y
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JANUARY 15, 1900.
EDUCATION IN 0RG
PROFESSOR FBAXK STROXG AD
DRESSES CHARITIES MEETING.
Spoke to a Crowded House on tUc
Educational Opportunities Xow
Before the State.
Not a -vrhit below the standard of pub
lic Interest in the past was the large
charities meeting held in the Marquam
Grand theater yesterday afternoon. This
annual meeting is always regarded as
opportunity for hearing some prominent
worker in the educational or philanthropic
world. In the past the speaker has often
come from the East or Middle West. Yes
terday, as Thomas X. Strong, chairman of
the meeting, announced, those of the state
who deserved prominent places among
great educators -were not overlooked. Pro
fessor Frank Strong, Ph. D., 1L A., presi
dent of the university of Oregon, deliv
ered the address, and the hearty approval
of his audience, -when he -warmed up to
the interests of the state and Its future,
demonstrated how thoroughly his words
wrrr appreciated.
The theater was filled, to the foyer,
standing room being at a premium. Dom
Zan opened the programme with a vocal
s3'o. "Ring Out, Wild Bells." which
Chairman Strong announced would be the
nearest approach to ceremony in the way
of commencement. The Treble Clef Club,
under the direction of Mrs. "Walter Reed,
sang "A Song of Seasons," by Hawley,
ar.d "Snowdrops," by Piatt, and were en
cored. After the address, "The Angelus,"
by Herbert, was sung by Mrs. "Walter
Reed in a very effective manner, and to
a vociferous encore, she responded with
a Scotch ballad well adapted to her rich
contralto voice. .At the close, Mrs. Reed
and Mr. Zan, assisted by the club, sangj
"The Star-Spangled Banner." Chairman
Strong spoke briefly on the occasion of
the meeting, and the principal speaker
was introduced.
Professor Strong's Address.
Professor Strong's subject, "Some Prob
lems "Whose Solution the Nineteenth Cen
tury Must Demand of the Twentieth,"
turned en educational principles and
forces. He said:
"In the course of long wandering and of
residing In every great section of
our country, except the extreme South, 1
find myself more attached to Oregon,
more impressed with its possibilities,
more vitally interested in its future than
I have ever heen In any other state. In
fact, I find myself feeling as anxious for
its early development and as deeply con
cerned for its welfare as if my ancestors
were sleeping beneath its sod.
"I wish to express to you my pleasure,
Mr. President and ladies and gentlemen,
at being asked to address you this after
noon. I wish to congratulate the city of
Portland upon having one of the best con
ducted and supported charity organiza
tions in Ihe United States. I feel grateful
for the privilege of speaking to you, be
cause it brings me face to face with men
and women of the city upon which rests
the fate of the university which I repre
sent, and the fate of Oregon.
No one expects to see any settlement
of great questions of any kind in the 35th
century. All the world Is waiting and tak
ing breath for the tremendous progress of
the century to come. One of the most
important problems before Oregon In the
20" h century, and one upon which the fu
ture of the state, in a large measure, de
pends, is the development of its school
system. No one will deny that the state
must have schools of some sort, and that
there must be a system of schools. Few
w I deny that, for better or "worse, the
school system in the United States and
Oregon is irrevocably fixed as a free pub-L-
school system, with such auxiliaries
as church or Individual generosity may
provide. Free schools are the- gift 'Of
Christianity. They can be traced back to
the early period of the church, when the
monasteries had their free cloister schools,
whch were the seat of learning during
many generations the center of the
world's culture and the germ of the
world's greatest universities. But this
was not all. The town and village life
of New England is the reproduction of
English types of town and village life,
as they in turn were types of the ancient
German system. Here, then, is the real
origin of the American freexschool under
public control. It is essentially a product
of Germanic and especially of Anglo-Saxon
ideas. It is in our blood, and we can
no more help having free schools than we
can help having free government and free
dom of religion. The Puritan, Macaulay
teils us, believed that the state should
take upon itself the expense and control
cf education. "When Massachusetts bay
was out live years old, when the people
still lived an log huts, and before there
was a body of laws. John Cotton estab
lished the Boston Latin school, the first
high school in America, which became a
free school, under the public control, in
i6x. "When the colony was but six years
old, it established and supported Harvard
co.Icge by general taxation upon each
famny in the colony. The town of Dor
chester, in IMS, appointed the first school
committee elected by any municipality
In the United States, and here is the be
glrning of municipal control of public
nchools."
i c lowing this train -of thought, the J
speaker mentioned other historical facts
cf early education in America, concluding
it v, ith the statement that since that time,
nearly 40 states and territories have been
added to the list which have universities
founded or supported hy the state, and
the total fixed property of these universi
ties is now $95,006,030.
Free Hlgrher Education Came First.
"I -wish you to notice," he resumed,"that
the first free schools in America, with one
exception, were a public high school and
a public college, and that uubiic hi2her
education took a stronger hold, andJs
ui u aer growin man xree primary educa
tion. I wish you to notice further thatr
Ortgcn is one of the IC states in which
- t. n.i im.. . .i. Z. -&
feral ty
Mcssacisufeetts set the example of in
corporating into iae organic law of the
sate provisions for state public school
rjs.tms, by its constitution of 17S0. It is
of great Importance to students of sociol
ogy and to us. in the study of the develop
mi nt of our public schools, to noliee the
doctrine upati which Massachusetts in
corporated this provision into her organic
lew. The provision of the constitution
said In substance that wisdom and know!-"
edge, as well as virtue, diffused among
the body of the people, were necessary
for the securing of their rights' and 2ibar
tirs. and because wisdom and knowle&ge
come by spreading the opportunities aid
advantages of education among thedlffer
ent orders of people, it was commanded
that in all future periods, the common
wealth should cherish the Interests of lit
erature and the sciences, and all semina
ries it them, and especially the university
at Cambridge, and public grammar schools
and secondary) schools In the towns."
After tracing briefly the spread of the
system to other colonics, the speaker said,
&16ng with the establishment of universi
ties -bad gone development of high schools
until their .number was now 5315. or an
average of over 100 for each state and
territory. Grammar schools had grown
to &M uncounted number, with an enroll
ment of 15,000,000 pupils in 1ES6, and a cost
of $157,00,000 a year.
aiannal Training: Schools.
"As civilization became more complex,"
continued the speaker, "and the pressure
cf Industrial organization increased, the
pressure of necessity brought manual
Taining schools, and has led within the
past 10 years to one of the most remark
able developments Jo the whole history
of education the development of graduate
schools in our universities.
"The public school system Is not an
accident; it Is the result of , evolution, of
historical development. It Is the normal
method of the modern world of dealing
with the questions of education. We have
it because we cannot help ourselves, be
cause it was here when we were born,
because its germ was here when the na
tion, was born, because its germ was pres
ent when the Saxon pirates swarmed
from the Baltic sea upon the coast of
Britain.
"Oregon must deal In the 20th century
with education In the normal way. "We
cannot break with the past. "We must use
the institution that historical development
has thrust upon us. I need not remind
you that an institution is never made; it
grows. The laws governing this institu
tion are as powerful and Irresistible as
the laws of economics and sociology. The
system from primary school to university
Is an organic part of our life, and Is so
woven into the texture of our civilization
that we cannot tear It out If we would.
Did I say cannot? Tes, we can If we
were of a mind to forcibly break with
the past, as France did in T7S9. . . .
Development of Public Scfcoolsv
"The development of the public schools,
as a system, has run parallel during the
latter part of the 19th century with a pro
nounced socialistic tendency of society.
The spread of democracy began in the
period of awakening, called the revolution
of 1S00. but it was the purchase of Louis
iana In 1S03 and the acquisition of the
Oregon and Mexican territory, that gave
the movement its tremendous Impetus.
Jefferson was thrust forward as a leader
in the formative period of 1S00. From the
very first, the "West Imbibed his doctrines
of natural Tights as applied to govern
ment But there was a grave danger con
nected with the expansion of this doctrine.
It was founded upon the purely Jefferson
Ian idea of local democratic units, of
which the state was the last and largest
sovereign body. Upori such a basis the
new democratic life west of the Allegha
nies began its Irresistible growth. The
national Idea, the idea of the extension
of the powers and duties of the state, can
hardly bo said to have gained a foothold.
The democratic idea seemed about to ba
unalterably established upon a basis
which should fix upon the United States
the confederate and riot the federal Idea,
and if the "West had developed with the
South along lines of local sovereignty, the
history of the United States would have
been profoundly altered.
"But just at the time when the new de
mocracy was about to fix the future of the
country, the same elemtnts in our civiliza
tion that furnished the leaven for the
fermentation of the first 30 years of the
century, furnished the leader who
stamped his image upon the nation for
ever. Andrew Jackson represented in
truth the spirit of unrest and social
change, ht represented the new democra
cy, turbulent and jealous of restraint"
The work of President Jackson was ob
served, and the potent Influence of the
"West in determining the outcome of the
civil war. Social tendencies were briefly
adverted to until their relation to public
schools was discovered, from which the
speaker drew the deduction that the use
of the property of one person for the bene
fit of another, and an invasion of certain
forms of property rights, was the prin
ciple upon which the public school system
is founded. This was also said to be the
essence of the altruistic movement of
modern Christian society.
Anti-Toxin for Socialism.
"It is the fashion of the present time to
agree that support by public taxation of
the eight grades of the grammar schools
is just and involves no danger, but that
in the public support of any higher edu
cation lies the cause of socialistic tenden
cies. Is the public school system in any
part a cause of socialism? I deny it;
but if itIs, the grammar schools are the
hotbed of socialism. It is in connection
with grammar schools that the greatest
socialistic expansipn of modern times Is
to bo found. It was the pressure in con
nection with grammar schools that led to
Tthfechild being Tumlshed free school build-
ings and grounds, teachers, apparatus,
maps, globes, library books, supplies, light
and heat, at public expense. It was in
connection with grammar schools that
that most remarkable movement, the free
text-book system, led to the child being
furnished free absolutely everything he
could use in school, from text-books to
slate-pencils. This could never have hap
pened in connection with high schools
and universities alone.
"Free grammar schools, high schools
and universities are not the cause of so
cialism'; they are the result -of the same
socialistic tendencies that have brought
these socialistic tendencies. We cannot
solve the problem by cutting off the re
sults of these forces. Organized educa
tion, as a whole, and organized higher
education especially, has always been, and
is now, opposed to socialism. Every poi
son in the body politic develops its anti
dote, and higher education is the anti
toxin of socialism. Free high schoo's and
universities are the balance-wheel of mod
ern society, and for us to cut them off
would be to stick a knife in our own
throats.
"The capacity of a state for tho produc
tion of wealth depends upon the quantity
and quality of Its education. But it was
not until modern times that nations have
come to understand that universal educa
tion is absolutely necessary for the rapid
production of wealth. It was forced upon
them by the increase in population, and
the difliculty in providing for the Increase,
except by a corresponding growth in the
efficiency of labor.
Statistics of Massachusetts were quoted
showing that the state furnished greater
opportunities for education than any other
state in the Union, and, in proportion to
the population, is by far the largest pro
ducer of wealth. Coming to Oregon in
the same connection, the speaker said:
"Oregon has been favored by nature be
yond computation. The state is an em
pire In extent It has great varieties of
clhnateand productions. It has gold and
silver, -copper, lead, iron and coal. It has
ochres.'lays, granite and marble. It "has
timberof great variety and value. It can
raise hops, .flax and wool. It can produce
gralhs and grasses of all sorts
la prolusion. j.i can produce irults
enough :o supply not only this state, but
many others. It has water-power for
manufacture, enormous in extent and of
wide distribution. Yet I am informed
that there are shipped into this state
every day carloads of produce of overy
kind, and substantially all oflhe manu
factured goods come from "the ' outside.
You may draw your own conclusions, but
it seems safe to say that the influence of
a. state, its wealth-producing power, the
quality of Its civilization and the posi
tion It occupies in the world, will depend
In large measure upon the completeness
.and the moral and intellectual quality of
its public school system. One of the great
problems for this state in the 20th cen
tury is how to develop the highest edu
cational efficiency possible, and then how
moEtadvantageously to apply this wealth
producing capacity to the resources and
raw materials of the state."
Hlsrh Schools In Oregon.
After remarking that the increased de
mand for skill forced upon people larger
and more thorough education, the speak
er said Oregon had no high school sys
tem, and could hardly be said to have
high schools at all. Figures of the num
ber of high schools in other states were
furnished In contrast The resources of
the Willamette valley were reviewed, and
the question asked why It did not
contain 1,000,000 population. The speak
er said that the trouble lies with
the people themselves, not with nature
Continuing, he said the centralizing force
of the state In organizing public school
systems must be the state university.
The state must make It possible for the
university of Oregon to fulfill Its func
tions, and then, if these are not fulfilled,
the university ought tp be abolished, and
some other Institution created ;upon which
the state can center its influences. He
said the state university could never take,
Its place, and do its work for Oregon,
without an inflow of power from tho only
great city, the only center of concentrated
power, In the state.
"Kor will this be to the disadvantage
of any other institution of the state. The
better the public schools, the better the
private. The excellence of the Portland
high school does not hamper, It only helps,
the other secondary schools of tho city;
and we have here some of the best pre
paratory schoels in the United States.
The same influences that tend to strength
en the university will inevitably strength
en every other worthy Institution, in the
state. The same revival that adds to the
endowment and enrollment of the univer
sity of Oregon, wiI add to the enrollment
and endowment of' every other institution.
The key to the educational future of Ore;
gon lies with the university. The fate of
the public school system, the fate of every
other Institution in the state, is bound up.
In that of the university of Oregon. We
are yours. We have the name of tho
state, and to us loyalty Is due. In re
turn, the university is intensely loyal
to the state. Its whole energy Is cen
tered upon producing leaders for the state
In every department of life. We have no
axes to grind, no pet theories to further.
But we have our duties", our hopes, and
our plans. We intend to enable the young
men of Oregon to meet the demands that
have arisen through the acquisition of
the Philippines, and the opening to Amer
ican Influence of Asia.
"We mean to preserve the traditions
and unique civilization of Oregon." We
mean, through historical seminaries in our
graduate department, to develbp every
detail of Oregon history from the sources
furnished by the State Historical So
ciety. We mean to foster the conserva
tive elements in our civilization, to sur
round our students with the nlghest
Christian culture. We mean to develop
in the university of Oregon a personal
ity, as unique and as powerful as that of
Yale or Harvard, Princeton or Berkeley.
"Shall California become a world center-
of education, and shall Oregon be
come dependent upon" great universities
outside of the state? Then Oregon will
become tributary to California or Wash
ington, or Massachusetts or Connecticut,
and their educational standard's, their
Ideals and their civilization will be
stamped upon the state. Oregon must
have a great university, commensurate
with the needs and prospects of the state.
And is there nothing unique about the
civilization of your state that makes it
worth while to conserve It? Are there
no Oregon ideals wo want to preserve?
This is the problem that the 2Qth century
must solve for the state university.
Possibilities of tlie Future.
"No state like Oregon, no city like Port
land, has before it such possibilities and
such duties. Who shall draw the veil and
show us the changes that the next quar
ter of a century shall produce? What
place shall Oregon take in the new dis
pensation that Is before us? What city
shall be the arbiter of the destiny of the
Pacific coast? The air is heavy with por
tents. Every child of Oregon, native-born
or adopted, stands In the very shadow
of coming events that shall dwarf the
greatest achievements of the 19th cen
tury. Oregon is a sleeping giant; some
body must awaken him.. Men and women
of Portland, the opportunity that 1000
years will not bring again, Is here. Do
you love this state, its smiling valleys,
Its mountains of gold? Do you love its
fruits and flowers, its violet-tinted hills,
Its matchless rivers? Do you love the
memory of Its pioneers, who one by one
are laying their whitened heads upon its
bosom? Do you remember their struggles,
their hardships, their tears? Do you love
your children? Then do not allow Oregon
to miss Its destiny. Seize the opportunity
now.
"Oregon must prepare for greater things.
God and the development of the race have
thrust them upon us, and If the state will
not respond to the call of the century.
God will remove his standard from among
us, and Oregon will become the hewer of
wood and drawer of water for the rest of
the Union, and the servant of the world.
"When "Varus, with his Roman legions,'
crossed the Rhine, it was not Hermann
who deFtroyed him; it was God, who said
the Romans should never undermine Ger
manic civilization. If they had, you and
I would not be here this afternoon with
English blood In our veins and living un
der a free government. Westward the
star of empire takes its way! The Atlan
tic could not quench It, neither can the
Pacific. Do, It has encircled the earth,
and for the first time since the Aryans
descended Into the valley of the Indus, the
Inflowing tide of progress and fresh blood
shall sweep into Asia, not from the West,
but from the East, from a people whom
God has chosen to do a work for the
world which Egypt and Babylonia, Persia
and Greece, Rome and Carthage, Spain
and England could not do."
COMPARATIVE DISTANCES.
now to Estimate IntoIIIerently Mili
tary Operations In South Africa.
Army and Navy Journal.
The distance In the South African scenes
of operations can be better estimated If
they are compared with those between
New York city and outlying places. Tak
ing the route of the British from Dur
ban, their landing place, to go to Pleter
maritzburg, 70 miles, would be approxi
mately the same as to go to Poughkeepsle
from New York. From Durban to Lady
smith, ISO miles, Is about the distance
from New York to Baltimore; from Dur
ban to Lalng's Nek, the Boer frontier
on tho Natal side, Is 301 miles, or New
York to Concord, N. H.; Durban to
Johannesburg or Pretoria is about 500
miles, or New York to Wheeling. W. Va.
On the western side the distance from
Cape Town to KImberley is G47 miles, New
York to Springfield, O.: from Cape Town
to- Vryburg is 74 miles, New York to
Ann Arbor. Mich.; from Cape Town to
Mafeking is 870 miles, New York to At
lanta, Ga.; from Cape Town to Johannes
burg and Pretoria, 1014 miles, New York
to St. Louis, Mo.
c
How to See a Play.
Charles Barnar in Werner's Magazine.
The best way to see a play is to ob
serve both play and players. It Is well
to study tho art of acting, it is well to
know who is contributing to our pleasure
by their fine interpretation of the story,
but it Is a mistake to think that the act
ing Is everything. If -eve are wholly ab
sorbed In watching the actor we may
quite miss the play. Then, too, we must
observe that each individual actor is only
a part of the story, and that the play
Includes all the characters. Our best plan
Is, therefore, to pay some attention to the
actors at first, to recall them with pleas
ure, if wo have seen them befoie. and
then to listen to tho story. It is no long
er Mr. Jefferson playng "Rip Van
Winkle." but dear old Rip himself who
lives before us. The art of the actor Is
to make us forget, and forgetting js the
greatest compliment to his art.
The first time we go to see the play,
to hoar the story. Our plan should be to
pay very little attention to the acting, and
to give our whole attention to the play.
The second time being now somewhat
familiar with the story, wo may pay
attention to the acting and listen to the
play from that point of view. Very likely
we shall discover that the second hearing
of the play is so interesting that we quite
forget the actors and how they played
their parts. It is always an advantage
to hoar a play twice, as many of the
points are apt to pass unnoticed tue first
time we see it.
?-o-
Siberia, opened by the Russians, may
vet be one of the greatest wheat-produc-
jing countries of tfje yorld,
SAMARKAND TO TASHKEND
THE
J
i
EASTEK3F EXTENSION OF
TRAXS-CASPJAN RAILWAY.
j
!
Tamer- '.
Life at an Oriental Hotel
lane's Bridge Over tlie Zarnl
slian River.
TASHKEND, Russian Turkestan, July
15. On the "eastern extension of the
Trans-Caspian railway I have' felt almost
likq a pioneer traveler. The extension has
been completed but a short time, and
trains have been running through from
Samarkand to Tashkend but a few weeks.
In fact, I was assured by people all along
the line before reaching Samarkand that
the line to Tashkend was not yet open,
and even in the former city people seemed
to know little about when trains arrived
and departed. Although the train service
DOXKEYS CARRYING LOADS TO THE
is regular enough and dally now for the
first time, no time tables have been print
ed for the public.
The big bearded Tartar at Samarkand
proved to be the poorer, chambermaid,
waiter and commissionaire of Hotel Cen
tral. It was he who carried my handbags,
tidied my room, served my meals, ran my
errands and in the end receipted my bills
and started me for the train. He was
garrulous in several languages which I did
not understand, but "Tamerlane" he pro
nounced alike in all ot them. I am in
cllnad to claim that I disturbed his Ori
ental calm for the first time in his life
by refusing to go near ono of the ruins.
I stuck to the peqplo and the Russian
quarter, but the Tartar looked at me re
proachfully when I left. Perhaps his
pride In th.e splendor of the fame of the
ancient ruler of his nation was touched.
One moment after I was shown to a
room that first morning the big fellow in
troduced himself to me as Ivan, and de
manded my name, with which he strug
gled manfully. The next he asked for my
passport. At sight of the American eagle
heading that Important document, Ivan's
face brightened, and he exclaimed "Amer
leansky!" Thenhe declared that he had
been In America himself, naming as his
Itinerary Samarkand, Cabul, India', Bom
bay, Aden, Port Said, Loudon, America,
Constantinople. His geography was not
flawless, but he smote his breast proudly
and declared that he. too, was an Afri
can, so I did not have the heart to bo
critical. At any rate, he is the only
American I have seen for some weeks.
Stimulated by this and other conversa
tions which followed, I dubbed my new
compatriot Ivan the Terriblo, without de
lay, and he answered to that historical
name smilingly to the end of my stay.
An Oriental Caravansary.
This hotel at Samarkand was typical of
the caravansaries that I am finding all
through Central Asia, and may be worth
a description for that reason. It was a
building ot masonry, one story In height,
with a flat roof, the latter space, how
over, not utilized for any purpose, in this
fact varying from the custom In some
other countries in mid-Asia. There was
no" office, no public dining-room, in fact
no public rooms of any sort. A hall ran
RAILWAY STATION AX ODKXJCHCVOt
from the front door straight through the
house, on either side of it opening the
guebt rooms, of which there were not
more than four or five.
The room given me was perhaps 20 by 21
feet, with three large windows looking
out into the yard of the hotel. It v,as
divided by partitions which did not reach
the ceiling Into three spaces, the largest
including all the windows. One of the
smaller rooms contained the bed and the
other the washstand. In neither was
there any other piece of furniture.
The sitting-room was carpeted with
three rugs of uniform pattern, cheap in
the extreme, and modern, but with some
of the beauty of Oriental carpets, for they
were made by native women of the city.
The furniture Included five tables of vary
ing size and shape, a sideboard, a desk
and a pierglass. All of the chairs, tables
and other furniture were doubtful as to
age, strength and cleanness, but they
were draped with Oriental embroideries.
The curtains were the only things which
thrust the memory of foreign manufac
turo on one. Fir3t came a set of white
muslin" sash curtains; over these1 were
roller shades of Japanese bamboo; next
came the cheapest of Russian lace cur
tains, and last of all were some horrible,
heavy brocaded lambrequins, with fringe
and tassels. All this in a hot and dusty
country became very painful, but it was
evidently an effort to introduce some
Western luxury into the place. The walls
of tho three looms were covered with
";". feu iS8l
Infill1 wm WiM F:!
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF SHJIUTtAIH, FOUNDED BY TAaiERLA'E,
FACiSQ THE MAJUW3T-J?J'AgE, SAWAKJCAtfJL
gaudy figured cotton goods,, evidently Ori
ental and probably of local manufacturet
very good of color afid of pattern.
Service at the hotel was characterized
by the absolute willingness of Ivan to do
anything that was asked of him, but there
Is no doubt that I might have asked a
great many things of him that would have
puzzled him greatly. Fortunately, all cqn-
cern about such trivial nonessentials as
cleanliness has been eliminated much
earlier than this In the journey. A to
the bed, In common with every other hotel
I have seen since I reached this side ot
the Caspian sea. it had no furnishings ex
cept the mattress. It is necessary for the
traveler in these regions to carry his
own .pillow and bed linen, or he will not
have them at all. However, thjre was
a very pretty prayer rug from Baluchistan
at the side of the bed. In the other little
room the wafhstand had a basin on it,
but nothing else. When I demanded water
Ivan would bring it In a little pltoher
and would pour It In a small stream upon
my hands according to s gnal, after- the
proper fashion of Mussulmans. The basin
was so corroded and scarred that it wou'd i
have-vbeen quite impossime to, qonsioer
MARKET-PLACE IN SAMARKAND
using It for any Tther purpose except to
receive what was poured.
When It came to ordering meals, Ivan
took my Instructions in a mixture of Rus
siant French, German, Engl sh and even
Turkish, but the result was satisfactory.
When I failed on a Russian word I tried
him in succession in the other languages,
in each of which he knew a few expres
sions, and finally, if all else proved Insuffi
cient, my small Turkish vocabulary usu
ally came to the rescue. It was an In-
f nlna?ro. lamnnatrnHnri rP tVta atmWntr
of the language of the Sarts of Central
Asia to that of the Turks far to the west
ward. The only trouble with Ivan as a
caterer was that he persisted In taking
overy tentative query as to what might
be had at some time in the future as a
definite order for the present. The result
was that my first breakfast consisted of
a whole fried chicken, a large fillet of
beef with fried potatoes, beet salad, pan
cakes covered with sugar and preserved
cherries, a cantaloupe and a bottle of
kvass. It was the best meal I had seen
since I crossed the Caspian, so I did not
feel inclined to rebuke its profusion.
Another blessad thing about that hotel,
bad as It all was, measured by any West
ern standards, was the bath. Out In the
shady back yard that extended perhaps 150
feet in the rear of the house, was a fence
seven feet high, inclosing a space of seme
10 feet square. The fence was made of
coarse cotton cloth, mounted on light
frames, one section opening as a door.
Within was a pool, six by eight feet and
fivo feet deep, lined throughout with
brick, and filled with water, which en
terqd by a little stream at one corner and
found exit opposite. An old chair, a strip
of matting on the ground and some rough i devoted head of Sir William Butler the
steps leading down to the bottom of the official displeasure of the government,
pool completed the arrangements. The , mUch as General Sherman's estimate oc
placo was primitive In the extreme, but the ' casloned tho indignant expostulation of
water was clear and cold, the shade over- , Secretary Cameron, who asked where the
head was dense, and one who has trav- , 200.003 men were to bo obtained. Sherman
oled through the deserts of Transcaspia to then and Butler now were regarded as
reach Samarkand Is In a state of mind -huinr th. nntrintif iTnnni! nf h-ipIt- re.
prepared to be properly grateful- for such
a place of refreshlng.possibllltles.
Railroad a Novelty.
A jdaily train Is in service each way be
tween Samarkand and the-term'nl ot the
eastern extension, which reaches Tashkent!
and Andijan, branching at Chernayevo.
T"he distance from Samarkand to Tash
kend, which Is the run of the through
trains, Is 221 miles. The train leaves
Samarkand at 7:35 in the morning and
reaches Tashkend at 10:40 the same evert
ing. The service is not yet arranged as
comfortably as that of the line from the
Caspian to Samarkand, though the coun
try through which the extension passes
is not as trying for the traveler as that
of 'the earlier journey.
Our train, which left Samarkand half an
hour late, had but one second-class car,
this divided Into two compartments for
six persons each. In one was a Russian
family, characteristic of many that I hava
seen In travel. The father was a peasant
"pope," or village pric3t, of the Greek
church; the mother was a weary and wor
rled little woman who was left to all the
responsibility and labor of the trip, and
the children were four little girls under 8
yeara of age, the eldest already assuming
the work of a little mother for her smaller
sisters. My own companions in the other
compartment were two Russian traveling
salesmen, making a trip to the city of
Tashkend -to sell goads. The rest of the
train Included seven third-class cars, all
full; flve fourth-class, some box cars, a
mail car, a baggage car, and the en
gine. As far as Samarkand the native popula
tion of Central Asia has become fairly well
accustomed to the railway, but along the
y
line of the extension It is still a novelty
to then. As the train parsed out of the
city queer, little groups of children In the
gay-colored, odd-shaped garments of the
country stared up at the wonderful ma
chine and waved their hands at the passen
gers quite after the fasnion of youngsters
at home In Amer'ca. Impressive and stolid-looking
Sart men and bundled-up Sart
women, too, halting at the street crossings
to let the "devil wagon" pass, were not
beyond turning their heads for u better
view.
Three or four miles after leaving the
city the train passes the first of many
historical objects along the way. Follow
ing the valley of the Zarafshan river, th
line suddenly roundu a hill and comes out
at the very abutment of one of the most
Interesting of ancient hrldges. It is known
as the Shadman-Mallk, and is credited to
Tamerlane, and spoken of as Tamerlane's
bridge ever this large river. The struc
ture wae carried on a series of great
arches acroEa the river, the arches being
placed at angles to cne another, and zig
zag instead of straight One of these
remains in excellent condition, while the
form of two or three others Is plainly
seen In the crumbling masonry. Some
students have dated the bridge In the lflth
century, but I believe the claims of Tem
erlane are thought to be better grounded.
TRUMBULL WHITE.
A PARALLEL.
General William T. Sherman and
General Sir "William Bntlcr.
Bo3toq Transcript.
In October, 1SS1, General William T.
Sherman, In. the course of a conference at
Louisville, with Secretary of War Came
ron, which should have been considered
secret, speaking as a military expert, ex
pressed the opinion that to carry the arms
of the Union to the Gulf of Mexico and
re-establish the authority of the United
States throughout the Mississippi valley
at least 200,000 soldiers would be required.
This opinion getting into the newspapers
was derided. General Sherman was called
"Crazy Sherman." Hl3 spirit was almost
broken by the satire and abuse heaped
upon him by editors and politicians who
thought they knew more about war than
he did. It was only after a most trying
experience that General Sherman lived
down this criticism to prove himself not
, only a prophet, but a strategist of the first
( order.
An experience very similar to that of
General Sherman has been General Sir
- f He commanded at the
Capo of Good Hope until just before the
outbreak of the Transvaal war. As he
was believed to entertain the opinion that
there were two sides to the question he
was relieved of his command, though
there never was the slightest intimation
that he would fall In .zeal after hostilities
began. Sir William Butler was stigma
tized as a "skulker" by superheated Brit
ish public opinion. Apart from any Impu
tation of lukeWarmness, General Butler
had offended In another particular, a fact
which has only recently become public
property. Having been consulted as to
the military measures necessary to be
taken in the event of war, he advised that
all British troops In the Tieck of Natal
should be withdrawn to the line of the
Tugela river, which should be held by at
least 20,000 men. This would "contain"
the Boers In that direction, and guard the
right fiank of an army of 100.000 men or
ganized to march directly on Bloemfon
teln and Pretoria.
It was his estimate that at least 120.0CO
men should be kept available for tho cam
paign. This judgment more than vindi
cated by the event brought down on the
spectlve nations and as reflecting on the
"wisdom of their superiors, a very danger
ous thinfr to do at any time. Sir William
Butler is" by no means the equal of Sher
man as a general, but the parity Is strik
ingly suggestive.
G1
HOTEL ARRIVALS.
THE PORTLAND.
Martin Schlnck, NY IC A Hardy, Eugene
E Mansfield, St Louis Mr and Mrs Leo Peter
F C Innea, Spckane son. city
R O Greet. Vancouver C J Riley. Chicago
Mrs Greet. Vancouver J Y? itc-gers. Salt Lake
Mis Greet. Vancouver (Wm T Baker. Chisago
A Carrlgan, San Fran 'H Ecckwith. Chicago
T V Smith. San Fran
John Daut. FMladeimm.
T Richardson. San Fi-st
H Gump, San Fran
B I" Bretherton. X Y
L R. Erlggs, city
Waiter Lycn. Salem.
C R Faul, Chicago
D C Stover. Freport
H J Ottenhelmer, S F
L L Rosenthal. Chicago
Mrs L L Harris. S F
c IC I Howard. S F
T J. Phmlrtt. S F
WUI Watklns. St Joe
Edna XaaUevllle, "Hu
man Hearts"
W G Marks. N Y
G Spalding, San Fran
W P Henry. Toronto
1 N Paylon, Spokane
Tdlea Peyton. Spokane
l" Henrlchs anI daugh
ter, Mccrhead
B U Lorimer. St Paul
W II Remington. Ta-
comn
iCatvIn HeiHff. city
J Bollman. San f ran (Ben Jonaii, ban iran
MltO E SaiwJmour, S FrMw A Grcasl. S F
Miss M Franetta. S F G Lindgreen. St Paul
C P Latourette. Or Cty C W Fulton, Actorla
G iC Burton. San Fran!
THE PERKINS.
W B Steele, Fresno 1M Hcsklre. Seattle
O C Cleveland, Fresno H H Holcomb, Seatlla
YV J Williams. Seattle IJ PlatU?, Seattle
E W ParkH? Seattle J O Watts. Eugene
U E Ferval. Hood RvriU B Vogte. Corvalllp
H L Dunklisjcn. "Hu- ,U Ankeny. Walla Walla
man Heartif'vco (Mrs Jftoberts No Yaklna
A Cc-oHdre. Colfax iH iZrait. Ckttskare
Mra Coolldw. Coftax F Huott. Baker City
W F Young. Roeeburg .F A McKIncon. Ptti
W L Bradehaw, B-illes j IIetcn
G Mays. The Dalles J L Marsh. Vancouver
J G Smldt. The Dnllos Mri J L Mor3h. do
A T Baldwin, do lH T Marks. Chehalls
J O Baker. Or City -il G Pomeroy. Oswpgo
Miss L Leigh, C L C CoA B Copies. Forest Grvr
W T Dlckimnn, S F lA W Ely. Tacoma
M J Beyer, Vancouver f.T O Holton, Boise
Mrs .T Beyer, do i Mn Baker, BoIm
A Brown. Pendleton JH Dalefijnaker City
L. Hunzlker. FendletoniMn H uaje, no
P M Letts, La Grands
,T Joreprfion. Roeburg
W A Villlajns, Castle
Rock
F Brldall. Tacoma
XV Kitchen, The Dalle
G F Currey, Jct'jph
V D William.". Dalles
p Cuhn. Seattle
'J D Sullivan. Kalama
C Keltey. Seattle
THE IMPERLVL.
C. W. Knowles. Manager,
r G Scoichler, Eagle T tjena. Ashland
Cliff F W Holt!?. Fa'em
Craq Adams, Stockton E M Welch. Salem
Mrs At'ara3. Stockton U M Mcintosh, Bake
I A J York. Vaneoaer ( City
, L A Cararon, Ft Sterns E i. Smith. Hood River
A B Eastfnm. Vancvr 'J S Coram. Chicago
H VV Hatch. Or City 'R W Jamerfon. Rosebrg
P G- Copeland, Dawion C A Ball, Vancouver
S J Stranck. S F V M Croker. Liverpool
Mlsa Rush, Pomeroy
Mra R S Rush, do
; W Stone. Astoria
'T J ayJer, tiraiiMtru
JMrs Syler, Brainanl
JMIra Sjler, Brainanl
R Eknteln, Portland
kj A .uuurc, Liwnua
Mry Ekstin, Portland Ur? Moore. Loomls
J N laws, siccia
Mr-t Laws. A.torla
G J Mohler. Chicago
E tf Reynolds. Senttle
THE ST. CHARLES.
E E Plttsford, AmbergjW Kearas. Gray'9 Rvi
W L Wright. Amberg J F Gardner, do
C Thurston, Corvallls ,H Clinton. Astoria
R L Eberman, Seicide IF J DoUen. Omaha
W J O'Neal, city A Olsen. Salem
R E Caples, city jMrs Forbes, Astoria
C Sargent, city iW G Rhude. Gray's Rvr
L Erlckson, Swensen l.Tno A Stewart, do
B Heroley, Vancouver JMrs Farrell. Vancouver
H Woodson. Wlnlcck F Rosandorf. Indepfidnc
H H Caples, city JR Bamford. Hatasy
J A Jensen, city (J W Thomas', JlcloIIa
Capt H II Reese, As- i H nansn, CIatQkar.1
torla Mlss E Hawwn. do
B Mench. Astoria (F .T Smith. Portland
J S Bryant, city C H Hanover. Portland
A A Criatfl, ButteviHe iR L Mosby. Salem
P Mullhaapt, Sdem )C H Mosby. Salem
B Robertson, Salem P C Mosby, Salem
Hotel Donnelly. Tnconin.
Euronean plan; headquarters for com
merdal men. Chilberg's restaurant In
connection.
Hotel Butler. Seattle.
European. Rooms with or without Mth.
Ladies' and gents grillrooms in connection.
Kruse's Grill Room and Restaurant
Stark street, opp. Chamber of Commerce.
a
Suit the people, because they are tired
of bitter doses, with the pain and griping
that usually follow. Carter's Little Liver
Pills. One pill a dose.
io
FJapos-Organs. WJJey 33, Allen Cg.
FAMOUS SCO rCH TROOPS
GLORY GAIXED BY GORDON HI Gil
LAITDERS OX BLOODY FIELDS.
Regiment Organized in 1704 by the
Soke of Cordon Prince of Wales
Is Coloncl-In-Cltlcf.
The departure ot the Gordon Hlghhind
erj for the seat of war In South Africa wd
the occasion of a demonstration on tiM
part of the English people, whteh shwd
that the deeds of war which stand to ihe
credit of the organization are well remem
bered, and that the regiment takes high
rank in the estimation of the nation.
It Is not the first service m Afrtat for
the sturdy Highlanders, ami their standard
bears the words: "Nile. 1S34-SS"; "Cnit
ral," 'South Africa" and "Tel-el-Kebhv"
along wtth "Egmont-ap-Zee," "Mandwra,"
'Corunr.ti," "Fuetes d'Oner," "AhjtaraV
"Vlttorla." "Pyrenees," "Nlve." "OrthW
"Peninsula," "Waterloo," "Delhi," "Ltwk
nowr" "Kabul," "Kandahar" and "Af
ghanistan." In lti early days th regiment was
known aa the Ninety-second. It was r
ganized In 1794 by the Dulce ot Gord&o. who
was better known by the mih of "Cek
o' the North." The letter of service em
powered the duke to raise a regiment of
infantry among h!s clansmen, ami within
a few months after he began the task a
battalion of over 1000 men had been en
listed. The men were sent to the Mediterranean
district, according to the New York Trib
une, but saw only gatrlson dty for lilve
years, and then received their baptism. e
tire at Egraont-op-Zoe In the" war w.heh
had for Its object the wresting of Holland
from the grsp of -France.
In the first battle the commanding offi
cer, Colonel the Marquis of Hitntly, was
killed, and the present holder of the Mtte
13 honorary colonel of the Fifth volunteer
battalion of the regiment.
General S r John Moore was wounded
at the same time, and was carried from
the field by two Gordons. When he recov
ered he asked for the names of the two
brave soldiers and offered a rewrd of 20
to each of them. It was a large sum of
money for a private soldier but, al
though tho order was read to the regi
ment at parade, no man stepped out of
the ranks to claim the reward. Some years
later when Moore was knighted and aa
Gumed a coat of arms, he selected a Gor
don Highlander for one of his supporters,
"In gratitude," he said, "to and eommem
cTatlon. of two soldiers of tho Nlnety-eee-ond
who raised me from the ground when
I was lying on my face wounded and
stunned."
The Gordons were sent to Egypt and
earned laurels for bravery, but tbelr et
onel, Er3kine of Cardroes, was killed. The
regiment returned to England and ivm
the chief object of interest at the great
demonstration in London when Neleon was
laid to rest In St. Paul's. When England
undertook to purge Spain of the French,
the Gordon Highlanders war sent to the
front, but before the campaign closed
tho commanding ofLeer, Colonel Napier,
was killed. The regimental historian saya:
"Their pipes were lilting when the colonel
fell, and when the British Heet of trans
ports soiled away from Corunna with tho
victorious soldiers aboard, the pipes played
Hey, Johnnie Cope,' to the disgust of the
French pursuers."
The regiment was next ordered to Por
tugal with Wellington, and there gained
new and lasting laurels on many Moody
fields. At Mya they were tohl to hofel
a position against five times their number
and fought for 10 hours against the fear
ful odds until their ammunition was ex
nausted, and then, despite the der ot
"Aukl Grog Willie." aa they called Sir
William Stuart, not to charge, they hurled
themselves against the French with the
bayonet. When they went into the eharge
they were 800 strstur. but leas than hK
that number lived to tell the story.
"So dreadful," said Napier In his account
of the battle, "was the slaughter tha the
assault of tho enemy wa3 actually stowed
by the heaped up m&ssefl of dead and dy
ing. The stern valor of the Ntnety-seeond
would have graced Thermopylae."
The Highlanders were brigaded wWh
RoyI Scots and the Black Watch when
Wellington engaged Marshal Ney at
Quatre Bras. Wellington himself gave
the order, "Ninety-second, prepare to
charge!" and he saw the regiment rise
from the trench where they had taken
shelter as one men, and with lowered bay
onets rush through the smoke and put the
French to flight. In thb battle they leet
their commander, Colonel Cameron. The
shot that killed him came from a farm
house held by the French. Within fhe
minutes of the time when Campbell fell
every occupant of the house had been
bayonetted.
Two days later, at Waterloo, under the
command of Major Donald MaeDonnkl,
they fought again, and there is probnMy
no incident In the annals of English war
fare more stirring than the one In which
the Gordons and the Scots Greys took
equal part on that memorable day. The
Gordon IlJshfcindera aeisert hold of the
stlrrup3 of the Grey3 and dashed down
the slope with them in one common charge
of Scotland's finest horse and foot against
the flower of the French army.
Then came the -10 yc.rs of peace, and
when the Crimean war broke out the regi
ment was stationed at Gibraltar. It se.w
little service in that campaign, and not
so much aa some ot the other regiments
in the Indian mutiny, but It did much ser
vice In the Afghan campaign and won new
glory at the battle of Candahar. On the
way home the regiment was deflected to
South Africa, and took part in the war
against the Boers In 1SS1. and encountered
the first severe reverse at Majuba hill.
Shortly after this campaign the regiment
was reorganized with the Seventh-ftfth,
and its present composition Is: First bat
talion. Seventy-fifth foot. Ninety-second
foot; Third battalion, Royal Aberdeenshire.
Aberdeen 13 the regimental depot. Since
the regiment's departure for South Africa,
Colonel DOwnman, Captain Wlngate and
Captain Gordon have been killed and sev
eral other officers of the command have
been wounded In action.
The Prince of Wales is the eolonel-ln-chlef
of the regiment, and the Duk of
York and the Duke of Connaugbt are hon
orary members.
o o-
"VVrccIc of the Jnnlt.
From "The Tangtse Valley and Beyond,"
Mrs. J. F. Btehop.
My attention was occupied by a Mg jak
dragged by 200 men. which in two hours
made hardly perceptible progress, slipping
back constantly, though the drums were
fractlcally beaten and the gangers lushed
madly along the lines of struggling track
ers, bringing their bamboo whips down on
them with more sound than force. Sud
denly the Junk shivered, both tow ropes
snapped, the lines of trackers went down
on their faces, and In a moment the Wg
craft was spinning down the rapid: and be
fore she could be recovered by the bow
rweep she flow up into the air as If she
hrd exploded, a mass of spars and planks.
with head? bobbing about In the breaker.
Quick as thought the :ed lifeboats were
on the spot, and If the drowning wretches
as they scrambled ovr the gunwales did
not bless this moat efficient of the chari
ties of China. I did most heartily, fee, of
the 14 or IS souls on board, all were saved
but three.
o
Pretorln'n Armory.
London Telegraph.
A letter written by a prominent ofndai
In the government of Natal has been re
ceived In London. He says: One tubs
one's eyes when-a horde of 'simply herds
men is seen to drive back an army
trained by men of the highest and nsos:
up-to-date military skill and experience.
and armed, one would think, with the most
perfect weapons of destruction. The fact
Is", the Boer armory at Pretoria would
shame the armory of some ftrst-etegs Ett
ropean powers.