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THE M0E2OT& OREGOKIAN, 2HUESDAY, JAOTAKY 18, 1900.
"" yaK"!? w ,n -z v -',"
te )j0siiast
Xnterofl at the Postpffice at Portland, Oregon, as
secona-class matter.
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TODATS 'SVEATHSH-Rain;
southeast -minds.
light to fresh
PORTSIjAAD, THPRSDA1', JAMJAItV IS
THE POWTIC.I, TROU2LE IS KB.V
TUCKY. In Kentucky there is a peculiarly dif
ficult pHtica! situation. It may result
in civil war. The plurality for the re
publican state candidates was clear,
hut it is attacked on various grounds.
The democrats have the legislature, and
they have made a lav.' that gives the
legislature the right to "go behind the
returns." The republicans were given
the certificates of election, and were in
stated in office a month ago. There is
no doubt -whatever that it is the pur
pose of the democrats ,Jto oust them.
"W1H the republican officia's resist?
Taylor Is de facto governor. The ex
ecutive power of the state and control
of the militia is lawfully in his hands.
He was inaugurated in the usual man
ner. The grounds of contest against
him are partisan. All the machinery of
the election and of the count, under the
Goehel law, were In the hands of his,
opponents. The state canvassing board,
also, was wholly an their hands. But
the law confers upon the legislature the
right todeotde any contest for the
office of governor, and Goebel is push
ing a contest, trusting to the partisan
majority to declare for him and against
his opponent.
Now the question is whether Gover
nor Taylor should submit to a gross act I
of injustice, for the sake of peace, or
resist the effort to oust him; whether
It is better for the commonwealth that
the right of election be outraged, and
abandoned temporarily, or that violence
ensue, and perhaps civil war.
It is argued by the supporters of Goe
hel that it is the duty of their oppo
nents to submit, because the statute
makes the legislature the sole judge;
and therefore, whether it decides justly
or unjustly there can be no appeal, and
resistance will he tteason. But the re
publicans say this law was framed for
an iniquitous purpose hy those who
now try to take advantage of it; and
the question simply is whether major
ities are to rule or not, and whether re
publican government is to be aban
doned, or not.
The situation is very serious, and the
course of events will be controlled very
much hy the courage of the oppos
ing forces. The Louisville Courier
Journal, which supports the Goebel
party, says it believes the republican
incumbents will refuse to surrender
their places and will employ the mili
tary forces at their command to resist
the mandate of the legislature, with in
tent of Causing the intervention of the
United States. The constitution de
clares that the United States shall
guarantee to each state a republican
form of government, and the supreme
court has held that it devolves on con
gress to declare what government is the
constituted one in a state. This Ken
tucky difficulty may therefore become a
national question. Tet, as we view it.
Governor Taylor would better retire,
when the iegislature shall declare
against him; for there still is a remedy
in future appeals to Jhe people, since
the result of elections' cannot always be
set aside. .There, isplritpf fairness
anu usGceln Kgntucky-hich will find
a way to make itself heard and felt,
and if this affair be rightly handled it
may be made the means of virtual de- .
Btruction of the Goebel party in the
State.
BUH.EJR.' DIFFICULT TASK.
General Buller Is believed to have
commenced a movement against the
Boers a week ago, from his camp at
Cheveley, twelve miles .south of LiadF
Stnith, with the Tugela river in his
front. The Boer position extends along
a ridge parallel with the north bank of
the river, from SpiingfleW, ahove the
forks of the Xattle Tugela, on the west
(left), to the wagon bridge on the
"VTeenen road, on the east (right), a dis
tance of sixteen miles. The Boers have
had more than -two months to Intrench
this position, and have connected it by
rail directly with the Transvaal, their
base of supplies. The Boers are all
horsemen. Their horses wait behind
the hilis back of the Tugela, ready to
carry the commandos quickly to the
threatened point. They move under
cover, while the British are obliged to
come out in the open. The Boer artil
lery is about equal to that of the Brit
ish, both in power and accuracy. A
very intelligent ex-general of the Union
army says:
The Boers are well equipped "with Maxim ma
chine guns and Hsxim-Nonlenfeldt Quick fires.
The Maxim atitemctlc giin (rifle caliber) is
good for 600 shots per minute while the 14
Jrch Maxim (37 millimeter) is good for 250
acts per minute. The Boer eharpshooiera
the- are alt sharpshooters are armed with the
hreecfa-loadhTs magazine Mauser or Martini,
equal In all rejects to the British army.
In the civil "war, with the muzzle - loading
Springfield, vre regarded S0O to 400 yards as the
maximum charging distance against an. en
trenched Una But Tfltti the Mauser and the
aiasim the aoae of fire Is extended to 000 or
1000 yards. Within that fiery zone valor does
not count.
It is clear from these facts that un
less General Buller has obtained longer
range artillery than the Boers, has am
ple pontoon trains and sufficient wagdn
transportation to enable him to cut f
loose from the railroad and execute a J
wide turning movement, he will hardly
be able to force the Boers to leave the
intrenched position on the Tugela river
and penxnfthe relief of. Xiadysmith.
jn. view of the extreme difficulty and'
hazard of the movement, delay in re
import -of "decisive action Is not at all sur
prising.
COXDITIOSS
OP STECI,
TDRE.
HAKTJFAC-
Reviewing Pacific coast development
in a recent number, of the New Tork
Independent, President James J. Hill
of -the-Great -Njarthlern RaHway-Cqm-
pany, says our new possessions 1n the
Pacific have not produced any great
results in the improvement of the "West.
Trade cannot expand under present
conditions "because we lack the neces
sary steamer tonnage to move even the
business now offering." Builders on
the- Atlantic ccast. President Hill says,
can construct steel ships much cheaper
than those on the Pacific coast, and
the question of cost will always decide
the location of an industry. President
Hill adds:
There Is ah abandonee of Iron ore of good
quality on the Pacific coast, but until the mines
are developed and facilities provided tot the
mamifactJire there of Iron and steel, the es
tablishment of empyarda and the construction
of ocean-going vessels In competition with the
shipbuilders on the Atlantic coast will not "be
practicable. At present, producers of Iron find
good enough markets all over the world for tha
output of their mines, and not only are the
markets good, but the prices also. When they
can produce Iron at 57 and $S per ten, and sell
It for ?20 to Industries close at hand, already
established and; In a flourishing condition. It Is
apparent that the present time is not oppor
tune for the establishment of shipbuilding
yards dependent upon Iron brought from a, long
distance for their raw material.
The regrettable element in this discus
sion is that President Hill's statements
are literally true. Pacific coast ship
builders cannot compete with the East
in the construction of steel veEsels, be
cause, as President Hill aptly puts it,
"they are dependent upon iron brought
from a long distance for their raw ma
terial." "We have no Iron and steel
plants, and capitalists will not estab
lish them in view of the certain and
deathly competition which the East will
offer. The risk Is too great. The trusts
are a menace to Iron and steel manu
facture on the Pacific coast.
Let us see what an Investor would
have to contend with in case he de
cided to establish a great steel and iron
plant at Portland. Seattle or San Fran-
"" Cisco. First of all. he would find him
self face to face with the Carnegie in
terests, with a capitalization of $250,
000,000; the Federal Steel Company,
with $200,000,000; the National Steel
Company, with $150,000,000; the Repub
lic Iron & Steel Company, with $100,
000,000, and the American Steel & "Wire
Company, with $30,000,000. These great
trusts are working on lines of a com
mon understanding. So far as known,
the only competition between them is
for tonnage on the Great Xakes to con
vey ore to their plants.
Suppose the investor decided to build
a nail manufacturing plant. Nail ma
chines are easy to st. But to make
wire nails wire is necessary, and it
would have to be bought from one of
the big trusts. If the manufacturer
decided to put in a drawing plant, he
would have to buy the, rods from the
trusts; if a rod plant, he would have
to go to the trusts for his billets; if a
-billet plant, he would have to buy ore
of the trusts, pay freight on it to the
Pacific coast, and be out of pocket for
smelting and coking. To be independ
ent of the trusts, the coast manufac
turer of nails would have to have nail
machines, drawing plant, rod plant, bil
let plant, Coking plant, smelter jind an
ore supply of his own. Necessary
plants would cost about $5,000,000, and
require from twenty-four to thirty-six
months for construction. At the end of
twenty-four or thirty-six months what
would the investor have? .Plants cost
ing 50 per cent more than 'the material
for them was worth two years ago, and
probably double the cost of any similar
plant now operated by any of the big
trusts. If business were active and
Eastern competition not too severe, the
coast manufacturer would be safe.
But let prices decline or competition
force him to the wall, his $5,000,000 plant
would be as dead as -the ore which he
had planned to convert into wire nails.
It is the uncertainty of investment in
Iron and steel manufacturing on a
large scale which scares capital from
undertaking such enterprises on the
Pacific coast.
As with a nail works, so with plate
and rolling mills for the manufacture
of Iron and steel for vessels. Every
dollar's worth of material UEed m the
building of such a plant would have to
be bought from the trusts, the natural
enemies of the coast manufacturer,
And after the plant was built there
would be Rockefeller and Carnegie to
fight. Between Carnegie and the as
sociate trusts In control of Iron and
steel manufacture an one hand, and the
big shipyards of the East already es
tablished, on the other, the Pacific
coast shipbuilder has no earthly show
for building the big liners which before
long will be carrying the trade of the
Pacific. Eut this fact should not check
development of Pacific coast iron
mines. Good ore is found in California,
on Puget sound, and at Oswego, six
miles from Portland. By beginning on
a small Bcale and manufacturing such
articles of iron and steel as will meet
with ready local sale in defiance of
Eastern competition, we can build up
the industry. Iron and steel shipbuild
ing in competition with the East and
in the face of the great trusts is out
of the question at this time. In con
trasting conditions on the Pacific coast
with those In the East, we should re
member that plants such as Carnegie's,
which require a capitalization of $250,-.
000,000, did not spring into existence
in a day. They are the product of a
century of slow but steady growth, the
same growth that offers itself to the
Pacific coast.
OUR POLITICAXj pxcxavick.
Senator Hoar, of Massachusetts, is
the most zealous of Mr. Quay's friends
in the senate, and in reply to the many
protests against his position and re
quests not to support a man of Quay's
personal reputation, he says that Mr.
Quay's personal reputation is not be
fore the senate. Nevertheless, in face
of Quay's record, there does not seem
any good reason why Senator Hoar
should zealously support a man when
in order to seat him it Is necessary to
violate the precedents of the senate for
over a century and to trample under
fool the constitution of Pennsylvania
Mr. Hoar bluntly says that "the con
stitution of Pennsylvania does not con
cern the senate'of the United States in
the least. This is not a very convinc
ing reply, when we remember that the
United States senate years ago decided
that a United States senator is a state
and not a federal officer. The constitu
tion of the United States specifically
delegates to the states the power of
prescribingjthe times, places and man
ner' of holding elections of United
States senators. Such state regulation
is, for the purpose In hand, federal law,
which congress cannot rightfully Ig
nore, since It is only the enactment by
the state of the power specifically dele
gated in the constitution.
In pursuance of this power given by
the federal constitution, Pennsylvania
has prescribed the times, places and
manner of choosing1 a United States
senator' when; a vacancy exists within
the, recess of the senate. It "must be
done In-extra -session of thelegislature
called within sixty days of the happen
ing of the vacancy. That time has
elapsed; the direction of the constitu
tion has been ignored by Governor
Stone, who made an appointment in
defiance and contempt of it. Senator
Hoar is supporting a clear case of
usurpation of power by the governor
of Pennsyivan!a
Senator Hoar is, like the vast major
ity of political philanthropists, not a
sound lawyer, and a loquacious senti
mentalist rather than a statesman. He
has always been more or less of a Pick
wick in national politics. He has all
the Irascibility and almost the imprac
ticability of that very absurd, very
amusing and comparatively amiable old
nincompoop.
THE GREENBACK "LEGACY.
The most important lesson taught by
our civil war is the financial lesson.
The civil war gave us the legal tenders,
and these legal tenders not only
brought us near bankruptcy the last
year of the war, but have been the
source of all the fiat-money folly that
has vexed the nation up to the present
date. The United States government
was nearly bankrupt before the close
of the civil war. "With a million men
on the muster and payrolls, including
several great armies of veteran troops
in the field, while the Confederate army
was reduced to a very small fraction
of that number, the Union cause was
on the verge of failure because the
government could no longer raise
money to pay its troops, purchase sup
plies or make any further use of its
magnificent armies. This astounding
fact, says Lieutenant-General Schofleld,
was confided to the generals of the
army in the winter of 1SS4-C5 by Sec
retary of War Stanton, who then said
the rebellion must be suppressed in the
coming spring campaign or the effort
abandoned, because the resources of
the treasury were exhausted. Writing
under date of February 3, 1865, to a
personal friend, General Schofield says:
If tho -war continues long- the treasury will
become bankrupt. There Is no money to pay
the army, and no one can tell where It la to
come from. I have succeeded In getting enough
to pay my troops, but no other troops hae been
paid for Ave months, and there Is no money to
pay them.
Now, how did we get to this deplora
ble condition? We had reached the
verge of bankruptcy, because our great
country of unlimited resources had re
sorted to the expedient of legal tenders,
which were a forced loan, probably un
necessary, a forced loan without inter-
l est, that was robbery to the extent of
unpaid interest, for which the only jus
tification was .the pleaof military ne
cessity. It wasVa case3 of consent on
the people's part to surrender its money
on ruinous terms rather than lose Its
life. The issue of legal-tender notes
during the civil war was an extra-constitutional
financial expedient that
never should have been resorted to. The
people would have borne even a higher
rate of taxation than they submitted
to, with calmness, if no't cheerfulness,
and such money as we needed beyond
current revenues should have been bor
rowed at such rate of interest and such
security as could have been agreed
upon.
Napqleon'mdewar on.a gigantic
scale for twenty years arid left France
with only $70,000,000 of debt, but he, of
course, made the conquered country
pay the expenses of its conquest. We
could not do that as mercilessly as Na
poleon did, hecause our war was a civil
war and we 'could not afford to make
its scars so deep that they would never
heal, but Great Britain made war with
Napoleon for twenty years and was
able with her money to subsidize all the
bankrupt nations of Continental Eu
rope, so as to keep their armies on
their feet until Napoleon fell. Great
Britain first employed the income tax
to raise money for the Napoleonic wars
in 1708, and continued it until 1815, when
the peace which followed Waterloo en
abled the government to dispense with
it. Pitt's Income tax was 10 per cent,
and in 1806, the year of his death,
yielded 11,GOO,000, and in 1814 over
14,000,000, or $70,000,000. With the in
come tax at a shilling a pound, which
is but two-thirds of the rate imposed
for the expenses of the Crimean war In
1S54, England today could easily raise
$120,000,000. England went through her
gigantic ontest with Napoleon of
twenty years without resorting to the
radically false and dishonest policy
which cost the United States hundreds
of millions of dollars and came Very
near bringing disaster on the Union
cause. Our policy left room for doubt
and cavil about the conditions of our
loan, and about the standard of money
in which principal and interest were to
be paid, which necessarily aroused a
suspicion of bad faith and seriously in
jured our national credit.
Our country went into the civil war
practically free from debt, and came
out of it with a. debt which, while
nearly twice as large as if ought to
have been, was yet so small in com-4
parison with the country's resources
that it could be paid off in a few years.
It went into the war practically with
out an army, and came. out of the war
with more than a million of men,
nearly all veterans, and could have
raised a million more if necessary
without seriously Interfering with the
industries of the country. Tet in four
years a false financial policy destroyed
the national credit, brought its treas
ury to bankruptcy, and "reduced a
L great people to a condition in which
they could no longer make use of their
enormous military strength." The
greenback was born in the civil 'war.
It was the greatest of the evils of that
I war, hecause of its tenacity of life. As
an object-lesson to the Ignorant or ill
informed mind, the legal tenders were
the "vinegar plant" of our barrel of
financial troubles. Out of the object
lesson of the legal tenders came all our
subsequent fol'y of flat paper and its
repulsive bastard child, fiat silver. The
men who planned the greenbacks
thought they were doing the best that
could be done. Their patriotism is not
to be impeached, but students of
finance understand today the mistake
made then, and its fearful legacy.
Senator McX.aurin's studied address
in favor of restoring state bank cur
rency to its ancient place is an in
structive sign of the times. A. bank
note currency, obviously, is lncompati-"
ble with 16 to 1 idolatry -or greenback
fiatism: The principle on which state
bank notes are advocated is sound, just,
as sound as the arguments behind na
tional bank notes. It Is" only on grounds
of expediency that currency reformers
divide when they come to state banks.
Numbers of true blue ' gold-standard
men are for state hank notes, conspic
uously Mr. Carlisle, and Secretary Gage
himself seems to lean perceptibly in
that direction. We may have state
bank notes some day, based on govern
ment securities and subject to approved
supervision- Their 'mission would bef
instructive and helpful, if no mistakes
were made in their administration. At
any rate, every voice from silver sena
tors in favor of state bank notes is a
step'in progress.
The description of Lord Kitchener In
the liondon Mail as a man who never
fights until he feels reasonably sure he
will win, and for this reason was Im
plicitly iruBted by his army in the Sou
dan, recalls the fact that General
Sheridan once answered the question
asked many years after the war as to
what he ascribed his uninterrupted suc
cess substantially as follows: "I never
allowed myself to fight a battle, if I
could help it, where I did not feel sat
isfied that my men had at least an
equal chance with the enemy, and I
strove by every means hi my power to
secure the advantage In the situation
before I joined battle. I never rushed
my men up blindly against an in
trenched line without knowing in ad
vance, if possible, what I had to meet.
I maneuvered for the 'weather gauge'
of battle for forty days against Early
before I decided to strike, and then I
struck hard and with success. Why
did the. fugitives from Cedar Creek
that I met at Middletown promptly
face about at my order and advance
against the victorious enemy? They
had retreated because they had been
surprised and caught In a formation
from which their high soldierly intelli
gence taught them it -was hopeless to
expect to deliver a successful fight;
that it would 'not pay. to stay,' but
they had learned to feel confidence in
me that I would not have ordered them
back unless I had a fair chance to win
a victory." ,
Though in the opinion of The Orego
nian the land to be purchased by the
water committee west of the reservoirs
is not worth in itself nearly so much
as the sum agreed upon, yet in the
circumstances it is a proper thing to
make the purchase, since several things
are thereby to be accomplished. First,
the litigation, which, even with favor
able results to the city, would be costly,
is stopped. Second, a large sum has
been invested in the reservoirs, and to
protect thep it is necessary to control
the land behind them. Third, the land
will be a fine addition 'to the park
though the purpose for which the water
committee buys it is protection of the
reservoirs. These are the conditions
which, in the judgment of The Orego
nian, justify the purchase of the land,
for the city, at a higher price than its
actual value. It is believed that the
slide of the land can be stopped by an
expenditure for tunnels and drainage
not exceeding $10,000. This Is the opin
ion of engineers who have made spe
cial examination. Of course, it was
necessary to buy the land in order to
get the right to do with it what may be
considered necessary for protection of
the reservoirs in front of it.
Pettlgrew and Hoar seem to have
performed an important service. No
senator will follow their lead. Every
senator, however black his heart or
empty his head, must assume the vir
tues of conscientiousness and original
discernment. It is as necessary for
Vest, for example, to point out mis
takes in Pettigrew and Hoar as it Is
for Wolcott and Wellington to censure
Beverldge and then enunciate the same
doctrines. "Vest is the pioneer In anti
imperialist criticism of Pettigrew and
Hoar, but there will no doubt be others.
The position that anti-imperialism is
theoretically right but that now it is
too late to apply it must possess strong
fascination for men who like to reduce
their intellectual idiocy to the mini
mum compatible with party regularity.
Chandler gets np in the senate of
the United States and declares there
is no federal statute to punish crimes
against the ballot. Upon being correct
ed by Spooner, he reiterates his asser
tion. When shown the statute, he is
content to say, "I stand corrected." It
Is just such Intellectual obliquity as
this that reveals the incapable thinker
and explains silverlsm of the Chandler
school. The difficulty Is a mental Im
perfection which makes a man indiffer
ent to historical or scientific truth.
Just this is what makes Wolcott's
views on expansion absolutely valueless
and Chandler's opinion on suffrage leg
islation a negligible quantity. Tet
Chandler is cliairman of the committee
on privileges and elections!
The vote in favor of Pettigrew's reso
lution was 20 to 41. This is the second
vote on anti-Imperialism taken in the
senate, and it stood practically the
same as this. It is evident the senate
is two to one on the side of sanity
and patriotism.
The senate will not talk forever on
the money and currency bill. It will
vote on the 15th of February.
General Manty's Career.
Chicago Tribune.
The death of General Dabney Herndon
Maury removes the last save two of the
members of the most famous class that
was ever graduated from the United
States military academy. It is a matter
of interest to Chicago people to know
that the two surviving members of the
class of '46 are both either personally or
through their families intimately connect
ed with this city. One of these living ex
cadets, Maury's classmates, is Colonel P.
T. Turnley, now Jiving at Highland Park,
and who for years was a resident of this
city. The other survivor Is Joseph N. G.
Whistler. Mr. Whistier is a son of the
Captain Whistler who drew the plans of
the first Fort Dearbora, and he Is a con
nection of the Kinzle family of Chicago.
Some of the names of the graduates of
Maury's class which have given it its
2iaim to fame are: George B. McClellan,
Jesse L. Reno, Thomas J. (Stonewall)
Jackson.v George Storteman, Samuel D.
Sturgis, George E. Pickett, Charles E.
Blunt and Samuel B. Maxey. Pickett, of
Gettysburg charge fame, was the last
man on the list In Class -standing at grad
uation, and, as one of his classmates once
put It, "if a certain professor had been
,less lenient at the final examination who
would have led the charge at Gettys
burg?" General Maury was one of the most suc
cessful, if not one of the most famous,
officers In the service of the Confederate
States. He won his spurs in Mexico, and
later in Indian warfare on the frontier.
At one time he temporarily checked
Grant's advance in Northern Mississippi
and with General Stephen D. Lee repulsed
Sherman at Chickasaw Bluff. At the
storming of Corinth he lost 2000 men and
displayed the utmost personal gallantry.
His successes caused the Confederate gov
ernment to give him the rank of major
general, and to put him In command of
the army of the Gulf. After the civil war
he held office under the federal govern
ment, and has written much ot Interest.
His death leaves still livinjr but a few of
the general officers of the Confederacy,
c O
SOCIETY'S GREAT BANGER.
Eaualislnpr Schemes Tending to De
stroy Individual Ambition.
New Tork Times.
In his brief address to the Central Fed
erated Union, President Low, of Columbia,
referred to the disappearance of the in
dividual capitalist in the trust and of the
f individual laborer In the union. He
thought that the individual had incredsed
in importanbe politically, but economically
he Is not holding hfs own.
He certainly will not hold hts own If
the teachers and preachers of the shallow
socialism of the day cmi prevent It. The
attempt to destroy Individuality, to put a
stop to individual effort and initiative, and
establish what the dreamers of dreama call
associative equality is a part of one of
the notable social tendencies of the end of
the century. President Low appears to
think that the movement is already well
advanced. It is In the labor unions. The
itrusts are as yet too new to permit us to
speak with confidence 'of their ultimate
Influence. They have not been long enough
tunder observation. If it shall prove that
the trusts tend to smother the separate
capacities of the individual, to that extent
thpy will be an economic evil and do us
harm.
Socialism, at bottom, is the antithesis
of individualism. Manliness withers and
self-reliance perishes under its blighting
touch. An association in which the prin
ciple that the injury of one is the concern
of all Is rigidly applied must tend to make
tho individual less competent to look out
for himself. He knows that the organisa
tion will look out for him and trusts to it
more or less completely to protect him and
his interests.
The socialistic theory has come to be ac
cepted as the guiding principle by many
labor unions. It is not difficult to prove
that labor unions are beneficial. They help
a great many men to better places and
higher wages than they would bo able to
secure for themselves In open competition.
But that la not the point. The unions may
accomplish the greatest good of the great
est number, and yet do harm to the am
bitious and capable few by compelling
them to keep step with the slothful and in
competent. Many men are helped up, but
some are pulled down. The average level
13 attained at the cost of the Individuals
who are held back.
Municipal ownership and operation of
"public utilities" is one of the modern
recipes for suppressing individualism. It
la the ono that is most persistently
pressed upon the attention of tho public,
and it captivates a great many minds that
do not take the trouble to picture forth
Its consequences to the community and to
the individual. All the nostrums of so
cialism proceed from the eternal struggle
of man to Improve upon natural conditions.
It Is a laudable and necessary effort. In
all arrangements for the relief of the
Incapable and the unfortunate, some meas
ure of self-sacrifice on the part of the able
and prosperous is Implied, is necessary.
But remedies that hamper the Individual
and harrow his range etahd In tho way
of society's advancement and hindei
progress.
FKVANCTAI REFORM.
Specific Statutes Mast Be Preceded
by Public Knowledge.
New Tork Commercial Advertiser.
It aeems Impossible, in this country, to
get affirmative financial reform Into the
statute books till It has become an accom
plished fact by the operation of natural
laws more potent than political legislation.
Probably the reason 13 that legislation will
move no farther than It la pushed by pub
lic opinion and the general public, lacking
theoretical knowledge of finance, will move
no farther than it sees its way in practical
experience. On some subjects national
public opinion, will accept the experience
of tho world as conclusive, but not on this.
In other countries generations of painful
experience with violation of the laws of
money havn inculcated respect for them
in the public mind, but not here, though
we have had our lessons, too. The most
strenuous agitation can reach no farther,
apparently, than the occasional defsat or
repeal of evil financial legislation. Sound
principles cannot be put Into law betimes
a.s a curative force. They can be enacted
only when the cure has been wrought by
natural laws, when they are only the
recognition of accomplished facts.
We have destroyed unsound hanking sys
tems in this country, under sore pressure
of disaster, but we have set up no sound,
comprehensive and permanent sys:em since
popular clamor destroyed that Hamilton
copied from Europe. We have been held
back, after several desperate plunges, from
the very brink of Irredeemable govern
ment paper, but wenever have been will
ing to legislate against the principle of
government issues. We have fought our
way back from the peril of fall to tha
silver standard, but we never have been
willing to establish the gold standard af
firmatively by legislation till now, when
the operation of natural law seems to
have established It for vs so firmly that
legislation is almost superfluous. And
now, as usual, we aeem content to stop
with formal registration of the accom-
pnsnea ract, tnougn several other re
forms, no less urgent than this seemed
a few years ago, wait upon curative leg
islation. Ott ' '
Hoar Hears Prom New England.
Philadelphia Press.
No wonder Senator Hoar Is annoyed by
the protests of his constituents. Such po
litical morality does not as a rule find fa
vor In New England. It is scarcely de
fended anywhere In the country outside of
Pennsylvania. Public sentiment as repre
sented by the newspapers of the whole
country is strongly against Mr. Quay's
pretensions. The precedents of the senate
are against them. The constitution, the
legislature and, we believe, a majority of
the people of Pennsylvania are against
them. We are glad that a majority of
tho senate committee on privileges and
elections are also against them, and we are
reasonably confident that the majority of
the United States senate will support its
committee and adhere to Its precedents of
100 years.
An Ansel.
Philadelphia Press.
Rakely What! I paid this bill yesterday.
Ma'nchance Tes. but don't you remem
ber what you said then?
Rakely What did I say.
Mainchance Tou said. "I'm going
around paying off all my bills today, and
tomorrow I'm going to begin all over
again."
BliKpIaced Lines.
Philadelphia Catholic StatuJard. and -Time.
Nell Mad at him? Why, he wrote a
lovely popm to her.
Belle Tes, but she never read It. When
she saw the title of it she tore the whole
thing up in a fit of anger. Tou see, he
called It, "Lines on. Mabel's Face."
THE OREGONIAN'S ANNUAL.
Solid Facta lor Easterners.
Philadelphia Record.
The publishers- of The Morning Orego
nian, of Portland, Issued on January 1 an
"Annual Number for 1300," which con
tains GO pages. Including an elaborately
j illustrated supplement of 2A pages de
voted to a pictorial exposition of the In
dustrial development of Oregon and the
Northwest. The whole paper Is replete
with the most valuable information In re-
gard to Portland and Oregon, and Its
wealth of data concerning the progress of
that city and state will be surprising to
those of our readers who are wont to look
upon the Northwest as in its. Infancy in
stead of in the enjoyment of the vigorous
adolescence of a developing Gargantua of
Industry. Referring to the industrial show
ing of the state. The Oregonlan says:
Productions of farm, orcnard. dairy and
range amounted last -year to $45,350,737. This
lnchidee 3&,5CO,C0O -which sales of stock brought
Into the state. The yield o minerals was
$3,7ra,103, or which $3,28&.C0O was gold, $103,
010 silver and $2S1,163 coal. Manufactures
were, according1 to the beat estimates, $36,140.
136.. The lumber cut, wlrioh Is included in
manufacturer, Teas the larstet In. the history ot
the state. It amounted to 069, 550.000 feet, val
ued at $G,22S,250. The TTOict of fisherlss waa
52.443,155. Portland's foreign commerce for
the 32 months ended Koveniber 30, 18SO, was
f9,12O,S03. TM0 nmke3 a total of $117,007,903
for- products and foreign commerce. Our people
are financially Independent of the East. It Is
conservatively estimated that the national, for
eign, state and private banfa of Oregon. "Wash
ington and Idaho are now carrying Indlvldna.1
deposits of nearly $50,000,000. IndlYldoal depos
its of the national banks of Oiejon were $11,
781.120 33 on September 1r :99. Those of the
national banks of "Portland were $7.S12,8T3 03
on December 2.
The wheat yield of tha state bad in
creased from 13,916,000" bushel3 in 1883 to
23,640.334 bushels in 18S9. In the move
ment of wheat Portland participated to
nearly as great aa extent as Its three
near-by rivals. Its wheat shipment to Eu
rope and Africa for the year ended De
cember 31, 1899, reached 8,946,335 bushels.
This is 43 per cent of the total shipment
to the same countries from Portland, San
Francisco, Seattle and Tacoma. In recap
itulation of the Industrial and financial
statistics of the Northwest, The Oregonian
makes these wonderful presentations:
Government land soH in Oregon.
5 ear ended June 30, 1890 (acres)
Population of Oregon
School population of Orego
Population of. Portland
Individual bank denoslts. Oreron.
540428.63
425.0OU
132.40J
86.600
Washington and Idaho $ 5O.C0O.0CO 00
Individual deposits la Oregon na
tional banks, Sept. T, 1830 11.781,130 33
Deposits in national bonks of
Portland. Dec 2, 1890 ... T.S43.873 03
Cost of public education In Ore
gon in. 3890 1,327.78150
Lumber cut of Oregon in 1S90
(G60.650.COO feet) 228.250 0O
Jobbing trade of Portland-. 1830.. 10O.00O.COO 00
Cost of new buildings erected in
Portland In 1809 ." G4S.930 00
Sales of real estate In Portland In
1890 3.605.555 21
Bank clearings In Portland In
1800 01.652,230 63
The gigantic strides of the Northwest In
agricultural and industrial development
are bound to be accelerated both by In
crease of immlgrat'on and by a universal
appreciation of the opportunities afford
ed for profitable Investment there.
Limitless Inducements for Capital.
Wilkesbarre (Pa.) Times.
Ono of the handsomest as well as the
most Interesting publicatlona that has
reached the Times offlce In a long while
Is the souvenir number of The Oregonian,
ot Portland, Or. It Is a mamomth publi
cation, in which Is set forth in an intel
ligent and attractive way tha almost lim
itless Inducements offered those who have
abundant capital to Invest. A leading feat
ure of tho number le the supplement, which
Is most, beautifully illustrated with hun
dreds of well executed half-tone cuts of
the large number ot in-shipping Interests,
etc., for which progressive Portland is
noted. Everything Is done on a large scale
In the great Northwest, and the enterpris
ing proprietors of The Oregonian have
simply kept that fact in view in publish
ing the'r latest annual.
Information for the Hooslers.
Angola (Ind.) Magnet.
The Magnet Is in receipt of a copy of the
New Year's edition of The Portland Ore
gonian, which Is a marvel in newspaper
production. It comprises 60 large pages,
and gives a comprehensive description of
tho principal Industries of Portland, of
Oregon, and of all tho Puget sound coun
try, -with several hundred elegant illustra
tions It Is indeed a most interesting and
Instructive budget of Information.
Handsome and Comprehensive.
""Wheeling Intelligencer.
The Morning Oregonian, of Portland,
has Issued one of the handsomest annuals
ever Issued from a newspaper offlce. It
contains over 500 illustrations, all printed
on the finest quality of enameled book
paper, the views embracing all the noted
seenlc attractions of Oregon, and covering
every important industry Of the Pacific
Nortlrwest.
From Kentnelcy.
Frankfort (Ky.) Call.
We have received the annual illustrated
number of The Portland Morning Orego
nian. The paper contains 60 pages, and
tho Illustrated supplement, Which contains
800 Illustrations of points of interest and
the business of that far-away "Western
city. It would do credit to any city in
the country, East or West.
The Morality of the Fee.
Boston Herald.
Ex-Speaker Carlisle Is now criticised In
some quarters on account of his argument
in favor of excluding Roberts of Utah.
And yet ex-Speaker Reed Is getting ready
to argue against the constitutionality of
the war tax on inheritances, which he
helped to enact; ex-Senator Edmunds ap
pears as counsel before congressional
committees for anybody who Is able to se
cure his services, and about all the other
ex-statesmen of the legal profession are
ready and willing to serve their clients as
fast as they come along. The only thing
they require In return is a good fat fee.
' "3 '
Great Mistakes of Republican Vasty.
Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser.
There would have been as general a
stampede to the republican party in the
South in 1896 as in the rest of the country,
had it not been for the danger of negro
domination. Unquestionably, the shrewd
est political investment open in the whole
country today to the republican party lb
the removal of the mechanical pressure
which holds the white people of tho South
together. Possibly the republican lead
ers may some day have the equity, the
craft and the nerve to undo the blunder
their predecessors committed.
B
"Wise Forethought.
Chicago News.
Hixon Tou are the only man I ever
heard of who started out to build a house
for $4000 and actually succeeded In finish
ing It within the limit. How did you
manage it?
Dixon Oh, that was an easy matter. I
had my architect draw up plans for a $2000
house. See?
o-u.
Her Cry of Despair.
Detroit Journal.
The sky -was dun and lowering.
"It threatens ralniy said the man.
"Nonsense!" said the woman.
For the woman's wet weather skirt was
exceedingly becoming to her.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
The servant girl question Kin Ot have
"me company In the parrlorr?
A mob can never take the law into its
own hands without breaking it.
That censor will loosen up fast enough
when there is a big British triumph.
Since Mr. Pague "has arrived in Chicago
It may be asked if Portland's prophet
13 Chicago's loss.
For the benefit of the fruit trees we
would (respectfully remind the weather
clerk that this Is not the first of April.
After Quay and Clark shall have been
disposed of the senate should see if it
can't find an outside job for Hoar and
Pettigrew.
v
The fact that Joe WTieeler Is going to
quit the army is evidence that Agulnal
do's finish has been adequately consum
mated. Teacher Johnny, what is the population
of Kentucky? .
Johnny Don't know. The returns from
the last feud ain't all in yet.
Now Boston i3 holding meetings to sup
port the Boers. If her assistance is not
any more valuable than it was to Agui
naldo Great Britain has no immediate
cause for alarm.
Gars an knives am. flyln irt de middle ob da
night.
Sleep. Kentucky babe;
Daddy am a-dyln an' ole mam's half dead, with
fright,
Sleep. Kentucky babe;
Hob am. chaeln" brudder. an dey say dey lynch
hlntsho'.
Cassia one ammder anf a-poundln at de do',
Tcu Is mighty lucky.
Babe of ole Kentucky.
Dat you'se gone ter sleep.
m
The strike ot tho newsboys has fur
nished several very striking examples of
the cowardice of mobs. A lot of big,
hulking ruffians have followed tho boys
about. Inciting them to riot, and yelling
and howling -with all their lungs, but In
almost every instance a man has ap
peared and tho touts have slunk away
In sullen silence. Cowards banded to
gether are the most cruel and dangerous
of men as long as they have Inferior
numbers to cope with. Once confronted
with an exhibition of n,erve, they are un
masked; they become cowards again, and
the most despicable sort of. cowards. The
arrest of a few of these fellows would
be a very useful object lesson just now,
and In the interest of good order It is to
be hoped that a few of them may bo
jailed today.
Julius Heyman. of New Tork, learned
from the newspaper reports of the Moh
neux trial that cyanide of mercury would
produce death quickly, and was subse
quently found dying in a bathing estab
lishment with a bottle of the drug half
emptied by his side. He had purchased
the poison at a wholesale house. There
Is a good deal of this sort of thing. It
Is a common belief among newspaper re
porters that suicides come In threes, the
first acting as an inspiration for the sub
sequent two. Morbid-minded women are
especially likely to be Influenced by an
example to shuflle off this mortal coll.
But strangely enough, painless methods
have never found favor with suicides.
Carbolic acid is their usual drink, while
a revolver or a rope is preferred to
drowning or asphyxiation. Sooner or
later, in any event, those who are deter
mined to seek existence in another
sphere will accomplish their purpose, and
the sooner they are away the sooner those
who are Interested in them will ho re
stored to happiness.
4 B
Point Mot Well Taken.
Chicago Tribune.
"It seems to me," said the magazine
editor, condescending to point out some of
the flaws In the literary style of the con
tributor, "you use a faulty flgure of
speech when you speak of a 'bravo old
hearthstone.' How can a hearthstone be
brave?"
"Well, sir." said the contributor, "the
one I am writing about has been under
fire for nearly 40 years without flinching."
A Foe to Sunday Closing:.
Chicago Record.
"Mi's. Jones, -why don't yeu lay In your
Sunday provisions on Saturday?"
"Becauso If Mr. Jones comes home hun
gry late Sunday night he's liable to eat
everything in the house."
Soelal ArrenM.
Chicago Record.
"Tou haven't been to see me since I
came back."
"No; I'm not supposed to know you have
been away until you come and tell ma
good-bye."
i a
Old Letters.
Vh-Eirta. Fraaer Beyle in January Bookman.
Faded and eld Is the ribbon.
Blue ence, as azure-lit skies.
BreaXIns- In twain with untying".
A truce held to Time aa he Hies.
Brcathir.fr of rue and rosemary.
And laverador pressed In the leaves;
Tellorred and mellowed, love's dreamlcff.
Tied in the long garnered, sheaves.
"What Is the haxrwst they bring U3,
Flotsam of Hfe and the years?
Kissed by the dost in their sfeepingr.
Bathed In love's sunshine and tears.
A verse from, a Iaural-crowned poot.
A garland of faith to the fair.
A petal from rcoes that shattered,
A curl of a. baby's bright hair;
A tale of a, ball hi Its season,
A scrap of goTvn that waa worn.
A confldante'8 news ot a heartbreak.
A lover's page, tattered and tern;
A child's painful hand that was guided
To trace out its first words of love;
A message of birth and sorrow,
A bridal song, sealed: with a dove.
They flutter and drift from their moorings.
Like white thought that quiver and shica,
Dropped deep in the heart of forever.
The past that was thine and is mine.
Ay. ashes of roses, I acatter
Tour memories, ever the same,
Ay. aabea of roses, old letters.
I lay your white hearts m the flame.
m o
The Man "Who Sever Lost.
"The man who never knew defeat!"'
How proudly doea he stride!
How blindly thoughtless people, too.
Go flocking to his side I
"The sma who never knew defeat"
May set a nation free
He may be great, but there Is oca
More great by far than, he I
"The mai who nrvcr knew defeat!
Has never passed the test
That lies behlrd the truly great
And uro-ves them first and best!
"The man who never knew defeat"
It pitiful and small
Beside the one who loses and
Can triumph after all.
"The man who never knew defeat"
May be the one to choeso
As leader in the battle but
"What If he chanced to lose?
Above the man who never lest
The one to trust is ha
That bravely rlsea from defeat
And goes to victory!
S. E. Klaer In Chicago Timca-H-9Ta&