THE MORNING QBEGONIAN, MONDAY, 'JANUARY. 15, .1900.
iONEERSOFUMPQUA
Settler of 1855 Writes Recollec
tions of Persons and Events.
COMPANY B, MOUNTED VOLUNTEERS
Early Merchants nd Lawyers His
toric "Wcddingr at Oakland
Prominent Families.
Tho writer first jnade Ills home in the
beautiful Umpqua valley in the spring o
1S54, ad resided there 17 years, and In
that time he made the acquaintance of.
many of its early settlers, and still num
bers tho few remaining "old-timers" as
being his most esteemed friends. This by
way of Introduction, says Samuel Hand
saker in the Roseburg Plalndealer.
I am not certain as to the exact date, but
it must have been very early In the MOs,
that the three brothers, John, Langley
and George Hall came from Staffordshire,
England, and located In what was, then a
very new country, with neighbors "few
and far between," In Bureau county, Illi
nois. In the spring of 1S53 they "started
tho plains across," -using horse and ox
teams for the purpose.
Like many other of the emigrants of
that year, they were beguiled Into coming
by tbe middle fork of the Willamette
river route, and after suffering terrible
privations for lack of provisions for them
selves and feed for their stock, . they
reached the settlement almost more dead
than alive a month or more later than
those coming by other routes. Seven J
months were required to make the trip;
now it is done in less than half that
many days. They were told that pie road
over the Cascade mountains was open, but
it was not.
The Hall Brothers.
John and George bought the right to a
choice tract of land six miles east of Oak
land and built their log cabin on the di
vision line so that each could occupy the
same house and still comply with the
donation land laws then In force.
In early times a man with a family
could secure a section CIO acres of land
by cultivating the same and making it his
borne continuously for five years. A single
man, or, as they were formerly known,
'bachelors," was entitled to half a sec
tion. After a certain date just half of this
amount was given with the same restric
tions. Two of the brothers were single men
and held but half a section, but in after
years added many more acres by pur
chase. The right to their donation claim
was bought from "William Stephens, who
never married and died recently at "Waila
Walla.
John died years ago at a good old age.
Grorge, the jounger brother, married a
Miss James, who survives him and lives
at the old home, surrounded by a numer
ous progeny of children and grandchil
drwi. The third brother, Langley, married In
England, and in addition to carrying on
an extensive farm, found leisure, when his
services were required, to practice medi
cine. The writer recollects very -well being in
the doctor's company at one time when
the subject of railroads was first dis
cussed around Oakland. "Tut, tut, tut,"
said the doctor, "what's the use of a rail
road here when there is not enough
raised in the whole Umpqua valley in a
3-car to load one car?" But the doctor and
his good wife, who both have passed
away, lived to see Oregon "to blossom as
fArGse,"' and by the industry of Its in
habitants millions are fed.
Mrs. Sarah Thomas, Mrs. Fanny Bloom
field and Mrs. Mary Smith, all of Oakland,
with others, were heirs of this worthy
couple. Perhaps your readers may par
don me for taking up so much space when
speaking of the Hall, but it was with
fncle John and Uncle George that I, a
bachelor for awhile, made my borne. Yes,
and it often occurs to me that It was the
dear lady friends jHst mentioned who first
named me "'Uncle Sam," a name not to be
sneezed at.
Mr. and Mi's. James H. Smith came in
tho same train and lived a long time In
Douglas county, but -reside now at Cres
well. When the Hall brothers came to Ore
gon, they brought with them nothing but
high-bred brood mares and cows, and
much of the fine stock now In our state
orlg.nated from them. Uncle George, in
bis bachelor days, was not only "an excel
lent cook, but his dairy products brought
the best price; indeed, it is a fact that at
the first county fair held In the Umpqua
valley, his butter received the first pre
muim, although a. lady relative was
awarded the credit.
The doctor said he sold the first lot of
wool ever sold in Chicago, and "Uncle
John" would relate how they would haul
their pork to Chicago, nearly 260 miles,
and would sell it for $1 25 cwt., which
was the price those times for a pound
of tea.
"Win Chester.
For many years the ferry across the
Korth Umpqua river at Winchester was
owned by Thomas Smith and Mr. Aiken.
The former is still an honored citizen of
Douglas count'. In the early '50s, while
Roseburg was still, so to speak, in its in
fancy, the United States land office was
located here, and, if memory" serves me
right, It was in charge of William J.
Martin, "Old Warnick Bark," and Colo
nel Mosher, a son-in-law of General Joe
Lane.
I believe it was in tbe summer of '1
that the Moore brothers built a bridge
at this place, which proved a total loss
to them, for during the winter the wa
rs rose to an unusual height and carried
away nearly all the bridges In the coun
try, including this one.
Wilbur and Camas Swnle.
Wilbur academy was founded in 54,
and the village was named after its
founder, Rev. J. H. Wilbur, of the Meth
odist church, or, as be was usually
called, "Father" Wilbur. Much of the
material for this Institution of learning
was carried on pack animals from Scotts
burg, "Father" Wilbur being an expert
packer. Most of the freight for Southern
O'-t.gon came in schooners to Gardiner at
the mouth of the Umpqua and was carried
from that point to Scottsburg on steam
boats. Among the prominent old citizens of Wil
bur the name of F. R. JilU, Benjamin
Jrubbe, Rev. Fletcher Royal, James
Clinkenbeard and William Kuykendall,
a-e remembered. Dr. W. Kuykendall,
one of the most efficient physicians of
Lane county, and son of the last named,
resides in Eugene.
Going farther up the swale we find the
borne of Mr. Cooper, with T3on. M. P.
Deady, a man well known in early Ore
gon history, for a near neighbor. Judge
R. E. Straiton also resided in the vicinity.
Turning northwest, we find the Knott
farm, also the homes of David Hurst, A.
E. McGhee and John Mires, stepfather of
ex-Surveyor-General W. H. Byars.
Going back to the south side of the
swale wo find the ' home (or did more
than 40 years ago) of John C. Smith, whose
widow survives him and lives In Oakland.
Perched on the hillside a little further
on. surrounded with orchards that yielded
an abundance of nice cherries, apples and
peaches (for fruit was a scarce article
those days) was the residence of Fendal
Sutherlin, one of the best-known pioneers
of the Umpqua valley, and who, we be
lieve, is one of the few of those who,
coming at such an early date, survive.
A Weddinjr.
Just 43 years ago November 27,. 1K5G,
a wedding was celebrated at the home of
Samuel L. Cannon, his daughter. Miss
Sarah J. Cannon, being united in marr.age
to Samuel Handsaker, "Unqje" John Dll
lard, the founder of the village of that
name, officiating. Words arc Inadequate
to express the value of a real, good help
mate, who through sickness and health
has been such for so many years. Thve
result of this union is four "Native
Sons" and a like number of "Native
Daughters," not omitting their first born,
a lovely daughter, whose body years ago
was placed in the Canyonvllle cemetery.
This venerable pair also lay claim to an
even score of grandchildren. The writer
often wonders how many of the 120 "per
sons who sat down to an elegant dinner
tho day following the wedding, at the very
nice, new residence of Mr. and Mrs.
Stephens, kindly donated to the then
young couple, are yet living? -
Mr. Cannon was engaged for some years
in tho manufacture of salt, the supply of
water coming from springs adjacent to
the swale. An excellent article was made,
but the imported article could be bought
cheaper than this, and the -works were
shut down.
Other Camas Residents.
Proceeding east, up Camas swale, the
next home was that of John Sutherlin, sr.,
the wealthiest -man in that part of Doug
las county. It Is said that he presented
each of Ills daughters, on their wedding
day, with ?1000, and his sons each secured
a donation claim of land. Many a time
has the writer seen the old gentleman rid
ing his "old gray mare" with sbeepskin
for a saddle.
James Ogle, who afterwards sold his
farm to John Litterel, for many years
your county surveyor, W. H. Deardorff,
whose services as a violinist were always
In demand at the country dances, and G.
W. Crusan, who was a justice of peace, all
lived further up the swale.
Jones saw mill was situated at the
mouth of a canyon, through which the
water of tho Calapooia rushed with
great speed.
James Odell made the first fanning
mills in ute In that section of the country.
Sutherlin's saw mill, which f urn shed
100 of the poles for the first telegraph
lino built In the Umpqua valley, was lo
cated still further up. A Mr. Holbrook
had the mill leased, and sawed the poles
on an order for Lord & Peters, mer
chants at Oakland.
Driver Valley.
Just over a range of hills to the north
Is located Driver valley. Samuel Driver,
who finally became blind, with his fam
ily made their home at the upper end,
while his brother, L D. Driver, and fam
ily lived near the lower end. The latter
was not noted as a minister of the gospel
to any great extent at that time, but has
been a prominent minister of the Meth
odist church for a number of years, and
Is the owner of a large farm and breeder
of pure Jersey cattle, at this place.
In my "Indian War Reminiscences" some
weeks ago, the writer said he was not
aware that at that early period of our
history, there was a "threshing ma
chine from theMississippi river to the Pa
cific coast," and while writing of the good
people of Douglas county, I am going to
call on my old-time friends, Mr. and Mrs.
R. Cockeram, whose cozy home is in this
same Driver valley, for it was Mrs. Cock
eram who recently in your columns cor
rected the statement as to the thresh
ing machine question.
Mrs. Cockeram, nee Miss Ann Harvey,
is a niece of the Halls, and I am sure
that she and her good husband "Ralph"
will recollect right well how. In the sum
mer of '55, we were all engaged In thresh
ing grain by "tramping" It out with horses
and oxen for Uncle John and George Hall.
To separate the chaff from the grain It
was necessary to stand on an elevation
and let the grain fall, when the wind
would generally do the rest.
Bachelor Creeic.
On "Bachelor creek" (a very proper
name) lived R. H. Tapp, Winslow P. Pow
ers, Charles Johnson and Keeler Farring
ton. Mr. Tapp married a daughter of
John Sutherlin, and became noted as a
tamer of wild horses; Mr. Johnson was
killed by the Indians, at the breaking out
of the Indian war of '52-5G, near "the cross
ing of Cow creek. Mr. Powers mar
ried a Miss Towers and removed to Wal
lowa county; 'Mr. Farrington married Miss
Hanna, daughter of William Hanna, sr.,
and at the age of 71 years lives at Fair
mount. F. A Cozad, sr., at one time a repre
sentative of Umpqua county, built his
home near the foot of "Ben Moore," a
mountain of considerable size, and the
old man would sometimes remark that "he
did not have sufficient level ground on
which to make a threshing floor."
A little further north was the home of
John E. Lemmon, who was a justice of
the peace for some years. The goal of his
ambition, to represent the people of our
territory in our legislature, was not
reached.
Hon. G. B. Van Riper, a son-in-law of
Mr. Cozad, lived in the same vicinity.
It is not necessary to tell the old citi
zens that the "hilly valley of the 'Ump
qua," as one .writer once termed it, was
composed of two counties, the north end,
from the summit of the Calapooia moun
tain to the Calapooia creek, being Ump
qua county, the southern part of Douglas
county.
Public Men. of the Time.
In 1S54, and how much before that time
the writer knows not, a postofflce called
Oakland was located at D. C. Under
wood's, about three miles north of the
present thriving city of that name, Mr.
Underwood being postmaster. The writer
can't recollect that the county seat of
Umpqua county was permanently estab
lished at any one place. A courthouse was
built and occupied for a season at the
then "town" of Oakland; then again the
term of circuit court, with Hon. M. P.
Deady as judge, would be held at the home
of Mr. Levins, at Elkton.
An effort was finally made to have the
north Umpqua river the south line for
Umpqua county, and making "old Oak
land," as 'it is now called but really the
new town as It then was, the' county
seat, but of course the- citizens of Doug
las county, and perhaps of Roseburg in
particular, objected to this; so It was final
ly agreed that the two counties should be
consolidated, to be divided at some future
time.
The principal attorneys at that time
were Stephen Chadwik, afterwards sec
retary of state and acting governor; Riley
E. Stratton. later jud$;e of our "judicial
district, and P. P. Prim and others. The
old familiar names of Samuel Rich, as
sheriff, and L. L. Williams, as county
clerk, recur to the writer, which offices
they filled for many years. The name of
George H. Williams, "the noblest Roman
of them all," comes up, but I am at a loss
if he was a judge or an attorney, but be
lieve he was the former.
A Historic Veddiiigr.
In the early '50s the mail "from the
states," intended for the people of the
Umpqua valley and points south, came
Into the Umpqua via Gardiner, carried
In sailing schooners "from 'Frisco, to which
place it had been brought in steamers
from Panama. The mail from the north
was carried on horseback. But if tho read
er asks, "What has that to do with the
wedding?" I will proceed by saying that on
"mail days," which at that period was
"once-in-awhile," the young people would
'palr off," and mounting each a cayuse
pony, take their way to the postofflce at
Oakland, where D. C. Underwood was P.
M. and J. P. i
A Miss K y and Mr. L. L e went to
the place mentioned one day, and Miss
K. asked for the whereabouts of "Dave,"
adding that his services were in demand,
for there "would be a wedding then and
there If somebody didn't back out." Mr.
L. sought a private interview with the
young lady, only to learn the truth of the
old adage of the female sex, and Oregon
girls in particular:
That if they will, they will, depend on't,
But If they won't, they won't, eo there's an
end on't.
Scarcely necessary to add that,
Two souls with but a single thought,
Two hearts that beat as one,
J were uT'd ere tbe setting of the sun.
Mr. L. died many years ago, and I am !
not sure Mrs. L. Is still among tho llvini
but am sure that numbers of their grand
children, who reside not far away from
Oakland, will perhaps read "the account
of their grandparents' nuptials in the col
umns of the Plnlndealer. No marriage li
cense was required In those days, neither
was it necessary to Obtain the consent of
"the old folks."
The writer recollects hearing of in
stances when. In order to secure a larger j
tract of land, sometimes a girl, scarcely
in her teens, would marry, .but would re
main at home, 'attending school, and
being tinder her parents' care, the
same as any other child, while the hus-
,band would "bach" on what would be their
future home. It was said 'at the time
that three young girls became wives whoso
united ages were less than 33 years. "Young early settlers, and, like most of the plo
America" with a vengeance. neers, have gone to the great unknown.
The writer has no dates for reference,
and depends entirely on- a not very trusty
memory for all he writes, and hopes that
proper allowance will be made for all er
rors In names and dates.
Early Merchants.
Perhaps it was about '55 that Dr. D.
HIPPALUS AND ITS
S. Baker, the first builder and owner of a
railroad on the Pacific .coast, which was
built in what is now Eastern Washing
ton, and who died a millionaire, started
a small store on the banks of the Cala
pooia creek, and built the first flouring
mill in that section. This, of course, was
called Oakland, and was such until tho
present railroad was built, when the
town was moved, to its' present location.
The site was owned by Carnick Barnet.
Jonathan Tibbitts was landlord at the
principal hotel In those days. It was
common those days for the old settlers to
have a number of daughters, as well as
sons, and "Father Tibbitts" and his good
wife were no exception. The most promi
nent of their sons-in-law is Hon. Binger
Hermann, "our Binger," if you please.
Lord & Peters, of San Francisco, Cal.,
were tho principal merchants for a long
time, and also had the postofilce. James
A Sterling, who needs no introduction
from me, was for many years their trust
ed employe, and I am sure It was "Jim
mie's" kind and genial manner and good
business qualifications that helped greatly
In the success of the enterprise. The
Lord brothers are dead, but Dr. A. V.
Peters Is still In business in our city.
Overland Stage An Anecdote.
One beautiful Sabbath afternoon, per
haps about '67, the writer with several
others congregated on the street, to note
the arrival of the stage-coach that passed
from Portland, Or., to Sacramento, Cal.
Schedule time was 100 miles each 24 hours.
As the stage drew up to the postoflico
It was noticed that two gentlemen oc
cupied the seat with the driver. One of
them was soon recognized as "Uncle Jes
se" Applegate, the "Sage of Yoncalla."
All the crowd at once recognized "Uncle
Jesse," but could not place his traveling
companion. When opportunity offered,
some one took "Uncle Jesst" aside and
asked him the name of the other person.
"Mr. Scott, editor of The Oregonlan," was
the answer. "Mr. Scott, of the Orego
nlan? How long has he been the editor
of that paper?" Drawing himself up to
his full height, the old man said: "Ever
since it has been a decent paper, sir."
Survivors of the Old Days.
I expect I could almost count on the
fingers of one hand the names of sur
vivors of yo olden days. The names I
can now recall are E. G. Young, Charles
Vail, Sol Williamson, Reason Reed,
Thomas Banks, Leonard Crow, B. and J.
Hutchinson, "Doc" Hamlin and S. Miser.
When W. O. Green and Miss Young
were married, the conundrum was asked
why they took such a step; the answer
was because one was "Young" and the
other was "Green."
In Green Valley, northwest of Oakland, I
recall the names of N. W. Allen (the In
dians, owing to his large size, called him
"Skookum"), also Mr. Walton, sire of
our J. J. Walton, ,a prominent citizen of
Lane county, and who in early times
could name all the people from Eugene
to Roseburg. Sloan's Hollow was set
tled by a family of that name, and two
of the sons are business men here.
The Rices were among the first settlers
north of Oakland. Also Nelson Price,
sr., who for some years had a country
store. Nelson Price, jr., survives and
is one of the "solid1 men of Benton
county. ,
At the south end of Yoncalla valley,
Richard Smith, father-in-law to ex-Governor
Chadwlck, also Robert Smith made
their homes. P. B. ("PItzer") Smith lo
cated near Oak Grove, and was accident
ally killed some years ago. Henry Beck
ley, state senator for Douglas county for
a number of years, and who died recent
ly, respected by all, was a pioneer of '53.
"Uncle John" Long was a whole-souled
man and was known by the travelers the
length of the road those times.
"'Twas in the merry month of May,"
ISol, when the writer drove an ox team
to the door of Hon. W. H. Wilson and
halted to Inquire the way "over the red
hills" to Messrs. Hall's. "Uncle Billy"
was the first person the writer became
acquainted with south of the Calapooia
mountains, and after so many years ac
quaintance I do not believe there is in
Oregon (or out of It) a more kind-hearted
man that W. H. Wilson. He and his
"gude wife" recently celebrated their
golden wedding, and may they see "many
happy returns of the day."
A. T. Ambrose kept the stage stand for
many years. "Uncle Jesse" Llndsey and
Charles Applegate were the first to lo
cate in that part of Oregon territory.
Robert and Thomas Cowan, Scotchmen,
helped to develop the country. The for
mer was accidentally killed while working
in tho woods many years ago. His
widow, Mrs. Caroline Cowan, at a good
old age, lives In Yoncalla.
Scott's Valley.
John Letsom, for a number of years
assessor of Umpqua county, and the
brothers, W. J. J. and John Scott, occu- (
plea tne most or bcotrs vaney, tnan i
which no better land can be found. The
two brothers "made quite a raise" in
the California mines soon after their dis
covery, and lived many years to enjoy it.
Mrs. Jane Scott, wife of the former,
lives at Creswell, where they have a com
fortable home.
A lady friend at my elbow tells It for a
fact that one of the early settlers, when
grass was more "abundant on the nu
merous hills In the Umpqua valley than
now, was the owner of a large band of
cqws,, said to be 100 In number, but since
butter could not be made unless some
labor was done, they did not have butter
for family use. "But," said the -narrator,
"we had plenty of cream."
Charles Drain and Levi Estes were also
J. R. Ellison, 76 years of age, well
known in the places named, has been an
invalid for some years; and is spending
his declining .days in the beautiful city
of Eugene. During his eventful life he
has taught school, held the -responsible
office of justice of the peace, and was a
SURROUNDINGS (Taken at the Paris
merchant for many years. I must not
forget to say that he was a "delegate to
the convention when the republican party
was formed in our state, and has always
espoused that cause.
An Old-Time Horse Race.
The old pioneers of Oregon, like other
mortals, enjoyed a little recreation occa
sionally. A considerable number of them, one
day In the early fall of 1854, met in "Whit
more's Gap" to witness a horse race be
tween "Old Dan," owned by George
Whitmore, and "Black Bird," owned by
Dave Matlock, of Lane county. Tho prin
cipal stakes were a cayuse pony, and
while the little "Black Bird" scratched
gravel for all -she -was worth, she waa de
feated, and Mr. M. did not have to drive
his pony back to "Webfoot." His sons
aro scattered promiscuously from Oregon
to Dawson City, while one of tho cabins
in which his family made their home
remains one mile south of Goshen, near
the railroad.
In the summer of '55 the Umpqua val
ley was overrun with millions of billions
of grasshoppers, that caused great de
struction of crops. They were so ravenous
that they would eat almost anything,
and while it may seem like a "yarn," It
Is a fact that at one time they began to
oat the garments off of the writer while
ho was wearing them. "Attracted by
tho color, perhaps," did I hear some one
of your many readers say? Well, that's
another story. ,
Fruits of all kinds, and apples in par
ticular, would command present Klon
dike prices, and in order to save his ex
tensive young fruit trees, of which the
every hungry hordes were very fond, eat
ing not only the leaves but the bark al
so, Fendal Sutherlin made a trip to the
Willamette valley and bought a largo
band of turkeys, driving them home. It
was rough on "Fen's truck patch" to
turn his turkeys and hogs into It, but It
saved his trees, the former catching the
pesky Insects while they were on the
wing, and tho latter taking them in the
rear at night while asleep. This we be- , weatner enecis is oi signal importance,
lieve was the beginning of the turkey In- hut Is likely to increase in significance
dustry In the Umpqua valley, which has i lf Professor Rowland has "got the hang,"
now become such a great business. as tne Phrase goes, of the earth's magnet-
The first newspaper,, so far as the writ- ' lsm- According to the dispatches from
er knows, published in the Umpqua val- 1 Johns Hopkins, Professor Rowland has
ley", was published at Scottsburg, Wll- shown that a revolving body somewhat
Ham J. Beggs, editor. It was afterwards similar to the earth develops magnetism
removed to Roseburg, and was sometimes on heing revolved, and the amount of mag
nicknamed by the other papers tho "Cab- I netism Is proportionate to the speed of the
bage Leaf," owing perhaps to its size. revolution. Of course, the problem Is at
For many years George Hinsdale was , present in the early stage of laboratory
the leading merchant at Scottsburg. experimentation, but if Professor Row
Haines & Ozouf had the only tannery land succeeds in making a demonstration
in that part of Southern Oregon, but we may bo in for another practical appll-
finally dissolved partnership, when Mr.
Haines and his two sons established
themselves in the same business, and
are surely doing well.
The writer learns Incidentally that, by
judicious management of his business af
fairs, Mr. Ozouf is enabled to keep "the
wolf from the door" and that there is no
immediate danger of his becoming a
charge on the county.
In closing this very Imperfect sketch
of a part of Umpqua valley, I will, with
the permission of the editor, give the
names, as far as possible, of all the In
dian war veterans belonging to company
uian war veterans ueionyuiB .u myy -representatives of Chicago livestock com
B Second regiment Oregon mounted vol- mlg,on flrms en route tQ the Fort Worth
untoers in the Rogue river war of o5-56. tu convention stopped off here long
and not in 'o3-o6 as your types made me fc fQrm what wJU be knQwn
say in my first letter. B company was Livestock Commission Merchants' Pro-
orsanizea m inw pmce, uut -u. -
recruits, some of them beardless boys;
others were gray-headed grandfathers.
In the list of comrades published be-
c "
low is found the name of Edmond (ge,
Early in the spring of '56 a detachment
of company B, with some other com-
pan es, was sent out on scout duty. .Not
finding any Indians, they were on the r
return, when in camp not far from their
headquarters, it was proposed to ascer-
tainwho were tho "best men then pres-
ent, and to decide the matter Mr. Gage
and another soldier asreed to a wrestling
match. "While this was in progress, with
campflres burning briskly, some Indians
slipped past the sentinels on duty, killing
one and mortally wounding the other of
the contestants. Jerry Taylor was also
shot in the shoulder, and one of the bul
lets that killed one of the boys grazed
the cheek of Lieutenant Moore. The
names of soldiers of B company, Second
regiment, O. M. v"., from Douglas coun
ty, are:
B. B. Brockway, B. Brockway, J. L.
Billleu, William Bragg, Thomas Bragg,
J. C Clark, Daniel O. Clark, Thomas
Croxton, Elijah Croxton. Thomas Coats.
John Cox, Adam Day, W. P. Day, Thomas
McGuire, J. J. McCullock, Robert Mc
Kee, H. Martingdale, John Olmstead, T.
B. Oliphant, George W. Day, W. L. Free
man, J. A. Freeman, L. B. Glllllong, Jo
seph Gage, F. J. Higglnson, Samuel Hand
1 saker, L. D. Kent, B. M. Kent, J. W.
Cullock, W. M. McCullock, Robert Phipps,
Austin Rice. Harrison Rice, P. L. Willis,
w. R. "Willis, W. E. Weekly, Albert G.
Willis.
The above names are copied from the
muster-roll of company B, and I there
find the name ofWillice, which I am
positive is an error, and have taken the
liberty of changing the same as abpve.
It Is 43 years since we old comrades
parted, many of us for the last time, and
it may be that there aro 'more than
these names above, "who at that time were I
residents or ijougias counry.
In closing this hastily written, brief
history of pioneer days in old Douglas,
of which there Is bo fairer in our glori
ous state, any errors that may appear,
and there may be many, must be charged
to the head, not the heart.
THE EARTH AS A MAGNET.
Possible Solution of an Important
Problem.
Philadelph'a Press.
The announcement that Professor Row-
pbservatory).
land, of Johns Hopkins university, is on
tho track of a solution bf tho problem of
the cause of the earth's magnetism is par
ticularly interesting. The earth, as all
know, is a huge magnet, and so is the
sun. Both are subject to certain mag
netic changes for the day, for the week,
month and over long periods, such as the
11-year sun-spot period on the sun. This
sun-spot period is coincident with a peri
odic change In magnetic activity, and this
change in the sun's magnetic field, as is
well known, InduceB certain changes In tho
magnetic flold of the earth. This inter
play of magnetic and electric stresses
across space has dazzled many men's
imaginations and has been a favorite field
for crank speculation. JCeely and men
like him loved." to tunc 'about- harnessing
the etheric waves and runn.ng the world's
industries by means of the planetary dy
namo. The first prerequisite to any utilization
of the electro-magnetic stresses that move
from sun to earth, or the harnessing of
tho earth as a great magnet, is to get
some idea as to how tho earth's mag
netism is caused and what the Influences
and their variations are, and what their
effects. Professor Frank S. Bigelow, of
the United States weather bureau, has for
years patiently worked away at this prob
lem, so far as weather effects aro con
cerned, but without very definite result.
Though seemingly profound, It is not an
abstract matter for savants to quarrel
over, but a problem of interest to every
one, since, if the rise and fall of plane
tary magnetism affects the .weather, this
in turn means a variation in the seasonal
climate, and this good or bad crops. And
on good or bad crops rest economic ques
tions that touch the pocket of all peoples
in all countries. This Is why some have
i heA amT t0 race ,the ?se and, faU In
wheat prices, financial crises and famine
ys by means of the waxing and waning
of sun spots.
Professor Bigelow's work in connecting
the magnetic disturbances on the sun with
magnetic disturbances here, and then with
cation of the knowledge. This may be in
the direction of an Increased grasp on
weather changes, or It may be In the line
of industrial dynamics. Any way, the pos
sibilities are not insignificant.
o '
UNITE AGAINST SWINDLERS
A Livestock Commission. Merchants
Protective Association Formed.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Jan. 14. In order
to secure better protection against cattle
swindlers and workers of frauds, several
tectlve Association.
For some time, and especially since the
Gillett alleged swindle, many of the Hve-
' ctnolr m(vn nf tllA cfj-iMrvnTrlc Havo Kaan
Qn latIn formi an assoclatIon t0
fc fQr each other,s mutual tection
. nQt ony svrlnmer but thoso
customers who rcfuse promptly to meet
theJr obllgatIons. At first it was thought
t) make fta Kan3as city organization,-but
later It was consldered to the qest lni
l terests of all to act jointiy with Chicago,
i Aff o lnrm ommint n.f ,iatn;i rorrir tv.o
, meetins saw the ass0ciaUon formed and
these officers were elected:
M. P. Buell, of Chicago, president; M.
D. Scuggs, of Kansas City, vice-president;
J. H. Walte, of Kansas City, secretary
and treasurer.
Twenty Chicago and Kansas City firms
were represented at the meeting.
a i
Qnarrel Over Moody's Blogrraphy.
CHICAGO, Jan. 14. The Rev. J. W.
Ohapman has resigned as vice-president
of the Moody Bible Institute as the re
sult of a controversy as to who should
write the official life of the dead evangelist
himself or Will R. Moody. Both claim
the biography Is authorized, but Mr.
Moody says he has 'the Indorsement of
the family. Dr. Chapman is pastor of the
Fourth Presbyterian church, of New York.
a
'Americana use more sugar In proportion to
population than any other nation of the world
RKINGS ON THE
RILLS
AND STREAKS,
CRATERS.
SEAS AND
The History of the Molding; Processes
Deductions From, a Recent
Photograph.
The magnificent photographs that have
been taken at the Lick and Paris, observ
atories within the last few years have
greatly aided astronomers in the interpre
tation of lunar scenery. Inasmuch as the
moon has cooled down by radiation until
it is scarcely mora than a dead stone, and
as it is thought to be practically devoid
of both air and surface water, says the
New York Tribune, Newcomb concludes
that Its appearance will remain unchanged
for ages, and that posterity wfll see it
just as man sees it today. If this be a
correct view, ample time will be afforded
for a solution of the mysteries presented
by lunar geography.
But the human mind is so constituted
that it regards these questions with Im
patience, and eagerly seeks an answer.
What -produced those long white streaks
that reach for hundreds of miles over the
moon's surface? Are those little black
clefts, or crevasses, which are less con
spicuous features but no less puzzling
than the whito markings, the results of
shrinkage of the crust, or are they Indeed
dried up water courses, as the name "rills"
(sometimes given to them) would sug
gest? Are the numerous ring-shaped moun
tains really volcanic craters, as they seem
to be? And were the vast dark areas,
bordered with high ramparts, once seas,
as tho astronomers formerly thought; or
havo they always been, as they are now,
desolate rocky plains?
In a recent number of "Knowledge" E.
Walter Maunder, formerly of the Green
wich observatory, discusses a photograph
taken by Messrs. Loewy and Pulseux, in
Paris, with the famous equatorial coude.
This plcturo includes portions of two no
table "seas" the Mare Hximorum, at the
right of the center, and the Mare Nubium,
at the left, tho two being roughly di
vided by a chain of hills. The upper
portion of the whole tract (the southern,
as seen in an inverting telescope) Is an
almost unbroken expanse of mountains. In
the Mare Nubium (at the left) one detects
remains of ancient rings; and in the bed of
tha Mare Humorum ssveral irregular
ridges, which, on closer inspection, appear
to be descending terraces from the parti
tion between the seas. Near the center
of the picture, practically parallel, and
curving slightly, are three of the so-called
"rills" or clefts. On the boundary be
tween tho seas are the ruins of an old
crater, fully one-third of whoso wall has
been obliterated, so that th. inclosure Is
really a bay of the Mare Humorum. This
Imperfect crater, Hippalus, is traversed
by one of the rills just mentioned, and
another skirts Hippalus on the left. Near
the upper part of the scene, just under
a small, isolated crater, one can percelvo
three very short rills, arranged so as to
form a capital N.
Mr. Maunder at the outset calls- atten
tion to evidence of destructive action
upon many of the craters. Two In the
Mare Nubium are either worn away,
or, as he is Inclined to think, sunk to
their very edges In what was a. flood of in
vading material, perhaps lava. The break
In Hippalus and the filling of its inclo
sure to the same level as the outside
plain he attributes to the same agency. Tha
Inference Is drawn from these facts that
the Influx of the material now constitut
ing the surface of the "seas" occurred
long after the formation of the now almost
obliterated craters.
Messrs. Loewy and Puiseux have sug
gested that the bed of the Mare Humorum,
In which, the terrace-like ridges are found,
was once at a higher level than now, and
for some reason subsided. The subsi
dence was attended. In their opinion.
with two phenomena. First, cracks or fis
sures in tho uoir3 cnist oiivtta. cov
rills ar- regarded as produats-of, this
class. Secondly, from one or more of
these crevasses it is possible that molten,
or at least viscid, matter oozed out, and
slowly flowed toward the center of the
subsiding "sea." The terraces are pro
nounced the congealed waves of fluid
matter. The relationship between the rills
and ridges is the more credible because
they are approximately circular and con
centric. Mr. Maunder accepts the reason
ing of tho French astronomers. He says:
"It appears that the basin now consti
tuting the Mare Humorum has taken its
present form by a series of subsidences.
Each subsidence was marked at its cir
cumference by a crevasse, or fault, rough
ly circular in shape; and those crevasses
which were formed earliest and nearest
the center, and which surrounded the
deepest subsidences, gave egress to the
liquid or viscid matter of the interior,
which welled up through them, filling up
the crevasses and forming ridges over
them. These outflows would become less
and less tho further the crevasse was
from the center of the subsidence, and the
less the depth to which the sinking at the
crevasse had taken place, until at length
a distance Is reached at which no filling
up of the crevasse takes place.
Mr. Maunder argues that the unfilled
crevasses, or visible "rills," are more re
cent than the seas, and tho seas are more
recent than some of tho craters which
they havo either demolished or sub
merged. However, theTO axe other large
craters in tho middle of .a sea, with their
bottoms at a much lower level than the
surrounding resion. These craters arc
pronounced more recent than the seas.
Moreover, there are craters which have
evidently arisen since the rills were
Do Not Be Deceived!
If you intend to try electricity for your
weakness or suffering, do not let unscru
pulous advertisers of whom you never
heard before, mislead you. You have
seen my advertisements for more than a
score of years on this coast; therefore
GET ONLY 1HE
ELECTRIC BELT
Its merits aro well known, backed up
as they are by thousands of genuine tes
timonials from grateful patients. My belts
are sold only under my own name and
guarantee, and are the only belts patent
ed in this country and Europe. Beware
of those offering you something "just as
good" for "less money." That's their
game "less money" to try and Unload
upon you a worthless belt.
THE NAME DR. SANDEN
Stands for unequaled electric appliances
and 30 years of experience, which you
can have to make you strong and well
again. If you wish fair dealing.
Read my "Three Classes of Men.'
DR. 'A. T. SANDEN
Russcl BIdg., Cor. Fourth and Morrison Sis.
PORTLAND, OR.
Office Hour: 0 to 9, Sundays, 0 to U
Sm:Wi COPYRIGHTED 'Z3S
formed. Careful scrutiny o tb J)I
photograph, shows-though it te
easily detected in tha reproductions wax
th tiny upHftat th eenter of th pic
tare, on. th lin of the rt wWfc 1 -tbeet
to the left, has come p tkwwHfb
and completely toteroipts ik Ok
Two sets of cntters can be observed m
the bed of the Mare Nubium. Owe to al
most annihilated, and doubtless antedates
the formation of the sea itself. TJ 5
set, including one of imraeme sw
three satellites, rises up sharply, nl la
clearly of more recent birth Chan th sea
Mr. Maunder thinks that the greater vol
canic power required to produce this Iwk
me'n&oned group Indicates that they ajr
older then the tiny crater on the ot
one of the rills. This latter fc realry Wn
tlfled with tbe geoUwcicai hiatory o Mo
other big sea. here shown. Mr. Maunder
is thus led to conclude that the Ktoro
Nubium Is much older than the Maro
Humorum. and that the small crater a
the rill is one of the most modra features
of lunar geography .
A SUIT FURNACE.
Invention of Professor Thomson, tho
Famous Electrician.
CITY OF MEXICO, Jan. 14. Professor
Ellhu Thomson, of Lynn.. Mas., the
famous electrician and inventor, n pend
ing hore, ready to issue, a patent on what
he calls tehe "sun furnace," which, he says
Is adaptable to smelting ores and gener
ates heat far Intenser than the eleetrk?
furnace. Metallurgists here say that it
is probably well adapted to glass-roalchtg.
and manufacturing carbide. The appli
cation made by Professor Thorns, te a
wide one. and after thorough study of It
at the patent office it has been granted
as a complete novelty. The inventten is
likely to interest mining men and large
smelters.
A street-car barn. 600 feet long ad 206
feet wide. Is being built In Buffalo of dis
carded street-ear rails. It being Impossible
to obtain steel within the time required.
It will have a flat roof.
DAILY METTDOUOI.OGXCAL RPOR.T.
PORTLAND. Jan. 14. & P. M. Maximum
temperature. 48; minimum temperature. 33;
river rwullctf at 11 A. 3f.. 13.8 et; eh&m to
last 24 hours. 1,6; total precipitation S T. Jf.
to S P. M.. traoe: total ;recpl from Sp
tember I. 1SW. 22.22 lnehtr iwrmai precipita
tion from Seitember 1. 1S0. 22.63; deftBtency.
,4; total sunshine January 13. 28 ntteutes; pos
sible auoeblne. 0:01.
WEATHER SJN'OPSIS.
In Washington, ami Oregon tlwro wsa only
light rain on the coet: lik Idaho there waa mod
erate rain, and heavy rate on. th northwest
ooaat of California. Aa waa aatteipatetl to
last synopels. tlie high prewttre mmwd from
California towanl the northeast, darteettng tho
low-pressure area, towarrt the aocth. ami thus
caused cleartaK and cooler weather over Wash
ington and Oregon. The fall ( In temperature
la Oreiwn hati been 8 to 10 degrees. Tata will
have an eifeet In cheeking- the rfca In tha
rivers, ao will also an expected faM In temper-
ature over Idaho. The river at Portland will
contiaue rlatogr for another 24 hours, at least,
to a maximum of about 15 feet. The river
rose more rapidly than waa expected from
the Eugene report. This to beeause the rtee
came principally from meHtwr snow In tho
Caeead. awelllntf the SaiKtaxti and South ytork.
aa la evidenced, by the higher etaes and mora
rapid rise at Albany and Salem. Reports today
at 10 A. M.. f?ava Albany 18.2 ft, a r
of 4.6: Salem, 19.S: Eugene. 17. a rise of 2.8;
Portland, 13.C, a rise of l. In 24 houm. Tho
Columbia at The Dalle shows a. rtoe of 1.4 feet
In 4S hours, which I an added reason, tor tha
rap4d local rise.
WEATHER FORECASTS.
Forecasts made at Portland for the 23 heura
ending midnight. Monday. January 18. ttflt:
Weatern Oregon and Western. WaeMnotea
Monday, probably rain in afternoon; w4nda
shifting to southeast.
Eastern Washington and orthera Hfefco
Mdoday, fair, followed by ram at night; south
erly wlnCs.
Eastern Oregon Monday, fair? awrtaerly
winds.
Southern Idaho Monday, fair; northerly
SffjvTtyiyaKvimMt rain
in artemoon; winu snirans to wwimwh a
river will rise to 13 feet m the next 24 hours.
G. N. SALISBURY. Section. IHreator.
SEW TODAY.
TRY THE OLD BOOKSTORE FOR CHEAP
books. 229 Yamhill at.
Wellington Coal.
PaclHc Coast Company. Telephone, 229.
Washington street.
240
MORTGAGE LOANS
On Improved city and farm property.
R. LIVINGSTONE. 224 Stark at.
Mortgage Loans
On Improved city and Tarm property, at lowest
current rates. Building loans. Installment
loans. Macmaster A Birrell. 311 Worcester blk.
At lowest rates on Improved city property.
The Title Guarantee & Trust Co.
Ch amber of Commerce
Honeyman & McBride
Third and Taylor Streets,
Are closing out their stock f Imported
Linens at cost. Napkins, towete, erash&s,
etc.
POULTRY
OYSTERS
FISH
The attention of the public te called, to tha
fact that we receive dally large conutgmnettte o
all kinds of tteh, oysters, euros, museelu, eMek
ewr. ducks, geeae, creamery and dairy butter.
We wholesale and retail, and solicit orders from,
the interior. Telephone Oregon 713; Colum
bia 29.
MANILA MARKET
FERRERA GROCERY CO., PwprieteM;
234 Yamhill, cor. Second.
S. L N. GILAAN, Auctioneer
Chattel aiortKasc Auction Sale oi
Elejrnnt Ilonseliolil Furniture, Car
liots, Tiaiio, Magnificent Wind
sor Folding- Ilcd.s, Etc.
Wc are Instructed to sett by pubite auction ta
foreclose chattel mortgage), on the prem
ises, at residence,
G1 THIRTEENTH STREET, NEAR JiBi
FER3QN, And also at tho "cottage" upon the same prem
ises, on
WEDNESDAY NEXT. JANUARY IT.
Commencing at 10 o'olock A. ST.. alt the ele
gant furniture and HttlngM contained hi said,
rteidencea (In lota to suit purchasers), and, in
cluding about S0O yards body Bruasela carpets;
aido hall and atah carpets; flne fanefeldt &
Notrie upright piano; desk; ttnely carved parlor
tabled. uU&ns jnd draperivti; lace curtain;, oak
rockers; leather-seat rockent; bookcases, la oak
and walnut; hall settee; handme parlor
piece , very handeome oak chiffoniers, with,
mirrors, portieres; paintings; handsome, com
plete walnut and oak bedroom suits; odd bu
reaus; dressing catmf. a large amount of bed
linen, blankets; comforter: feather pUkw9.
aUo genuine WINDSOR FOLDING BBDS. In
solid quartered oak. wKh plate mlrrorn; also
the same In flne band-polished black oak, with,
combination dressing eaee; ateo the Mme (very
elegant) In cherry tlrush; also the same, ele
gantly nntehod. In black oak, with combina
tion ETAGERE, fitted with pfate-glaaH mir
rors. We Invite particular attention to thea
Windsor folding beds. Also mantel bed, com
plete, of first quality. Odd bedsteads and bu
reaus; stands; rockers, etc.; odd waabetanda.
Altto the furniture and tltttngB of DINING
ROOM, comprising; Extension tables, of vari
ous dimensions, dining chairs; wide tablet;
linen; crockery; glassware; cutlery and pfaued
ware. Also FRENCH RANGE; refrigerator;
laundry furniture, and a long list of kitchen
utensils and articles pertaining to housekeepers.
AI the complete furnishings of the "COT
TAGE." Including the carpet, bedroom sulta
In oak and walnut. MANTEL, BEDS, bedding,
etc.. of 0 rooms. Terms cash.
S. L. N. OILMAN". Aaetfcmeer.
N. B. We Invite the particular attention o
buyers to this extensive sale of line tarattnre.
aftordlng as It does an opportunity seldom pre
sented. Sale commences on WEDNESDAX
NEXT. JAN. 17, AT 18 A. ii
M.u-&