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THE &01&JDJ3-' fjftEGOTAT, MONDAY, JANUARY 22, 1900.
&
STUDY OF SHAKESPEARE'S RICHARD III
(Copyright, 1000,
THE OREGONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLErj.DlRECTED BYiBRDP.SY!&OURjAJ.ONj
POPULAR STUDIES
tvi coavccdcadc
IN bHArvfcbrcAKt:
Contributors to this ramrse: 3r. Edward Dow
den, T)r. TlMam. J. Rolfe, Dr. Hamilton W.
Mable, Dr.AJbert S. Cook. Ir. Hiram Corson,
Dr. Isaac yDemmon, Dr. 'VI da D. Scudder
and others.
XI. RICHARD III.
The En&Iisb. Chronicle Play.
Professor T. M. Parrott.
"When the first collected edition or
Shakespeare's plays was published In 162?
the player-editors divided the dramas into
comedies, histories and tragedies. In so
doing they recognized a species of drama
Deouliar to their age and country. The
history, or chronicle play, was a unique
and distinctly English hranch of dramatic
literature. As Coleridge has said. It oc
cupies an Intermediate place hetween the
epic and the drama proper. For it was
T)y no means a dramatization of some ep
isode of the nation's history, but rather
an attempt to present upon the stace
-within the brief compass'of an acting play
the Tvhol story of some monarch's reign.
This is shown in the very titles of such
plays as the '"Troublesome Reign of Kins
John" or the Xife and Death of Richard
the Second." And, for the most part, the
early histories adhered with a slavish fidel
ity to the chronicles on "which they were
founded. They were more careful to tell
a. true story than to secure dramatic eifect
or to evolve dramatic character. That
such chronicle plays were popular among
the Elizabethans w e have abundant proof.
Beginning with Bale's fiery polemlcagainst
papal usurpation, the pre-Elizabethan
play of "Kinge Johan," a long line of"
histories hy fjreene, Peele, Marlowe,
Shakespeare, Heywood, Webster, Ford,
Dekker, Rowley and'a host of unknown
authors covers "with hardly a break a
period of English history from the acces
sion of John in 1199 to the defeat of the
Armada In 15SS. Of varying Interest and
far apart in the scale of dramatic art, two
characteristics are common to all theso
plays an exultant pride in the glorious
history of England and a sincere desire to
instruct an English audience in the annals
of the past. Even such a reign of shame
as John's Is uplifted and glorified by the
iigure of the Bastard Faulconbridge, the
true son of Coeur de Lion, whose lofty
boast
This England never did and never shall
Lie at the proud feet of a conqueror.
But when It first did help to -wound itself
around a ready echo in the hearts of a
generation that had seen a united Eng
land shock Into irremediable ruin the
world-wide monarchy of Spain.
Tlie Authorship of Till Play.
There are nearly as many theories as to
the authorship of this play in both lis
forms as there are' critics who have in
vestigated the problem. So much, how
ever, is practically established by the
concurrence of later critics that the "third
part of 'King Henry TI' " is the joint
-work of Marlowe and Shakespeare. And
whether the two great poets -wrote in col
laboration or separately, Shakespeare, as
the younger and less experienced play
wright, worked here in the spirit and
under the influence of Marlowe. "What
that influence was can be told in a few
-words.
Marlowe was the father, almost the cre
ator, of English romantic tragedy. He
adopted the "drumming decasyllabon" or
the would-'be classical school of drama
fists, and, by changing it from a quanti
tative to an accentual meter, created the
mighty line which evoked the wonder of
his contemporaries, drove the jigging
rhymed fourteeners forever from the
stage, and, in the hands of Shakespeare
and Milton, became the organ voice of
England. At the same time, since he
wrote for the public of the playhouses
and not for the learned society of the
court or university, he took up the popular
drama of action rather than reflection,
cleared it of clownish conceits and sub
stituted living, breathing men for the au
tomatic puppets that had clattered about
the stage. It Is in "Marlowe's plays that
we find, for the first time in modern trag
edy, character and character development.
In short, he breathed Into the crude and
formless drama of his day his own fiery
self, a rare compound of poetry and pas
sion. At the feet of such a master, even
the young Shakespeare, with all his con
sciousness of coming glories, might be well
content to sit.
That Shakespeare, almost at the becln
nlng of his career, came under the Influ
ence of Marlowe is undeniable. His own
natural bent was toward rhyme, and the
linked sweetness of "'Venus and Adonis"
shows us how perfectly the young poet
had caught the secret of rhyming meas
ures. Rhyme occurs at frequent Intervals
in most of Shakespeare's early plays, and
It was only a long apprenticeship In Mar
lowe's school that led him to exchange It
for blank verse. This apprenticeship ex
tends over a considerable portion of
Shakespeare's early work. "Titus Andron
lcus" was perhaps written hy Marlowe
flilmself; It Is certainly a play of his school;
and this drama was retouched by Shakes
peare's 'prentice hand. It Is by no means
unlikely that Marlowe was one of the
collaborators in T King Henry VI." to
which Shakespeare afterward added' the
scenes of the quarrel in the temple gardens
and of Talbot's death, "the last and loft
iest farewell note of rhyming tragedy."
aiarlowe's work and Shakespeare's ap
pear side by siae in the second and third
parts of "King Henry VI," and Marlowe's
most finished play served as a model for
Shakespeare's "Richard IIL"
"Richard rfr' a Play of ainrlo-rre's
School."
Nowhere is Marlowe's Influence over
Shakespeare plainer than in "Richard
HI." So apparent Is it. Indeed, that Mr.
Fleay "believes that Shakespeare derived
not only his plot butt a considerable part
of his text from an unfinished play on the
same subject by Marlowe. This is a hy
pothesis that we are by no means called
on to accept. TVe may rather say. with
Swinburne, that "this only of all Shakes
peare's plays belongs absolutely to the
school of Marlowe." Marlowe had blocked
out the character of Richard in the "true
tragedy"; Shakespeare had already added
to and developed It in the third part of
"King Henry VI." And then, while still
under the master's Influence, Shakes
peare undertook a further and Independ
ent treatment of the same theme, and ex
ecuted It with a dash and subtlety that
raise it far above his master's best work.
Professor "Wendell has pointed out cer
tain archaic elements In the play, the im
probability of Gloster's wooing Anne in
the open street, the choral lamentation ot
the widows, in the fourth scene of the
fourth act, and Richard's frank avowal
of his villainy in the opening lines. All
these remind us of Marlowe, who, writing
for a almple and uncritical audience, made
large drafts on their imagination, and
cared little for verisimilitude so he could
but accomplish his effect.
The Character of "Richard in.
There are other characteristics of this
play which show very plainly the influence
of Marlowe the headlong energy of the
action, the sonorous Thetoric of the verse,
the absence of rhyme, and in a large mea
sure, of the fanciful conceits that dis
figure much of Shakespeare's earlier work.
But most characteristic of all !s the com
plete subordination of the minor persons
of the drama to the .central character of
Richard. Marlowe loved a one-star play.
With the possible exception of "Edward
n." his dramas are devoted to the exposi
tion of one great passion in one almost
superhuman figure. And not only does
Richard dominate the other figures in the
pley which bears his name; he Is himself
dominated by one master passion, the lust
of sovereignty. But in the evolution of
this passiop Shakespeare works by subtler
means tnar. Marlowe ever dreamed or.
He gives 4t a backgrppnd of history, he
by Seymour Eaten.)
1 cxPlalns nnfl humanizes it oy nereauy.
Th0 P5lon of sovereignty was an in -
her.ted characteristic in the hou&e Of
Tork. Richard's grandfather had perished
j In an attempt against his king; before ths
outbreak of the civil wars we find Ri;h-
ard's father dreaming of the golden clr
cult of the crown- (II King Henry VI, act
8, scene I). .Richard"? brqtfier exclaims! j
"I'd break a thousand xjaths to reign one
year" (in King Henry VI, act 1, scene
2). In r hard this family characteristic
reaches its cllmas and becomes a fierce
overmastering passion, a demoniacal pos
session. And Richard's native ego'sm has
been nurtured and magnified by the at
mosphere In which he grew to manhood,
for in the "Wars of the Roses a.l laws hu
man and divine were set aside so men
might wreak thPir fust of power upon the
world.
Nature herself has done her part to In
tensify and give direction to this passloa
She has misshaped Richard from his
mother's womb, "like to a chaos or an un
licked bear-whelp." Not that Richard is
a villain because he is a monster of de
formity. The frequently misunderstood
lines of his opening soliloquy
And therefore since I cannot play the loier,
To entertain these fair, well-spoken dajg
I am determined to prpve i villain,.
And hate the Idle pleasures of these days
are not spoken In earnest, 'but In the
spirit of mocking irony which is so char
acteristic of Richard. It cannot be seri
ously maintained that Richard became a
hypocrite, a perjurer and a murderer be- j
cause ne couia not piay tne lover ana
"strut before a wanton ambling nymph."
But the bodily deformity which cut him
off from the delights of love and the
friendship of men steeled h s heart and
steadied his hand to the accomplish
ment of his Inherited purpose. He is not
embittered against mankind because of
his deformity; he gladly accepts it as a
finger mark of destiny. If he was born
with teeth, It plainly signified that he
"should snarl and bite and play the dog."
He revels In allusions to his misshaped
form and exaggerates it with the habitual
jocularity which .Lamb points out as a
prime feature of his character. The same
subtle critic has shown how' in these al
lusions there mingles a perpetual refer
ence to the powers and capacities by
wh'ch Richard is enabled to surmount his
bodily deformity; the joy of a defect con
quered or turned into an advantage is the
cause of these very allusions and of the
satisfaction with which his mind recuro
to them.
Nowhere are these powers and capacities
so magnificently displayed as in his court
ship of Anne. The scene is not uncomr
monly condemned as a piece of EH ate han
extravagance, a reckless defiance of the"
possibilities of nature. That such a mon
ster as Richard could win the love of a
princess, lately widowed by his dagger,
"take her in her heart's extremest hate,"
over the very body of the saintly king
whom he had murdered this, say the
critics, is a flat impossibility. But such
a criticism misses the central point of the
ecene. Richard does not win Anne's love;
he overwhelms her reason, till she
falls Into his arms as the bird into the
jaws of the serpent. Just before she
meets him she has unpacked her heart of
curses, so that she !s disarmed by the
very violence of her emotion. Richard, on
the other hand, comes to her In the' full
tide of success. Regarding the throne
as already attained, he has chosen Anna
as the most fitting partner of the throne.
He realizes fully the obstacles in his path,
and to overcome them every energy is
strained to the utmost, and, his amaz'ng
powers of dissimulation and hyprocrisy
are brought into full pjay. He stops ihi
pallbearers with a rude, Imperious ges
ture, overwhelms Anne with a flood of
flattering terms, and Anally proclaims his
desire with a blunt frankness which the
prudery of some editors cuts out of the
text, to the bitter loss of Shakespeare's
meaning. He calmly confesses the mur
ders with which Anne charges him, and
with superb effrontery lays the guilt at
her door. '
I did kill Xlner Henry,
But 'twas thy beauty that provoked me.
Nay, now dispatch; twxs I that killed young
Edward.
But 'twas thy heavenly face that set me on.
If she treasures resentment let her slay
him; here Is his sword, and here his
naked breast. Or let her say the word
and he will execute her vengeance upon
himself. She hesitates, "I would I knew
thy heart," and is lost. - Not a word of
love falls from her lips, but her resistance
is beaten down and she leaves the scene
Richard's affianced bride. The whole
scene Is an exhibition of the devilish power
ul a tremenaous will over a weak and
emotional nature; today we call It mes
merism, hypnotism, any scientific torm
you will. To Shakespeare It was an in
stance of the might and mystery of evil,
the problem over which he was to struggle
so sorely in his later years.
In this scene are embodied all the char
acteristics that carry Richard so trium
phantly to the thronehis flery energy,
his Intellectual ascendency, hia protean
power of assuming whatever shape he wl'l,
and his biting scorn of the poor victims
of his craft. All these spring from his
one master-passion, the lust of sovereign
ty, and are its instruments for the attain
ment of the goal.
Nofe. This study by Professor T. M.
Parrott, of Princeton, will be concluded on
Thursday.
Mclcan's Slap at Free Silver
Cincinnati Enquirer, dem.
The administrationists have undertaken
to map out the presidential campaign at
this early period. Let the republicans go
ahead and 6eo what they can make out
of their self-imposed task. Nothing wou'.Q
piease them better than to have the dem-
ocrats make a rurious" 'opposition, 10 their
gold bill. That would help them to era.-
1
MR. EDMUND ICEAX, IX THE CHARACTER OFRICHARD III.
Jihasize the Issue .they propose at a prema
ture date, and to ignore or obscure other
and possibly more important issues for
the time being. If Messrs. Aldrlch & Co.
make a silver situation ready to the dem
ocratic hand and the democrats want it
they can embrace It at the proper momenta
If they do not want It they can repudiate
It. or. rather Ihev 6ah tiut'lt In-the shape'
j that will best suit thfelr purposes. This
j thing Of permitting the republicans td
i write the demQcratlc pldti6rm in Janu-
, ary, when the campaign will ridt tie open
J until June ot July, is a hiatter td be
j thought aboiih
, --
"FUTURE OF HUMANITY. '
Thia 1b Interesting, Hioujrii n TMfle
TriiUHCciidtinttili
MARSHFIEL-D, Or., Jan. 17. (TO the
Editor.) I have read with a good deal of
interest the different articles in The Ore
gonian in regard to "The Future of Hu
manity," and it is not for the purpose of
disputing any of the positions taken that
I write, but rather to present some specu
lations of my'own.
The wonderful economic changes that
have taken place within the recollection
of the o'.d people of today are enough to
presage other changes in the near future.
The machine having displaced so many"
of the old antr harder methods of doing
work, necessarily has produced a change
in the muscular system; and the vital
fluid that, In past generations, had to go
to the support of the muscles now is
turned to the brain and nervous system,
thus producing quite a different type of
Individual from only a generation ago.
That all change will still continue in that
direction is very apparent; and the ner
vous -n recks that are seen among the chil
dren of our schools should admonish us
not to go too fast in that direction.
i The future man will learn the value of
' & good physical frame, and will learn to
take care of It. He will learn to supply
the animal economy with everything that
Is needed, and he will also learn not to
Impose upon it that which Is not needed.
He will learn, conjointly, to apply to the
great storehouse of nature for the needed
supplies; and In the meantime he will
learn carefully to sift out a great amount
that we of today suppose to be very im
portant as entirely useless. He will learn
that it Is the right of childhood to de
mand a strong and healthy parentage,
and that the normal condition is health;
that it is better to prevent bringing Into
the world distorted and diseased persons
than it Is to try to straighten and cure
after beinsr born. Candidates for mar
riage will have to undergo very careful
examination as to their physical fitness
to become parents; also will tendencies to
moral or criminal weaknesses place an
embargo upon parentage, as they will
find that better results can be produced
by acting before breaks are made than
to wait until the break and then try to
repair it.
As to the future man's losing the little
toe or wisdom teeth, it certainly will be
very remote, if ever, as our present bone
structure is pretty well fixed, and if right
care Is taken of the present form it is
doubtful about Its being Improved upon.
We may change the shape of the muscu
lar system to some extent, and enlarso
and add power and strength to the ac-"
tlon of the, nerves; but to take out bones
Is another thing; Leaving to the futures
the matter of whether the little toe dis
appears or we lose our wisdom teeth o
veriform appendix, this one thing I feel
sure can be depended upon, that the fu-'
ture man will enjoy a greater fullness or
life than-we do.
The vital force that has been used up
in the past as matter to propel the mus
cular motion, which now Is turned upon
the nerves, will develop gray matter in
the brain, so that higher 'ideals can, be
worked out. One of the first things this
new brain matter will empower him to
see will be how to eliminate much of tho
useless requirements of today; to feed the
physical system only in strict consonance
with nature's requirements and carefully
discard all that which is only a tax upon
the involuntary forces to carry out and
avay from the body; learn to adjust dif
ferences between nations as well as in
dividuals without the equipments of war,
and disregard the follies of fashion, where
they intrude In the least upon the prov
ince of good sense. Before this earth
cools, flops over on to one side and ,quits
revolving, and Is laid off as a dead world
there will be plenty of time for a hteher
type of mankind to live, so as, in a meas
ure, to redeem It from the charge' or
only having produced fighting brutes.
THOMAS BUCKMAN.
a -
Carnegrie Paid It.
A "Washington special to the New York
Press says the statement of John Barrett,
ex-minister to Slam, that it was the
anti-expansion speech of Senator Hoar,
cabled by Way of Hong Kong tcAguinaldo
in Luzonf that precipitated the Pmllpplne
lnsurrectionrhas,led to., an inquiry as lo
who paid tjie & the amount itost lo
cable Senator Hoar's message of sympathy
and comfort to the rebellious Tagals.This
has brought out the further statement that
Andrew Carnegie paid the bllL It Is said
that Mr. Carnegie's connection with the
sending of Senator Hoar's speech to Ag
ulnaldo has b&en known to prominent gov
ernment officials for some time. The state
ment that Mr. Carnegie paid the ' cable
tollB was made last night by a prominent
member of congress. Incidental to this
disclosure it Is Intimated that still further
exposures may be expected. Some time
ago the American forces captured a large
part of the official records of Agulnaldo's
so-called government! These records nqw
are on their way to "Washington. That
they contain matter Implicating "" other
prominent anti-Imperialist" AmerJpan&Js,
to be expected. rf" ' ';. 9 !
o ' '-
T'-se-la.
PORTLAND, Jan. 20. (To the Editor.)
Please give the correct pronunciation pf
Tugela. B. S.
The accent Is on-thepenultlmate, ana
the "e" Is longj A'cbmmon error", lit. the
Pronurckitlon 'of the namejbs madejin I
using "g" as spf t, where t Js bard '"
!
AWAY UP THE LEWIS RIVER
ACCOUNT OFjATRIP TQ THE BEAD
OF'N'AVIGATION'.
, t , :
Onlonfc and Cheese Anecdotes o
Sauvles Island Whisky, Bull Run
Water- and Microbes.
Having frequently heard df the rich
country along the Lewis river, and never
having seen it, I very gladly accepted
the invitation of Captain Charles S.
Kamm to take a trip to the head of navi
gation on that stream. We left Portland
Saturday on the steamer Undine and
eariy Monday morning transferred at the
mouth of the Lewis river to the Lewis
River Transportation Cbmpany's steamer
Walker. We arrived at tne hfead of navi
gation on tne ndrth fork at ll A. M. Sun
day, , January 14. The Walker was tied
up at Hoffman's onion ranch, and haf a
dozen teams were soon busy hauling down
from the onlonhouse some 200 sacks of
these fragrant and wholesome bulbs for
shipment to Portland.
It Is a pleasant thing to steal a while
away from work now and then, and for
one who wrings his allegedbrow dry six
days in the week, a holiday once a year
or so is necessary in order to absorb some
surplus Information and restore the equi
librium. The Start.
We left Portland at 3 P. M. Saturday, in
a blinding shower of rain, which did not
seem favorable for a picnic excursion. By
the time the Columbia was reached the
rain was over, and, as I had never been
able to comprehend the course of the
Columbia at this point, I climbed to tle
pilot-house; where by the aid of Captain
Kanim's explanations and the compass I
got my head turned right, and found
that the course of the river was due
north. As the captain skillfully made
touch-and-go landings at numerous points
on both sides of he river, landing hunters
out for a Sunday's shooting, and ranchers
coming home from the city, he pointed out
yarlous well-known shooting lakes, as
Morgan's, Jewett'.s, Sturgeon lake and oth
ers, and the residences of many old sot
tiers, the absence of foliage on the trees
allowing a, much more extended view than
is obtainable In the summertime.
Happenings on Sonvie's Island.
Having pretty well tired out the oblig
ing captain, I turned my attention to an
old resident of Sauvle's Island, who was
full to running over of Information. ' He
pointed out he spot where Ike Thomas,
the builder of the steamer Lucca Mason,
came to his death. This accident hap
pened while Mr. Thomas was digging a
deep trench to drain a lake near the shore.
The trench caved in on him, and he died
In his boots and standing. The Lucea
Mason came to her end by being sunk in
Lewis river, about 10 years ago, and thus
ended the boat and her builder.
' He next pointed out a little church, the
only one on Sauvlejs island, jtvhich has
a rather remarkable history, and Is now,
as he stated, practically unused. The resi
dents along the Columbia side of the isl
and lived In peace and harmony, while
those on the slough side were inhar
monius. The former decided that, in or
der to perpetuate their harmony and good
feeling, they would build a church where
they could meet on Sundays and Improve
their spiritual tone. The church was
built, and the first sermon In it was
preached by a resident of the vicinity.
The doctrine expounded did not suit all
the hearers, and they fell to disputing over
it, and in a short time were all at logger
heads, and less In harmony than the un
regenerate residents on the slough side
of the island, and there has been not
much use fpr the church since.
This old settler also stated that a dog
owned by Portland sportsmen, who lease
duckshootlng on the island, and which Is
left there during the week, had recently
amused himself by killing sheep. He
killed some 16 one day, and several the
next day. and his master's bill for mutton
amounted" to about $90, which was paid
without a murmur.
On the Washington Side.
After this old resident had gone ashore,
the boat crossed to the Washington slde
and a view was had of the landing for
Judge Bellinger's farm, and his house
could be seen on a rise just beyond Lake
river. When abreast of Warrior rock, the
steamer turned up Into the mouth of Lake
river, where passengers for La Center,
on Lewis river, which comes into the Co
lumbia at the same point, were trans
ferred to the Steamer Walker and sent
to their destination. The Undine then pro
ceeded upLake river some three miles,
and tied up at the thriving village of
Rldgefleld for the night. By this time it
was quite dark, and, as Rldgefleld Is a city
set on a hill, the people who came down
to meet friends, get malls and freight, car
ried lanterns As they were straggling
back up the hill, looking in the gloom like'
a procession of fireflies, a great stillness
stole over the wharf,' boat and river.
Chccseinakiner
One, other passenger was left aboard, and
we speedily made ourselves acquainted,
and adjourned to the saloon, where a good
fire was burning, and entered into a gen
eral discussion of whatever came up, in
which Captain Kamm soon joined. The
stranger, who proved to be a Front-street
commission man, spoke of the quantities'
of fine cheese made -in the Lewis-river
country, which we woretdrtvIsit5"the next
day. He said he had been Interested in
cheesemaklng In Ohio for a number of
years. Needing some information on the
subject, I asked him If there was any
thing beside calf's rennet which would
turn inllk Into curd for making cheese.
He said he had never heard of anything
which could take the place of rennet in
cheesemaklng, but many of the rennets
were Imported from Bavaria, and he was
not certain that they were all taken from
calves. He then spoke of the many ad
vantages that this state possessed over
the East In regard to cheese and butter
making. One of these was the mild win
ters, and another was the cool nights in
summer. In New York, for Instance,
creameries and cheese factories have to
be shut down during the wqrst part of
the winter, and in the summer there is a
great deal of trouble from milk souring
during the hot nights. He asserted that
there was no reason why any one pos
sessed of ordinary skill and energy jhould
not make money in any branch of tho
dairying business In this region, and make
as good or better butter and cheese as Is
made in New York.
The Discussion Wanders.
The discussion then wandered, and the
relative merits of Scotch and Irish whisky
were considered, and a decision, based 'on
actual tests, reached. Next the purity
of Bull Run water was discussed, and it
was held that a water-drinker who mixed
a fair proportion of Columbia river water
with his Bull Run water or his whisky
would be benefited thereby. The steriliz
ing of milk was decided to be Injurious to
the digestion, and a proper and natural
proportion of microbes In water, milk,
butter, cheese and everything .else desira
ble. The next subject taken up was ap
pendicitis and surgical operations. The
removal of 50 pounds of caul fat from an
obese person at one of the Portland hos
pitals was commented fin, and the fond
ness of doctors for carving patients con
demned. Cases of patients afflicted with
various diseases, and forbidden by their
physicians to taste water, who had been
cured by getting access to ice water and
drirklng! all they wanted( were given, and
flnaUy, when, after three hours of inter
esting, amusing and instructive conversa
tion, bH wa mentioned, the case of a
man who snored so hard that he caused
the two-foot thick walls of a ..stone house
be lived In to vibrate, was given, and a'so
.the fact" that the man's wife swore that
he did "not snore, as she had never heard
luW
."k 'L '."UP ile lewis.
Sunday morning the Undine ran down to
the mouth of h rjyer, and met the
Walker, and thoU who were going up
Lewis river went on board her and were
soon on their way up 'that stream., The
boat was in charge of Captains Kamm,
Davis and McNeil, better known as
Scotty, all of whom were familiar with
the channel. There had been a great rise
in the stream a day or two before, and,
although the water had fallen about five
feet, It was still In flood, and all snags,
such as had sunk the Mascot a few days
before, were out of sight. From the pi ot
house the view through the leafless trees
expended across, long stretches of level
and fertile meadow, dotted with cattle
feeding on tho lush grass. A few miles
up the fork of the river was reached, and
the boat turned up the North fork, the
pilncipal branch. The country along tho
river quite came up to expectations, fine
farms, with good buildings, and a general
air df prospetlty being the-rule; but of
course the summer is the proper time to
see the country.
Wobdlhnd.
Three miles or sb up the stream," and the
pretty t6wn of Woodlapd was reached,
stretching for a mile or more along the
bank. Here a landing was made, and a
party went ashore and visited the Wood
land cheese factory, . which was in full
operation. A huge tank of milk had
just been converted Into curds and whey,
and an employe was stirring the curd
around and watching a thermometer float
ing in it. John Bogarth, the manager,
showed us over the place and explained
everything. In answer to a query, he said
there was nothing but calf's rennet which
would properly change milk into curd for
cheese. He showed us through the store
room, where hundreds of cheese, large
and small, were undergoing the process
of ripening, and ran a trier into several
to allow all who wished to test the qual
ity, which was pronounced to be of the
best. The product .of this factory Is In
high favor in Portland.
Returning to the manufacturing depart
ment, several sampled the curd In the
tank, and also the whey. Thi3 -recalled
the well-known poem about "Little Miss
Muffet, who "sat on a tuffet, eating curds
and whey." The whey is quite sweet,
as it contains all the sugar of the milk,
but for a steady tipple most people would
prefer beer or whisky. The curd was very
nice, and, with cream, forms a dainty
and wholesome dish. We were interrupt
ed In our Investigations into the cheese
business by an impatient shriek from the
boat, and so hurried on board and pro
ceeded up the river. Boats do not fre
quently go above Woodland, and we were
quite an attraction, the children gathering
on the banks to see us pass, while the
older ones waved salutes from their
porches.
Ncaringr the Head of Navigation.
As we proceeded up the river, the bot
toms on each side grew narrower, and
finally there would be farms only on one
side for a while, and then on the other.
Sometimes a farm had been moved across
the river, and had gone Into the business
of raising cottonwood on its own respon
sibility. In one place the river had cut a
channel around a whole farm and made
an island of it, and was trying to wash
away the island.
Further up, the banks changed from
sand and silt to cement gravel, and the
bluffs came down to the river occasionally,
and iron ore could be seen cropping out in
places.
Hoffman's Ranch.
A little before noon we reached Hoff
man's ranch, and tied up to secure a lot
of onions for which the ranch is cele
brated. This place is some ten or twelve
miles above Woodland, and within a mile
or two of Aetna, which is as far up as
boats go, but on this occasion the boat
might have gone much further up. The
day was as lovely as could be imagined,
a bright sun shining from a clear blue
sky, and the air was warm and balmy.
A fine luncheon had been sent along by
the steward of the Undine, and a huge
pot of coffee was brewed, and everything
was lovely, tlllv It was found that the
Walker's sugar-bowl had been filled with
sauer kraut. - After a diligent search a
glass pickle dish was found containing
plenty of sugar, and luncheon proceeded
harmoniously.
Half a dozen teams soon brought the
onions to the boat, and then she dropped
down stream to Hayes, where from a
warehouse a "lot of sacks of potatoes,
'boxes of apples and a cbop of chickens
were taken on board.
Home Again.
The sun was setting In glory behind one
range of hills, and a moon as big 'as a
cart-wheel was rising In solemn majesty
from behind another as we started down
the river. The run to the mouth of the
river was made in short order, the cur
rent aiding the steam, and transferring
to the Undine we ran up to Rldgefleld and
tied up for the night.
Early next morning we ran down to
the mouth of the river, and, taking a lot
of passengers and freight from the Walk
er, which had come down" from La Cen
ter, we were off for Portland,' through
Bachelor's Island slough, getting a view
of the great farm belonging to the Ladd
estate, on the way.
Of the numerous landings made, be
fore reaching the Willamette, some i4 in
alland the cans of milk, boxes of butter,
pigs, .chickens, hunters and dead ducks
we took on board, It boots not to speak,
but we arrived at the Alder-street wharf
a few minutes after 10 A. M. with a full
cargo of farm and dairy produce. Despite
the unfavorable weather at tbe start, the
trip proved a real picnic, and a most' en
joyable one, and the only thing I re
gretted was that I was not able to turn
about, 'and go on another liko it, but I
made a vow to see the country up the
East fork of Lewis river, at the first op
portunity. ' J.
One Oregon Paper Favors Roberts.
Eugene Guard.
But Mormon Roberts should not be too
hastily condemned; in fact, his course In
the embarrassing matter desrves riothing
but commendation. These marriages were
contracted under territorial laws that
recognized the validity of plural mar
riages, besides they were sanctioned by
the ruling church. Roberts could have
gained a seat In congress by putting away
two of the women with whom ne had lived
for years In the relation of husband, and
who had borne him children. But he did
not choose to gain whatever honor might
atta'ch to the position by dishonoring his
children and the women who had trusted
him. He chose the better and more hon
orable course.
Senator Hoar's Speech.
Boston Globe, dem.
This speech and othprs that have been
made were of ccurse sent where they
would do most good In a bad cause. It was
very unfortunate, and nobody can tell
what it may have cost us In life and
treasure. But there Is not much to be said
about it at this late day. The misch'ef
has been done, and the episode is virtually
all oyer. Perhaps, however, Mr. Hoar may
think he has somewhat atoned by advo
cating, a scheme f cr the government of the
Philippines, more Imperialistic than that of
the Imperialists themselves.
A Perplexed Organ.
JacksonHle (Fla.) TiciM-Unlon, dem.
For ourselves we believe that universal
consent has enunciated a new principle
which must continue to guide us in our
foreign policy Denmark offers to sell her
West Indian Islands, and Germany wishes
to buy,-while the people are entirely will
ing to come to us, as they have declared
by formal vote. Shall we Insist upon such
an Interpretation of the Monroe doctrine
as will deny a friendly power the right to
3ell her land while we refuse to. buy it?
But to buy again is to assort again ths
doctrine of expansion; what shall we-do
abou. It? Where shall we draw the line
in fixing- our opposition to the republican
poucyj
WANT A MILITIA COMPANY
ONE HUNDRED YOUNG ALBINA MEN
WILL ORGANIZE IT.
J2rectlon ot Armory Depends on the
Forinntlon of the Company
East Side News.
H. C. Wilson, secretary of General
Summers camp. No. 1, Second Oregon
resrlment. who has the list of those who
j are willing to gd into the proposed militia
company for that part of the city, says
that 50 names of young men, mostly mem
bers of the camp, were already sub
scribed. There will not be the slightest
difficulty, he says, la getting 10:) young
men, who will make a fine company,
whenever the time come3 for the organ
ization. The matter Is being- steadily
piessed and is In an encouraging situation,
and there is every prospect that the or
ganization will be effected In the near fu
ture. It will be a strong company, as it
will be composed largely of ex-Second
Oregon veterans, who have seen service,
but there will be other young men who
have never been In a company of the sor:.
The erection of an armory building ;jy
ex-Mayor C. H. Hill depends on the or
ganization of the company. Mr. Hill as
sured Secretary Wilson that he will cer
tainly put up the building wnenever the
company has been regularly organized. In
discussing the plans of the building with
Mr. Wilson It was agreed that the ar
mory should be on the second floor. The
building will- cover 102x62 feet, which will
take in all the ground now occupied by
the wooden structures on the wesit sicn
of the corner brick on Williams avenue
and Russell street and opposite the """.1-liams-avenue
schoolhouse. The entire sec
ond floor will be taken up by the armory.
It is proposed also to place a stase In
one end for public entertainments. Onl
In a general way have the plans been
discussed, but Mr. Hill will, no doubt, be
governed largely by the suggestions of
the leaders of the company when it comes
to building. Mr. Wilson said that no stone
will be left unturned to organize the com
pany and take advantage of the offer of
ex-Mayor Hill.
Showed Gold Nnggets.
William Zimmerman, who is interested
in some valuable mines near Grant's Pass
with State Senator Dufur, is In the city
on a -izlt to his East Side home. He Is
well pleased with the outlook for his
mining properties. He' had with him a
bottle of alluring gold nuggets, which is
a sample of the output from his and other
diggings at Grant's Pass, but he disposed
of most of the nuggets to those who want
ed them for various purposes. On his re
turn, he will take his wife, whose health
has been somewhat Impaired, to South
ern Oregon In the hope that the change in
climate will result In her restoration. He
is looking for great things for that por
tion of the state the present year.
East Side Notes.
Gilbert camp. No. 4, Second Oregon,
will have a smoker this evening at the
hall In the Ross building, on Union ave
nue. The Invitation is general to all ex
coldler.3 of the last wars to attend. A
large delegation Is expected from the
other camps In the city.
Rev. S. W. Fender, of McMlnnville, oc
cupied the pulpit of the First Cumberland
Presbyterian church yesterday In the ab
sence of the pastor. Rev. G. A. Blair, who
Is still confined to his home from the ef
fects of a dislocated ankle.
NOT CHRISTIAN SCIENTISTS
They "Were "Free Presbyterians,"
Who Disregarded Health Laws.
PORTLAND, Jan. 19. (To the Editor.)
In the Boston Journal of January 11 there
appears the following clipping, which. In
view of The Oregonlan's recent editorlar
comment on the case In point, you are re
quested to kindly publish. I know Mr.
Farlow personally, and will vouch for the
statement he makes regarding the case:
TV) the Editor of tho Bcston Journal: In your
paper of January 8 there appeared a dispatch
from Pittsburg. Pa., announcing that diph
theria and Christian Science had had a. battle
at New Brighton, resulting- in the death of two
children of Frank ilartsolf. and in bringing
ilartsolf and his other child down with the dla
easie. Having Investigated- this case, I And that the
Martsolfa -svere net Christian Scientists, but
were members of a denomination called "Free
Presbterlans," and that they were belleere In
healing by faith and anointing with oil. Chris
tian Jjclcntlsfc neer at any time had. anything
to do with these cases.
We have all due respect for the good lnten
tlqns cf these people, but we would have the
public krow that this practice is not In har
mony wth the teachings and practice of Chris
tian Scientists,
Thero Is nothing in the teachings of this sci
ence that would justify caxeleapness on the part
of patients who have contagious diseases. We
believe that we should earnestly guard against
tho spreading of disease.
ALFRED FARLOW.
A misconception of the teachings and
practice of Christian Science frequently
makes It the brunt of much undue criti
cism, In that it is accredited with every
failure to restore health occurring through
out the country, that is not made In the
name of materia medlca. While the ad
herents to Christian Science do not ask
or expect to escape the thorough test de
manded of every new system, it is but
just that they be allowed to stand before
the public upon their own merits or cp-
merits, and not be made the perpetual
scapegoat for the failures of others.
Christian Science does not countenance
the disregard of the laws of the land re
lating to contagion, nor does It take awav
the "milk of human kindness" necessary
to the comfort of the sick and suffering.
In the hope of correcting some of tlrs
prevailing misconceptions regarding Chris
tian Science, the church in Portland of
this denomination has arranged to have
Judge William G. Ewing, late of tho su
perior court, Chicago, lecture In the city
on the subject in the near future.
DAVID B. OGDEN.
Financial Bondage, Falsely So Called
Richmond Times, dem.
It is hard to see in what the present
currency bill "fastens us to the financial
systems of the Old World" (as Bryan has
declared), except In declaring that there
chall be one standard of value, fixed and
invariable, so that when a man takes a
note for ?100Q, payable 12 months after date,
he will know at the beginning exactly
what he will get at the end. And if
It does fasten us to the financial
systems of the Old World, how does it
hurt us thereby? Where on the face of
the earth is there so goad a financial sys
tem as that of England? What English
man was ever heard to complain of either
the quality or the quantity of English.
money? Every dollar In the kingdom is
as good as a gold dollar, and Interest Is
lower there than anywhere else In the
world, showing that there Is the greatest
abundance of money for all purposes.
Only they -who
use it know the
luxury of it
O 9
THE PALATIAL
OREGON! BU
Not n tlnrJ; ottlcc Id the uullriinxt
absolutely fireproof: electric liK'ti
anil artesian writer; perfect sanita
tion una thurunsli nMtliutlun Lie
atnrs ruu dnj and nigui
Steams.
AXD7R;rT. GUST V V. Attern-y-at-r-w . Sl2
ASSOCIA-ED PRESS -. E. L. Ponelfc Mr SJ
BANKERS' Ll'ct. ASSOCIATION, of Des
llolnei. la.. C. A. HcCargar. Slate Acent oi'S 3
BEI1XKE. H. YV.. Pr'n. r-ernta Shorthand
School 5tH
BENJAMIN. R. V,.. PcntJjt 3i
BIXSW .GKU DR O. S . fhjs. & Sur -lit 41J
BRUER.E. DR G. E . I-nslcian 412-tlJ U
BUSTEED. RICHARD. Plug Tabncco (303 COJ
CAUKIN. G. E.. District Aeat Traveler
Insurance Co ...f........."13
CARDWELL. DR. J. B. lad
CU.RK. HAROLD. Demist 314
CLEM. E. A. Jfc COi. Mining Propertied.. 315 3td
COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMl'V.Vf .
G04-C05 8C-.T-013-61I t'3
CORNELU'S. C. W. Phys. ami Surgeon.... .2uiJ
COVER. h C. Cashier EqultaWe Life ,. . JUi)
COLLIER, p. F.. PuhHsfcer: S. P. McGulre
Manager .., V.3-H3
DAY. J. G & I. N 313
DAVIS. XAPOI.EOX. President Columbiv
Telephone Co. ... GOT
DICKSON. DR. J. F. Phys'.eJan Tit "U
DRAKE. DR. H l Phslcan ... 5I2ST13H
DUNHAM. MRS GEO. A TIT
EDITORIAL ROOMS Elghc lloo.-
eq:titable life ssuranck soch- cr.
L. Samual. Mamsrer. F. C Cover. Casn er 3rl
EVENING TELEGRAM 223 Alder 'red:
FALLOWS. MRS. M. A.. Manager Wanien i
Dept. Mutual Resne Fund Life, of Nat
York COS
FENTON. J. D.. rnjslcbm and 3urReon..5C0 510
FENTON. DR HICKS C. Ey and Ear 3il
FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist... 303
-FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASS'N E. C.
Stark. Manager ...301
TRENCH SCHOOL bv conversation): Dr. A.
JluzzarelU. Manager 7U0
GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and Draughts
man ....., r... eoo
GEARY. DR. EDWARD P. Physician and
Surgeon 212213
GIESY. A. J,. Thyslclan and Siirgeea... TU'J "IJ
GODDARD. E. C & CO., Footnenr. ground
floor ;3 Sixin s r;a:
GOLDMAN WILLIAM. Manager Manhatvan
Life Insurance Co.. nf New York . ...200 2n
k v r -'R"JK S.. Attorny-at-Law ..Git
GRENIER MISS BEATRICE. Dentist...... 703
HAMMOND. A. R 310
IEEIDINGER. GEO. A. & CO. Pianos and
Organ t31 S'tt St.
HOLLI3TER. DR. O. C. Phvs. & Surg ..5pi 303
IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law.. 416-1T 13
KADY. MARK T.. Manager Piclflc North
west Mutual Reserve Fund Z.ite Asso. 601-003
LAMONT, JOHN. Vtce-PrWnr and Gen
eral Manager Columbia Telephone Ca... .i003
LITTLEFIELD. H. R.. Phys. and Surgeon 2 J. I
MACRUM. W. S.. See. Oregon Camera. Club 2 4
MACICAY. DR. A. Ti. Phyn- and'Surff....7tl7U
MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Pfeysi ft 3utk 701-2-3
McCARGAR. C. A.. State Agent Bankers'
Life Association -...,.-. ..i............302-5PJ
McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law 1.713
McFADEN. MISS IDA. E. S;enographer 201
McGINN. HENRY E . Attorney-at-Law. .311 3U
JIcKELL. T J., Manufacturers' Rtpresen.a-
tive , 203
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist an I
Oral Surgeon 6tiS C00
MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. DentHc. .112-513 311
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO. of
New York. W. Goldman. Manager .. 200 210
McELROY. DR. J . G Thys. A Surg 701 -7o2 70 J
McFARLAND. E. B.. Secretary Columb.a
Telephone Co...... '.. .... 609
McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier.
Publisher 415-t:o
McKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-al-Law. .500
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New
York; Wm. S. Pond. Stale Mgr.....4ft4-m3-409
MUTUAL RESFRVE FWND LIFE ASS'N.
M. T. Kady. Mgr. Pacfflc Northwest... 60-1 003
NICHOLAS. HORACE R . Atlcrney-at-Law .713
NILES. M. L.. Cashier Manhattan Life In
surance Co.. of New York.. .209
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATH T.
Dr. L, B. Smith. Oteopnth 40S-ie3
OREGON CAMER V CLUB . 2H-2t.2tO-217
PERNIN SHORTHAND SCHOOL. H W
Behnke. Prln 211
POND. WM. S . State Manager Mutual Life
Ins. Co. of New York 401-403-408
PORTLAND EYE AND ER INFIRMARY.
Ground floor. 133 Sixth stre
PORTLVND PRE5S CLUB Tiff
PROTZMAN EUGENE C. Superintendent
Agencies Mutual Reserve Fund Life, of
New York fin
PUTNVM'S SOVS. G. P. Pushers 313
QUIMBY. L. P W.. Gane and1 Forestry
Warden - ...71(1-717
REED & MALCOLM. Opticians .12.T Sixth street
RFED. I C. FUh Cnmmhtloner. .. ........ 40"
RYAN. J- B- Atlarney-alMaw 41T
: SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life. ......300
ANDFORD. A C & CO . Publisher Agts 513
SCRIBNER'S SON 5. CHAS.. Publishers;
Jege Hflbon. Manager ............313-3K-31?
SHERWOOD. T W Deputy Supreme Com
mander. K. O. T. 31 an
SMITH. ,DR L B . ""teopnth... 408-409
CON? OF THE AMERICAN ROLTrTCON 300
STARK E, C . Executive Special. FUlelPy
Mutual Life Aoclat!on af Phlta.. Pa 301
STARR & COLE ryrographv 403
STEEL. G. A Forest Inspector 219
STUART DELI Attorney-at-Law ..C13-R10 B"7
STOLTE. DR CHAP. U.. Dentist 704-703
SURGEON OF THE 3. P. RY. AND N. P
TER.MINAL CO 708
STROWBRIDGE. THOS H.. Executive Spe
cial Agent Mutual Life, of New York. ... 408
ct-PERINTENDFNT" OFFICE . m
TUCKER. DR GEO F. Dentist IJI0(lIf
U S. WEATHER BUREAU . OOR-OOT-IO'? 009
U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH
D1ST. Captain W. C LanglRt. Corps ot
Engineer. U S. A.... ,30s
U R ENGECEER OFFICE. RIVER AND
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W.
C. Langfltt. Corps of Engineer. U. S. A ...31
WALKER. WILL H.. President Oregon
Camera Club 214-213.210-217
WATERMAN. C. H.. Cashier Mutual L'fe
of Nw Tork 400
WATKIX3. Miss E. L.. Purchasing Affency 710
WEATHERRED. MRS. EUYTH. Grand Sec
retary Native Daughters ... ...... .710-71?
WHITE. MISS L. E.. Ass't Sec. Oregon Cam
era Club ., 2M
WILSON. D"- EDWARD X. Phv. &. Sur 30 1 3
WILSOV. DR. GEO F.. Phys. & Surg. ..7ue 707
WILSON. DR. HOLT C . Phvs. & Surg 307 503
WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician 412-413-411
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO.... C13
A few more clcsant office nan-r 1j
Iind by npplyinar to Portland Trust
Contpany of Orcson, 100 Tlilrfl at.. o
to the rent cleric In the ItuU.IIns;.
Ask Yoar Druggist
for a
generous
Trial Size....
Ely's Cream Balm
for
CATARRH
Cream. Balm is placed Into the nostrils, sprea-la
oer the membrane and is absorbed. Renef t
Immediate, and a cure follows? it is :.it dry
ingdoes not predate .tneilnff Largj sise iy,
at druggists'" or by mall. Trial size. 10c. by
mall
ELY BROTHERS, 55 Warren Street, ?Iew T-srH-
IMG
il link
IfiNsaS
gDff