possibility t)f the rate again drop
ping to ?1 10 per ton when the present
rush is over, and the subsidizing of a
vessel to compete with these rates is
in effect taxing people all over the
United States in order that San Fran
cisco may have cheap coal. Viewed
from a national standpoint, the Hanna
Payne subsidy graft does not bear close
scrutiny. Heduce the area of its op
erations, and analyze the effects of its
operation in our immediate locality,
and. it becomes even less attractive.
MAKERS OF OUR DESTINY.
A "student" writes us from Clacka
mas, inquiring whether it is historic
ally true that "John Quincy Adams
was a greater factor in shaping the
LOCAIj
ASPECTS OF
SCHEMES.
SUBSIDY
put in contrast with Markham's
w drums:
Abo haa a McM In tata own door breast
v live la the timer and enjoy might day;
hf who hMoa a. dark eoul and font thoughts
- rhted llvon nador
)f m Mo mm dungeon
The Tacoma Ledger bewails the fact
that there Is a scarcity of shipping on
the Pacific coast, and that rates are
high accordingly. It states that "char
ters could be made for a number of
vessels If they were available"; that
"Hawaii wants our coal, lime, lumber,
hay and feed and other products, which
she is unable to get because of lack
of shipping"; that "San Francisco has
been suffering from a coal famine from
the same cause," and that "the com
merce of the coast generally Is ham
pered by this shortage of tonnage."
As a panacea for all these evils, the
Ledger Is very anxious that the Payne
Hsjwia subsidy bill should become a
law.
The shortage in ships at the present
time is confined largely to grain ves
sels. As the grain business produces
a much greater amount of wealth than
any other industry In the Northwest,
and the resultant profits or losses are
largely affected by ocean freights, it
would seem eminently proper that the
demand for legislation which is sup
posed to improve their condition should
come from the wheatgrowers, instead
of from a few newspapers and politi
cians, who simply echo the sentiments
of a band of wealthy shipbuilders and
owners. The house and senate commit
tees have recently been hearing from
the farmers on the subject of paying
bounties or subsidies to millionaires
w ho are already rich enough1 to own big
steamship lines. Among the documents
presented to the house committee was
a protest from an Illinois Grange
which contained the following interest
ing view of the subsidy from a grain
grower's standpoint:
As graln-gnwing farmers of the Central West
-vie hae to compete in the free and open mar
kets of the "world and must be content with
any margin of profit afforded our products by
the ruling prices of those markets. This we do
without governmental aid by subsidy to in
crease our profits and with the belief that con
gress cannot Justly enact special legislation to
favor one industry at the expense of other
clanses of people.
The gist of this protest is that, inas
much as the farmer is compelled to
meet the competition of the world in
growing and marketing his grain with
out any aid from the government, the
shipowner should build and sail his ves
sels on the same business-like princi
ples. In citing a local situation on the
coast to prove the merits of a question
of national importance, the Ledger,
either through ignorance or a desire to
misrepresent the situation, argues from
a wrong standpoint. It is not a scarc
ity of ships, but a plethora of wheat,
which is making high freights at the
present time, in proof of which it Is but
necessary to refer to the tonnage fig
ures today as compared, with those of
one year ago. At that time there was
but 46.0W tons of grain shipping en
route for Portland, and 30,000 tons en
route to Puget sound. At the present
time there is over 77,000 tons en route
for Portland and 36,000 tons en route
for Puget sound. Last year there was
1&,00 tons en route for, and 36,000 tons
in port at, San Francisco. This year
there is 162,000 tons en route and 68,000
tons in port at San Francisco".
When crops are poof, and there is
nothing to ship, the shipowner loses
money, and is unable to find work for
his ships at rates that wiH pay for their
operation. The experience of the past
twenty years will show that the periods
of low freights and a surplus of shlpu
have occurred with the same frequency
as have those of high freights and a
scarcity of ships. Less than three
years have elapsed since wheat was
carried from Portland to Europe, a dis
tance of 17,000 miles, at a cost of 54 36
per ton of 2240 pounds. Unless the
government took actual charge of a
ship and paid all of her expenses, no
vessel could successfully compete with
such a rate, but the inexorable law of
supply and demand wiH again give the
wheatgrower similar low rates, regard
less of subsidies, as some owners will
destiny of our nation than any other
man since Washington," which state-ment-waa
included in an address de
livered before the Teachers' Associa
tion of Clackamas county on the 27th
ult. The Oregonian would hardly agree
with this conclusion, although Mr. Ad
ams was a very able and accomplished
statesman. It is true that Mr. Adams,
with the. independence characteristic
of his family, supported Mr. Jefferson
In- regard to the Louisiana purchase,
despite the fact that he was a federal
ist. It Is true that Mr. Adams, with
Henry Clay and Gallatin, negotiated
the treaty of Ghent; it is true that, so
far as the Monroe doctrine had any
authentic American parentage, Mr. Ad
ams was its author in the sense that
he doubtless persuaded President Mon
roe to act on the suggestion or invita
tion of George Canning, the British
minister of foreign affairs, who was
really responsible for the original coin
age of the Monroe doctrine; that is,
George Canning "tipped us the wink"
and we took the hint, and President
Monroe answered with his message, in
the construction of which doubtless Mr.
Adams had a leading part. It is true
that to Mr. Adams' diplomatic intelli
gence the purchase of Florida from
Spain was due; it is true that Mr. Ad
ams ably defended the right of pe
tition on the floor of congress.
All these things are true, and are
highly creditable to the statesmanship
of Mr. Adams; but none of them nor
all of them justify the conclusion that
"Mr. Adams was a greater factor in
shaping the destiny of our nation than
any other man since Washington." It
Is, perhaps, not easy to say who of our
statesmen since Washington has exer
cised the largest influence "in shaping
the destiny of our nation," but it is
entirely safe to say that It was not
John Quincy Adams. Since Washing
ton the roll of our statesmen has in
cluded Hamilton, Marshall, Jefferson,
Jackson, Clay, Webster, Calhoun and
Lincoln. It Is entirely safe to say that
any one of these men had more to do
with "shaping the destiny of our na
tion" than had John Quincy Adams.
This Is no impeachment of Mr. Adams'
intellectual parts, which were excel
lent, but he did not have the very
great ability of some of these men, nor
the exceptional opportunity of others.
It was Mr. Jefferson's opportunity to
buy Louisiana, and he had the states
manlike courage to rise to the level
of the opportunity and buy it, even
when he had serious doubts of the
constitutionality of his action. Prob
ably few things have "shaped the des
tiny of our nation" with more far
reaching effect than this act of Jeffer
son. The effect of the genius of Ham
ilton applied both to the rehabilitation
of our flnancial credit and to enforcing
the constitutional theory of our inde
structible nationality exercised a more
permanent effect upon the destiny of
our country than anything wrought by
Mr. Adams. The action of Jackson in
bidding defiance to nullification doubt
less saved us from civil war in 1832.
The influence of Henry Clay saved us
from civil war in securing the accept
ance of the compromise measures of
1S50. The eloquence of Calhoun doubt
less warmed into life and organized
into an incendiary political creed the
Jeffersonian constitutional theory of
state supremacy and the right of nulli
fication. But for Mr. Calhoun's fell po
litical genius, there would have been
no party of disunion after the New
England federalist secessionists of 1814
were politically wrecked and covered
with infamy after the negotiation of a
victorious peace. Without John Mar
shall's thirty-four years' service on the
supreme bench of the United States,
and without Webster s eloquence to
impassion and popularize the logic of
Marshall; without Abraham Lincoln
rising to the level of that vast politi
cal courage which proclaimed emanci
pation as a military necessity, the des
tiny of our country would have taken
a very different shape.
It was not the fault of Mr. Adams'
ability that he did not do anything that
decisively shaped the destiny of this
country, hut, as a matter of fact, for
lack of opportunity Mr. Adams did
nothing of the sort. It is just to say
of him that he was always equal to
his opportunity, but the fortune of a
great critical opportunity to make his
country or break it never came to him.
He could not have defeated the ratifi
cation of Jefferson's purchase of Lou
isiana; President Monroe would have
accepted George Canning's coinage of
"the Monroe doctrine," no matter who
had been his secretary of state. In
deed, Mr. Adams, when he became
president, never pretended to push "the
Monroe doctrine" to the extreme that
was reached by President Cleveland in
his Venezuela message. John Quincy
Adams belongs to the top of the sec
ond rank of American statesmen, which
includes men like Van Buren, men of
great and versatile public ability, but
whose fate was not distinctly to shape
the destiny of the country by anything
they did or left undone.
insane asylum, failing in which, he has
turned him out into the world, is not
his son or in any way bound to him
by ties of blood. The property obliga
tion is, of course, not lessened by this
fact, but the treatment of the older by
the younger man, does not appear quite
so base as if the beneficiary were also
a child, bound in duty, without prop
erty considerations, to shelter and care
for the infirm parent. The just pro
cedure in; this case would seem to be to
place the feeble old man in a home
upon terms that would insure his phys
ical comfort, and charge the cost of
maintenance against the man who, in
consideration of such care, is in posses
sion of the property. The care of the
Infirm is not a pleasant task.'and when
unrelieved by a sense of cfuty and light
ened by a spirit of kindness and. pity, it
Is not likely to be performed faithfully.
The person who does not perform, this
task willingly will not perform it more
humanely under the mandate of the
court. Hence the cruelty of abandon
ing the helpless to the mercy of a
guardian in whom all sense of justice
Is obscured by selfishness. The lesson
in this case, as in a multitude of others,
is to men and women grown old, or
-who are growing old. Its simplest
form of statement is, "Retain in your
own name the title deeds to your prop
erty, particularly your home, while you
live." Such a course will not in the
least abate the care of a dutiful child,
and it will, in a degree, compel the
respect and attention of the selfish and
undutlful, whether child or other pro
posed heir.
time they have "been buried. There would
not be many of them, as parents claim a
majority of the soldier dead for family
plots. The purpose would be to bury in
this- public place only those who died or
were killed on the islands. Of course, to
have thla done an ordinance for the pur
pose would have to be passed by the coun
cil. How this proposition would be re
ceived by the councllmen. the people at
large, or friends of the soldiers, is not
known, as it has not been discussed much.
It is merely a suggestion made by some
of the more ardent admirers of soldiers,
who would like to see their monument in
a public spot, and know that the heroes
it commemorated slept beneath it.
Blanche Bates, the actress, who plays
the part of a hosiery model in "Naughty
Anthony," and has Instituted proceedings
in the supreme court of New York city
to enjoin a Broadway firm from "produc
ing, exposing or displaying any models
or articles purporting to be copies or rep
resentations of her person or limbs," is
met with a denial that the models shown
by the firm are intended to represent her
legs or are advertised as such. They de
clare that the models of the limb3 which
they represent "are models of the limbs
of several well-known artists' models In
this city celebrated for their shapeliness,
and particularly for the correctness of the
dimensions of the different portions of the
limbs from the ankle to the thigh, which
artists' models defendants will produce
upon tho trial of the suit." Regarding
the contention of the actress that she
never appeared in. tights, the answer al
leges that Miss Bates took the part of
Rosalind In "As You Like It," last sum
mer in San Francisco, in which her shape
ly limbs were exposed. In that char
acter she was photographed, showing her
legs from the knee to the thigh.
B
Bennett H. Young, Goebel's chief
legal adviser, announced recently that
"when Goebel died, Senator Blackburn,
Colonel Phil Thompson and myself ad
vised Beckham, who had contested the
seat for lieutenant-governor, and who,
on Goebel's death, had qualified as gov
ernor, to come to Louisville. If Tay
lor's militia comes to Louisville, there
will be a collision and bloodshed."
This Colonel Bennett H. Young was the
organizer and leader of the brigand
raid upon St. Albans, Vt, in the fall
of 1864, from the neutral territory of
Canada, This Colonel Bennett H.
Young, from the vantage ground of
neutral territory, made an armed raid
upon a peaceful country town of 5000
people, robbedi the banks and shot to
death an unarmed, peaceful citizen.
This is the kind of scoundrel that
turns up as "Goebel's legal adviser."
This man Young was a brigand in war,
and he is an anarchist in peace. An
other of Goebel's intimate associates
was tried for murder, and Joe Black
burn, his eulogist, was the author of
the speech for civil war at the Hayes
Tilden contest. Goebel had killed his
man; they were all tarred with the
same pitchy
HOW TO PROTECT THE CAKAIi.
Is
A large number of people in the rural
districts of Lane county have, it is
said, had the smallpox without knowing
it. The type of the disease is a mild or
"discreet" one, ami no care has been
taken to prevent contagion. The condi
tions, fortunate so far, are likely to
become serious, and it is full time for
the physicians of Lane county to wake
up and the people to bestir themselves
in the matter of controlling the epi
demic, whatever it is. Prudent people
do not permit even chicken-pox or itch
to run riot through their families and
neighborhoods unchecked or unchallenged.
Julian Balph, like the trained ob
server he is, fastens upon the one im
pressive feature of this war the awful,
withering, insupportable fire of defend
ers with modern repeating arms and
smokeless powder. This is the one ele
ment no strategy can eliminate. The
Boers must be conquered; but deci
mated British columns must be filled
up over and over again.
At last there is some indication of
rational warmaking on the part of the
British forces in South Africa, It is
still a question whether they can hold
the advance they have made.
""he way for the republican party to
-' to the country that it is not the
a i is & supporter of the trusts, is to
The story of George Root, a feeble,
helpless old men of Clackamas county
a pauper through having made a
deed to his farm to a much younger
man for the consideration of care dur
ing his lifetime is, unfortunately for
the credit of humanity, not an unfa
miliar one. The redeeming feature of
the tale. If a tale of base Ingratitude
and recreancy to a sacred trust can be
keep their ships moving at a loss in said to have a redeeming feature, is
preference to having them idle. that Root's beneficiary, who has twice
The Philippine war has caused an I tried to have the old man sent to the
KOTE AND COMMENT.
Luckily, no man is living who can out
Pettlgrew Pettigrew.
A senatorial candidate, it seems, can do
much toward his election by his mere
presents.
The cruiser Philadelphia, fortunately,
has a better record for speed than her
namesake.
Mr. Frick seems anxious to get some of
the money that Carnegie is blowing in on
free libraries.
It is hard to convince a man of the
beauty of the snow when he is obliged
to shovel it off his walk.
Mythology does not cut much of a figure
in war, perhaps, but Buller has depended
considerably of late on his good ferry.
It is reported that normal conditions are
about to be restored in Kentucky. Let us
hope, however, that it is not as bad as
that.
It is hard to realize that the revision of
Herbert Spencer's "Principles of Biology,"
just Issued by the Appletons, comes from
the pen of an invalid 80 years of age. Mr.
Spencer is an excellent illustration of the
saying that hard work and chronic in
validism, given a good constitution, are
one of the finest forms of life insurance.
All the street railway companies are
catering to the demands of the public
by running care late, and one may now
find a car for almost any point at mid
night. None of the other companies has,
however, carried this accommodation so
far as the Portland Traction Company,
which starts a car from the union depot
at 12:30 A. M. every day and runs it right
through to Portland Heights. This is like
ly to cause a large immigration to tho
Heights, as persons living there can stay
out half an hour longer and Imbibe sev
eral more soft toddles than the residents
of other sections.
Early In March three Kipling rarities
are to be sold in London, all of them be
ing the property of the writer's mother,
Mrs. Alice Kipling. We clip the follow
ing description from the Athenaeum: v
The rarest of all is the copy of "Schoolboy
Lyrics," 18S1, in the original wrapper, which
is decorated with two pen-and-ink, drawings
of flowers, etc. The second 'lot is a copy of th
"Echoes by Two "Writers," 18S1, in the original
wrapper, with the autograph of Mrs. Kipling;
at the beginning and end of eome of the pieces
there are inscriptions In pencil. The third lot
Is a copy of the rare first edition of the "De
partmental Ditties," ISSfi. In the same day's
cale, but another property, there is a second
copy of the "Schoolboy Lyrics," which seems
to be uncommonly plentiful for a "probably
unique" book, as the copy that first came up
for eale was described.
Several citizens interested In honoring
to the fullest extent the dead Oregon sol
diers being returned from the Philippines,
have suggested to General Summers that
they be interred In some of the public
plazas or parks of the city, where the
monument contemplated might be erected
over them and yet be in a conspicuous
locality. It If argued that the remains
are harmless now, eo far as the bad effects
of a cemetery go, owing to the length of
Tho Only Practicable Way
Through It Neutralization.
New York Journal of Commerce.
Adverse comments made In Washington
on the Hay-Pauncefote treaty show how
extremely provincial some of our states
men are. We suspect that there are men
In congress, as there certainly are in pri
vate life, who have only learned within a
day or two that the Suez canal Is neutral;
who supposed until the publication of the
Hay-Pauncefote treaty that Great Britain
could close that canal to an enemy's war
ships. It would bo of undoubted advan
tage to her if she could do so, but she
agreed a dozen years ago not to, and it is
not to be supposed that she waived the
privilege of closing the toll-gate on the
road to India of her own volition. She
could not stand out against the maritime
nations of the world, and neither can we,
with England herself, far the largest
maritime power, peaceful or belligerent,
In the world at their head.
This paper has never supposed for a
moment that the United States could go
Into a foreign country, cut a canal from
the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean arid give
Its merchant steamers special privileges
therein In peace and Its naval vessels ex
clusive rights in war. There is a good
deal of the world outside of the United
States, and on such an issue as this it
would bo a unit against this country, and
we should make more enemies than we
could afford to have at once if we at
tempted such a policy. But In consenting
to the neutralization of Ihe canal this
country surrenders less practically than
appears upon the surface. Had the canal
been In existence two years ago it would
not have been difficult for Spain to ob
struct the canal by sinking a merchant
steamer in it It might have been a
French steamer obtained for the purpose
between the time that war became a cer
tainty and its commencement. Had a
steamer loaded with explosives been
blown up while passing through, the ca
nal might have been disabled for a long
time. A canal is so easily disabled or
obstructed that its complete neutraliza
tion is the only way of protecting it from
damage at the first indications of ap
proaching war. While Egypt wa3 really
as well as nominally a part of the Turk
ish empire the neutralization of the canal
was a matter of indifference, but when
England occupied Egypt it became im
portant for the rest of Europe to maKn
sure that the canal should he a world's
highway and not an English private
road. '
A great many Americans, Jn congress
and out of it, have seriously supposed
that if we built the Nicaragua canal we
could treat it as a man treats his house.
But up to two years ago we had come in
contact so little with world politics that
wo naturally thought exclusively of our
selves, and heartily answer "Nothing"
to Stanley Matthew's famous question:
"What do we care for abroad?" But this
idea of an interoceanic canal In foreign
territory under our exclusive control was
never anything but a dream. The Hay
Pauncefote treaty changes no facts; it
simply awakes the dreamers and dispels
provincialism. Mr. Nimmo's protest
against the ratification of the treaty is
due to his antagonism to any canal at all.
The duty of the senate is to ratify the
treaty at once. The canal cannot be a de
fensive measure for the United States; It
must be a universal commercial highway,
and for all peaceful purposes the canal
will be the better for an international
guarantee of neutrality.
The chief beneficiary of tho canal at
first will probably be Great Britain; to the
disgust of France she immediately be
came the chief beneficiary of the Suez
canal. But from most Pacific points to
Great Britain the short road lies through
Suez, and the Nicaragua canal will
chiefly shorten distances between our At
lantic and Gulf ports and the far East.
Our use of the canal, therefore, promises
in the future to be greater than Eng
land's. c
PUERTO RICAN TARIFF.
or-toml mior nil th nowlv aeniilrad nae- I
sessions of the United States, then a law
for the admission of Pirtrto Rlenn prod
ucts duty free of mere surplusage.1 But if
it rests In the discretion of congress to
treat Puerto Rico and the Philippines, not
as parts of the United States, but as
property belonging to ins United States,
which under the constitution it has full
power to govern, tnen congress, adapting
its legislation to the special needs of each
case, is not obliged to enact for the Phil
ippines the same tariff laws It does for
Puerto Rtco.
Tho real reason for this unwillingness
to let in Puerto Riean products duty free
is the insane fear or some American pro
ducers that they will be harmed thereby.
The tobacco-growers, for instance, think
the free admission of Puerto Rlcan to
bacco may be followed by that of Philip
pine tobacco. But that will not follow
if congress have plenary power over the
Insular possessions. If it has not, then,
the tobacco-raisers and beet-sugar manu
facturers win have to submit to compe
tition from that quarter, whether they
like it or not.
i o I
MRS. IiAWTON AND SOME OTHERS.
No General Jm.y for Pension to
Families of Regular Army Ofllccrs.
Chicago Inter-Ocean.
The American people have given nearly
5100,000 to Mrs. Henry W. Lawton as a
token of their appreciation of her hus
band's great services to his country, and
in so doing have done well. But there
are some other widows and children who
deserve to be remembered.
For instance, there is the widow of
Colonel Egbert, who made a gallant rec
ord in the civil war, was dangerously
wounded at Santiago, and was killed at
the head of hla regiment in Luzon. Mrs.
Egbert Is entirely without means, and
Is supporting herself and five children by
keeping a boarding-house In Manila. Cap
tain Grldley, whom Dewey told to "Are
when ready" on that glorious May day
in Manila bay, left his wife and mother
dependent on the generosity of his coun
trymen. Commander Wood, who com
manded the Petrel in the same action,
left a family without support.
Colonel John D. Mlley, who was Shat
ter's chief-of-staff at Santiago, and work
ed himself to death straightening out the
chaos of Spanish corruption in the Man la
custom-house, left a widow and three chil
dren nearly destitute. Colonel Stotsen
burg, who made the First Nebraska one
of the most efficient regiments that ever
marched under our flag, and fell at its
head, left a large family In poverty. The
two Caprons, one of whom fell at San
tiago, and the other died of d'sease in
curred in that campaign, left widows
and children dependent on a relative who
is himself a poor man. The widow of
Colonel Guy Howard, killed in Luzon.
has three children and is penniless. And
several other cases of widows and chil
dren of officers of lower rank, but no
less devoted to their duty, might be men
tioned. Contrary to the current public impres
sion, there is no general law for the pen
sioning of. widows and minor children of
officers of the regular army. All such
pensions are by special act of congress,
which rarely grants more than( J30 a
month. It Is evident that such a sum will
not go far toward the support and edu
cation of children. The private soldier's
term of enlistment Is short, and If he
makes a profession of the military service
he is at least sure of a comfortable home
In hla oid age. But the officer, to he
of value to his country, must stay, In the
service, and then death cuts off the means
of supporting his family.
8
Hay's Statesmanship Merits Support.
New York Evening Post.
A modification of the treaty necessarily
meant a friendly attempt to agree with
Great Britain, Instead of berating her. If
there was to" be any diplomatic progress
at all, Mr. Hay clearly saw that
the shirt-sleeves and shotgun meth
ods of the art of managing
foreign relations must give way to
civilized usages. More than that, beirwr
a man with a mental horizon not bounded
by the valley of the Ohio, In- touch with
international Ideas, familiar with the con
ception of a world's commerce and a
world's peace, and their needs, the sec
retary of state has risen to Ms great
opportunity of preparing tho way for an
Interoceanic canal that shall be a means
of international unity and amity, as well
as a highway of international commerce.
Tho true control of the canal In time of
war is at sea. The power able to beat
an enemy's fleet before it gets in sight of
the canal is the power that will be able
to prevent a foe from utilizing it in war.
That was true under the Clayton-Bulwer
treaty; It will remain true under its pro
posed modification.
But wo suspect the opposition to Secre
tary Hay's beneficent diplomacy has
other and baser motives. The men act
uated by them can work against Secre
tary Hay only in darkness and secrecy.
What he has done is so plainly in the
interests not only of this country, but
of all the world; is so undeniably In the
line of progress and humanity, that the
friends of civilization and peace should
see to it that his statesmanlike achieve
ment be not crippled or defeated.
e
An Estimate of Senator Turner.
Toronto Telegram.
Senator Turner was practically snatched
from the jaws of the poorhouso by the.
wealth of a mine In Canadian territory.
He of all men ought to have been
ashamed to rise In the United States sen
ate and proclaim his sympathy with the
Boers and his hopes for the defeat of the
nation whose flag sheltered his successful
pursuit of wealth.
GOSSIP OF THE NATIONAL CATITAL
UTASHraGTOX. JW. U A feeling of
Insecurity Is prevalent among repubacan
leaders, and they are mng now to
avoid legislation upon a.l inoatlons which
will enlarg th defensive campaign that
must be made. It to mattaed that "he
gold standard tnll will loaa some wavering
silver men. bat tear to exawaaaed that it
will not bold all the gold democrats,
who may seek to return to thw old party
on other issues. There to also groat fear
expressed on account oC th edtect
the South African war. Men who nave
traveled about the country a Brent duuf
And considerable dissatisfaction aming the
Irtoh and German voetB on amoun at
apparent friendliness of tha ndnrtKtote
tJon with the British xovernaMnt. but
one of the greatest causes of alarm Is Ian
continued and persistent declnrnttowa C
the opposition that the repubneax party
is the ally and supporter of the UatieH.
Upon this subject it Is felt that float
must be a defensive campaign tNaf tin
time It opens. Every act of tha aotooMi
trattoa must stand the teat and avaty
campaign orator must be ready ta an
swer every charge.
One of the leading republicans set to
day that the attempts to re-elect an ad
ministration from tha tune of Lincoln and
made it apparent that it was not gatd
policy, although he had nothing at
fair words for McKlnley'g course, wMah
hi commended. It is safe te say taut: to.
the legislation which hi to com ap here
after care will be taken to connaa Ik to
what to necessary and not to mjeet any
more Issues into th campaign which wm
require defense.
The bright spot in the outlook to the pop
ular position of th republican edndwto
tratton on the Philippine question. The
democrats have made what might have
been a serious situation somewhat ease
by going wrong at a most Inopportune
time upon a most Important isau and one
which is most popular among th ptnle.
There seems a feeling also thai
will not be allowed to be the mam
but that a general attacK upon
acts and policies with the hope of win
ning enough votes m doubtful states to
carry the electoral college, will be me
plan of th democratic campaign, 'vigor
ous party work by the repabneaaa has
also been decided upon.
Te Get Rid of BryaalsB.
Gorman of Maryland and Craaar of
New York are credited with a destoe to
have Bryan nominated and defeated so
as to remove Bryanism forever from ta
party. With this end in view they are
said to be urging the gold democrats to
give a quasi support to th Nearaeha
man. Immediately after Bryan to de
feated, a Gorman movement is to a
started, Croker guaranteeing New York
and other Eastern states, while the old
Gorman guard throughout the eountry Is
to be rallied for the Meryland man.
Canal Treaty and Bill May Go Over.
The friends of the Nicaragua canal are
in a very serious predicament. Taey fear
that if they defeat the treaty, watch ta
J not satisfactory to them, they win en
danger the building of the canal. Tato
view is taken by the Oregon and Wash
ington senators, especially. would pre
fer to have th canal absolutely under
the control of the United States, but
who are anxious, on account of Its com
mercial Importance to the Pacta coast,
to have it built, even if the treaty Is
not wholly satisfactory. Tata to the en
thing which will ratify the treaty. The
desire to have th canal built tor com
mercial purposes will outweigh the eaao
sltion to the treaty, even if some sacri
fice to made by the neutrality agreement.
Senator Davis, chairman of the commit
tee on foreign relations, is quoted as say
ing that be thinks the treaty win go
through without amendment. There to a
very strong undercurrent of opinion that
the treaty, as well as the eaaal boVwiU
go over for another session.
Chandler's Felltleal SateJde.
The republican leaders, and. In foot, the
democratic leaders as well, are at a less
to understand the peculiar position that
Chandler has taken on the nnaneial toll.
All of the New Bnaiand men say that
it dooms him to certain defeat as a can
didate for the senate, and that he to nei
ther helping haa party nor MmeeJf.
Insane Fear of American Producers
Discredited.
Chicago Tribune.
Tho republican members of the senate
committee on Puerto Rico have decided
that they will not give their sanction to a
bill leveling all tariff barriers between
the United States and that island. Their
plan is to let those products of the island
which are not already on the free list en
tor tho United States on the payment of
25 per cent of the present tariff duties.
This will be a great relief for the Puerto
Ricans, though not so great a relief as
the complete free trade with the United-
States which the president urged so
strongly in his message. He gives twice
who gives quickly, and the Puerto RIcans
will be better pleased with an immediate
75 per cent reduction of tariff duties than
with a long-deferred 100 per cent reduc
tion. The reason assigned for this failure to
come up to the full measure of the presi
dent's wishes Is that the course It Is pro
posed to pursue will bring the whole ques
tion of insular government into the United
States courts, so that a decision may be
had defining the exact status of the newly
acquired islands. It is assumed that soma
Importer who is required to pay the 25
per cent tariff will object that all the
provisions of the constitution extend over
Puerto Rico, and that no duty of any
kind can be levied on the products of that
Island. But that question has been raised
already. A case Is now on Its way to the
supreme court, and will be determined
there before any case originating under
the bill it Is proposed to pass can reach
that tribunal.' So the alleged reason 13
not a good one.
Another reason which has been assigned
for not extending the tariff and other laws
of the United States to Puerto Rico Is
that it would form a precedent which
would have to be followed as regards the
Philippines. That Is to say, if congress
saw fit to extend the DIngley tariff to
Puerto Rico it would have to extend it
to the Philippines also, and there would
be an end of the "open door" of those
islands. All nations are on commercial
equality there now with the United States.
They would not be If the DIngley tariff
governed there.
This reason is not a good one. If. as is
contended by some, the provisions of the
constitution, unaided by act of congress.
Itwas a gold mine, too; and yet he
professes a desire to degrade gold and to
exalt sliver. He Is merely a pervert, look
at him how you will.
e t '
Educate the Senate.
New York Times.
Wo think there is the gravest reason to
fear the failure of the present treaty. We
are confident that it would not fall, but
would be promptly ratified, and would have
the cordial approval of the American peo
ple, if both the senate and the people had
a clear understanding of the principles
Involved, and of our true relations in peace
and war to the canal. It is for the ad
mlnstratlon to undertake the campaign of
educatfbn in the senate.
i e
It Can Be Communicated.
New York Post.
Is the sufferer from malaria a source
of danger to healthy neighbors? The ques
tion came before the last meeting of the
HnMntn. Piemontese d'Igiene. and was
answered In tfae affirmative by Dr. Pio
Foa, professor of pathological anatomy in
the university of Turin. On the strength
of recent discoveries, checked by still lat-
er experiments, nuioi . .-...-tained
that malaria could be indirectly
communicated. .
T '
Stevenson of the letters.
B Paul Newman in the Leaden Seeetater.
Long, hatehet face, black hair, and haaatiag
gaze.
That follows ae you move about the room.
Ah, this te he who trod the darkening way.
And. plucked the flowers upon the edge of
dooa
The bright, sweet-scented flowers that star the
road
To Death's dim awelllug. Others heed them
not,
"With sad eyes fixed upon that drear abode,
"Weeping, aad walling their unhappy lot.
But he went laughing down the shadowed way.
The boy's heart leaping otlH wlthla hla breast.
"Weaving bte garlands whea. Ala mood was gay.
Mocking his sorrows with a solemn jest.
The high Gods gave him wine to drink; a cop
Of strong dartre, of knowledge aad of pah.
He set it to hte lips and drank it up.
Then, smiling', turned unto hla flowers again.
These are the flowers of t&at immortal strain
"Which, when the hand that plucked them
drops and dies.
Still keep their radiant beauty free from stain.
And breathe their fragrance through the
centuries.
Too Many CemmlHileHt.
A great many people In congress are
becoming tired of commisskms. The nu
merous commissions that have been ap
pointed during the term of the president
have caused a great deal of talk, and every
time a new commission Is selected, eatte
a little stir to created among tho men
who are really anxious for republican
success, but who think that In this par
ticular line the president to overdoing the
matter. Every commission te more or toss
expensive, and there seems to be na end
to them. Every scheme of government
proposed for the new possessions prom
isee that there shall be a commtosien se
lected. The United States got along all
right without a commission in Alaska, and
a great many people think It will be
very well without one m Puerto Blco.
There are those who think it ta very much
better to have a military government
rather than to have conunteetons. , These
commissions are fostered by congress, of
course, because every time one ta created
it means considerable patronage to be be
stowed, and every man has some one look
ing for a place. Of course, many of the
commissions selected have been of good
men and prominent In public life, but
generally there is too much favoritism,
and the result is that little good to accom
plished by them. It is understood that the
president favors those eommtsskms be
cause it relieves him of a great deal of
responsibility.
The SHBinariiie Seat.
It has not yet been demonstrated wheth
er submarine boats will be available la
naval warfare. The craft known as the
Holland submarine boat has receive: a
trial out In the ocean, and was brought
around to Washington for the purpose of
having a trial made in sight of tho mem
bers of the naval committees of both sen
ate and house. Th trial has not taken
place. It has been decided that the steam
engines of the Holland must be reptaoed
by gas engines, in order to make It suc
cessful. There are several other features
of the Holland that are yet In an em
bryo state. It will be necessary to have
the ship balance exaefcy, or It win not
work. It Is almost sure that th launch
ing of a torpedo, which ta th work the
Holland ta intended to do, would disturb
ite equilibrium very largely, and possibly
cause it to shoot in the air and be a
target at the mercy of the enemy's guaa.
or it might be so arranged that It would
dive down so far in the water that it
could not be righted, and com near
enough to th surface, as It to Intended.
There is a great deal yet to be done te
make it anywhere near a peneet nam
ing machine.
Secretary Rest as a Lawmaker.
Somebody asked Secretary Jtoat how he
was getting along with the war depart
ment, and he replied that to a lawyer tha
method of governing th acqutottiong ced
ed by Spain was decidedly interesting.
"Why." he said, "I Had that I can make
and unmake laws and statutes by a mere
stroke of the pen. To a man who has
been used to seeing mils carefully consid
ered, before they are enacted Into laws,
and those laws carefully construed by the
courts before they are accepted, it seems
decidedly odd to sit down and -writ a
few lines and say that this shall be the
law. But that to the way we are doing
it, and tho way we will continue to do It
until congress legislates otherwise. In
fact, there ta no other way of managing
these islands while they are under mill
tary control.' These laws that Secretary
Root speaks of making govern Cuba,
Puerto Rico and the Philippines, and prob
ably 'the secretary of war has created
more law for Cuba than for any of tbe
other Spanish islands. Here ho has found
it necessary to postpone the payment oi
debts, suspend foreclosures of mortgages
and otherwise to prescribe statutes tut
the islands.