10
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1900.
RED METAL IS KING
Dmaqd for Copper Is Increas
ing Rapidly.
AIL BIG- PRODUCERS OLD MINES
"Wltl Hardly BxccptloH, There
Have Bees. JVe A'crr Properties
Addlo to Croat Mlae List.
So &ay parsens are interested In the
qwootina whether ooppar Is likely to tnaln
taa MmetMa? ltke its present level of
prose that It 8eeme -worth white to draw
attwUlon to certain factors which are
apparently Mttle known to most of those
who discuss the matter, says R, Gervase
Xlwas; C. Institute, B. E., in the London
Ffnamtal News. There is a, common opin
io that the extension of copper mining
dperattonfi, encouraged by present high
.prices, will soon cause the supply to ex
ceed the demand, and to bring down the
value of. the metal to something like the
average of the last decade, say about 59
-per ten. A casual observer, noting the
score or more of new copper mining com
panies floated In London during the last
year or so, might well draw such an in
foronoa. But let tie examine certain fig
ures which have been brought together
te a valuable pamphlet, "A Century of
Copper, by Messrs. Nicd Brown and C.
Gerbott Turnout!, compared with certain
faots, Mttle known but of great import
ance, which have been collected from oth
er sources. The following table is rear
ranged, with addition, from Messrs.
Srowa and Tumbult's figures:
The first ootumn is price per ton. The
other ottunmc are gives in tens.
tlMJOAiBE.
ism. to m ,
aii to im
na. to im
an. to iMt
IMt to 1M
iml to jft"..'."r...""""."."".r..i
m to m
380. to UN
"SS to IWSHtVears'onlylll
Grand total world's' product
The total production of the world lor
each of th htst five years (frem "The
Mineral Industry")
World's
Increase over
production, previous year.
UU Ml Ml
3M.. ...... ...... SM 1S4
mm!!!!!";;"!!!"!;;! m,m
me 44,iae
9.70
43.KS6
26.916
28,979
The average product of these five years
was S7K.4C7 tons, against an average pro
duotton for the decade ended I860 of 221,999
tnWiT An librAAAA In t hn a nm 11a 1 tfaro cta
of UM7 tons. The average annual In
crease for each of the last four years has !
been S7,)L tons. The consumption has for
a long time been rather more than the
production, total stocks in sight having
diminished from 127,864 tons on December i
H, 18N. to S0.8M tons on October 31, 1899.
The average yearly increase of consump- j
tMwi has therefore been rather mere than '
that of production. About two-thirds of
the copper now consumed goes into elec
trical insulations, which are likely to In
crease rather than diminish, as new appli
cations of electric energy are continually
cropping up. The deduction to be drawn,
so far, is that the annual Increase of con
sumption Is for the next few years likely
to be more than it has been recently, and
may not improbably reach 34,009 to 35,000
tons.
Now let ue ask from what sources did
we obtain the 4K,9e tons of copper which
formed the output of 1886, and how far
are these sources to be relied upon for
keeping up the existing supply, and for
providing an annual increase of possibly
M,m to 8MM tone? The chief sources are
as follows:
Output In
1888.
Country tons.
Chile 24.8W
Qormany 38,085
Janan 36.176
Spain and Portugal 68,2
unite awakes zu.ru
All other countries producing lees
than 38,808 ton each 71.753
Total 434,329
Among the other countries. Argentina,
Austria-Hungary, Bolivia and Venezuela
bave decreased their production since 1S94.
The output of the Spanish and Portuguese
mwien has been stationary during that
period. Of the total Increase in the annual
output between 1884 and 1588, vlzu, 108,566
tons, no less than 77,781 tons is due to the
United States, the rest being made up of
small increases scattered over many coun
tries. Let ue trace the source of the ln
.creaoe in the United States; about 90 per
loont of the copper mined in that coun
try oomos from the three states of Mon
tana, Michigan and Arizona. The pro
duction of those states in 1884 and 1808
was as follows:
Tons. Tons. Tons.
State ' UN. 1888. Increase.
Montana 8M48 St.878 15,130
Michigan St.188 88,878 18,740
Artsona 18,888 48,488 29,003
Total .16, 216,238 88,478
With the exception of 11,808 tons from
the Mountain copper mines in California,
practically the whole of the Increase of
the United States in these years has been
derived from the above states, and the
remarkable point about it is that almost
the whole of this Increase is from mines
already existing in 1886. In Montana, no
new mines of any importance came into
bearing in this period; in Michigan only
one producing a few tons, and in Arizona
only one, the United Globe. which pro
duced 3847 tons In 1886. The Increased pro
duction in the rest of the world
during this period is also main
ly due to mines already exist
ing in 1886. In fact, for some years past
only three copper mines of important out
put have come Into bearing so far as I am
aware, viz., the Mountain copper mines
of California, producing about 11,009 tons;
the Mount Lyell mines, producing about
B888 tons, and the United Globe, under 3000
tons annually. It is evident that the old
Brines cannot go on forcing their output
to the extent they have done In the last
decade, and as they are necessarily ex
hausting their reserves at a great rate, we
must look to new sources, not merely to
provide for the annual Increase of con
sumption, but to replace old mines as they
Salt out of the ranks.
TMe exhaustion of reserve is hastened,
not onh by the increased output of cop
per, but by the fact that the grade of ore
worhod by many of the principal mines
has fallen oft" greatly, so that to produce
the same quantity of copper from S8 to
MB) per cent more ore must be raised. 1
have given some tables bringing out this
point in the Mining World of March 11,
1888, to which I would refer for details,
hut as lttuotrations it may be mentioned
that the yield of the following ores has
fatten:
Michigan mines Atlantic, from 8.96 to
M per cent; Quincy, from 2.86 to 1.66 per
pent; Tamarack, from .6 to 1.6 per cent;
Calumet & Hecla, from 4.86 to 2.68 per
eeat.
Montana mines Anaconda, from 9 to 4.3
per cent; Butte & Boston, from 8.47 to
1,88 per cent.
Part of Mte atNng-oS in yield is no
doubt due to the fact that improvements
in mining and metallurgy have enabled
ores to be treated that formerly would,
not pay; but the fact remains that to
produce a ton of copper a much greater
mass of ore has to be etoped than in for
mer times. Some of the American mined
have now reached greaudepths 2000 feet
to 5000 feet and can not be extended! much
further down. For the above reasons it
seems probable Ihat, while existing mines
may continue to extend their output for a
time, others must be expected before very
long to decrease their returas, or even to
cease working altogether. This fea
ture of the copper mining In
dustry is emphasized by a survey
of the actual mines returning an
output sufficient to appreciably affect the
world's total. The minesproducing more
than 3000 tons of copper annually through
out the world are very few in nunVber.
So far as I am aware, the following list
Includes thorn all.
O O
Country NAME, . g ?;
. O aa "i
i
. 'a
N. A. . Anaconda 4.26 47.800
N. A. Calumet & Hecla 3.50 42,000
S. Rio Tinto 2.81 22.700
N. A. Boston & Mont 27.630
N. A. United Verde 18,900
G. Mansfield 2.S0 18 000
N. A. Copper Queen 15,000
. S, Tharsls 2.50 12,000
N. A. Mountain Copper. 7.45 10,700
N. A. Tamarack 1.60 10,015
N. A Boleo (Mexico)... 6.04 3,500
2s. A. Arizona Copper 8,112
N. A. Qulncy 1.56 7,302
N. A. i Parrot 5,556
T. Mount Lyell 3.50 5.200
N. A. Osceola Con 1.07 5,268
A. Wallaroo &
Moonta (197) 5,073
C. C Cape Copper 5,000
N. A. Detroit 4,053
S. , Mason & Barry 3.600
N. A.; Butte & Boston.. 4.G0 3,125
'1 I Total, 21 mines.. ..'.,, 297,771
Notd N. A., North America; S., Spain
and Portugal; G., Germany; T., Tasma
nia; A., Australia: C. C. Cape Colony.
It la obvious that the closing of a
3
2
in
.n
a c i
Ho o
Ho
cow
: 3?
"i
: "
ov
P i o
O O 1
S"C.S
-cm
o2.
oSp
63 3
?-i.C
: o p
1 -
BBS
o a
a 2
sr3i
03i
.3 21
a a
; nV
: &&
. c
160
180
101
94
' S3
111
S7
79
60
49
91.000
96,000
136,000
218,400
281,000
505,999
900,000
1.189,403
2,215,900
2,737.500
9,100
9,600
13.500
5,000
39,000
83.4CO
72,600
214,989
591.001
2S9.400
1,026,500
521,600
500
3,900
8,340
7.200
21.500
39.400
28,940
102,650
120.59S
I 21.840
29.1VJ
50,600
90 030
118.910
221.590
342.188
8.SS0.199
few of these mines, some of which are
believed to be within measureable dis
tance of exhaustion, and which between
thorn produce more than two-thirds of the
world's output, would materially affqet the
supply. The following sources have
wholly or partially failed: The United
Kingdom, which slnqe 1800 has produced
855,000 tons of copper, now yields only
about 550 tons per apnum.
Sweden, which Is believed to have pro
duced 1,200,000 tons lof copper from the
Stora Kopparsberg mines alone, now
yields about 500 tonslonly. Chile. Bolivia,
and Peru, which for V) years 1861 to 18S0
averaged about 46,000 tons per annum, now
yield about 30,000 tons only. Venezuela
has ceased to produce. In Australia the
Burra Burra mines, formerly large pro
ducers, have ceased to yield. It will be
noticed that most of the large mines are
working on low-grade one, and It may be
taken as a general rule In copper mining
at the present day that large bodies of
low-grade are much more profitable In
the long run than small lodes of rich ore.
These latter are usually pockety and un
certain; moreover, the rich assays are
commonly obtained frbm oxidized, or sec
ondary ores, concentrated by chemical ac
tion from the decomposition of sulphides
of much lower grade, Into which the ore
changes in depth. Copper Is the metal
whose ores are most easily found from
their strong coloring properties; hence,
most of the easily dbcesslble deposits of
rich Oxides and carbonates have been dis
covered and worked, out during the past
century, or in some cases by the ancients.
New discoveries of tjils character may no
doubt be looked for In countries yet un
prospocted; but they are seldom large
enough in any one case to materlally
Bwell the total production. On the otl
hand, to bring Into full bearing the large
low-grade deposits of sulphides requires
much capital and a long time.
We are now In a .position to form soma
opinion as to the probability of the flood
of new copper companies eo materially
increasing the world's supply under the
Impetus of present prices as to overpass
the demand and bring prices down to the
level of the last decade. We find that,
whereas, the total world's production of
the century from 1801 to 1893 was 8.380,000
tons, we shall at the present rate of con
sumption aay 450,000 tons per annum
without any increase at all, require an
equal quantity In the next 20 years, and
that if the consumption increases at the
rate at which it has Increased for the last
few years say 25,000 tons per annum we
shall requite the same quantity in about
14 years, and the consumption In 1914 will
have reached 800,000 tons per annum.
Even if the Increased production of some
existing mines makes up for the falling
off or Exhaustion of others (a very doubt
ful assumption in view of the condition
of the chief producers), we shall require
to melt the probable Increase of consump
tion, ntw mines to be brought Into "bearing
to theybxtent of, say 23,000 tons each year.
It ha already been shown that in the
lastjflve years, bat three mines of Im
portafnee Mountain Copper, Mount Lyeu
and United Globe, producing between them
under 20.000 tons per annum have come
Into bearlng. Past experience has not
shown that high prices have led to any
sudden increase of discoveries. From
1800 to 1850 the lowest average price toi
any decade was SS; but the highest in
crease of the average annual production
for any decade was pnly 8340 tons. Dur
ing the Cecretan boom in 18S8-89, when
copper rose to over 100, the world was
ransacked for copper ore, but with no
very striking results, except, perhaps, in
Arizona. The facts seem to be the other
way about, discoveries have affected
prices, rather than prices discoveries. The
low prices of the periods 1881 to 1890 and
1891 to 1E0S seemed to have been caused
mainly by the discoveries in Montana and
Arizona, together with the Increased de
velopment of the Michigan mines, coming
on the top of the large output of the re
organized Spanish mines. It was only
the concurrent great increase bf consump
tion, due mainly to the introduction of
electric enterprises, that prevented the
comparatively sudden Influx of copper Into
the market during this period, causing a
glut. The demand, however, oil the
whole, kept pace with the supply during
these years. It Is not within the bounds
of probability that such a coincidence
should again occur as $ho discovery or
rediscovery and development almost sim
ultaneously of the great producers In
Spain and the three AJnerlcan states.
If we take 20 years as the average life
of a copper mine (an experience shows
that this Is over, rather than under, the
mark), we must bo prepared In the next
few years to find each jcar new supplies
to the extent of 5 per cent on 450,000 tons,
equal to 22.500 tons, to replace exhausted
or decreasing mines. t In addition to the
new supplies required' to meet the'nnnual
increase of consumption. The latter, we
have already seen, has for five years been
about 25,000 tons, but If we take It at
22,500 tons, we must find each year new
supplies, equal to 45,000 tons per annum.
Some portion of this will no doubt be
forthcoming from the extended production
of those existing mines, which have not
reached their maximum; but, considering
how long most of the producers have been
at work and the extont to which their
output has been, forced sor several years,
It seems doubtful whether any great rate
of increase from this source can be main-,
tained. If we put it nt 15,000 tons per
annum there Is left a quantity of 30,000
tons (and possibly a good deal more) to
bo added each year from entirely new
mines. In other words, upon the above
basis we require to have brought Into
bearing each and every year 30 new mines,
producing 1000 tons of copper each, or six
producing 5000 tons each, or three pro
ducing 10,000 tons each.
As a matter of fact, the last five years
have altogether produced only one mine,
turning out 11,000 tons, one turning out
5500 tons, and ope about 3000 tens. It
must be a poor mine that will not turn
out copper at 40 per ton, so that copper
at 60 should yield a profit of 20 per ton,
and an output of 1000 tons will, at these
rates, pay 10 per cent on a capital of
200,000; 30,000 tons per annum of new
supply, therefore, Justifies an Investment
of 6,000.000 per annum in new copper
mines. If we look over the list of pew
copper mining companies floated In the
last two years, and examine their pros
pectuses, we find that the great majority
of them have neither capital nor pros
pects adequate to the output ot more than
1000 to 20000 tons of copper per annum.
Pant experience and an ahnlysis of the
statements put forward Justify a rough
classification into those which have no
real mines, those which have mines, but
are likely to fall through Insufficient cap
ital or bad management, and those which
may arrive at the producing stage. Per
haps one-third of the whole may achieve
success; but it is evident that If ten or a
dozen of these companies, two or three
years hence, succeed In turning out 1000
or 1500 tons apiece, this will not go far,
to AIL up a gap Increasing at the rate of
30.000 tons a year. Two or three of the
new companies, it is true, contemplate a
production of several thousand tons per
annum; but, apart from the question ot
survival, an absolute fulfillment of their
hopes, which must require several years,
would still leave the increased consump
tlon far behind.
The flood of new companies In the
United States seems to have been greater
even than in London; but from the par
ticulars which have come over, most of
these appear to be of the merest ''wild
cat" order, and by their inevitable failure
are likely to discourage the exploitation
of. genuine concerns. Fluctuations ot
price must, of course, bo expected,, not
only from the normal variations between.
supply and demand at particular moments, '
but from manipulation by astute oper
ators. The American combination Is
scarcely to be satisfied without further
control of producing mines, and to obtain
this control cheaply may suddenly put
down the price of copper for a time, until
It has been able to secure the mining
stocks it desires. ' But, looking to the
prevalent tendency of things as a whole,
the survey of the copper business which
we have made points to the continuance
for some years to come of nrlces on the
average as high as will Just not check
consumption or Invite substitutes for cop
per, say 60 to 75 per ton. If the
American combine Is not too greedy for
profit, and is content to maintain prices
within such limits. It may do good service
by steadying markets and controlling the
violent fluctuations which the shortnes3
of stocks might otherwise lead us to ex
pect. The holders of good copper mining
shares ought to have a prosperous time
before them, and 'new enterprises, if
moderately capitalized, well furnished'
with working capital, and uhdsr good
management, should have excellent pros
pects of success.
JOHN MARSHALL DAY.
Prcpnrntion for n Nntlonnl Celebra
tion in Honor of the Chief Jufttlcc.
NEW ORLEANS, Feb. 4. The follow
ing address of the American Bar Asso
ciationof the Bench and Bar of the United
States, regarding the observance of John
Marshall day was Issued today:
"By direction of the American Bar As
sociation, a committee composed of one
member from each state and territory,
and from the District of Columbia, has
been appointed by the association in ref
erence to the proposed celebration of John
Marshall day, to take place on Monday,
February 4, 1901, being the first centennial
of the installation of that eminent Jurist
as chief Justice of the United States. A
commemoration of this event and of the
splendid career of Marshall in the great
office which he adorned for more than 34
years, cannot fail to be nn occasion of
profound Interest and Importance to the
American bench and bar. Soldier, stu
dent, advocate, diplomatist, statesman and
jurist he was one of the finest types ot
Amorican manhood In Its best estates. Ills
fame is the heritage of the nation, and
it is befitting that the whole country
should celebrate the appointed day.
"In the language of Judge Story, when
voicing the sentiments of the great court
on. the official announcement of Marshall's
death, 'his genius, his learning and his
virtues have conferred an imperishable
glory on his country, whose liberties he
fought to secure, and whose Institutions
he labored -to perpetuate. He was a. pa
triot and a statesman of spotless integrity
and consummate wisdom. The science of
Jurisprudence will forever acknowledge
him as one of Its greatest benefactors.
The constitution of the United States owes
as much to him as to any single mind for
the foundations on which it rests, and the
expositions by which it is to be main
tained; but, above all, he was the orna
ment of human nature itself, in the beau
tiful illustrations which his life constant
ly presented of Its most attractive graces
and most elevated attributes.'
"The committee has been charged with
the duty of publishing this address to the
legal profession of the United States; also
with the further duty of preparing sug
gestions for the observance of the day on
the part of N state, city and county bat
associations, and other public bodies in
the United States.
"The committee was also charged with
the duty of requesting the good offices ol
the president of the United States In rec
ommending to congress the propriety ol
observing John Marshall day on the pari
of congress and other departments of the
government of the United States, and ol
memorializing congress to observe befit
ting ceremonies in honor of the great
chief Justice. It Is proposed that- com
memoration services be held at the na-.
tional capital under the direction of the
supreme court of the United States, with
the aid and support of the co-ordlnato
branches of the government.
"It is also expected that the day will
be properly observed on the part of all
state and national courts, by the cessa
tion of judicial business, and that all
state, city and county bar associations
participate in proper exercises in such
manner as to them shall seem most ap
propriate. "Similar ceremonies are recommended to
be held In all American colleges, law
schools and public schools, to the end
that the youth of our country may be
made more fully acquainted' with Mar
shall's noble life and distinguished serv
ices. "The American Bar Association leaves
the execution of this national celebration
in the hands of the courts, and the public
bodies named, and the committee ex
presses the sincere hope that the celebra
tion be national In its character and Im
posing in Its extent and fervor, and that
It may have the hearty support ot the
secular and legal press of our country
The aotlve co-operation of the respeotlva
vice-presidents and members of local
councils appointed by the association, with
the respective members of the national
committee, is respectfully requested and
expected. On behalf and by authority of
the national committee.
"WILLIAM WIRT HOWE.
"Chairman,
VUDOLFH MOSES, Sec'y."
IS INTENSELY PRO-BOER
HATRED OF KNGIAltt FOR WRONGS
TO IRELAND.
One Who Thinks Thnt Civilization
Will Be Advanced By Defeat
of the British Armies.
SALEM, Feb. C. (To the Editor.) I
read the communication of your corre
spondent of the 26th, signing himself "J.
Creagh." It was- so utterly devoid ot
the spirit of liberty which our free
institutions implant In the soul of man,
as to be particularly noticeable on that
account. According to his own state
ment, he never heard of the unjust treat
ment of Ireland by England although he
I was a resident of Ireland for over CO
years prior to his coming to this country.
I deny that the Irish farmers are ready
to fight for England, or any portion of
the people of Ireland, except a small
minority of the people of the north of
Ireland, who have been specially fav
ored as English colonists, and who were
planted there for the purpose of exterm
inating every Irish idea. '
The character of your correspondent
Is best stated by himself when he says
"he has lived In Ireland for over 30 years
In the capacity of landlord, land-agent,
and receiver -in' the courts of bank
ruptcy and chancery." He is one of the
cursed brood who have fattened oft the
misery and suffering of the Irlah. He has
been landlord and land-agent according
to his statement. He upholds the absen
tee landlordism of Ireland, which the
world, outside of England, has con
demned. Of all the despicable creatures
that walk the earth there has been none
more Infamous than the land-agent, who
has been fastened on the Irish people to
collect rack rents for absentee landlords.
.As if to settle the- question at issue,
your correspondent calls me a "spalpeen."
I am American born, and a citizen of
!. this great country. Whl'e your corre
spondent was acting as landlord-agent and
collecting the last dollar that could be
gathered for the absentee landlord, who
spent it abroad, I was born In this coun
try under the broad folds of the Stars and
Stripes, the symbol of the free, and the
fliope of all oppressed paoples. During the
period he speaks of so boastlngly, I at
tended the schools In Salem, studied the
history of my country therein, and with
what pride I read of the stand made by
our people at Concord and Lexington, and
the defeat Of the British at Bunker H.li.
How I "was delighted to read of the sur
render of Burgoyne to the embattled
farmers at Saratoga; the crossing of the
Delaware by Washington and his fight
at Trenton: the surrender of Cornwal Is
at Torktown and the acehlevement of
our independence How my blood boiled
with lndlgnatlon'at the burning of the
capltol at Washington by tho English in
1812, and how pleased was I at the great'
victory of Jackson at New Orleans, and
the second triumph of American valor and
intelligence over the English on this
Western continent. The blood of the
O'Nells of the the north of Ireland, and
of the men who fought for liberty at Out
lart Hill, Enniscorthy and Vinegar Hill,
In old historic Wexford, was thrilled with
the grandeur of the struggle of the co"
onlcs, and the bravery shown , by Ameri
cans in the colonial and war of 1S12. I,
look back with pleasure to my younger
days when 1 hoped the day would com,
when the wrongs of Ireland would b:
righted.
Tour correspondent Is but Irish, li at
all, by the accident of birth. He Is not in
touch with the people of Ireland. A man
cannot 'be considered an Irishman, any
more than he can be considered an Ameri
can, who Is not In accord with the aspi
rations and hopes of the people of the
country. Is your correspondent proud of
tho 'early history of Ireland when she sen!
scholars into every fcnown land at that
time from her institutions of learning,
Is he proud of "Malachl, who wore the
collar of gold which he wen from the
proud Invader?" Is he proud of the Il
lustrious Sarsfleld? Does he rejoice at tho
victory of the Irish in the service ol
France over England at Fontenoy? Is
ho proud of the' struggle ot the United
Ireland Party, which was formed in the
.north of Ireland, which he claims to' hall
from? Does he take an interest In the
struggle of the Protestants of the north
of Ireland agalnat England's commercial
aggrandizement?" Does he recognize as a
brother. Irishman the gifted John Mitchell,
who belonged to the north of Ireland arid
was the son of the Unitarian minster,
who sacrificed social and financial stand
ing that the Irish people's wrongs might
bo redressed? Does he rejo'ce over the
shot that was fired at Concord and Lex
ington, which was heard around the world,
and which Is reverbratlng yet and has
been heard by the Boers In South Africa?
If he does not, he is no Irishman in any
sense of the wora, but is one of the Eng
lish colon!sta who were planted In Ira
land to stamp c f the Irish spirit and dfs
troy the thought of liberty implanted In
the heart of every, true Irishman. In
rplrlt and character he Is Cromwelllan In
every respect. I look In vain through his
communication for one word condemning
England in her treatment of Ireland. Not
an apolosry for the villainous penal laws;
not a word against the destruction of Ire.
land's Industries and the vicious system of
absentee landlordism.
I visited Ireland some years ago, and
I have a personal knowledge that there Is
great distress there and always will be
until absentee landlordism is crushed out.
The landlords own the best land In Ire
land, which was confiscated by the Eng
lish government and given to adventurers
from England. The thought which Im
presses one Inf visiting Ireland is: How
much has nature done for her. and how
little has men assisted nature. I saw,
when in Ireland, men, women and child
ren on rack-rented sterile land, which was
hardly fit to raise anything, carrying
baskets filled with seaweeds from the sea
shore to tops of sterile hills to be used
as a fertilizer. These poor creatures did
not have shoes to protect their feet from
tho stony crags over which they were
compelled to pass.
The same spirit is exhibited all through
his communication which I called atten
tion to in my letter -of the 12th of Janu
ary; the claim set up by England and her,
colonists that she planted in Ireland, that
the Irish are an inferior race of people
and have been treated too well. I con
demn England ns much for this spirit as
anything else. Through her press and her
literature, the Irish people have been de
nounced as Incapable of self-government
and an Inferior race, while the world
knows that Ireland's sons have arisen to
distinction in every land. Theso base
calumniators of the Irish race have tried
to have the world place an estimate upon
the Irish people that the true state of
facts will not warrant.
Is your correspondent familiar enough
with American history to kpow that the
close friend of Grant and Sherman, and
tho idol of the Union army In the civil
war In this country, the greatest war in
history, was Phil Sheridan, the son of :t
rack-rented tenant who was obliged to
leave Ireland because he could not llv
under the Infamous system of landlordism?
Doe3 he know that with the opportunities
afforded him here in this land, the best
of all lands, which would be denied him. In
Ireland, where ho would be denounced as
a "spalpeen," he rose to distinction and
developed a military genius wh'ch has
commanded the admiration of all true
men, and shed additional luster on his
race? Tour correspondent, the land'ord,
agent, etc., takes no special pride in the
great military quallt'es of the Irish
peasant's" son. He belongs to the class
who have tried to destroy our good name
and force the world to believe we are an
Inferior race. As the foolish builders re
jected the chief corner stone of the tem
ple, so your correspondent, and his Ilk,
have endeavored to destory a race that
are unconquercd and unconquerable; who
will not stoop to tyranny.
It is particularly gratifying to the Irish
people, and every American who has a
drop of Irish blood In his veins, to learn
of the defeat of Buller a second time by
the Boers. He was sent to Ireland, in re
cent years, to throttle and stamp out con
stitutional agitation. With his standing
army, including militia and police, of
SO.OOO men, he stifled the free speech of the
Irish people, and under tool o put .1
to Independent thinking, which could not
be done. All hail to the Boers, they have
nobly done their work.
Your corresDOndent places the Boers
and the Irish on the some plane; they are
both accused of killing women and child
ren and in need of civilization. The Boers
need no defense at my hands. Their cause
Is so sacred, it needs no defenders. What
constitutes the highest state of civiliza
tion? The Boera are brave, they wll
fight, they are kind and humane in their
treatment of prisoners. What more doca
your correspondent want? The pig-stick- I
ing amusement indulged in by the isngnsn
lancers at Elands' laagte shows the h'gh
state of civilization attained under the re
fining influences of English c-vllizatlon as
compared with the Boers' treatment of
tho English prisoners who have fallen into
their hands.
The Boers left Cape Colony first, then
Natal to get rid of English domination,
and they propose to "trek" no more. They
propose to defend their homes, and the
world (outside of England, and England
ia divided on the question) looks on and
applauds their manly stand against the
English and rejoices in their v.ctorles.
The defeat of England in this contest
means a great deal to the world. It
means redress in ail of Enclnd u .r
oncles; it means redress to the people
of Ireland; it means a toning down of the
arrogance and conceit of England that
has cowed the world (except Amer.ca)
for years; It means the building up of i
higher state of civilization In England
than the world has ever witnessed. The
defeat of England means that Fhe will
never again, In the name of civ llzaf.on,
undertake to gobble up the gold mines
and diamond fields of any country. It
'Will end her claim to the contested bound
ary line In Alaska, and her hope of com
mercial supremacy over the whols wor.u.
One of the dreams of my youth and the
fond hope of manhood are about to b?
realized in th s Anglo-Boer war. England
never has been and never will be a true
civllizcr until .she has been soundly
thrashed. The Boers. In the wisdom of
the Omnipotent Ruler of all, have been
selected to redress the wrongs of thoss
who have hoped and prayed for this time
to come, when the oppressor of the weak
and the bluffer of nations will be forced
to atone for the Injustice dealt out to
those whose land she has coveted.
P. H. D'ARCY.
IHIlwnii-"lcIc" vs. 3Illvrau-"kce."
PORTLAND, Feb. 7. (To the Edltor.)
Every little while for years past some
one has rushed Into print claiming that
the name of the town six miles south or
this city was spelled wrong that it
should be spelled "Milwau-kee," Instead
of "kle." The founder of the town was
Lot Whltcomb, a pioneer of 1817. He
named It "Mllwaukle." The Western
Star, a paper started there by Lot Whit
comb, November 22, 1850. so spelled It In
its head lines and throughout its col
umns. The postal department of that
date recognized the same form of spelling.
It never was spelled otherwise locally
until the advent of the Oregon & Cali
fornia railroad, about 1872. The under
signed with his own hands printed the
first tlmccard of that road. In the copy
'furnished by the passenger agent the sta
tion was spelled "Milwaukee," but It was
changed to "kie" In the proof, on the
ground that that war. the custom of the
country; whereat the aforesaid agent be
came vexed and changed It back to "kee,"
saying that "there was but one way to
spell the word, and that was with a
'kco.' and that Oregonlans did not know
how to spell." Furthermore, It was
claimed that it was named after Mil
waukee. Wis. Whether that Is so or not
In not known; but in any event It would
not signify necessarily. Proper names are
purely arbitrary and may be spelled In
any way the owner has a mind. In early
days the Wisconsin city was spelled with
a "kle," and tha was the custom even
as late as 18E0, as may be seen by refer
ence to the maps of that date, particu
larly "Mitchell's New Universal Map of
the World." Whltcomb may have emi
grated from Wisconsin to Oregon: If he
did, he had good reason for spelling the
name of the town he founded as he did.
So let it remain for all time to come.
GEORGE H. HIMKS.
0 V
BUSINESS 'ITEMS.
If Itnby Is Cnttlnjr Tcctli,
rie run- and me that old and well-tried remedy
Mrs. TVlnslow's Soothlne Syrup, for children
teething. It soothe the child, softens the gumi.
allays all pain, cures wind colic and diarrhoea.
0
Disease lurks In China-made cigarettes
smoke Zarlna. They are pure.
Slow
grow t h
of hair
comes
from lack
of hair
food. The
hair has
no life.
It is starved. It keeps
coming out, gets
thinner and thinner,
bald spots appear,
then actual baldness.
The only good hair
food
you
can
buy
is
A
I t
feeds
the roots, stops h
starvation, and the L
nair grows tnicK. ana
long. It cures dan
druff also. Keep a
bottle of it on your
dressing table.
It always restores
color to faded or gray
hair. Mind, we say
" always."
$1.00 a bottle. All drucelsts.
" I havo found your Hair Vigor
to bo tho boat remedy I havo ever
tried for tho hair. My hair was
falling out very bad, so I thought
I would try a bottle of it. I had
used only ono bottle, and my hair
stopped falling out, and it 6 now
real thick find long.''
NANCV J. MOtHfTCASTLE,
July 2?. 1PI3. Yonkcrs, N. Y.
-Vo tho Dociop,
Ho v end you hit book on Tho
Ilnlr nu ci!p. Aik him any ques
tion j on iriih about your hair. You
will receive a prompt Answer free.
Address, J)B. J. C. AYER,
4
iowou, aiasj.
"5?"''
rtCfrmrrV t'TW'Tf
The Automaton chess player is a won
derful thing. It plays
I a perfect game inside
its limitations. But
once outside the
routine moves, the
Automaton is a
failure. Much of.
medical practice
is as limited in its
way as the
moves of the
Automaton at
chess. No
medical man
can move with
success outside his experience and train
ing. For that rean the local doctor,
often gives up as hopeless a case which
is quite curable when greater skill and
experience are brought to bear.
It is the so-called incurable" and
"hopeless" cases, which come in such
numbers to Dr. K.. V. Pierce, of Buffalo,
N. Y., for treatment. Men and women
with weak Jungs, obstinate coughs, ema
ciated bodies arid fevered cheeks have
found in Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical
Discovery the true elixir of life. "The
blood is the life" and the " Discovery"
by increasing the activity of the blood
making glands, and restoring to healthy
action the digestive and nutritive organs,
places the entire system in a condition to
throw off disease. There is no alcohol,
opium, or other narcotic, in "Golden
Medical Discovery."
Mr. Chas. Hunwick. of Leox. Macorab Co.,
Mich., writes : " I have never felt better in ray
life then I do now I have Uken Dr. Pierce's
Golden Medical- Discovery right along. I think
I am doing finely I do not covfth now and I caa
sleep like a school boy I think I will bave to
change mv mind about ' Patent Medicines, as I
never had much faith iu theai, but you must
know that 1 have been treated 'in two hospitals
and by three doctors besides, and received no
benefit; so I think you? mcdtcfcie is the oaly
medicine for me "
A ioo3 page book, free for the asking.
You can get the People's Common Sense
Medical Adviser, the best 'medical book
ever published, free, by sending stamps
to pay expense of mailing only. Send
21 one -cent stamps fof paper, or 31
stamps for cloth bound edition, to Dr.
R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N Y.
THE WEAR AND TEAR ON
ONE'S NERVES
Results In deWHty Exhaustion. Not only ex
haustion nrf the body, but exhausties of tie
mental faeuKtes as well.
The nerves
have no Mfs
t n them,
therefore all
the .organs
of the bqdy
suffer frem
lack of nerte
control.
HU D YAN
corrects the
evil. HUD
YAM 'pro
vldee ihls l
t a 1 1 t y of
nerve - force
that 'a want
ing. Do you suf
f r with
head ache,
pains along
spine (fiza. 1
and 2). pain
In small of
back (tiff. 3).
pains In
shoulder (fig.
4). pains In
knees (flg.
7)7 Have yen
hoKow eyes,
a pale, tnln
foe, a por
appetite, tor
pid liver, a
coated
tongue? Ar
you weak
and nsrvous,
or trouol e d
with coosM
'patlort? Ara
you trouMed
with dlzty
SpellS, Filf
lessness. hor
rid dreams?
Are you
gloomy or
melarxholy t
If so. HTJD-
YAN will ,
cure you. HXJDYAN will moke you robust, wMI
trfve you strength, will quiet your nerves. Gs
to your druggist at once and get HUDYAN na
other remedy. HTJDYAN'S effect in unlike that
of any other remedy. HTJDYAK Is thorough It
cures these nervous condlttcns permanently.
Oet HUDYA- from your druggist ."VOc a pack
age, six packages for 2.S0. If your irvpxtst
does not koep It. (Send direct to the IIUOYAN
REMEDY CO., corner Stockton, EHls aed Mar
ket streets, San Francisco. Cal.
Von May Contnlt the Hndynn Doc
tors About Your Cairo Free
of Ctarce. Write.
PAIN! NO GAS!
No charge for painless extraction wben teeth
are ordsred. AH work doao by granat dentlatd
of 12 to 20 yean' experience; a sp4oialUt in
each department. We wlB tell you In advanoa
exactly what your work will ccet by a fres
examination. Glv us a. call, and you will and
we do exactly aa we advertise.
Set of Teeth , 90.00
Gold Filllnsr $1.00
Gold Crown. ....... . ....... .$5.00
Silver Filling .'., MO
fO PLATES
Kg,
All work examined by professional mar.agw.
Dr. J. 8. "Walter, registered dtntist.
New York Denta! Parlors
N. L Cor. Foortb aad Harrison Slrttli
Lady always in attendance.
Hours, to 8. Sundays, 10 to &
PRIMARY, SECONDARY OR. TERTIARY BLOOD PMSOS
Permanently Cured. You can be treated at boaaa
under same guaranty. If you have taken mr
cury. Iodide potash, and still have acnes and
pains. Mucus Patches in Mouth, Sore Throat.
Pimple. Copper-Colored Spots. Ulcers on any
part of the body, Hair or Eyebrows falling
out. write
COOK REMEDY CO.
1530 Masonic Temple. Chicago. 111. for proofs of
cures. Capital, $500,000. We solicit the most ob
st.nate cases. We have cured the worst cases In
15 to 39 days. 100-page Book Free.
The Best
Washing Powder
i VI
S! ativ'ii v
)flt
4 I 4N
uiiirw m
gjm wj
1 ll fK&lf liii I
J30S1
'4s I itfwtx.i
THE PALATIAL
OREGONIAN BMI
!-.-:
SJHJH
SK&
asr1! 1
Net a tfarlc eStcc la the hnllilli
Biwamtely flrepreof: ci-ciric l..;1
ami ftrtcxlan waters perfect aanii
tiH ami t!iruxt vrmilaUou. k.1
vatars ran dty aa BjBht.
Vol
ADERSOJC. OtTflTAY. AMrny-at-Law t.
ASSOCIATED PKCSS; Jt. L. Pcwel.. Mir .
BANKXHS LITE ASSOCIATION, of Desl
Moines. Ia.; C. A. McCarnr. Slate Aaen iJ
BEH.NXE. H. W.. Pita. PenMn Shorlia-.ij
BE.XJAX1X. K. VT.. DMtctHt
HI.NSWANCKR. DR O. S.. Pays. 4 Sur M
BRUERE. DR. O. E.. PhytlctaR. . 413-T.3"
BCSTEED. RICHARD. Am Wilson & iT.
caiiay rosweco Co c.:
CAUXIX. B. E.. Dtoirtet Agent Trave era
Insurance Co
CARDWELL. DR. J. B ,
CLARK. HAROLD. DeMtst
CLEM. E. A. A CO., Mining Proper' I?s. SIS-J
(.ULbiHEIA TELEPHONE COMPANY..
W-6--60T CIS CI4
CORXEL1US. C. W.. Pfcya. and Surgeon...
COVER. P. C. Coshfer EtprttaMe Life ..
COLLIER, p. T.. PuMMm; a. P. McC.uIre.
.Manager . ..4.3-
DAY. J. O A I. N
DAVIS XAPOLSOK. Preefctent Columb.a
Telephone Co ;
DICKdOX. DR. J. F. Paysteta TI3
DRAKB, DR. H B. Phyta 512 S;;
DUXHAM. MBS. GEO. A.
PWYBR. JAS. F . TbtMccos
EDITORIAL ROOMS EirVi fJ
KQ;iI TABLE L1PC ASSURAXCE SOC IETY
L. SaMMML Manager: T. C. Cover. Cash er
EVENING TELEGRAM.. 328 Alder a"
FALLOWS. MRS. M. A.. Manager Women s
Dept Mutual Roserve Fond Life, of New
York
FENTON. J. D.. Physician and Surgeon BC9
FENTOW. DR. MICKS C. Eye and Ear
FENTON. MATTHEW jr.. Dentist
FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE AS8N. E. a
Stark. Manncer
FRENCH SCHOOL (by conversation). Dr A.
MiMaaroIM. Manager
GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and Draughts
man
GEARY. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician ar.l
SnrgeoB .
GIESY. A. J.. Pnystctaa and Swgeon ,.,.J T
GODDARD. M. C. A. CO.. Footwear, ground
r 129 Six .i s:r
GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhat an
Life Insurance Co.. of New York ..,,... 2C3 2
GRANT. FRANK S.. Attorney-nt-law .
GRENIER. MISS BEATRICE. Dentist...... t
HAMMOND. A. D
KEIDfXOER. . A. A CO.. Pianos a-3
Orgons 131 F x
KOLLUTBR. DR. O. C Pnys. A Surg SCI si
IDLKMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law 4
KADY. MARK T.. MaMsTger Pacific Nor'i-
west Mnsttal Roserve Fond Life Aseo Cu4 -
LAMOK-S. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen
eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co ...
LITTLEFIELD, H. R.. Phys. and Surireon
MACRUM. W. 8.. See: Oregon Camera CW Zi
MACKAY. DR. A. E., Fny and Surg. . Tli ?3
MAXWELL. DR. W. B,. Phys. A Surg 7: 1 ci
HCIAHUAH, C A.. State Agent Banker'
Life Association .,.,... B02-C1
McCOY, NEWTOW. AMorney-at-Law " 1i
McFADRN. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer.. . 2il
jacui.. jimxi ., Attomey-a;-Law. ZU 33
MeKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers' Represent
tfve ,
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist a-1
urai argeoB ..6i3 C
MOSfMAN. DR. K. P.. Dentist Bl? IlSi
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of
New York; W. Goldman. Manager .C:9-2lj
McELROT. DR. J. G.. Phys. A Surg 70 i 7 2 Ttl
McFARLAND. E. B., Seoretary Columi a
Telephone Co
jnuuina, a. -., jsaoager r. V. CCL.er.
nwnsner .....413 i
McKIM. MAURICE. Attorneyai-Lavr.
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New
York; Waa. 3. Pond. State Mg.....404-4C-C
MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N
M. T. Kady, Mgr. PaeMe Nor th west ...604 0i
NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney -at La Til
MILES. M. L.. Caohter Manhattan Life In
surance Co.. of New York .... .,
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY
Dr. L. B. Smith. Osteopath ..4OS-40
OREOON CAMERA CLUB 214-213-22
PERNIN SHORTHAND SCHOOL. H. W.
Bennke. Prnt 21
POND, WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Life
Ins. Co. of New York 40Mn5-4C
PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
Oroond floor. 133 Sixth ifeel
PORTLAND PRESS CLUB 71S
PROTZMAN EUGENB C. Superintendent
Agencies Mutual Roserve Fund Lite, ot
New York eel
PTTNAM'S SONS. G. P.. Pnttktners ... li
QUIMBY. L. P. W.. Game and Forestry
Warden 7I8-"ti
REED A MALCOLM. Opticians. . 133 Sixth sfs
REED. F. C, FMi Commissioner .,. 4C
RYAN. J. B.. Attoney-at-Uw ...... . 411
bALISBURY. GEO. N.. Section Director. U
S. Weathor Bureau .. 9
SAMUEL. L. Manager Eqwltabfe Life ... 3.
5ANDFORD. A. C. A CO.. FttMishers' Agts 3
SCRIBNFR-S SONS. CHAS.. Publishers-
Jesse Hooson. Manager. .......... .315 51 - ;;a
SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supremo Com
mander. K. O. T. M ., 3H
SMITH. DR I. B.. Osteopath ,.. 4CS-4C3
RONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLTTTIX Z
STARK. E. C. Executive Speotai. FldeU 3
Mutual Life Association of Phila., Pa . . c jg
STARR ; COLE. Pyrography ..4'"
STEEL. G. A . Forest Inspector. .....
STUART. HELL. Atorney-at-Law...ClB-Biao:i
STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Denrtw... 704 7:
SURGEON OF T1U6 3. r. K.X. AND N. P
TERMINAL CO .. . 735
STROWBRIDOE. THOS. H.. Executive Spe
cial Agent Mutual Life, of Havr York. .. 4Ct
FUVERTNTENDEXTS OFFICE JcJ
TUCKER. DR GEO. F.. Dentist... . 0'") P
U. S. WEATHER BPREAU 906-007 9flS
U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS 1TTK
DIST.. Captain W. G Langfttt. Corps cf
Engineer, u. S. A
U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER ANn
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W
C Laagfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. 3. A 3!J
WALKER. WILL H.. President O'tgir.
Camera Chtb ... .....214-213 2 C 21T1
WATERMAN. C, H.. CaoMor Mutual L.fe
of New York 4-
WATKINS. Mlns R. L.. Purchasing Age- y 71
WEATHERRED. MRS. BDYTH. Grand Sec
retary Native Daughters 7,3-
WH1TE. MISS L. E., Ass't See. Oregon Cam.
era eras 2 jg
WILSON. DR. EDWARD N., Phys. A 3u ZCi 3
WILSON. DR. GEO. F.. Phys. A Surg . 7u " "I
WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phys. A Surg 5o7 CvSi
WILSON A MoCALLAY TOBACCO
jKicnn.ru uwoteeu. Agent 6C2 e:l
wood. dr. w. 1.. Physician 412-412-i
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TBLSPH. CO.... 81 J 1
A ierr more eiejesRt eflicea Tnav Tie
had fey applying; to Portland Trnat
Company of Oregon. 10 Thlrit at.. c
to ue rear eierK la the ballllns.
MSN NO CURE. K3
PAX THE MuS.
APPLIANCE-A p s. 1
Everything else falls. The VACUUM TRF at
MENT CURES you without medic.ne t
an nervous or diseases of the generative nrc""
iucb as loot manhood, exhausting dra.ns, vj
cele. Impntency. etc. Men are quickly restu
perfect health and strength.
Write for circulars. orrepondenc rcrJ!"'
ttal THE HEALTH APUANcaf 1 rx
his saxe oeposlt building; Seattle
Hi ill
Rill Ml
Mi m
TmwL...ut-s-zZjm