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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 14, 1900)
THE MORNING OEEGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1900: FOR PURER BUTTER Oregon Dairymen Frown on Sale of Oleomargarine. A DISCRIMINATING TAX ADVOCATED Xe Philippine Duty ea ' American. Butter Aiuma! Section of Offl- eera ef the Association. ALBAXY, Or., Feb. 13. The Oregon Dairymen's Aseeetatiea. concluded a two days' aoooton tonight. The election of president turned oat aaexpectedly. Up to the time the vote was taken it looked as If George L. Reee, of. Albany, would have no opposition. Thomas Paulsen, who has been prortdont for seven years, asked, in hie annual address, that be he relieved of further responsttriHty When nominations were called for, G. W. Weeks, of Salem, named Mr. Paulsen, and C. H. Walker, of Albany, named Mr. Bees. President Paulsen was re-elected, receiving 19 votes to 10 for Re, Other officers elected were. Yieeresidents, C. H. Walker, of Albany, and William Bchulmerlch, of Far-mingle; secretary and treasurer, F. L. Kent, of CervalUs. The association memorialized congress to remove the Spanish duties from butter and other American products exported to the Philippines. ew Laws Favored. When the Oregon Dairymen's Associa tion reassembled this morning, the com mittee on resolutions made the following report, which was adopted: Resolved, That the Oregon Dairymen's Association respectfully urges the Oregon delegation in congress to do all in their power to aid the passage by congress of the bill known as the Grant bill, which provides for reducing the tax on uncol ored oleomargarine to one-fourth of 1 cent per pound, and for increasing the tax on colored oleomargarine to 16 cents a pound, and further provides that oleomargarine, when it enters a state, shall be subject to the laws thereof. ' Resolved, That It is to the Interest of every dairyman to refrain from consign ing his products to any commission house which handles adulterated products or process butter. "Resolved, That the Oregon Dairymen's Association hereby expresses Its apprecia tion of the energetic and faithful work of our dairy and food commissioner, J. W. Bailey, in preventing the illegal sale of adulterated dairy products, and hereby urges htm to continue the good work." Other resolutions included thanks to all who had helped to make the meeting a success. The association voted $dfi to help the Kational Dairy Union to secure the leg islation outlined in the foregoing resolu tions. Talae ef Red Clover. C. H. Walker read a paper on "Red Clover as a Factor in Dairying." He said that the greatest single value of clover is as a fertiliser. G. L. Shaw, who lives near Albany, sowed M acres to this crop. He cut two tons of hay per acre. When the clover was turned under it was found to be matted with roots and that it pro duced from to S6 tons of fertilizer per acre. Red Clover can oe successfully raised In the Willamette valley, though for a long time this was doubtful. Ore gon land Is wearing out from continuous wheat growing, It is deteriorating year after year, and needs something to en rich it. Clover makes the best pasture, it is uaexcelled tec soiling, it is very valua ble for the silo and nothing Is better for hay Dairying m Oregon is getting down to scientific principles, but there, never, will be genuine success until farmers plant clover, adopt the silo and Tealize that the creamery is their best friend. Sell Is the Farmer's Capital. Dr. James Withycorabe delivered 'an ad dress on "Dairying In Its Relation to the Fertility of the Soil." He held that the farmer's stock in trade is the fertility of the soil. Dr. Wlthyoombe sJd that this is a period of organization and concen tration of capital and production. Trusts are not organized to rob the people, but mainly for economical production. This concentration, extending to all lines of In dustry, will ultimately deprive thousands of men of employment, and they will drift back to the farms. Fanners should fall in line with the spirit of the times, organ ise and reach out for foreign markets. Dr. Wlthyoombe said a ton of wheat takes J7 47 worth of fertilizers from the soil, and Is worth only $16 at present prices, white & ton of butter, worth $500, takes but M cents' worth of fertilizer from the farm. The speaker closed with a etrone appeal to his hearers to take care of their by-products and stop all wastes on the farm. The Closing- Sessions. At the afternoon session resolutions In memory of the late Warren Cranston, ex president of the association, were adopted. The annual report of Secretary Kent showed a balance on hand of $88 5. President Paulsen, In his annual address, said that a large amount of the butter manufactured in Oregon was produced un der conditions which entailed great loss, not only to the producers, but to the dairy Interest at large, because the low Drlce at which this butter is sold forces down the price of the better article. The rem edy for this, he sam, is education of dairymen and iffueiond or dairying knowl edge. Papers read at the afternoon and even lnr sessions wore: "Milk Fever and Its Causea," by Dr. William McLean, of Portland: "Kffect of Feed on Butter Fat," by Professor F. I Kent, of Corvallls; "Butter Substitutes," by Professor G. W. Shaw, of Corvaltts; "Transportation." by C H. Markham, of Portland; "The Dairy Industry." by J. W. Bailey, of Portland. Advocated Diversified Farming. President Paulsen took a broad view of the future in his happy response to Judge Hewitt's address of welcome. Great as have been the changes in agricultural life in the past few years, far greater changes are la store for the Northwest. Let dairy ing be developed as It is In Wisconsin and other Eastern states, and Oregon will sup port ten times as many people as It now has. While the speaker considered the prevailing low price of wheat a misfor tune, he was not certain that It was not a blessing in disguise. It will turn the mind of the farmer away from the Idea of putting his full trust to wheat and open his eyes to the advantage, profit and In dependence of diversified farming. Dairy ing, said President Paulson, means the raising of a whole lot on Httle ground. One acre can be brought to produce more profit than M9 acres do now. Wheat farm ing, even in the most favored localities, is not prontafale. People used to say, and, . vlLmtt an '. t81 the soH of the Willamette valley is so fertile that successive crops could be raised on It without impairing its vitality. Mr. Paul sen said this was an absurd idea, and that it should not be given credence. He did not believe that there could be a constant taking from the soil, year after year, and ? rtu5n to !t rtthout impoverishing It. He thought that the time had come when it could Justly be said that the soil of the Valley had been drained by years of ucoesslvo crops of wheat, and that the soil hould be restored. He recommended dairying as the best restorative agency. SotUasr Crops. Addressing the meeting on the subject, "Soiling Crops," G. W. Weeks, of Salem, cald: "Erary wad-lnforme dairyman must look at mttc production from two stand points per cow and per acre. He must aim to keep the bent aow passible and to produce the largest amount of good mule foot possible per acre. To do this to keep a cow up to her fullest ca pacity the season through, Oregon dalry- tnen have to resort to something besides Ehe average- pasture. It might not be amiss for me to give here the standing descrip tion of feeding standards always seen in the columns of Hoard's Dairyman. They are as follows: Digestible Xutrlenta. Dry matter, Hw . 23 to 28. Protein, lbat. 2.0 to 2.5. Carbohydrates lbs., 12 to 15.0. Ether extract, lbs., 0.5 to 0.8. Glossary. The terms used In the discussion of feeding problems In Hoard's Dalrynian have the following- significance: Ration The total allowance or feed for 24 hours. Dry matter That portion of a feeding stuff which remains after all the water or moisture has been expelled by heat. Digestible nutrients That portion, of the dry matter which can be digested by the animal and does not pass off through the bowels as ex crement. Protein That part of the dig'estlble nutrients which goes to the formation of lean meat, liga ments, hair, horns and the casein (or curd) of milk. It Is generally believed also that protein may be, and many times is converted Into the fat found la milk. The basis of. protein Is ni trogen, hence the protein elements are fre quently termed the nitrogenous parts of the food. They are also called albuminoids. Carbohjdratea-That part of the digestible nutrients, wtolch Is the primary source of sus taining animal heat and furnishing the energy for keeping the animal mechanism In operation. They are composed of tiie woody fiber of the plant and grain, and the starch, sugar, gums, etc. and In the published tables of chemical analyses are usually subdivided Into the terms crude fiber, which is the least digtetible portion of feeding stuffs and nltrugtn free extract, so called because It does not contain any nitrogen. Ether extract That portion of the digestible nutrients which may be dissolved out of the foodstuffs by ether. It Is frequently called crude fat. It can be used by the animal for maintaining the body temperature, and for Uils purpose Is from 2.2 to 2.5 times more efficacious than the carbohydrates. It Is maintained by some that the fat In the milk comes largely from tho crude fat in the food, but It has b-jen demonstrated that It Is not absolutely neces sary for this purpose. "My object In giving these feeding stand ards Is to Induce every dairyman to learn how to compound rations. If a musician did not know how to read notes, he would not be called a musician. In other words, a worxman must know the names and uses, of his tools or he cannot be a success. "My experience teaches that the vetch gives the best results for early spring feeding. It Is sown about October L It Is eaten with relish by all farm stock. I use a drill for seeding the crop and sow: about two bushels of seed to the acre. I sow with it about three quarts of rye to the acre. This Is the only grain that will reach above the vetch and hold It up. "The next best crop Is the pea. It Is sown with a drill and as early In the spring as possible. I use about 2& bushels of seed to the acre, and put It in as deep as possible, with a drill. I cross sow with a bushel of oats to the acre, throwing the grain broadcast and harrowing it in after ward. I have been able to get better re sults from this combination for summer feeding than from the vetch, although the vetch makes the best early spring feed. The peas come nearer being a balanced ration, and if cut Into a silo I believe would give the same results. "If a person wishes to soil all summer, It would be advisable to sow one crop In March, another In April and so on as long as the grain would grow. I am, however, of the opinion that all up-to-date dairy men will have to resort to the silo to bridge over our dry season. "My corn is planted In May. I plant with a two-horse planter, having the per son using the dropper pull the lever at each step of one of the horses. This makes the hills about 2& feet apart, and I aim to put two or three kernels In a hill. I culti vate as much as possible, using the re versible harrow. After the corn gets too large to harrow, I use the corn plow, going over the ground once a week. I commence feeding corn as soon as it is large enough for roasting ears. The corn Is prepared for feeding by being run through an ensilage cutter. "I am of the opinion that If a dairyman will follow these rules he will never bo without plenty of good feed, and conse quently will always have a continuous flow of good milk. Oats make a good soiling crop, but I find It Is very expensive. All kinds of vegetation can be used in the silo as well as for soiling. I am of the opinion that these methods of feeding will, In the near future, outrival Oregon pas tures." In the discussion that followed the read ing of the paper, Mr. Weeks, answering questions from all parts of the hall, em phatically declared that the silo would prove the salvation of the dairying Indus try In Oregon. Dairymen In this state, he said, must resort to the silo to keep up the standard of their herds. Mr. Weeks said that because of the rankness of the grasses that grow In this state, Oregon is able to produce a pound of butter at less cost than any other place In the world. How to Make Up a Herd. C. L. Shaw gave the experience of a practical dairyman when he told how to create and care for a dairy herd. He said: "In making up a dairy herd only regis tered cattle should be bought. Few of us are able to stand this heavy expense, and we are therefore obliged to build up from mixed breeds. Whatever breed the dairyman selects, he should stick to it. Nothing Is gained by cross-breeding. Many people think that any kind of a cow will prove profitable, but this assumption does not hold. Good cows are found in all breeds of animals, but this fact should not be accepted as an excuse to build up a herd from scrub breeds. "The dairyman, having built up a herd, should proceed to ascertain which of his cows are profitable. This can be done by systematic weighing of the milk and by the Babcock test to determine the per centage of butter fat In the milk. By con tinuing the tests and weeding out the poor cows, the dairyman will have In time a profitable herd. Only the heifers of the profitable cows should be saved and raised. All unprofitable cows should be sold to the butcher as soon as their un profitableness is determined. "The best-solected herd of the very best cows will not prove profitable unless giv en plenty of good food and painstaking care. The herd should have a warm and well-ventilated stable. Thus cared for, the cows will not require so much food to keep up their animal heat. A cow should have all the food that she can consume. The dairyman should not grum ble at the extra allowance of food, for therein Is his profit In butter and cheese. The principal reason why many of our dairies fall is that the cows are given only sufficient food for their own maintenance, and not enough for butter and milk. Order Is essential In the management of dairies. Milk at the same time every day and let the same person milk -the same cow at all times. Cows milked at the same time every day give more milk than If there Is irregularity In the milking time. If there must be changes they should be gradual, not sudden, a few minutes later or earlier each daj until the time pre ferred Is reached. I find that it makes no difference in the milk whether a cow is fed before or after milking, but there Is difference both In the quantity and the quality of the milk if the cow Is fed some times before and sometimes after, milk ing. The explanation of this Is that the cow expects her food at the same hour every day. and if she does not get It she becomes nervous, and goes back on her milk. "Great care should be exercised In com pounding the dally ration of the cow. Cows that are habitual kickers should be sent to the butcher. Heifers that be come fresh In the spring are better than those that become fresh In the fall or winter. Give heifers the habit of long milking. Remember that with dairying as with all other things, the rule holds good that you cannot got something out of nothing. Therefore, give the dairy your very best management if you wish the most profitable results." Dairying In Minnesota. Fred D. Culver, of Chicago, cited dairy ing progress in Minnesota to illustrate what Oregon farmers can do by intelli gent effort and wise direction. "Thirteen years ago," he said, "the farmers of Min nesota were compelled, after three suc cessive years of crop failure, to turn away from wheat and to adopt some other means of recruiting their resources. Dairy ing was taken up, and it has made such rapid progress that sales of dairy products last year were between $20,000,000 and $25, 000,000. The creameries alone made about 63,000,000 pounds of butter, of which over 50,000,000 pounds were shipped. Very near ly the same conditions exist with respect to wheat production in Oregon and Wash ington today as existed In Minnesota 13 years ago. Your farmers are dissatisfied with wheat farming. They grumble that it does not pay. Still they hold back from mixed or diversified farming, fearing that it will not prove profitable. For some unaccountable reason they seem to think that they can buy eggs, butter and cheese cheaper than they can produce them. Though I am not fully acquainted with conditions in the Northwest, I think that the doubt which has arisen as to the prof itableness of mixed farming Is based upon false grounds. I am satisfied that Oregon and Washington can produce butter and cheese cheaper than the Middle West can. You have an abundance of cheap food in this coast country that Is now going to waste, that, if fed to advantage, would bring in thousands of dollars every year. For all that, and with the disadvantage in cost and availability of large quanti ties of feed against us, we ship millions of pounds of butter to the Eastern mar kets, for which at present we are getting 23 and 24 cents a pound. Out here you get 27 to 28 cents. Our average price paid by co-operative, creameries for eight or nine years past has been about 20 cents per pound for butter fat Our farmers figure that they are well paid when they get from 60 to 65 cents per 100 pounds for their milk. I am Informed by some of our best dairymen that the actual cost of feed required for a pound of butter does not exceed 30 cents per hun dredweight. If the farmers of Oregon will take as much Interest in dairying as the farmers of Minnesota and Iowa the same excellent results await them. Dairying Is up to date lri" Minnesota, and silos are in general use. "Ten years ago the farmers of Minne sota did a credit business. With few ex ceptions, the merchants were forced to extend credit to their customers. But such is the prosperity that has come from dairying and the abandonment of wteat as the exclusive product of the farm, that the farmers are now extremely prosper ous. They receive pay for their milk every month, and are not onlv able to pay their bills, but you will find a large percentage of them have bank accounts Instead of owing for the groceries as they used to. Minnesota farmers get a profit of from $30 to $50 a year from each cow. not count ing the calf or the skim milk. Besides, their land has had a chance to rest, and it now produces more of whatever is seeded to it than ever before. "It is the man who feeds his cows as they should be fed and treats them kind ly that makes the money. The ordinary cow under propGr conditions Is the most profitable to the man who Is just starting Into dairying. No matter how high the breed may be, the cow will be valueless until she receives good food and plenty of It, and is kindly treated. Un derfeed or mistreat your cow, and you Impair your capital; impair your capital and your business will fall." Cheese and Butter Manufacture. T. S. Townsend, of Portland, was at "home with the subject, "Manufacture of Butter and Cheese." Sixteen years ago he came to Albany to start a creamery, and was laughed out of town. Not the slightest encouragement was offered to him. Farmers found It so easy to make a living by raising wheat and fruit that they would not listen to dairy talk. Nat urally, Mr. Townsend was pleased to ad dress a dairymen's association In a town that had proved dairying successful, the very town that would take no Interest in dairying 16 years ago. Mr. Townsend con tinued: "Dairying Is the most profitable indus try that can engage the attention of the farmer. From It he will get a larger re turn than from anything else produced on the farm. Anything less than 100 per cent profit on the Investment Is a low margin. If the cow is well fed and properly treat ed she knows no better than to pay you well. You should not keep in your dairy a cow that gives less than 300 pounds of butter a year." Mr. Townsend complimented the Wil lamette valley on being one of the most Ideal places in the United States for dairy ing. He hoped that dairying would be come more universal and that carloads in stead of boxes of butter would be shipped to Portland. He assured his hearers that Portland merchants have orders from Se attle for butter, and are unable to fill them because of lack of supply. In con sequence, Seattle Is buying butter from the Middle West. Mr. Townsend did not fear danger from overproduction. For at least 10 or 12 years there will be big de mand for butter and cheese at living prices. He said that Asia will use large quantities of butter and cheese, and that the farmers of Oregon should be prepared to meet this demand. Mr. Townsend fa vored organization among dairymen to get butter and cheese to market in better shape, and ampng jobbers for the conduct of business on more satisfactory lines. In conclusion he read the following let ter from ex-Governor Hoard, of Wiscon sin, editor of Hoard's Dairyman: "I think, as the Orient and all the trade commerce of that part of the globe de velops, you have in Oregon and Washing ton In particular a magnificent future for your dairy productions, and I hope to see you improve it all you can. I believe that the key to progress everywhere, whether it be in the East or West, Is the industrial education and enlightenment of the man who milks the cow. The whole procession waits for him, and can make no progress, practically, faster than his assent Is given. Therefore, everything and anything which enlightens him gives a strong impetus to ho economical success of the business." Cotvs Vs. Whent. G.-L. Rees, of Albany, madea general address on dairying, in the course of which he said: "The most Important question that the farmers leave unanswered today Is: In what way can we farm our lands at a profit, and at the same time prevent the farm from wearing out?' In answer, I would suggest that land never wears out If properly handled; It only becomes tired and needs rest, or change In crops, and there Is nothing that enables a farmer to diversify his crops more than a cream ery. By patronizing a creamery he is enabled to receive cash for all the products of his farm, and at the same time be enabled to build up his farm, as well as President Thomas Paulsen. his stock, thereby being a great benefit to the community in which he lives. "When we better the condition of the farmer we are helping every line o in dustry in the state, and it gives me great pleasure to see so many farmers trying to get out of the old rut and looking forward to more pleasant and profitable ways of managing their farms; by showing a disposition to meet with the business men, railroad men, capitalists and counsel with them, trying to agree upon some plan that will enable ua to talk together, work togetner, buy to gether and sell together; and that is the object of this co-operation. "I have a few figures to present, hoping to show what it costs to raise a bushel of wheat; also the cost of producing a pound of butter. We will say a man comes to the state of Oregon with some money, ex pecting to engage in wheatralslng, wishing to purchase 100 acres of good wheat land, at $30 per acre. The cost to him ia: Purchase price of farm $3000 09 Seed wheat, 200 bushels 100 0U Three horses 220 00 Feed for horses one year. 150 to Harness 30 00 Wagon fcOOO Plow, harrow and drill 100 00 Binder 340 00 Twine 25 00 Threshing 120 u) Shocking of grain 15 CO Interest on investment 324 40 Cost of first crop $4504 40 Grain raised, bushels 2000 Sold at 50c per bushel ,....$1000 00 "This leaves a balance on the wrong side of the ledger for the farmer of $3504 40, but he has his farm, machinery and horses paid for, but to raise another crop he will have to buy seed and feed again, for you see he has sold his entire crop. He would still be safe If he could continue to make his farm yield 20 bushels to the acre, and his horses and machinery did not wear out. But from, natural consequences they do wear out, and in a short time haye to be replaced. "If he could get 50 cents per bushel (which he cannot always do), and allow ing himself wages of at least $600, for he lias to board himself, because all of his land has been used In raising wheat, after his time and Interest on his Investment is taken out he would have 76 40 as a balance, which would not repay him for the depreciation of his horses and the natural wear of the machinery, saying nothing about the condition of his land, which we all know gets poorer every year when repeatedly sown to wheat. "Now, what can a creamery do for the farmer, and what will It tost to engage in the dairy business? One man need only have 50 acres of land; value of 'land, $30 per acre: Purchase price of farm $1500 00 Cost of seed corn for 25 acres 10 00 Cost of vetches, oats and clover seed for 25 acres 20 00 Two horses 150 00 Feed for horses 150 00 Harness 20 011 Wagon 80 00 Plow and harrow 30 00 Twenty-five cows at $50 each 750 00 Feed for same per year, $40 each.... 1000 OQ Amount of money paid out $3710 00 Interest on Investment. 296 80 Total amount of cost ..... $4006 80 "Value of 100 tons of ensilage from 25 acres of corn 500 M Value of 80 tons of hay, from 25 acres of clover and oats 400 00 "Butter from 25 cows 1500 00 Calves sold for veal 100 00 Total amount earned by dairy... i$2500 00 Deduct (for wages) 600 00 Total net earnings $1900 00 "And, at the same time, your farm Is In a better condition than It was before, and will continue to get better as long as It Is handled Intelligently, a fact that the farmer cannot afford to lose sight of, and when the cows begin to wear out they can be fattened and sold for beef; therefore, It takes an Investment of $4504 40 to produce $1000 worth of wheat, against an investment of $4006 80, Invested In a dairy farm, which will produce $1900 dairy prod ucts. That Is what a creamery can do for an agricultural district; therefore, It takes 100 acres of land, with an Invest ment of $4501 40 to produce $1000 worth of wheat, where the man with the dairy has 50 acres with $4006 80 Invested and can produce $1900; consequently, If the farmer wishes to succeed, he must keep more cows, and raise less wheat." The Commercial Aspect. Thomas G. Farrell, of Portland, spoke on "The Commercial Side of Dairying." He said; "The commercial side of dairying, the side from which the support and revenue comes, Is, of course, all-Important. We all know this, and realize It fully. But few of us are situated as was a late de parted banker of Portland, who produced on his model farms considerable butter, which he laughingly said cost him In the neighborhood of $1 per pound. Most of us want to see the balance on, the right side of the ledger, and I think' the books of most progressive dairymen In Oregon will stand Inspection. I have been con nected with the marketing of dairy prod ucts but a few years, but In that brief time conditions have greatly changed. Creameries were Just being established, and separators were just being introduced. There was very little really good butter produced In the state. In the spring the market was flooded with poor dairy roll butter, and what we term 'country-store,' 1. e., mixed dairy butter taken In by the stores and promiscuously from small pro ducers: In the fall and winter, butter became very scarce In Oregon. There was no creamery butter, none produced In large quantities, the quality of which la even and always the same. Good butter was made, but in small quantities, and if there Is one thing the retailer desires above another, It Is evenness of grade and constant supply. "The creamery business has changed all this; especially the large creameries. I think I can truthfully say that the larger the creamery the better will "be the re sults, quality being equal. At this date dairy roll butter is very scarce, and Is much sought after by some retailers, but I assure you at prices considerably under those of the creamery product. The differ ence in the price is the dairyman's gain. The separator has been a great boon to the dairyman. I have been told that he who milks 8 or 10 cows can save In the increased amount of cream he will market the price of a hand separator in less than a year, and I believe It to be a fact. But ter Is still made from the same fatty particles found In the cow's milk, but the manner of saving these particles and mar keting them has surely been a great fac tor In the commercial side of dairying. "It used to be said that Oregon would never be a dairy state; that she would "always have to Import a great deal more butter than she manufactured; that the practically rainless season of June, July and August would prevent her from gain ing prestige as a dairy country. Perhaps the time will never come when fresh, new grass butter from California will cease to be imported by this state for a month or so in the very early spring. At the present moment, even with our mild win ter, our meadows cannot compete with the fields of California, where the grass Is lodging. Were it not for the fact that two drouths In that state bave so re duced In number of cows, our market would be deluged for a while with cheap, new grass butter. No matter how much June butter the cold-storage warehouses may contain, it will not prevent the importation of some of this highly-flavored new butter. Business-like attention to the breeding of stock, improved methods of feeding. Improved feed, silos, etc., have to a certain extent overcome the bugbear of the dry reason, for the cows must have a rest at any rate. When the cows of the Willamette valley and -of Eastern Oregon are resting, those in the coast count'es of Tillamook, Coos and Clatsop are producing their best. "The market for butter is larger than It was a few years since, -and the people who handle the finished product are differ ent. There are those who will speculate In butter, who will buy any quantity of strictly first-class butter, .who will place It In cold storage, until such a time as It will be wanted and when it wlll prevent tho importation of foreign goods. It Is no use to say that storage butter Is as good as fresh butter, for while it Is said that a properly made article Im proves steadily for five days after It leaved the churn, it begins to deteriorate from that time. A freezing atmosphere retards development and retrogratlon, but does not prevent It. Storage butter. If fancy when first stored and properly handled, comes out good, but not as good as the freshly made article. It may be sweet, but it lacks flavor. It Is, however, much desired by many consumers, and Is, to my notion, a factor in the solution of the problem of successful dairying. In the Eastern states most of the freshly made butter is Immediately packed in ash or spruce tubs, which are convenient for the purpose of storage or for immediate use. We have both ash and spruce in abun dance, and I look to see more butter tubbed In the future. "I am well satisfied that, within the past 12 months, Oregon has exported a great deal more butter than she Im ported.' In other wofds, she has been an exporter of butter. Despite the fact that creamery plants are going up all over the country, considerable of the aforemen tioned store butter Is turned out by a multitude of small producers In the Wil lamette valley. There is at times a firm outside demand for this class of goods. Which Is largely used by bakers. Some people maintain that In sending this class of butter to California we receive it back In the spring as reworked or process but ter. They should give the retailers and dairy authorities credit for more vlg lance. Late in the summer California Is low In hutter, and will buy Oregon storage If the price and quality satisfy. "The Sound cities use more butter than they can get from local points, and it is convenient to draw on Oregon, which they largely do. Many tons of Oregon butter finds It way to the teeming gold fields of Alaska. To the best of my belief not more than one carload of Eastern butter was brought Into the state during the past 12 months, and I am sure sev eral carloads of local goods have been sent to our sister states and territories. "The Coos bay district, a large pro ducer, and, unfortunately, too little tribu tary to the rest of our state, exports to California many thousand pounds of but ter. Some finds Its way to that state from Tillamook another large producer and also unfortunately Isolated. It Is likely that better means of transportation "will make these rich counties more a part of our state ere long. "I will say just a word as to the bugbear process butter.' Much of this class of goods Is vile stuff, as far as flavor and taste are concerned, and, while It looks well enough, will not be largely used. That which is swet and well flavored and some of it has as fine an aroma as the product of our finest dairies Is not low priced, and need cause no alarm. With the present statutes as regard the label ing of this class of goods, dairymen need lose no sleep over 'process butter. "In conclusion, I want to say that I con sider the outlook as regards successful dairying a rosy one, and believe that this Industry will make much money for the state. A vast dalryless country toward the north is filling up with a hungry throng, who have plenty of money for good dairy products. In our own state, In the eastern part of It, new finds of mines and new and rapidly growing towns will draw largely on some one for butter, cheese, etc. We want to supply that de mand, and I believe we will. "The Pacific coast Is now a large con sumer of condensed milk and evaporated cream, and manufacturers are turning their attention toward the production of It at home. California already has three or four such factories, and one has lately started up near Seattle. Plans are out for the establishment of such a factory In our own state, and I look to see It In operation ere long. The price for this article Is such that tho canners are en abled to pay a good price for suitable milk. Many cars of the so-called evap orated cream are yearly Imported from the East, and it should all be produced on this coast. If Oregon was to double her production of dairy products, a mar ket would be found for all." PROFITS OF OXE CREAMERY. Official Report at Annual Meeting of Tillamook Institution. TILLAMOOK, Feb. 12. The annual meet ing of the stockholders of the Tillamook Creamery Company was held on Satur day, over which W. D. Stlllwell presided. There was a goodly attendance of stock holders. The directors, Messrs. Mark Har rison, L. G. Freeman and David Fitzpat rlck, were re-elected. The report of the secretary showed that the factory had received 1,317,121 pounds of milk In 1899. From this was manufac tured 1255 pounds of butter and 137,756 pounds of cheese, the patrons receiving 25 1-3 cents per pound for their butter fat. Owing to other cneese factories and creameries entering the competition for milk, the receipts of milk at the Tillamook creamery were 17000,000 ptrunds less than In 1898, but the dairymen received 5 1-3 cents more per pound for butter fat than in 1898. The Tillamook Creamery Company com menced operating about four years ago, when $1200 was expended on the plant, which Is now worth $3500, that additional amount having been put Into It, instead of paying dividends. At this meeting a dividend of $12 per share was decided upon, the original shares costing $25 each. ' O. Brown has been operating the fac tory for the company. The next creamery company to hold its annual meeting' will be the Tillamook Dairy Association, on the 26th Inst. DISTRESS OF PUERTO RICANS Labor Leaders From tire Island Ap peal to the Government. NEV YORK, Feb. 13.-Igllsias and Ed uardo Conde, Puerto Rlcan labor leaders, who arrived here from that Island a few days ago, have issued an appeal to this government on behalf of the worklngmen of Puerto Rico. The delegates, who have established headquarters In this city, de clare that the working clasa of their Is land have been reduced by reason of the war, the hurricane and the action of this government since the etorm, to a condition of extreme destitution. They declare that unless action Is taken soon riots will occur throughout the island, as the poor are desperate from their sufferings. To get justice, say these delegates, is almost Impossible for the poor, and the laws chiefly result In the disfranchisement of the laborers. Of the 1,000,000 inhabi tants, 600,000 are absolutely paupers through no fault of the!r own. The worklngmen demand a radical change In the government of the island. They ask that the following ordinances of Governor-General Davis be annulled: First That the laborers on the public works shall get more than 25 cents per day for eight hours' work. Second That only property-holders and taxpayers shall vote and those who can read and write. Third That these tax payments of at least $1 shall be paid before a vote la cast. The worklngmen also ask that the ordi nance forbidding appeals from the deci sions of the tribunals be abrogated. They also want a general market for imports and better schools. 1 o North Ynklma Weather, NORTH YAKIMA, "Wash., Feb. 13. The record of the thermometer in thbi valley for the month of January tells a story that is pleasing to the many people of the East who axe here in search of new homes. The lowest temperature recorded In the month was 11 deg. above zero. The maxi mum temperature was 52 above. There was no snow, no wind, and so little ice that none was cut for storage. According to Ob"wvM H. B. Scudder, the coldest Skin-Tortured And Wornout Worried Mothers Find Comfort in CUTICURA. SOME MONTHS AGO OUR BABY'S HEAD GOT SORB. "We tools him to tho doctor, who pronounced it poison and gave seme medicine to suffering mankind to write and tell you "W. W. & J. Completo External and Internal .. Consisting of Coticuba I Hh I SI Jh and nnmllUUng skin, i ilk ubii fiicu all eUo falls. Fomn "How to Care Baby Humors," free. snap here in eight years was 15 deg. below zero. The warmest January In that time was that of 1894, when the mercury hung around 69 above for several days. The mean maximum temperature for January, 1900, was 42.6; the mean minimum, 25.8 above. e NOT FULLY DECIDED ON. Important Matters Discussed bat Xot Determined at Salt Lake. OMAHA, Neb., Feb. 13. High officials declare positively that nothing of import ance was definitely agreed upon at the Salt Lake conference, yet Important mat ters affecting lines to the coast were dis cussed. No one Is prepared to say what was proposed, but it is aid that when de cisions shall be reached definitely the mat ters will be made public It Is positive that no official notification has been Issued by the Union Pacific of the abolition of general agencies at either Salt Lake or Portland, although the change at Butte has been scheduled. The fate of the two remaining 'Western agen cies Is hanging in the balance. (It Is authoritatively given out that the Butte business of the restored system Union Pacific, Oregon Short Line and O. R. & N. will be handled by the Short Line office. Likewise the Union Pacific office In Salt Lake will be closed, and the Short Line will look after everything. In Chi cago, the O. R. & N. and Short Line agencies will close, and the Union Pacific will represent all. The Union Pacific will withdraw from Spokane, leaving the O. It. & N. to represent the system there. No intimation of consolidation in Portland offices has been received; Indeed, the Short Line gives It out that Its office in Port land will be maintained.) Rumor From V. F. Headquarters. OMAHA, Feb. 13. It is rumored at Union Pacific headquarters that the Union Pa cific will not after all abandon Its agen cies in Portland and other coast points in the Oregon Railroad & Navigation terri tory. The ticket agents have not been dis pensed with, and the agents of the freight department have not been relieved, and the general opinion at the headquarters Is that they will not be, though those high In authority are noncommittal. The fact that the changes have been made in Butte In both departments and at other points in the passenger department lends color to this story. 4 9 PANAMA CANAL COMPANY. General Meeting of the French Asso ciation. NEW YORK, Feb. 13. A dispatch to the Herald from Paris says: A general meeting of the Compagnle Neuvelle du Canal de Panama was held In the Rue d'Athenes. Among those pres ent were M. Samper, who repesented the Interests of the republic of Colombia, and a'so MM. Gauton and Klegges and Fer rett, shareholders appointed to act as scru tineers should a formal ballot be neces sary. In the hall were about 200 share holders, representing upwards of 400,000 shares. The following board was elected with only one or two dissentients: M. Marius bo, administrator of the Credit Lyon alsse; M. Louis Chorun, dlrecteur Des Etudes; M. Ettravaux, of the Company Abel Couvreut; M. Maurice Hutin, Baron Pierre de Laasus, M. Saint Genles, of the administration of Soclete General; M. Gegorges Martin, of the commission de controle of the Compton National d'Es coropte, M. Ferdnand Monvoisin, admin istrator of the Credit Industrial et Com mercial; M. Charles Rouget, administrat or of the Compagnle Francafae des Ca bles Telegraphlques, and M. Paul Terrier, director of the Campagnle Generate des Travaux Publlques. Secretary Lampre said In an Interview: "The new board will now proceed to elect a president. Nothing definite will be known as to any further movement on the part of the company for about a week, and It goes without saying that up to that time any question affecting the proposed purchase by an American syn dicate or of any considerable amount of shares cannot be discussed and certainly DOCTOR 88i Third Street, Opposite Chamber of Commerce Hoars O A. M. to 5 P. 31.; evening, 7 to 9; Sundays, IS te 3, i ' which did nogeed. Htelwad get se bad be would Gry all nigh, and my wife eould sleep none, and began te leek ghostly. His head got so sere that we pat a night cap on him, and folded a white etoth four thicknesses Inside ef it, and just through the night a kind ef matter would oose out from his head, soaked through the cloth and cap and ea to the piUew. The top and back ef his head was almost a solid sore, and looked so badly thatworda would sot describe- it. Almost ha despair I told my wife I had seen Cbtmbxa. KsHSPias advertised and reoommonded very highly and I was going to toy tfeeaa. I bought the CunoBSA Rsbocvxht, Cbtkusa. Soaf, and Cstiotra Ointment. "We gave him half of the Resolvent, used part of the cake of Soap, and before we had used the second box of CxrncraA Ointment he commenced to get better, and is bow as well and hearty as anybody's bey. He is as merry as a lark, sleeps soundly all night, and his hair looks glossy, thick, and soft. while my wife looks like a different woman , I look at him and think I owe it to yoa and of this almost wonderful oars. E. MTEBS, Box SO, Monroe Gfty, lad. Treatment for Every Humor. Soap (Me.), to oteaase tee sua of areata and scales and soften tho tawseaea rauete; vwtkvxx uwtjbht iw.;. to Instantly allay itching, taBu&mattea, aad Irrkauee, and soothe sad heal; and Cuticura Rssoltzxt (S9c), to eoolaad eleaase the blood. scalp, and Mood BaBers.wNBUMfloiaaH-.wBen , Dbcq xxb Cbjex. Gosp., Sole Prep., Seates. Cat no one could yet say what the attttata of the new company will be .until the new board has- began work." i B I Philadelphia Gees to Samoa, SAN FRANCISCO, Tab. 13, The Unite States cruiser Philadelphia has gone to the Mare Island navy-yard for an over hauling. As soon as she is ready for seat again, she will sail for Samoa with Com mander S. Schroeder, the new governor of Tutulla, on board. On his arrival ha will relieve Captain B. F. Tilley, who la now acting governor of the latest addition .to the possessions of the United States. Tutulla is the bland on which is the harbor of Pango-Pango. a Vienna policemen are required to un derstand telegraphy, and to be able te swim aad row a boat. RULERS OF THE WORLD Meat-Bating: Nations Are the Leaders in Every Branch, of Hnraaai Achievement. The ruling nations of the world are meat eaters, and history records that they al ways have been. "Vegetarians and food cranks may explain this in any way they choose, but the facts remain that the Americans, English, French, Russians and Germans are meat-eating- nations, and they are also the meet energetic and most progressive. The principal food of the heroic Boer sol dier, known as Biltong, is a sort of dried beef, affording a great deal of nourishment in a highly concentrated form. The weak races of people are the rice eatllng Chinese, Hindoos and Siamese, re garded since the dawn of history as non progressive, superstitious and inferior, phy sically and mentally, to the meat-eating nations who dominate them. The structure of the teeth plainly Indi cates that human beings should subsist upon a. variety of food, seat, fruit and grains, and it is unhygienic to confine one.' a diet to any one of those classes to the ex clusion of another. Meat is the most concentrated and most easily digested of foods, but our manner of living is often, ao unnatural that the di gestive organs refuse to properly digest meat, eggs, and similar nutritious and wholesome food, but it is not because such food is unwholesome, but the real reason Is that the stomach lacks, from disease or weakness, some necesary diges tive element; hence arising indigestion and. later on. chronic dyspepsia. Nervous people should eat plenty of meat, convalescents should make meat the principal food, hard-working people hai to do so and brain-workers- and office men sheuld eat, not so much meat, but, at least. once a day, and, to Insure its perfect di gestion, one or two of Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets should be taken after each meal, because they supply the peptones, diastase and fruit acids, lacking in every case of stomach trouble. Nervous dyspepsia, catarrh of stomach, gastritis, sour stomach, gas and acidity are only different names for Indigestion, the failure to digest wholesome- food, and the use of Stuart's Tablets cares them all be cause by affording perfect digestion the stomach has a chance to rest and recover its natural tone and vigor. Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets is the real household medicine; It is as safe and pleas ant for the stomach ache of the baby as It is for the imperfect digestion of its grand sire. They are not a cathartic, but a digestive and no pill habit can ever follow their use: the only habit Stuart's Tablets Induce is the habit of good digestion and conse quently good health. A little hook on stomach diseaeee mailed free by addressing F. A, Stuart Co., Mar shall, Mich. All drug stores sell the tablets at 50 cents for complete treatment. Woodlark's Homoeopathic Croup and Cough Syrup Is a safe, certala and prompt rem. cdy. Price 25 cents at all drag-Slat, or sent postpaid en reeelpt ef 3d cents stamps. WOODARD, CLARKE & CO., Chemists. Portland, Or. DeYOUNG The Acknowledged , Leading and Meat Successful Physician and Surgeon The world has ever known for the treat ment of all private and chronic diseases of both male and female. The following are among the troubles which he will treat with skill, and guarantee a perfect and prompt cure of all curable diseases. We treat the following dtgeanac with a sp. clal treatment, which is purely medical and scientific: PRIVATF ko!' Jfat gonw. rniirtii- rhoea, tenderness, swell. Ing, quickly cured without pain or deten tion from business. I AHlFi Who suffer from apathy, tn-t-XUit-'J difference, nervous debility or diseases peculiar te women, can consult Dr. DeYoung. SPECIALIST