t 3KHK a. 3
10
THE MOTTOING- OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JANUARY 29, 1900.
STAGE HISTORY OF
(Copyright, 1S99.
THE GREGONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE:
POPULAR STUDIES
- IN SHAKESPEARE
Contributors to this course: Dr. Edward Dow-
den. Dr. JWiMam J. Rolre." Dr. Hamilton W.
AlCDic, xr. Albert S. cook, JJr. Hiram wreuu.
Dr. Isaac 2. Demmon, Dr. Vida D. Scudder and
others.
XI. RICHARD III.
The Play ns an Actlnsr Drama.
It must never be forgotten that Shake
speare as a dramatist was a professional
playwright. His plays were written for
immediate use upon the stage. If we
would think of them as Shakespeare
thought of them we must think of them as
acting drama?.
Shakespeare Is usually credited with glv- j
of English history so far as the historical i
characters of his plays are concerned. If
this is true of any historical character of
Shakespeare's it is especially true of h's
King Richard III. The world in general
knows little and cares .less for any Rich
ard III other than him 'whom Shakespeare
drew.
"When reading "King Richard HI" we
lake some interest in the subord'nate char
acters of the play. The Lady Anne, Queen
Elizabeth, Queen Margaret, the young
princes, Buckingham, Lord Rivers, Hast
ings, etc, all enlist our sympathies more
or less. But when we see "King Rich
ard HI" played our whole Interest is cen
tered upon the king himself. He then be
comes, what he really Is, one of the great
est, most marvelous, most astounding cre
ations in the whole Shakespearean uni
verse. Our Interest in him dominates and
transcends our Interest In everything else.
It follows, therefore, that King Richard
III is a difficult role to play. As in the
cases of -King Lear. Hamlet, Shylock and
Othello, only the sreatest actors can do
Justice toJL
In one respect King Richard III is the
most difficult of all the Shakespearean
roles. There is not merely the character
of the man himself to sustain, but the
characters of all the different aliases he
assumes. "We must remember that Rich
ard does really obtain the consent of peo
ple to acts and oourse3 of conduct which.
If he were not so consummate a dis
sembler, they would never consent to. If,
then, the part be not so well sustained that
It appears real and natural the action
of the play becomes nonsensical and ridic
ulous The play was popular in Shakespeare's
time; as far as we can learn, the most
popular of Its day. So often and so well
was the play presented that Burbape, the
.King Richard of Shakespeare's age, be
came in people's conception almost the
real King Richard. That famous line
A horse! A horse! My kingdom for. a horse!
was quite as much associated In the pop
ular mind with Burbage and Bosworth
Field as with King Richard and Bosworth
F.eld.
It is somewhat remarkable, however,
that subsequent to Shakespeare's time the
play as Shakespeare wrote it fell into
disfavor. This was perhaps partly because
of its inordinate length. It was necessary
to revise and condense it, and the reviser
and condenser irreverently (as we should
say) substituted his own conception and
treatment. It has thus happened that
the play "King Richard III," which the
Avorld has seen most of and heard most of
Is not Shakespeare's play at all, but a
version of it written by Colley Clbber, the
actor, dramatist and poet laureate (1G71
1757). Modern critics can scarcely find words
strong enough to condemn what they call
the "deformation" which Clbber made of
Shakespeare's uoble production. Never
theless, we must remember that for about
150 years indeed, quite down to very re
cent times Cibber's version of the play,
or some version or other of Cibber's ver
sion, was the only "King RIch'ard III"
the world knew.
It was Sir Henry Irving who, on Janu
ary 9. 1S77, gave to the stage a "King
Richard HI" arranged wholly from Shake
speare's text. Shakespeare's play was too
long to be restored In toto. living's ver
sion is not more than a half, or at most
three-fifths, of the play as Shakespeare
left It.
Almost all great actors who have es
sayed Shakespearean parts at all have es
sayed the part of King Richard III. It
was in the part of King Richard III that
Garrick made "his first appearance on
any stage" in the little theater of Good
man's Fields. The stage-infatuated young
wine merchant appeared incognito, but the
success he won, though it scandalized his
family, determined his career. His Rich
ard III soon became the wonder and talk
of the town. And King Richard ever re
mained one of Garrick's greatest parts.
John Philip Kemble included Richard
III In his magnificent repertoire of Shake
spearean characterizations. But the part
was too versatile for Kemble's stately
talents. The great King Richard III of
Kemble's era was that unfortunate, er
ratic genius. George Frederick Cooke, of
whom Byron once said, having heard that
a biography of Cooke had been written,
that two things were marvelous about
him first, that a man so continuously
drunk should live long enough to have a
biography: and. second, that a man so
much in his cups as Cooke was should
ever have known any pne sober enough
Edmund Kcnn an Richard III.
to write his biography. Cooke's frequent
disappointments of the patrons who
thronged his house to hear him In his
great part became at last too annoying to
be endured. Once, when he had vainly
endeavored to remember his lines, he put
his hands to his breast, and, simulating
sickness, hiccoughed out the words. "My
old complaint." The aptness of his self
description was too ridiculous to remain
unrebukod. He was hissed off the stage.
And 5'et if is doubtful If a greater Rich
ard III than Cooke has ever been known.
Cooke, it may be said, was the first
great actor that ever crossed the Atlantic
to play in the United States. This he did
KING RICHARD III
by Seymour Eaton.)
DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON
i In 1S10. His principal play, of course, was
iving- Kichard III." His success was enor
mous. But his "old complaint" soon
proved too much for him. He died In New
York, untlxnelv. in 1R12.
King Richard III was one of the nrinci-
pal" roles of that greatest of Shakespear -
-" -""i """"" xveaii. riucs umer
I as to the relative excellence of Kean's
1 King Kichard and some other of his
J.Shakespearean parts. Hazlitt, however,
who no doubt was the greatest dramatic
critic of Kean's day, says that Kean's
Impersonation of the character was the
most refined and the most appropriately
GEORGE FREDERICK
versatile of any the stage had known. In
the scene with Anne, he said, no one could
have equaled Kean but "the first tempt
er." Kean's death scene, too, in "King
Richard III" (death scenes, it may be said,
. .ire Kean's forte) was a marvel of appro
priate representation.
In the estimation of personal friends
Junius Brutus Booth was Kean's great
rival. Opinions differ very much as to
the quality of Booth's genius as compared
with that of Kean's In many parts. But
there is no difference of opinion as to the
merit of Booth's Richard III. Almost the
only adverse opinion ever pronounced
upon It was that It was an exact Imita
tion of Kean's. This was In England,
however. When In 1825 Booth came to
America, he found himself supreme, not
only In King Richard III, but In every
other tragic part. "When he died (In 1S52)
it seemed for the moment as If the gran
deur of the stage had ended.
It will always be a regret to the lovers
of Edwin Forrest's name and genius that
he had not In youth the advantage of fa
miliarity with good stage examples and
noble stage ideals. Had this been so,
had he not for jears been doomed to
act amid the demoralizing influences of
rough, uncultured audiences, there Is lit
tle doubt that Forrest would have ranked
with the world's greatest players with
Garrick, with Mrs. Siddons, with Edmund
Kean for his natural histrionic powers
were of the highest As It was, his Rich
ard III was a noble production, though
far inferior to his Lear, his Othello and his
Corlolanus, and especially to his Vlrglnlus,
his William Tell and his Metamora.
King Richard III was the elder Booth's
most famous part, and It Is an Interest
ing illustration of the descent of genius
that it was in "King Richard III" that
Booth's greater son. Edwin Booth, first
made fame. The elder Booth was given
to moods. One night in New York, in
1851. being billed for Richard III, he an
nounced to, his son, who' was attending
him, that he was ill and unable to per
form. Then the son pleaded that the peo
ple would be disappointed. "What can
they do without you, father?" he cried.
The only reply that he received was: "Go
act it yourself." And this at last he did.
Of course he knew the part, for every
word and tone and gesture of his father's
acting had long before been absorbed in
his very being, so loyal and dutiful a son
was he. But it was an anxious night for
him. His father's clothes that he had to
wear were far too big for him, and he
could plainly see that the managers of the
house were on tenterhooks. But his gen
ius carried him through. At the end of
the play he knew that he had found his
vocation.
Note. The study of "King Richard HI"
will be concluded on Thursdav. The two
concluding papers in the Shakespeare
course will be of unusual Interest. Dr.
Farrott, of Princeton, will present a pa
per on 'Thc Schools of Shakespearean
Criticism." and Hamilton W. Mabie will
present a paper on "How to Study Shake
speare." A Man "Without n Party.
Boston Journal, rep.
Some newspapers. Including once In
awhile the Journal, make the mistake In
their Washington dispatches of marking
Senator Pettigrew of South Dakota as a
republican. Thank the Lord, the party is
not carrying that load. He was elected as
a republican in 1S95, but now is a repub
lican neither actually nor technically. He
misrepresents his state with Impunity be
cause there Is no way to put him out until
his term ends, but his constituents are
eager to get at him. He has not attended
a republican caucus in three years, and
could not if he tried. In the" congressional
directory he calls himself a member of
the silver party.
o
The Public and the Army.
London Spectator.
We (the public) cannot do much now
but volunteer, subscribe, and -determine
that we will see this thing through, even
if we have to spend 200.003,000 on it and
lose many men. When, however, the war
Is over, the public must Interest Itself In
the army, not, merely from the sentimental
point of view, but from that of sound
business. The public pay, and the public
must see that they get value for their
money, and not leave the thing entirely to
the official soldiers. When we say "the j
jjuuui:, we iiicu.li, ut cuui.t;, uie Kinu ot i
people who busy themselves directly with
civil affairs the intelligent, level-headed
and vigilant portion of the .public. On mili
tary -matters, such men have hitherto kept
silent, and have not even lcoked into the I
facts. In future there must be no such
false modesty. The best elements In our
civil life must not leave the army alone,
but must see that common sense and
sound business principles, and not ofilclal
bugbears, rule at the war office.
GOLD STANDARD IN JAPAN.
How
It Is Affecting the Industries
of the Country.
Mr. S. Uchlda, consul for Japan at New
York, has written a very Interesting
j sketch of the experiences of his country
....... .... w .......j ti..0 m vnu
last 30 years. During that time it has tried
tne S"u standard, the silver standard, the
double standard and an Inconvertible pa-
per currency, such as our greenbacks were
during and for a time after the war. In
short, Japan has put to the test all of
' the theories about money which govern-
COOKE AS RICHARD III.
ments are urged by conflicting schools of
political economy to adopt. Mr. Uchlda
writes of these experiences entertainingly
and with the intelligence of one who un
derstands the whole subject. The article
has much instruction in It forjthe people
of this country, and If Its value Is appre
ciated it will have wide publication. It
appears In the columns of Public Policy,
a Chicago weekly of high class, edited by
Allen Ripley Fcote.
Mr. Uchlda shows that the gold stand
ard was nominally established by Japan
soon after it opened commercial relations
with the outside world. It early learned
that it must unify its local currencies,
then in a chaotic condition, and that it
should have a standard of value bearing
some definite relation to that used by the
world, in which 4t had become a factor.
Unfortunately, just as this reform was
begun, the government was forced to grap
ple -wlth rebellion, and its expenses, being
enormous, it resorted, like our own coun
try, to repeated issues of paper money.
It was obliged to abandon all pretense of
keeping "this paper currency at par with
gold. The latter passed out of circulation
and was quoted at a premium.
Japan also tried a national bank curren
cy, modeled after ours, but as It was re
deemable In the government paper money,
the bank notes suffered the same discount.
The next step was to admit silver to free
coinage and make it a full legal tender.
This gave nominally the double standard,
but In practice the depreciated paper ex
pelled all silver as well as gold. Gold, sil
ver and paper were alike legal tender, but
no two of the same value. Nothing more
Is required to show that something besides
the legal-tender quality Is required in
money.
At this time. 1SS1. Count Matsukata, the
same statesman who lately established the
gold standard, became minister of finance.
He determined to resume specie payments
upon a sliver basis. His plan was: First,
to pay off the government notes, cancel
them and issue no more: second, to com
pel the national banks to pay off their
notes and retire them; third, to organize
one great central bank of issue, modeled
after the Imperial bank of Germany,
which should have the exclusive privilege
of Issuing paper money and be required
to always redeem the same in silver.
This tied the currency to silver. It re
lieved the country from the fluctuations
of an Irredeemable paper currency, which
had been found injurious to all Interests,
but Count Matsukata was of the opinion
that Japan had not yet the best system
obtainable. He believed the adoption of
the gold standard would be another step
of progress, and, Indeed, was Indispensa
ble if that country aspired to a prominent
commercial position.
Accordingly, In 1S93, was appointed a
monetary commission of 15 members to
Investigate the whole subject. It was
composed of high officials, professors of
the university of Japan, members of the
diet, and business men eminent In the
commerce of the country. The outcome
of its investigations was the decision that
the country should adopt the gold stand
ard. Mr. Uchlda tells this story in Its Inter
esting details, and his account of how the
government carried the reform to success
ful Issue shows It to have been one of
the most ably conducted operations in the
annals of government finance. The change
to the gold standard was made without
any violation of existing equities by es
tablishing a new gold unit, corresponding
to the value of the existing sliver unit.
The Indemnity received from China fur
nished the gold required to take up the
silver yen coins, and the latter were
either advantageously sold or remlnted
Into subsidiary coins. The entire plan as
laid out in advance was carried through,
and Japan placed securely on a gold ba
sis. Mr. Uchlda shows that the results of the
change have thus far been gratifying to
those- who advocated It. The Industries
of the country are prosperous, its com
merce is increasing rapidly, wages are ad
vancing, the revenues of the government
are satisfactory, and the action commands
the approval of the people.
The experience of Japan has covered so
completely the whole field that debate
ranges over, and Mr. Uchlda has told the
story with such detail and with such clea
appreciation of the facts that are Impor-
tant. tnat tne article is very instructive.
It is certain to be read with great interes
in this country, and it will help our peo
ple to a clearer understanding of tho great
laws that control the value of money and
its relations to industry and trade.
LI FTLE LESS THAN BRITAIN
OUR EXPORTS OF EVERYTHING FOR
THE TEAR JUST CLOSED.
How United States Has Gnincd on
United Klnsrdom Steadily in the
' Vast Quarter Century.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 24. Great Britain
shows "a nose ahead" at the 1S99 quar-tcr-pole
in the neck-and-neck race be
tween the United Kingdom and the United
States for supremacy In the world'b ex
port trade. Domestic exports from the
United Kingdom, in 1S99, according to offi
cial reports just received by the treasury
bureau of statistics, were $1,287,571,000,
while those from the United States were
$1,253,486,000, making a difference of $34,
000,000 In favor of the United Kingdom in
the year's exportation of domestic prod
ucts. Compared, however, with relative
conditions at the 1S75 quarter-pole, the
record of 1S99 must prove quite gratifying
to the average American c.tlzen. In 1875
the exports of domestic merchandise
from the United Kingdom were $1,087,
497,000, against $497,263,737 from the United
States, her excess over the United States
at that time being $590,233,000, against $31,
000,000 In 1S99. From 1875 to 1S99 Great
Britain's domestic exports increased from
$1,087,497,000 to $l,2S7,971,C0O, or 19 per cent,
while those from the United States in
creased Worn $497,263,737 to $l,253,4SfJ,000, an
increase of 152 per cent. Adding to the
domestic exports of each country those
brought in from other parts of the world
and re-exported, we find that the total ex
ports of the United Kingdom, Including
"domestic, foreign and colonial," were in
1875 $1,370,465,000, and in 1899, $1,640,31)8,674,
an increase of 20 per cent, and those from
the United States, Including "domestic and
foreign," were in 1875 $510,947,422, and In
1899 $1,275,486,641, an incre'ase of 150 per
cent.
Turning to the Import side of the ac
count, the figures are equally interesting.
Great Britain's Imports in 1875 were $1,819.
779,000, and In 1S99, $2,360,020,000, while those
ot the United States, which In 1875 were
$503,152,936, were In 1899, $799,834,620. A com
parison of the import figures with those of
total exports shows an excess of exports
from the United States in every year dur
ing the last 25 years except 18SS, and In the
case of tho United Kingdom an excess of
imports In every year during the period.
In the case of the United States the ex
cess of exports over Imports In 1875 was
$7,794,486, and In 1S99 it was $475,652,021, while
In the case of the United Kingdom the ex
cess of imports over exports was In 1875
$149,314,000, and In 1899, $756,231,315. During
the 25 years under consideration the for
eign commerce account of the United
States shows a total excess ot exports over
Imports amounting to $3,970,564,000, while
that of the United Kingdom shows an ex
cess of Imports over exports amounting to
$14,489,004,000.
The following table, compiled from of
ficial reports, shows the exports of do
mestic merchandise from the United States
and the United Kingdom, respectively, in
each calendar year from 1875 to 1899, and
indicates the relative growth during that
period:
United
Kingdom.
$l,0S7,497,O00
976,410,000
967,913,000
938,500,000
932.090,000
1.085,521.000
1,138,873,000
1,175,099.000
1,166.982,000
1,134.016,000
1,037,124,000
1,035,226,000
1,079,914,000
1.141.365,000
1,211.442,000
1.282,474,000
1,203,169.000
1,105,747,000
1,062,162,000
1.051,193,000
1.100.452,000
1,168,671,000
1,139.832,000
1,135.642,000
1.287,971,039
Year.
1875...
1876...
1877.'..
1878...
1879...
1880...
1881...
1882...
1S83...
18S4...
1885...
1886...
1887...
18S8...
1889...
1890...
1891...
1892...
1803...
1894...
1895...
1896...
1897...
1898...
1S99...
United States,
.. $ 497.263.737
575.735.S04
607.566.495
723.28G.821
754,656,755
875,564.075
814,162,951
749.911.309
.. 777,523,718
733,763,764
673,593,506
699.519.430
703,319,692
079,597,477
814,154,864
845.999,603
957.3S3.55l
923.237,315
854.729.454
807,312.116
807.742,415
986.830.0S0
.. 1.079,834.296
.. 1,283,564,828
.. 1,253,486,000
DOBLEY'S IDEA OF A SALON
Thinks It Will Prevent Danger
nn Outbreak of Crime.
of
New York Sun.
Mr. Dobley was very late for dinner. He
came In with an air of jubilant enthusi
asm, which Indicated a new train ot
thought.
"The fact is, Mrs. Dobley," he explained,
"Freshington has been unfolding a mag
nificent proposition to me."
"Something preposterous, I presume?"
sighed Mrs. Dobley.
"It is such an excellent Idea," said Mr.
Dobley, lowering his voice impressively
and looking about as though he feared the
cook was listening at the door, "that 1
shall ask you not to mention It until we
have perfected our plans, and are ready to
spring the thing on society."
"Society," exclaimed Mrs. Dobley, in
amazement.
"Exactly. Society is the fish that Is to
nibble at our bait, and return us a catch
in golden coin."
"Is it a new winter resort or an im
proved automobile?" asked Mrs. Dobley.
"Neither," said Mr. Dobley, in triumph;
"you would never guess, Mrs. Dobley. It
Is a salon."
"A salon?"
"Precisely, a ready-made, permanent
salon."
"I recollect that you were once Interest
ed In an idea that included the establish
ment of a permanent circus, but a ready
made salon sounds rather vague to me."
"I will explain, Mrs. Dobley. You have,
of course, noticed the growing fondness
for literary lions, private theatricals and
fashionable readings? Coupled with this
there Is a fad for slumming, for down
town dinners served in basements, and on
roofs; In fact, for any sort of amusement
that Is different from the old-established
Ideas."
"There is certainly a broader idea of
entertainment than there used to be when
I was a girl," admitted Mrs. Dobley. "And
it is not half so stupid as It was then."
"It all Indicates," said Mr. Dobley, " de
sire on the part of society to elevate Itself.
Society is tired of Itself. It Is blase to the
very tips of Its fingers."
"Really?" began Mrs. Dobley "I
can't"
"A wave of art and literature," contin
ued Dobley, "has struck the social ship
and threatens to upset it. There are to
be disintegrations, disruptions. New sets
will form. A salon will arise from the rum
off the old. Culture, brains and blood will
be the standards Instead of cash."
"Do you and Mr. Freshington propose
to furnish the standards?" Inquired Mrs.
Doblev.
"When I speak of the ideal salon," said
Mr. Dobley, who, it was plain to be seen,
was quoting Freshington; "I am looking
Into the future. But there will be a for
mative period, a social upheaval, the low
rumblings of which are already heard.
Just now society 13 crying for a ealon as
children cry for the moon. Freshington
and I propose to give society its salon
for a consideration!
"Don't you think most people would
want to own their own salons?" asked Mrs.
Dobley.
"Yes, but they can't get 'em. When the
salon becomes a fact, society will stand
at the door trying to get In. Admlss'on
tickets cannot be bought on the sidewalk.
Society will be up a tree."
"I see," said Mrs. Dobley.
"The present idea of people opening their
arms to art and literature, and saying,
'Come in, we will feed you and feast you
and let you walk over our hardwood floors
and eat off our golden plates. If In return
you will do a few stunts and be brilliant,"
Is going to result In a fearful mlx-up. I
tell you, Mrs. Dobley. there will be an
increase in crime just as soon as this
thingthey call a salon begins if it is al
lowed to go on as planned."
"You alarm me," said Mrs. Dobley.
"How can It be avoided?" asked Mr.
Dobley. "Society will begin Its salon en
one actor, and an artist or two who have
gone wrong and drifted Into the pink-tea
habit. The next thing will be to secure
more victims. I can assure you, Mrs. Dob
ley, that several of these would-be salon
owners have agents out at present scour
ing Chinatown and the Italian tables
d'hote in search of art material. What
will be the result? Poets with large, hun
gry families In Harlem flats will be
brought within view of alluring feasts,
gorgeous silverware, gems and all sorts
of temptation. Artists accustomed to
freezing In their steam-heated studios wiil
find themselves In the superheated atmos
phere of Fifth avenue. Intellectual giants
who are used to quaffing nothing moie
Intoxicating than Wurzburger will have
the cup of pleasure held to their lips. Will
they refuse?"
"I am sure I don't know," said Mrs.
Dobley.
"They will not! They will not only take
what is offered, but they will reach out
for more. The anarchistic spirit that is
alive In every soul that has ever breathed
the atmosphere of art will blaze like a
bomb and ignite things."
"I suppose they are well Insured," said
Mrs. Dobley, as though to avert a catas
trophe. "Here is another thing, Mrs. Dobley.
You know that if there is one fad, if we
can call it a fad, mort deeplv rooted in
those possessing the true artistic tempera
ment than any other, it is the securing
of souvenirs from the homes of their
hosts."
"Well, I recollect that when we gave
that dinner to the Purple Cat Club there
were eight coffee-spoons, a pepper mill and
three table napkins missing. But then you
explained it."
"Yes, I told you it was a purely play
ful Idlosyncracy. I made you understand
that in the world of art the possession of
property Is regarded as only accidental.
Another thing, the sacuring of souvenirs
I has a certain sentiment about it."
"Yes; the only trouble is that It breaks
a set If three table napkins are taken, or
spoons. It is so hard, to match patterns."
"But when you understand that It Is
an established custom, you feel reconciled.
Why, there's Glob Sepia, the artist; you
recollect Mr. Sepia?"
"Yes. He took a salt-shaker and a
punch ladle the night of the dinner."
"Well, Sepia has his studio entirely fur
nished with souvenirs. It is really a re
markable place. Every piece of silverware
has a history; as for the table linen and
the towels, why each one has a different
marking on it. He has towels from every
hotel In the United States. And bric-a-brac
and furniture! Why, the place Is a
museum. People understand Sepia, so that
even when he takes up a chair or an oil
painting they pretend not to notice It.
Sepia gets offended so easily!"
"Yes, I thought he was very sensitive.
He was taking one of those game-carvers,
and I told him he might as well take tho
other, so that he would have the set, and
he threw it back on ,the sideboard. He
seemed very much hurt."
"You see, you didn't understand him.
Now, the question Is, will society under
stand this phase of art? If at a salon
some celebrity carelessly pockets a gold
bon-bon dish or a salt-cellar, will the
woman who Is running the salon be
gracious enough to smile pleasantly and
go on asUhough nothing had happened?"
"I don't think she would understand,"
said Mrs. Dobley. "I shouldn't care to."
"That's just what Freshington and I
thought. Now, our Idea Is to take the
entire burden of the salon off the shoulders
of those who are anxious to have one.
At present they seem to think they can
buy them as they would an automobile.
They can't, and when they discover It
there will be lots of disappointment. This
Is where Freshington and I are to come
In with our circulars."
"Circulars?"
"Of course. We arft going to get them
out on the very heaviest cream-laid paper,
with a crest and a monogram on the top.
Freshington thought a bottle of ChlantI
rampant, with a salted almond couchant,
would be a decidedly symbolic Idea.- Then
we are going to have them engraved some
thing In this way."
Mr. Dobley took out a sheet of notepaper
elaborately inscribed with lead pencil.
"Thia really Is Freshlngton's Idea," he
said, "and I think you will admit that It
is a good one. It brings the matter clear
ly before the reader, without any beating
about the bush." Then Mr. Dobley read
this circular:
"We beg to call your attention to our
newly established and magnificently
equipped salon, which may be procured for
evening parties, afternoon teas, house par
ties and all occasions for which the serv
ices of a ealon would be desirable. Real
izing the difficulties ' and dangers which
interfere with the establishment of a
first-class salon, the undersigned have, at
great expense, secured the best specimens
of subjects for salon use. Artists In every
branch of art, conversationalists who talk
only in epigram, musicians on every known
Instrument, travelers from, the poles to
the tropics, all prepared to furnish an un
conventional evening's entertainment and
to pose as guests, the business side of the
engagement to be strictly private.
"We are pleased to be able to inform
our patrons that the services of detectives
will be unnecessary, as we have Investi
gated the references of all those whose
time we have contracted for. Our own
agent will accompany the salon, and will
arrange for the performances, which will
be found strictly up to the mark. There
will be absolutely nothing to offend the
most prudish unless It Is required. For
smokers, stag parties, etc., we have an
entirely different staff of artists, who wilr
give a more pronouncedly Bohtonlan pro
gramme. Our terms are strictly In ad
vance, and may be ascertained on In
terview, varying with the time required.
No engagements are made for less than
two hours, or without supper, dinner or
luncheon furnished. We cannot agree to
be responsible for any breakage or dam
age to furniture which may result from
the enthusiasm or feeling displayed by our
artists In their various roles.
"Below will be found a few of our most
desirable salon stars: Mr. Goldbrlcque
Strlngem, theosophlst, said to be a Yogi;
talks incessantly, and will give hypnotic
experiments. If encouraged; good dresser.
Mr, Centre Stage, actor; magnificent ward
robe; fine figure; small eater; favorite as
a corner roan; can also dance.. Professor
Pomegranate Poundem, pianist; like Pad
erewski In everything but looks; will do
four turns In an evening; no encores: ob
jects to wearing a dress suit. Miss Maizle
Peach, neat and refined cakewalk; can also
skirt-dance; will not black up. Mr. Chln
cey ChippywL3e, actor and recltationist;
willing and obliging; Mr. Chippywise can
not only entertain with his Inimitable songs
and dances, but will be found Invaluable
to keep the help quiet during the progress
of the salon. Tommy Tump, wit and
mlrth-prcducer; handsome: wears a brace
let: for spontaneous wit and harmless rep
arteo we can recommend Mr. Tump. Mrs.
J. Racy Rocket, poet; will recite, whistle,
tell stories and do tricks with cards.
"These are only a few of our salon at
tractions. We have minor poets, come
dians and a large stock of foreign noble
men, who will circulate among the guests
and talk about their titles. In case of
any Inconvenient rush in rcrving the
guests, these gentlemen have agreed also
to act as waiters. Positively no tips.
"We aim to please. Give us a trial, and
you will use no other salon. We are con
stantly adding frech material, and frdra
time to time If not oftener we will an
nounce ,new attractions, even more varied
and brilliant than these given herewith.
Address the Smart Salon Supply Company,
Hyphen hotel court. Cable address, Yel
bod." "There, Mrs. D.," said Dobley, folding
up the paper and holding his eyeglasses
triumphantly aloft, "wha d' you think of
that?"
t e
Your complexion, as well as your tem
per. Is rendered miserable bv a disordered
liver. Improve both by taking Carter's
T.lttln Llvar Pitla. J
SERMON ON (HARTINEAU
DR. ELIOT SPEAKS OF THE GREAT
THEOLOGIAN".
Places Him Among: the Greatest Eng
lishmen of the Century Brief
Outline of His Work.
At the Unitarian church the mornlns
discourse was by Rev. Dr. Eliot a me
morial of Dr. James Martlneau, who died
January 12, at the advanced age of 95.
After some words as to his place among
the great Englishmen of the century, and
among the leaders of the liberal Chris
tian faith, such as Channing, Emerson
and Parker, the speaker tald:
"It Is in the realm of trained and in
spired intellect that Martlneau soars with
an eagle's wing, and an eagle's glance.
j He has an eye that looks without swerv-.
Ing at the sun, and pierces to the lowliest
thing of earth. His wings buffet the
fiercest storms from polar or torrid zones
of thought, with unruffled strength, and
always gain the upper air the empyrean
where the word of God bids all to be
still. We liken him to the chief of the
Titans a Prometheus bringing celestial
gifts to his fellow-men. Though his life
has not been one of tragic sacrifice, he
has voluntarily laid aside the worldly
honors, which would have been heaped
upon him as the greatest mind in Eng
land, If he had chosen a scholar's gown
In order that he might serve the oracles
of the living God, as preacher and teach
er of the humblest of the folds of Christ,
the 'despised and rejected' Unitarian
church.
"To do justice to Martlneau, we should
paint for a background the story of lib
eral Christianity In England the tale of
fugitive groups of Presbyterian, Baptist
and Methodist churches, which, after Iso
lation and martyrdom, found themselves
grouped under the hated name Soconlan
or Unitarian scoffed at, legally pro
scribed, hated with a hundred-year hatred
of mingled fear and Ignorance; tabooed
as dissenters by the great establishment,
and then esteemed heretics by all other
dissenters. Another portion of our back
ground should be sketched in broadly
the picture of a century of theological
and philosophic conflict, where the storm
centers are marked by names like Carlyle,
Coleridge, Newman and Pusey, and in
another direction Spencer, Comte, Darwin,
Huxley and' Mill counter whirlwinds of
positivism or agnosticism, and of flight
into the arms of obscurantism and eccle
siastic authority. Martlneau shared In all
these, not as an observer or critic merely,
but as a leader and stalwart.- He was at
once the personal friend and merciless an
tagonist In thought of some of the great
thinkers just named, and confessed by
most of them to be almost the only man
who at the same time fully comprehended
them and fairly met the questions at
Issue.
"Once more, to understand Martlneau
we should sketch his external history; his
education as civil engineer; his turning
to the Christian ministry; his successive
pastorates in Dublin and Liverpool and
London; his long service as head master
of a divinity school and author of his
epoch-making books. Of even higher mo
ment would be the story of his own de
velopment, the successive steps of his
spiritual enlightenment, and the convic
tions in which his masterful soul rooted
and from which his life-work shot up
like a tall palm beside an Island shrine
some Delos of Apollo, deep-soiled, ocean
aired, fed from divinely living waters. In
this brief half hour we can only make
allusions or mark their outlines in any
of these directions, each of which Is nec
essary to a real comprehension of what
Martlneau is.
"I think we shall be best helped to an
image of the man, in all his wealth of
sweetness and light, by listening to a
few of his own words. And first I find
myself drawn to a remarkable sketch of
the eventful mental change In his life
an autobiographical treasure which he
gave in an introduction to one of his
greatest works, 'Types of Ethical The
ory, published In his 80th year.
"In this Invaluable preface, after some
words about systems of philosophic opin
ion, which he says all grow from the
mind's Instinctive effort to unify and jus
tify Its own deepest affections and ad
miration, Martlneau describes his aban
donment of an early base of determinism
and necessarian philosophy, which he had
shared with Bentham and John Stuart
Mill. The change took place while he was
pursuing Greek studies In Germany.
Thereafter he became a master In spirit
ual dynamics, and one of the greatest of
the prophets of the Independence of the
soul and conscience from the categories
of sense or external nature.
"Summing up his eventful change, Mar
tlneau says that It was the Irresistible
pleadings of the moral consciousness
which first drove him to rebel against the
limits of the merely scientific conception.
In effect, his new method was a persua
sion that the conscience can be trusted,
and that the inward assurance of free
will and of a divine authority In right Is
the Immovable base and the only base of
religion and theology, and of character
and life. Even more strenuous Is his
vindication of human personality against
that drift of either scientific or philosoph
ical thought which, says he, 'descend upon
man and take him up for study as a par
ticular article in the created furniture of
the world,' begetting the nightmare that
'we are not agents, but only spectators
of our own history.' Have you not seen
children having a 'play party' and a 'pre
tend cup of tea, with their dolls at
the table, sitting around and poked about
In mimicry of life? I recall one such play
party, where a child called her motner.
saying, 'Mamma, can't we have some real
milk to play with, now?' and when the
busy mother answered, 'Oh, why don't
you get along as you can with your pre
tend milk,' the child archly said. 'We
were going to, but It's all spilled on the
floor.'
"It Is against the play personality ana
the pretend conscience, which are being
somehow pushed upon mankind, a3 a re
sult of scientific thought, or new creeds
of philosophy, that Martlneau makes his
Immortal battle. He will not suffer the
conviction of moral responsibility to be
swamped, not even In the name of God,
by either the Calvlnlsts foreordlnatlon,
nor the posltlvlsts' materialism, nor the
Darwinian theory, nor the pessimism cf
a Schopenhauer, nor the monism of a
Haeckel, nor the pantheism and virtual
denials of moral distinctions Implied In
some of the prevalent Isms.
"He cuts to the very center of all such
systems, and shows that their morality,
so far as it is claimed, Is without a
valid base, and therefore destined histor
ically to work harm, except as human na
ture, by a divine inconsistency, continues
to feel truly, when it may be reasoning
falsely. It is because reason and feeling
cannot long remain apart without some
fatal loss In character, and because wrong
philosophy and bad theology at last turn
out world-wide moral Injury, that work
like Martlneau's Is of Infinite Importance.
As Rosseau's error concerning freedom
and what constituted a return to nature
Infected at last the whole thought of Eu
rope, and let loose the furious license of
the French Revolution, so inversely Mar
tlneau's vindication of the moral con
sciousness and the resolution of all other
questions concerning man and God, by
the key of conscience may be turned to
by coming generations as the only rational
barls of character, and will safeguard
civilization when the 'pretend' responsi
bility of the nature schools of ethics and
of science has been, like the children's
play milk, all hopelessly spilled.
" 'I am deeply persuaded,' says he, 'that
no monistic scheme, whether Its start
ing point be self or nature or God, can
ever Interpret without distorting or ex
punging ,the facts on which our nature Is
built.' "
The discourse closed with the descrip
tion of personal Interviews of Dr. Eliot
with Martlneau In London. 24 years since
and ft characterization of his great books
on religion, most of them published s.noof
his 80th year. Martlneau was of Hugusr otj
stock, tall and vigorous, with a s rgu.arj
union ot power ana grace ra his covri-
tlon. As a preacher he ws dlstlngv,.! -a!
Tor a controlled passion and sympV-'y
and masterv of the Innenaw of ntiri ,T -.
tlon and communion with the Most Il-siuj
PORTLAND LETTER LIST.
Persona calling1 for these tetters will ra
tate date on which they wera advertise". J-"!-uary
29. They will be cnarsed for at the ra:o of
1 ceni eacbr
WOMKN'S LIST.
Alexander. Mis Jessie Little. iH3 Carrie
Alderman. Mtes Ella Loe. Mtow Kaldietii
AmJereon, Mrs Mary Lock. Mrs U
Anderson. Mrs Za!a XJcFobtml Mrs Ger
Barreu. Mrs John traow
"attllt. Mtai Maud M MeMrWe. Mrs Sarah
gerenmyer. Miss Molly Met arthy. Mrs A
w',?5lI?er,.Ml"' JuH v McDonald, Mi?, M-r-Booth,
Mn D garet
rZd,'r M,lss,E1Ia z McFarland. Mrs R -a
Griggs Mrs Clarence F McLeod. Mrs T
w, k V; -uary Maxwell. M'j Max na
Bush. Mrs Clara Markle. Clara E
pIm?' 3?fasnlla Martin. Ml L lirl
Larroll. Mrs Theodore EMartln. Mtsa Lcf
Careon. Mrs M E Mam. Mr- J '-
SlaJi6sW?IrVm Mathews. Mrs Mue
Clark. Mlse Mary Smith
Coffman, Miss Hny-7 Melton, Mri J m B-3
Conwav. Mm t t
Mbrxan. Mr VC .T
Costello. Mrs Mattle
Dyron, Mrs Ethel
LL.ashmutt. Miss
Nellie
Diamond. Mm Tnv
:Nsl?en. Mr 15C Grand
avenue
Xolandv Mies Riby
Non-ls. M t-s Ir?-i
O'Rel ly, M r Inrlc
Doty. Mrs Amanda A
J'nrson. Mrs wirni'-
Engle. Mrs Sadie PhlUipp Mra W T
Enegn. MrsL Plke Mr3 M tt
Erkrdge MrsZ A Prlekett Mrs nn.a
Evarltt. Miss Emma-2 Prahl. Mr r, J
Fleming. Miss Ida Quln-trelt Mrs C!a-a
ueiscnen. -ur? inuse Ret-te. Mle Emma
German. M!ji A ft
Reddecopp lll Merria
Gllrore. Miss Char
lotte Goldemlth. Mrs A M
Graves. Miss Olive
Grrtne. Mrs I f
GrLTln. Ml .Tonnlo
lth!fbrd. MIso Viola
Reed. Roe
Rlee. Mis L-U
Riley. Mrs Mattie
Roolnson. Mrs Mi Ills
Rogers. Mrs ila
Rogers Mls X.-lUe
Groe. Miss Mart'.ne
Hammond. Dr Nettle KRowj. Ml- Ai .
Hamilton. Josste Rownn. Mm Gratia
Ha.isen. Miss Mary KuggUtf. Mrs Laura
Harrington. Mrs Mabel Rvner. Mrs
Harrington. Mrs S C Sax. Mrs Catherine
Harter. Mrs J r
Sevmour Mrs I.i?-!j
Heuler, Mra M
Herrington. Mri S C
Herrcn. Mrs John
Hubbard, Mrs Jennie
Illff. Mr." Fred S
Jenkins. Mrs Addle
Johnston, Mrs A V
Jones, Mra Delphlne
Jones. Mrs Laura E
Klebe. MI Ema
Kendall, Mrs Addle
Kerans. Mr nrn
?eara. Mr J H-S
Seeman. Mrs Lizzie
Sloper, Mrs Maurice
Smith. Mli J f
Smith. Susie "V
Solomon, Mn R ith
Sommers, Mrs Vinla
Spraier. Mrs Adi
Stubling. M.-s -.na
Summers. r. ita
Sutherland. Mr A I.
Snow. Mr TT.Thni
Kerohaw. Mrs W E
Taylor. Mrs Jam:
Knight. Mrs Ora Ed- Thompson M? L i'u
wards
Turner, Miss Vji'-'e
Knight. Mrs Jennie
Koch. Miss Louisa
Ldd MI?s Helen.
Lamkln. Miss Grace
Ljsen. Mies Mollle
Lee. Mies
Lewis, MIbs Blanche
vernon. Miss Pu'e
V!gn. MI Ger.a
Wagner. M'sc Lizzte
Wales. Mr Jam"
Walling. M-3 J It
Warren, Miss M.cr.Ie D
MEN'S LIST.
Kearny. Dr J C
Kema, L F
Azu & Goll!0
Abbott. Mr
Allen. J C
Anderson. Andrew H
Arnold. J E
ishmore. J D
Ballejv J M.
Baker. Frank C
Barker, James
Bevens. F W
Beacty, Harry
Bf.iton, F
Black. James
BonaXe. Pierre
Boston Noelty Co
Bowley. 5 G
Brookings. Mr
Bruhan. F R
Brulles. Dave
Brugger, John
Kelley. Bert & Co
Kelly, C E
Kershaw, "William
King. IMek
Ladu. L G
Laonard. L-2
Llvhcgeton. L
L.miberg. A
Lowe. L ha rile
McDonald. M J
McDowell. CU A A
MeFarlane. C Ii
McGreer, Hugr--:J
McKay. Jan I)
MeKinney. Jno
McNeil. Petr F
MtJdox. E V
Manfred, Petro
CereKhlno, J A
Mamin, J L
CapUol View Company Mar;:n. Fred C
Cammarison. C W Maeon, George
Campbell, Jhames Matz. Flaher & Bcyiea
Closson. Geo B Majvr. George C
Colesen, Cyrus Mad, O C
Cole. J H Wersrens. Robert
cranttall. Aylsworth &Men.-iant. F L
Haskell
Merrick. T J
Crcnmer. Charley
Curran, Murry
Dennis. M J
DtWeever. L A
Doty. D D
Dowllng. T W
Droeckler, Uriah V
Dunn. D
DurkHelmer, Mose
Edwards, J E
Eldrldge. Arthur S
Uvans. M P
Fanner, A G
Feyrer, John
Fish. Geo E
Fowler. AV
Fuervin. O
Ghormley. Carl
Gerstenfeld. M '
Glle. J xv
Grant. Al-2
Greenhagen. Willie
Green, Geo F
Gnrlln & Ogllvle
Gulrft. John
Hazelwood, B L
Hagan. O M
Hall. Dan
Harley. S F
Bartman, II A Son
"hempejv Wllllf
Hempy, Francis
Hendricks, Walker
Hendricks. TV O
Horsrey, Angleaa
Huxley. H M
Hugh & Co
Hughes, E B
Humke. Fred
lmel. Sol
Moffat Chemical Co
Moore, Dan E
Moore. Mr and Mrs
Moneon, D R
Muller, Karl
Myers, George
Nankerilli V.MI
Nankervllle W E
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Patoner. Howard
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Rmron. W H
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Scott. Grant
Sott. J C
ShafTer. Geo H
Slilndler, Geo
Singleton. M E
Smith, Dr J N
Smith, J E
Styner Electro Tra
peuttc Co
Swrttng, R
Stearns. H A
hwlngler. Frank
Terrell. 3 S
'Hvimpeon, Jnj
The-!pton. Andrew
Thorn pRjn. J L
Townsend. E A
Tsumura. M
Jackson. W Colvln
Uhlman. H G
Jonpcnsen. M P, flnan- Warburton. T
escretary-2 Ward. Dr L
Johnson. John Weeks, Sylvanltjs
Jones, Emmet L Zeiler. Churlt3
Jones, S C Zlmmermun. AJam
Kasdorf, William
A- B. CROASM VN, P. M.
t c
U. S. Grant Club Smoker.
The XJ. S. Grant Republican Club, In
the eighth ward, has commenced prepara
tions for a social smoker on the evening
of February 10. It will be largely for the
purpose of getting the members together
and to promdte the reglstrat'on of "voters
In the ward. There will be n: poLr.cal
addresses. Such a gathering- h?s not ben
had for over a year, and It is the deslra
of the members to get together for soc .U
purposes before the active campaign shall
open. The Sound-Money and the Eighth
"Ward clubs have consolidated with tha
Grant Club. The latter, of which W. R.
Bishop was pre&ldent. and E. J. Ladd sec
retary, at Its meeting about two years ago,
took this action, and the Sound-Money
Club recently joined with the Grant Club.
The best of feeling prevails as far as
known among the republicans of the ward.
The place where the smoker will take placa
will be announced later.
MO
The Sheepmen Heap Sabe.
Heppner Times.
Mr. J. I. Carson, the well-known Wyom
ing sheepbuyer. In an Interview in Tha
Oregonlan, send forth a wall of woe to
the sheepmen to the effect that he Is
awfully afraid It will be hard for the
sheepmen to dispose of their mutton sheep
this spring, on account of the leasing of
the trails and range to stockmen by the
government. In fact, Mr, Carson says he
Is "worried" about It. Our sheepmen ara
so well onto this old. thr&adbarp calamity
howl of Brother Carson that It is hard'y
probable they will make a general stam
pede in their effort to get rid of their
sheep. We offer the gentleman our dis
tinguished, congratulations on his ability
to secure so much free advertising, but
can assure him that he Is no longer ab'.a
to scare our sheepmen Into selling for
less than the market price.
I used Ely's Cream
Balm for catarrh and
have received great ben
efit. I believe It a safe
and certain cure. Very
pleasant to take. Wm.
Fraser, Rochester. N. Y
Cream Balm la placed Into the niitri.s.
spreads over the membrane and Is absorbed.
Relief Is Immediate and a curs follow. It la
not drying does not produce sneezing. Larxs
Slxe, SO cents at DrugeUta' or by mall. Trial
Slz. 10 cents by mall.
i:LY BROTHERS. 5 Warren Street. NwTork.
MEN NO CURE, NO
nnnrannn .i v . I f !. i l lj rJiin,t
TmmnmmmUf MIUPJI . n-rv- - , .--- . Mn. , ....
j'niJTtll'l li.il lflr-ri.i.m.iu n. kua. ..
Min.?irfr gwar to perfect manhood.
Everything else falls. The VACUUM TREAT
MENT CURES you without medicine of
all nervotn or diseases of the genera'lve organs,
mch as lost manhood, exhausting drains, varies
cele. lmpotency. etc. Men are quickly restored t
lerfect health and strength.
Write for circulars. Correspondence confldan
!aL THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO . room
IHS Sale Deposit bulldl.it Seattle. WaJh.