"-33Sh. 7
V ', -H ?
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JANUARY 15, 1900.
10
HOW TO STUDY A
(Copyright, 1S3, by
THEORfcGONIAN'S H OME STUDY CI RCLET
POPULAR STUDIES
... . . . vT-rri- a rT 1
ilN bnANCornAKC. j
j
Centributers t"thls course: Dr. Edward Dow- J
den. Dr. Wttttam J. Rolfe, Dr. Hamilton W. j
MaMe, Dr. .AHwrt S. Cook. Dr. Hiram croon,
Dr. 3saec X. Demmon, Dr. lda. X. fccuaocr
&n4ttter8.
CORIOLAAUS.
Ilovr to Stndy the Play.
By William Peters Reeve.
Somewhere in his "Table Talk" Hazlitt
said that literary criticism changes as !
much in its methods as In the nature of
the results sought for. Shakespearean
criticism since Hazlitt's time bears out
the general truth of Hazlitt's observation
even better perhaps than he could have
guessed. In approaching any one of
Shakespeare's plays today one is beset
by the array of commentators (represent
ing many methods and purposes of study.
In the midst of authorities the student
ilnds relief In turning to the play itself
and In reading it as a piece of literature
the subject matter of which Is his chief
concern. When s. new novel comes out
It Is more likely to hold our attention
by tho action of the story, by the play
of manners, of human nature, or per
haps by the underlying Idea of the book
virtue rewarded, Injustice overcome,
truth triumphant or Jealousy self-condemned.
To the reader of literature, as
distinguished from the student of litera
ture, the simpler interest of the matter
or underlying idea of a play will appeal
mare strongly than a historical or an
alytical or critical study of the book
picked up for recreation or amusement.
It might, of course, be urged that the
great writers have composed their works
primarily for readers of this type. As
readers, then, with some leisure, willing
to be interested or amused or diverted
from the ordinary affairs of life as read
ers we should begin our acquaintance
with such a play as "Coriolanus."
Fortunately for us, the difficulties in
the way of reading a play of Shakes
peare's 100 years ago have been practi
cally cleared away. The text, at that
time more or less uncertain, has- been
fairly well fixed; not that the text of to
day is the same as that printed in Shakes
peare's time absolute faithfulness in this
respect would be intolerable to the aver
age reader but that the reading of the
lines has heen generally decided upon.
The text of "'Coriolanus" is perhaps less
satisfactory than that of other plays
originally in the quarto editions; "Cor
iolanus" was not printed until 1G23 in the
first folio, while we may fairly assume
that the play was written some 14 years
earlier. The unsatisfactory character of ,
the text is doubtless due to Imperfect copy
from which the play was printed in the
first folio. The editor of the second folio
OC32) made many changes in the text
double negatives and double compara
tives, common in Elizabeth's time, were
changed to fit the more logical, if less
historical, grammar of modern English.
Words that scorned obsolescent to the
editor of the second folio were changed
to commoner forms. The 15 plays, more
over, that had already appeared in quar-
to form had heen so altered in various I
editions as to add to the" confusion of
the text It Is not surprising that Ma
lone, one of the greatest editors of
Shakespeare, in his variorum edition.
aimed to do little more than establish
the text. In his preface Malone says that
the two great duties of an editor are to i
exhibit the genuine text of his author and
to explain his obscurities. To Malone and
his indefatigable followers we are in
debted for the clear text that may now
he had almost for the asking.
On oneninc: 4Coriolanu3" one sees that
the characters are Roman; one recalls
otheir Roman characters in "Julius Cae- I
and in "Antony and Cleopatra."
These three plays naturally fall together
in the character of .the matter involved.
Moreover, they are all three tragedies.
After reading the Roman historical plays,
the student will find it interesting to
compare the motives of the three, and
in doing so the marked individuality of
''Coriolanus" comes out even more
strongly than in the first reading.
It is well. In talcing up a play, to no
tice the first Impression given us of the
chief character. If it is of such a nature
as to excite opposition, the impression
may be so strong as to prevent that sym
pathy with the leading characters which
is so necessary to the force of tragedy.
In "Coiriolanus," unless the reader is
forewarned, such an impression might
he made in this country, at any rate.
In the beginning of the first scene Calus J
Marclus, later Coriolanus, is spoken of J
uy discontented citizens as a "chief en- J Fortunately, it is "one druggist who
emy to the people." "he's a very dog to j spc-aW; for, dear reader, do not think
the commonalty," "let's kill him and for a minute that this one drugg'-st olccs
we'll have corn at any price." Marcius. j the opinion of the rest of the drug fra
when he appears before the citizens in ternity. No Ube to call one another
the same scene (line 167), leaves no doubt j
Jn our minds regarding his opinion of the ,
people not as individuals, it should be
observed, hut as a crowd, a mob. Read
also carefully lines 172-1S4. From these
and the rest of the scene it is evident
that Marclus is not on the side of the
gossips or the demagogues. His opposl
tion to the people, as a crowd, a mob. is
quite evident in his invectives. Yet the '
r"1 ' " " m- ,1ir,.-,. .,--
VENVS
AND ADONIS
Viliamiretarvulgm:mihijlauu$'i4pollo
Pocida Caftalkplenamirufiretaun.
w3
LONDON
Imprintedby Richard Field., and are to be fold at
theiigne or the white Greyhound in -Paules
Church-yard.
L.
SHAKESPEARE PLAY.
Seymeur Eaton.)
DIRECTED BY PROFfSEYMOUR EATON
very Intensity of his opposition chal
lenges 'our interest; we wonder what his
-"& " ""
point of view can be, and the reasons
for it.
In striking contrast to the relations be-
tween M rclus and the people appear
the relations between Marclus and the
senate. When war with the "Volscians
if! Tinnniinrvrl nlmnsf fhf first Inoulrv Is
j for Marclus. We are made better friends t
witn .Marclus by ms answer to uomimus.
who Is to lead the Roman forces against .
Com. It is your former promise.
Mar. Sir, it is; and I am constant.
As they go off, Comlnlus adds: "Noble
aiarclus!'
By faithfulness to his friends, and in '
spite of his opposition to the people. Mar- j
cius now starts our sympathy, and the
TO THE RIGHT
HenrieWriothefleyjEarleoFSouthamptonj
and Baron ofTitchfield.
Ight Honourable, I know 7iotlcw I shall offend in
dedicating my vnpolisbt lines toyourLordshipjior '
T
b Vr AoAiritivr rnv rrjflD,
how the mrlde
(imin aproppe to
WJjonclye if year Honour feeme but plcafed, Ice- J
, v frlfc hio-hlt traiCed.
idlehouresillllMttehonouredyouwithfanegramlaboB
ifihefirBheireofmjimientionprottedeformcdJfhatlbefcricft
hadfo noble agod-father : and mm aftercare fo barren a land,
forfearcityceldmepdfobadaharuefilleaiiUttoyoiirHDnG
rablefurueyndyour Honor to jour hearts cotJtent,tovbicbJmjh
may ahvaiesanfvvercyour wvrzcvwfl, and the worlds hops
full expectation.
Your Honors in all dati,
William Shakcfpcarc
(Shakespeare's earliest printed work, the title of which is reproduced below, was Introduced to
the public by the above most interesting dedication.)
play is fairly begun. Upon the return of
Coriolanus to Rome, his name is men
tioned for the consulship. In the capltol
and before the senators Coriolanus Is
praised for his valor and patriotism. The
second act ends with a movement of the
citizens in opposition to Coriolanus' elec
tion as consul. In the third act, lines G5
74 are noteworthy as showing the issue
between Coriolanus and the people to
be squarely drawn. In his reasons (lines
120-133). and in his Impetuous speech that
follows, Coriolanus forces the issue with
the tribunes. No longer addressed as
Coriolanus, he is ordered seized and cast
from the Tarpelan rock. The less tragic
fate of banishment, however, saves Cor
iolanus for the rest of the play. In spite
family and friends, Coriolanus, in his
banishment, looks up his old enemy. Yv.
are prepared for. Coriolanus' change of
front in scene iv, lines 12-26. By the in
tercession of the women in act "V, Corio
lanus pride is broken; he and Aufidius
spare Rome. But his mercy is his undoing,
and he finally falls victim to the old
hatred and jealousy of Aufidius.
Thc ch3e difficulty In the study
of "Co
riolanus" lies in the mixed motives of
the chief actors. Only in the cases of tho
two tribune?. S.clnius and Brutus, and of
the mother and wife of Coriolanus do we
find simplicity of motive consistently ex
pressed; and in Volumnia to be contrasted
with Vlrgilia It is true there is much of
the so-called femininely var.able. Corio
lanus and Aufidius show their real chai
acters only after several readings.
b)t4cW
State University of Iowa.
Licenses for Urns Stores.
PORTLAND, Jan. 14. (To the Editor.)
names, and in so doing lose sight of the
point at issue. I have met gentlemen In
v. oM n,,,, i.ot-o v.. .i,;-Q in.
tegrfry and :ntelllSen-e I had more r--
ir.irri than Fmr.e church members and ,li-
cons this one druggist, as instances, raen-
tlons.
These two or three durglsts, who with
large window displays of liquors at ".-ale"
and "cut-rate" prices under?old the "ie-
Wg
V
'
gitlmate" retail liquor dealers, woul'd like
to see a license to druggists enforced, for
th'ev very well know that only a very
j few of them would be able to stand an
! additional expense of -S4G0 per year. The
! other druggists would simply have to quit
keeping liquor, and the two or three would
' continue to sell druggets' liquor for the
whole city at "cut-rate" prices. The liquor
license for all druggists wou:a caiwzquein
ly -only favor the few department-atore
cut-rate druggist" who caused the trouble.
In the first place.
Therefore let the license committee make
an ordinance wherewith they can protect
the interests of the saloonkeepers by pro
hibiting the drggt-ts to display or In any
way adverticicj' or offer for tale spirituous
liquors
T. WI6MAN.
TF1R "BATTLE AT DUNDEE
An
Account oC It
Sources."
From Eoer
From the Joliaiusssburs Standard and Diggers
News, November 4.
About 3 o'clock In the morning we stocd
HONORABLE
will cenCureineeforchoofingfo
import Co wsake a burthen, J
and vcwe to take adaantavc of all
behind the hills which surrounded Dun
dee, about 1503 yards from them. Wc could
plainly discern them in the dark and
cloudy morning. Wc halted, and an ad
vance guard was sent out. They had no
sooner reached the foot of the hill than
they were fired upon cher-r-r-r-r It went
and the battle was commenced.
We got orders to take possession of tho
hills, and the clatter of horses' hoofs re
sounded over the veldt. The spectacle
was grand. No one knew what was await
ing us, but on and on we ruehed, with
our horses already tired, having been the
whole night under saddle. SoGn we were
in possession, the English watch having
retieated to their camp. We had posses
sion of the whole range of hills lying
south of Dundee, with the forts and
camp about 3000 yards from -us, and the
town itself about 1030 nearer and some
what to the left. The English woke to
find us covering them with our cannon.
We had just time to take a look at our
surroundings when the boom of our big
guns announced that the battle of Fri
day morning had recommenced In down
right earnest. This was immediately re
plied to by -the English fort, and the can
nonade did not break off for three min
utes at a time' for 11 hours, but increased
as the day advanced. You can form no
better idea of what this meant than if
you imagine a thunder storm lasting for
that length ?of time without ceasing. We
who have survived that battle have much
to be thankful for, for it was like walking
in a hail storm without being struck,
which is Itself a miracle. From the kopje
on which was the English fort the firing
was deafening.
The first ehots of the cannon from the
English fell about 500 yards short, but
they soon got the range, and I must say
they shot well. Every shot theyflred fell
among our people, but God seemed to pro
tect us. I was on a kopje a few hundred
yards away from the British position, so
I commanded a good view of all that tools
place. By and by we raw the whole val
ley down below alive w th English troops,
and this was difficult to do, as everything
that could be of the khaki color was made
so. Just then a Maxim was trained on
thorn from our kopje, and they turned anil
I fled before it. It was well served, and
p aJ'p, With d?dly fL' J01" "ecoul,vl ,
i?iannj Je wiieie inu uuneis iuii. ai-
"fou?h they 'yere, out f r of our
-". ""' iuij.i. cohuhucu 10 isuooi as.
them
Wc do not much care fcr a cannonade
such as we had; but tho enemy fear our
cannon more than we do theirs. They
seem, too, to have an innate fear of Mau
sers, for they are careful to keep cut of
range. I only fired a matter of nine shots.
We hoped, but in vain, that they would
try azd lush for cur Iccnie.
By this time our cannon had played
havoc with the fort, and their only chance
of saving it from destruction was by ad
vancing on us. Their cavalry charged
from the &prult to the gaiden, but so ef
fective was our firing that they 'sought
refuge in the wood. ,
Now we began to experience the effort
of their cannon fire. They fired on us
from every position, and every descrip
tion of shot and shell, Including lyddite,
literally rained on us. So heavy -sas the
firing that by 7 or 8 o'clock we could
barely see each other through the smoke.
A pause of about three minutes gave us
time to think. Wo had about S00 men on
the kopje, and for 11 hours the .English
fought hard to dislodge us. but without
effect. Our men fought well. Had the
English gained the position, it would have
been all up with us, for then they would
have been able to play on us with deadly
effect with their guns.
Then they stormed the kopje, and our
men fought the enemy at short range,
about 20 pr CO yards apart. Their loss was
terrible, and after vainly trying to force
us back they retreated. They then came
through a poort close to our position, and
some of our men were dispatched to In
tercept them. Eighty of our men "drove
them back with their Maxims and cannon
and recaptured 13 of our men who hail
been taken prisoners. They were driven
from their position into a kloof, where
200 of them were captured, with horses
and everything.
At the storming of the kopje, the Eng
lish on three occasions raised the white
flag, but no notice was talten of it by the
men who were firing, as there wad no offi
cer or person In command to "do so.
At 4 o'clock we retreated toward the
Transvaal, as we deemed this the safest
course to take. As we went we still heaid
the roar of the cannon. We took this to
be Commandant Trlchardt's commando.
who we expected would eo-opero,to, wjthj,
us. uur loss nas oeen ncavy, out coum
have been greater, 75 of our men being
killed and wounded.
e
Tit for Tat.
Puck.
First little Girl I'm never going to speak
to you again: your father keeps a saloon.
Second little girl And I'm not going to
speak to you any more; I saw your father
go into It.
IMPROVEMENT IN SOUTH
MODERN METHODS APPLIED TO ITS
RAILROADING.
Progressive Current Carried to the
Cities r.nd Prom Them Rndlnted
Through the Country.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 10. (Special Cor
respondence.) Every trip that I make
into the Southern states impresses me
more deeply with the tact that the re
juvenating influence 'in that bection is
bearing good fruit and that there is a
New South, Indeed. The great improve
ment that has been made in the last few
years with regard to rallioad traffic and
travel is one of the most noticeable fea
tures of improvement. White this has
been due very largely to the increased
business, and to the demand that has
been made for better facilities for trans
portation, It is also due to tho fact that
the men who have got control of the
railroads In the South have appreciated
the fact that the introduction of North
ern railroad methods, keeping pace
with the Improvements that have been '
made in railroading throughout the eth
er portions of the United States, are equal- I
ly boneflclal to the companies in the !
South as elsewhere. A great deal of this
has been due to the fact that the South
ern railway, controlled largely by North
ern capital, has been doing a magnificent
work in the South. The Southern railway
reaches nearly every Important point in
the Southern states. It is a mani.iccnt
system, under splendid .management. It
devotes itself to' improving its roadbed,
its rolling stock and its passenger service
especially. Travelers in the Sou' hern
states now receive the same accommo
dations in the matter of railway comforts
that they do in other sections.
Going; to Winter Reports.
Probably one reason why the railroads
of the South have found it necessary to
increase the comforts for their passen
gers Is due to the fact that so many
Northern people of wealth patronize these
roads in goin.T to winter resorts in the
Southern states. These resorts have be
come a feature of Southern life and busi
ness. Tho result h that in many places
all over the South good towns have
sprung up around places that have won a
reputation for being extremely heahhful,
and when people are wearied with business
and a few months of a gay social life in
the cities of the North, they seek recuper
ation during" the latter days of the win
ter and the early days of spring. Thus
it Is that the names of Summrville. S. C
Thomasville, Ga.," Asheville. N.C, Hunts
ville. Ala., St. 'Augustine, Fla., and
in fact a dozen or more of oth
er places In these states have be
come winter resorts where large hotels
are located, and where gay and fashion
able people of wealth assemble every win
ter and spring to enjoy the balmy atmos
phere and to regain the health that has
been lost in the rushing business centers
of the Northern cities.
Xevr LiJe nt Charleston.
In the building up of the New South, it
has been known that Atlanta, Ga., has
taken the lead, followed by Knoxville and
Chattanooga, Tenn., and some other cities
of less Importance. The last city which
seems to have taken on new life and en
tered upon the new era of progress in the
South is Charleston, S. C. This Is a fa
mous old 'town, historic in the Revolution.
historic as the home and birthplace of
states' rights, the birthplace of the re
bellion and as the city where lingered
longest the germs of hatred against the
Union and Northern oeople. My be
lief, from personal contact and investiga
tion, is that nearly all of this feeling
has died away; that the element which
now controls the city of Charleston, and
which is looking after Its material prog
ress and advancement has accepted with
out reservation all the facts and respon
sibilities imposed by the results of the
war, and although somewhat late, the city
is destined to take an advanced position
and share in the prosperity which Is now
sweeping over the United States. They
will tell you In Charleston that only a
year or so ago the entire street-car sys
tem was conducted by mule power. Elec
tric wires and electric lights were un
known. Gas, which had succeeded the
coal oil lamp and tallow dip, was good
enough for Charleston for a great many
years. Nov,' the electric spark, which has
kindled the fire of progress In many an
other section, is making itself felt in
Charleston, and It has an admirable sys
tem of electric street railways and elec
tric lighting facilities, all of which gives
the city an air of progress that It long
lacked.
3Jy the Open Sen.
Charleston was for many years the
principal, port of the Southern states, r.c.ct
to New Orleans. Rivals have grown up
since in Norfolk, Va,, Wilmington, N. C,
Savannah, Ga., and Tampa, Fla., while
other points along the Atlantic coast have
been struggling for a place as the ports
for headquarters of the Immense coast
wise and transatlantic carrying trade.
Charleston possesses u beautiful harbor,
and, through improvrments made by the
United States government, vessels of 2J
feet draft pas over the b.tr without dan
ger or difficulty. To keep abreast w.th
the times, 23 and finally L0 fct of water
will bo necessary, and Charleston wi !
probably get It with other ports along
the Atlantic coast. An Immerse j;.-lty
system has been built, and It will prob
ably be continued until there Is no trou
ble at the entrance to the harbor. The
facilities for. docks and wharves are hu
good that Charleston shou.d become on
of the greatest pjrts for that .sect.on o.
the South.
Defensf'H of the Harbor.
The fact that the fust gun ol the Re
bellion was lir.d at Charleston makes ti.e
present system of fortifications especial y
Interesting, and a cruise about the harbor
shows that the United States government
has taken every precaution to defend' tho
city of Charlc-oton, and that no foreign
hostile fleet could enter that harbor. It
would be impossible for it to lay outs'di
In the ocean and shell the town without
being within range of the splendid guns
of the fortifications. Far inside of the
present bar stands the old Fort Sumter,
as grim and determined-looking a3 it was
40 years ago, when it first stood the as
sault of the Confederate forces. Far
across the harbor there are other fortifi
cations and forts equipped with mur
tar3 and disappearing guns and heavy
rifles. All along Sullivan s Island, which
faces the entrance to the harbor, are bat
teries and earthworks which are cons'd
ered by the best engineers as impregna
ble. Out past the bar are more batteries,
which could sweep the ocean for ml'cs
outside the entrance. Nothing has been
left undone by the erglneers who have
charge of the defenses of the United
States to make Charleston harbor as safe
as any other port on the Atlantic coast.
WaJdng Up the Business.
In making itself a port of importance on
the Atlantic coast Charleston Is develop
ing a large wholesale business which ex
tends to all the surrounding country and
takes In every large section of South
Carolina, as well as other states. In
building up this kind of business the
shipping facilities, together with the rail
roads which penetrate the adjacent coun
try, are very important features. It U
g-ather surprising that, In view of the fact
that South Carolina has been such a
great cotton-producing state, that It has
not developed cotton factories to a greater
extent. But I was informed that this was
also being locked after, and prophecies
were freely made that within the next 10
years the state of South Carolina wou'd
manufacture nearly all the cotton pro
duced, and that Charleston would become
a manufacturing point of great import
ance. The trend of business developed
was shown in the fact that a large num-
uer of citizens are very much in favor of
the expansion policy which has been
adopted by the United States. They are
also anxious to see the Nicaragua canal
constructed, and look forward to the time
when Charleston will manufacture large
quantities of cotton goods, the cotton be
ing raised in the surrounding country, ana
shipped by steamers leaving Charleston ,
wharves, sai.ing through the isthmian t vate residences, and considerable bitter
canal, and landing their goods at Manila I ness has been engendered by these raids,
or other points in the Philippines, as well j until finally the present governor ha3 Is
as in the great ports of China and Japan. sued an order directing that such raids
It seems that this idea does not take shall discontinue, and the houses of prorni
hold very readily, but It is gaining ground, j nent men in business or private life sha'l
and In spite of considerable opposition ' not be considered as half-way nouses or
men are looking forward to the Increasad I the "blind pigs" and "tigers" that arc;
prosperity and buRinrra cf the South, ! operated in South Carolina,
based upon the be'.Icf that present poll- But whatever may have been the laws
cles of the government will assist In j and customs or what they may be now, or
building It up. .
A Protected Jndnstry.
Senator Tillman, at Scuth Carolina, says '
that
hat his state hers at yast one protected
industry, and he claims credit for having
secured that protection. T.l.man is rot u
nrntoct'nnl5f Villi- hp hurt .ilvravs dPlfircJ
. wv.v... ...w.f . . ,
that if protection was ring around, or U
benefits were being dealt out, he war.t:xl
to get his share for South Carolina. When
the w:.r revenue bi.l was under cons.dcr-
alion, Senator Tillman effertd an amend-
...... ...... - .. .... ,
nient. which was acrod to with l.ttlc or
no oppctlticn, placing a tax of 10 cents
a pound on tea. Of ccun e, this wa ac
cepted as a method of ra.sing money fcr
carrying on the Spanish war, tut the sen
timent had grown up in favor of this piop
ooltion because cf the .mmense qutnthies
of very cheap teas which were Lcing 1m
p:rt a l-i o t. c U it. 1 S a c . TI..rr.a-i wtu
prompted to brirg this about by the
fact that South Carolina was producing
tea, and, in fact, it is the only stale th.it
has made anything like a succo-sful at
tempt in this d rection. Near Sumrr.ervi.ie,
Dr. Charles N. Shepard has been conduct
ing for the past 10 years a tea farm, and
it has r;rown tj such an extent that the
farm ls-at year . produced 30,000 pounds.
:mmtrinu is nractically a suburb of
r.hfir'pcttnn fn(i ?e fh rPsMpnpo of ji inr-'ft
number of people who do business In
Charleston, and go in and out every day, a
distance of about 22 miles. In this way the
tea farm has become quite well known to
Chaxleston people and to ether people m
the vicinity, but outsiders have scarce'y j
known that such a thing wais la opeiation.
The product being so small compared to
the amount cf tea consumed, and the fact
that it had never been tuccescful hereto
fore, or, perhaps, never tried before,
seemed to indicate ., that it was merely a
fad and nothing more. But en the farm
of Dr. Shepard I saw tea plir.ts growing
everywhere, also the factorks where th
everywhere, also the factorks where ua teaching as assistants. In order to show
tea is cured and put up for shipment, the rise in the salaries of principal teach
I also listened to a very intelligent talk ers a comparison must be made between
by Dr. Shepard ao to the methods employed
by him in growing the tea, and teamed
now he had gathered all possible Informa
tion from tea-growing countries of the
world, ais to the best method of cultiva
tion and curing It for the market. It has
been a struggle, but he now believes that
he Is on the high road to success, and
that with the example which he has given
the people of South Carolina, that not oniy
that state, but other Southern states, will
engage largely in the tea culture.
PobIble on the Pacific Const.
I asked Dr. Shepard If h's Investigations
had shown him that tho tea could be
grown successfully In Oregon or Wash
ing or other points on the Pacific coast
which are well adapted to fruits which
need mild climatefc. He responded that
California was scarcely the place for tea
growing because of the lack of water in
these mild cl.matea whore it would be a
success. In Oregon, however, he thought
it might be made profitable. As to Ore
gon and Washington, he said that his in
formation was somewhat limited, but he
believed that in the valleys where mild
weather prevailed to a great extent, that
it could be made a successful crop if It
were not for the fact that the land was
probably more valuable fcr other purposes.
Cold weather ait times does not Injure
the tea plants, and while an orange crop
In Florida can be completely destroyed by
the heavy frost, the hard winter of 1S2S
99 did not affect the tea crop en Dr.
Shepard's farm. Even while I was there
the tea plants were covered with snow and
ice, the result of a recent fall in the ther
mometer which had given that part of
South Carolina a heavy snow for the first
time In many years. No apprehension was
felt regarding the effect upon the tca
growlng industry.
Xortliern Blood and Money.
What Charleston and South Carolina
need is an infusion of Northern blood and
money. This is not In any criticism of
the people who are already there, but
every Southern state has felt the effect
of Immigration from Northern states, es
pecially when the immigrants are men
seeking business and wLIlng to invest In
propositions which promise a development
of a paying character. I was to'.d that In
1S&0 the census showed that only 17.CO0
people in South Carolina were born out
side of the state. The census of 1C00
showed the number to be 23,(00. a large in
crease in percentage, but yet not large
enough to show that the state has been at
tracting the peop.e from outside. In find
ing a number of healthful summer resorts
in establishing cotton manufactories,
wholesale houses, and electric city and
suburban railways, no doubt the last 10
years have shown an Influx of Northern
peopie and r,ortnern capital wnicn wui ua
greatly augmented during the hext 30
years. At last the people of South Caro
lina hope fo. and they even hope the tea
industry may te a permanent factor In the
future pt ogress of the state.
I.civi nmi CwstoniN.
It is not my intention to criticise tho
laws cf South Carolina or the policies
which have controlled in the past ana
present: but there is a possibility tbat
.some apprehension has been felt regarding
the treatment of rr.cr and capital who may
seek homes and Investments in the state.
Perhaps in the past some insecurity was
felt regarding the preservation of property
lights on account of the very large r.c,'ri
population. It uprsa-s now that th:a
feature in sctUcd. and that whatever Im
provement and changes in th" future t":e
white property-owners and residents will
no do-.:bt control the politics of the sta:e.
Whether the present policies inaugurated
by Tillman as governor, and carried ou:
by tho men since elected will be for tne
best interests of the state is a iprob'em.
There is no doubt that many reforms
have been Inaugurated, but it Is question
ab'e If some steps have not been altogether
too radical. The dispensary law regard
ing the sale of liquors Is one of the ques
tions whose success is undetermined. It
Is doubtful whether the state should be
come a liquor dealer, as Is now the cass
In South Carolina. To thee who have
seen the success of the high license In tne
control of the liquor traffic, as against the
nor.succcss of prohibition, it would ccm
that high license would be much better
than the dispensary law. The dispensary
lav,', like prohibition, creates large num
bers of "blind pigs," "blind tigers," and
other similar places where liquor is sold
in violation of the law. All of these re
sorts are necessarily of a character much
worse than those operated and controllea
by a rrstcm of license.
Fcellnpr Ag;nln(t tlie Dispensary.
There is a very bitter feeling existing
In Chaileston against the dispensary law,
although I heard several citizens say that
thpy would never again be in favor cf
the open barroom, and its abolition is the
one feature of the d'spensary law which
they approved, so that the liquor sold
could not be also consumed on tha prem
ises. The feeling against the tMsnensaTj
!aw Is shown In the fact that many men
who use liquors and wines will not pat
ronize the state institutions, but unCer
the interstate commerce law, which al
lows the shipment of goods In orlglna:
packages, to any person, buy their wlnea
and liquors outside, and have them
shipped to their homes. At a barquet
tendered the Gridiron Club, of Washing
ton, by the citizens of Charleston, it was
necessary to ship the wines used on the
table in single case3 to various residents
of Charleston, and then bring them to the
hotel shortly before they were served. In
fact, the dispensary officers, knowing that
a banquet was to be given, Taldcd the
"Commercial Club" in the hotel, and
seized whet liquor was to be found, in
cluding a case of wine. They suppose:
that the wine for the banquet would pron
ably be stored somewhere in the hotel. It
was said by Charleston people, however,
that the wine, having come as privazt
property of private individuals, it cou:u
not be seized under the dispensary law. It
has been a custom sometimes to raid pri-
iray be in tne future, there Is a grand
i work going op In Charleston lor a big city
or commercial importance, and for the-
progress of the city unequaled
in lt3 past
history. The people are congenial and
companionable, and are developing tho.
wideawake ideas which mean sucr-ess.
-, ,.Mt.. !. ,-llT l.t i, L
:ul"tuu"" LiiC uiim.-un.es wmen tney
f have had to encounter, they bosin to sc
the light of a new dawn. And It is my
prediction that In the first 10 years of the
20th certury, in Charleston, this section
. ,, o..u ...in 1-...... .. ...
"l " f "Ul" ,' '' lw !
habitation of the Southern ?tf
ith the re-
tates. which
has been so apparent and which cannot
but make of South Carolina and adjacent
states a mest important factor in the
commercial, industrial anil agricultural de
velopment cf the United States.
ARTHUR. W. DUNN.
ENGLISH SCHOOL TEACHERS
Their SalttrJes II-tc Grndnrill- In
creased in rm:t Thirty Years.
London Telegraph.
Salaries amor masters In. elementary
schoo's are gradually rising, and are ap
proaching the standard which a curate
hopes to attain In tHe church. Accord-
ing to the report of the committee
councit on education, tho average salary
of a cer'ifica'ed master, which is 1S70 was
94 2s Id, is now 124 4s lid: that of a
schoolmistress wvz 57 lis Id in 1S70. and
is now S: Is Id. In addition to their
other emoluments. C014 out of 22.545 mas
ters and 1494 out of S5.336 mistresses are
provided with residences free of rent.
But these figures hardly show the augu
mentntion which has really taken place,
because while in 1S70 nearly all the cer
tificated teachers were then in charge of
schools, about half of them are now
teaching as assistants. In order to show
the salaries of all certificated teachers In
say 1S71, with principal teachers only
In 1?9S.
Thus, from 1C6 ISs 4d In the first-mentioned
year, the average salary of a cer
tificated master has risen to 142 0s 7dr
an Increase of 32.7 per cent in 24 years;
and the 63 12s Sd. the average salary of
a certificated mistress in 1S74. has risen
to 01 los, an Increase of 41.4 per cent.
Ilia Story oC the Xcsro Corpornl.
General Lawton never wearied of re
peating the following story, which, he
said, Illustrated the Irrepressible good hu
mor of the negro soldier:
"The night of the El Caney afTair." said
the general, "when my division was
marching back to E! Paso to take tip a
new position the next morning, I was
sitting with Major G. Crelghton Webb
inspector-general of my staff, and one of
the pluckiest men I know, at the side of
the road. My men were filing past, and
we watched them. They were tired out,
but full of ginger. The day was just be
ginning to dawn when we heard some one
coming down the road, talking at the top
of his lungs. He talked and laughed and
lnughed and talked, and the men with
him were chatting and joking
" 'Here come the colored troops,' said
Webb, and sure enough the Twenty-fifth
infantry came along. The man who was
doing the talking was a six-foot corporal:
he carried two guns and two cartridge
belts loaded full, and the man to whom
the extra gun and belt belonged was limp
ing along beside him. The tall corporal
was weighted down with his blanket and
haversack, but in his arms he carried a
dog, the mascot of his company.
" 'Here, corporal, said Webb, 'didn't
you march all last night?
" 'Yes, sir," said the corporal, trying to
salute.
" 'And didn't you fight all day?'
" 'Sure, sir.'
" 'And haven't you been marching ever
since 10 o'clock tonight?'
" 'Yes. sir,' said the corporal.
" 'Well, then.' shouted Webb, 'what In
thunder are you carrying that dog for?'
" 'Why, boss, the dog's tired.' was the
reply.
"Webb just rolled over In the dirt and
laughed and cried like a boy."
Dreamt.
Brooklyn Life.
Mr. Trucker I think I shall give up my
buslness. my dear. I might as well have
some good out of my money.
Mrs. Trucker Oh. not yet, Samuel! But
when one of us dies. I shall slve up house-
leaping and see a little of the world.
T
35csrrn
w
a u st h n
j &vin3 'J IS' c u k
7or lafants and Chiltlreii.
Ita s& Ybh Have Always Bought
Bears tho
Si:i2.t.u7C ci"
MO PAIN! NO GAS!
sMrv
giifi
aW
&!
XJZSlad
No charge for painless extraction when
teeth are ordered. All work done by
crrirliinia. dentists of 12 to 20 years' ex-
i porience; a specialist in each department.
Wc Will tell you. in auvuiiue edacity vmu.1
vour work-wiircos't by a free exam nation.
Give us a call, and you will find we do
exactly as we advertise.
Set of Teetb. . .'
$3.00
$1.00
S5.00-
.50
Gold FilllaKT
Gold Crown . . .
Silver Flllins ..
NO PLATES
K&mj
All work examined by profe-sionai man
ager. Dr. J. S. Walter, registered dentist.
New York Dental Parlors
N. F. Cor. Fourth and Jlorrlssa S:re:ts
Lady always In attendance.
Hours. I to 8. Sundays. 10 to 4.
3fflWasliii3g Powder
a&M W&ft &.
Kl V27fflltyh
1 jS&s
SB
mSH& HisOMrfL. em$-
'xLAZZ-iOyz stva ''K--rS'AJP'Sr- aAai2sSS
UtrV&fiWj:; TU& Rcf
THE PALATIAL
0REG0N1AW BUB
(fflniHsl
Jpili If ffMll-i
Xot it t:ar!c office In the bnllilluffl
absolutely fireproof; electric Jlshti
and arte.nian water t perfect sanita
tion and tZsurtinjcli ventilation. Ile
valors ran tlaj- and nlfcliU
Itoom.
AERAMS. W R.. Cashier Mutual LIfa 409
ANDEK"ON. GUSTAV. Aerney-at-Law 5U
ASSOCIATED PRC3S; E. L. Powell. Mg: ...,J
BCKKRS- LIFE. VSSOCIATION'. at Des
llolnet. la.: C. A. McCargar. State Asenu.Z 2 3
BKUNTCBL H. W.. I In. Iaraia Shorthand
School :u
BEXJ.UIl?:. R. V.. DntUt ....3H
BiXSU AXGSK. T'il O. S.. Phys.'& Sur .411-413
BRUERE. DR. G. E.. Physician 4U-413-414
BCSTEED. RICHARD. Flu Tobacco. . Bo-003
CAUKIN. G, E.. District Agent Travelers
Insurance Co ......... 711
CARDWELL. DR. J. B C"0
CUvRK. HAROLD. Dentist 31
CLEM. E. A. & CO.. ItJBliwr i'ropertIe3...515 31U
COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMVANY
804-e05-Ge8-S7-6t3-8U S13
CORNELL'S. C. XV., Phya. and Surseon 200
COVER. F. C. Cashier Eauwahle Life 30tl
COLLIER. r- 5. PuMUwwr. S. P. ilcGu're.
Manager .. 113-118
DAi'. J. G & f. N 313
DAVIS. r.-.VFOLEON'. rreslent Columb.a
Telephone Co. 007
DICKSON. DR. J. P. Physician 7I3-7U
DRAKE. DR. H B. Physician 512 513 uU
EDITORLVL ROOMS Eolith Uoor
EQ'UTABLE LIFi: ASSURANCE SOCICTY.
L. Samuel. Manager; F. C. Cover. Cas uer 300
EVENING TELEGKAit 3L'5 Auler street
FALLOWS. MRS. M. A.. Manar Womea's
Dept. Mutual Reserve Fuml LIT, at New
York CC3
FENTON. J. V.. Thylcian ami Surgeon 509 31J
FENTON. DR. HTCKS C. Eye and Ear .3.1
FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist 3u3
F1DEL1TV MUTUAL LIFE ASS'N. E. C.
Stark. Manager 301
FOREST. MRS. E. R . Purchasing Asent 717
FRENCH SCHOOL, (by con versa Hub). Dr. A.
Muzzarelll. Manager 700
GALVANI. V. 11.. Engineer ami Draughts
man .....600
GEART. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician art
Surgeon 2 2 211
GIESY. A. J.. Physician anil Surgeon.... 70S 7iJ
GODDARD. E. C. & CO., Footwear, zrouni
ltoor 129 ixm str et
GOLDMAN WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan
Life Insurance Co.. at New York... ...203 21
t- R VNIC 5.. Attorney-al-Law C17
GRENIER. MISS BEATRICE.. Dentist 7.'3
HAMMOND. A. K 3:j
HEIDINGER. GEO. A. A CO.. Pianos sr.l
Organ 1SI Si' -".
HOLLISTEIC DR. O. C. Phvs. A Surg...3u4 513
IDLEMAN, C. M., Attorne-at-Lw. 416-17 IS
KADY MARK T., Manager Pacific North
west Mutual Reserve Fuml Life Asso.. 6t4-Cc3
LAMONT. JOHN. Vlce-Preahlent and Gen
eral Manager Columbia Teleiifcona Co. ,... QfV
LITTLEFIELD. H. R., Phys. and1 Surseon. 2 I
MACRUM. W. S.. Sec Oregon Camera dub .2U
MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phys. ami Surg... .71' 7Li
MAXWELU DR. W. ST.. Phys. Surg- 7vl 2 -McCARGAR.
C A.. State Agent Bankers'
Life Association ...... 302 5"i"l
McCOY. NEWTON. Auorney-a-Law 713
McFADEN. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer 20 ;
McGINN. HENRY E.. Auomey-a:-Law..311 313
McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers Representa
tive 3DT
MILLER COLLECTION AGENCY ..303
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist and
Oral Surgeon .60S COO
MOBSMAN. DR. E. P., DenMrt 312-313 311
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of
New York. W. Goldman. Manager. .....2CD-211
Mcelroy, dr. j. g.. Phy a 3ur 701-702 rci
MrFARLAND. E. B.. Secretary Columbia
Telephone Co ......................,C00
McCUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier.
Publisher 413-413
McKIM, MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law 300
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New
York; Wm. S. Poml. State Mgr. 4tl-405-4Q3
MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE A3N,
M. T. Kailr. Mgr. Pacific North west..., G04 603
NICHOLAS. HORACE B . Attorney-at-Law .713
NILES. M. L.. Ca.hler Manhattan Ufa In
surance Co.. of New Yorlc ..........203
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATirT;
Dr. L. B. Smith. Osteopath ........ 40S-4)
ORF.GON CAMERA CLUB 211-215-210-217
PERNIN SHORTHAND SCHOOL; H. W.
Behnke, Prin 211
POND. WM. S.. State Manager Mutual Ll
In. Co. of New York 401-405-100
PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY .
- ....Grountl Moor. 133 Sixth sTPet
PORTLAND PRE'S CLUB ..718
PROT7.MAN EUGENE C, tprtntcndent
Agencte Mutual Reserve Fun.1 Life, of
New Yorlc ....804
PUTNAM'S SONS. O. P.. Publishers 313
QUniBY. L. P. W., Game and Forestry
Y'arIen ..7I(J-7tT
REED MALCOLM. Opticians.. I3S Sixth strC
RFTSD. F. C. FUh Omim!MiMr 407
".'MUTX. L.. Manager Equitable Life ..313
S'.NDFORD. A. C. CO.. PnblUherV Agf. 313
?CRIRNER'S SONS. CHA3.. Publishers;
Jcse ITnbMW. Manager... 515-55-317
SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supremo Com
mander. K. O. T. M..." 31T
SMITH DR. L B . neopnth 4C8-409
SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Sd
STARK. E. C. Executive Special. Fidelity
Mutttil Life Asoclatlon of Phlla.. Pa... ....3"I
5TARR & COLE. Pyrography 403
STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law.. .613-816-617"
-STOLTE. DR. CIIAS. R Dentist 704-703
STRONG. F. II. & G M., General Agents
Union Central Life Ins. Co 402-403
SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND X. P.
TERMINAL CO .70a
STROWKRICGE. THOS It.. Executive Spe
cial Agent Mutual Life, of New Yorfc. .....408
SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE . .......... 201
TUCKER. DR. GEO. F.. Dntl3t 010-611
UNION CENTRAL LIFE INS. CO.; F. H.
& G. M. Stronjc Agents 402n3
U. S. WEATHER BUREAU 00(5-907-803 BC3
U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. l.TTII
DIST.. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of
Engineers. U. S. A... S03
U. SI ENGINEER OFFICE. RiVEK AND
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W.
Ci Langatt. Corpi of Engineers. U. S. A....Sli
WALKER. WILL H.. President Oregon
Camcsa Club .214-2I5-2!3-217
W&TOERRED. MRS. EDYTII. Grand Sec
retary Na I j Vff Daughters 716-717
WHITE. M13S L. Bl, Aaa't Sec Oregon Cam
era Club .... .214
WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phy. & Sur 3fH 3
WILSON. DR. GEO F.. Phys. & Surgr...70G 7 7
WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phvs. A Surg- . 3O7-303
WOOD. DR. W. L.. Phystclan 412-413-411
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO-...0U
A fcTV more elejennt office otjit 'b
hnd Iy applying to Portland Trust
Cosapr.ny ol Orccroit. lOO Third at., o
to the rent clerk in tlie buildinjs.
MEN" NO CURE, NO
iPAi THE Mm C .f
APPLIANCE A pr3 I
Suav to perfect munh 1.
Everything ruse fails. The VACUl'M .TREAT
MENT CURES jou without medicine or ,
all nervous or diseases of the generative organs.
uch as lost manhood, exhausting drains, ar.. -:eie,
impntency. etc. Men are quiCKly redtore.1 .3
,erfe"t nealth and strength.
Write for circulars Correspondence conlV. en
lal THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO . rooaa
17 13 Sara Deposit building, aeattle. Waih.
1 1 1 i iii'iiifytf&n i in aanjg&a-a.ut-f fciW,
j.ZmA ,j'MMttj.jxi-.. ..
ii 4-jiS'rm.ifeji5Ci6'JS4sJ