?1M J'
tf: AIOKNIKG OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JANUARY 8, 1900.
WOMAN AND HER WORK
ZS SHE DEBARRED FROM MR.
COOK'S GJFTt
Picturesque Clubhouse, of Spanish.
Mission Design, Bnllt by Los
Angeles Women.
5
J. W Cook, the generous citizen of Port
land who has just given seven acres In
Albina as a site ior a technical and in
dustrial school. Is quoted as saying:
""Whether the Institution should be foi
hoys alone, or for both sexes, is a matter
-which I sJball leave to the management
Now if Mr. Cook Is to he taken literally
at his -word, young -women trill not be
debarred from the benefits of this gift, for
he has expressed himself plainly on
this point in the words of his first condition-
"The school shall be open to all
persons who are residents of Oregon."
This state is in urgent need of a
school of domestic science. Will there bo
any better time to make provision for it
than now?
It now appears that Oregon pine trees
have been growing sot for a woman's
clubhouse -in Portland; hut for one down
in Los Angeles, 1200 miles away. A very
beautiful structure, finished in Oregon
pine, has just been completed In the City
of the Angels, through the efforts of the
enterprising clubwomen of that section.
Yet Los Angeles is no larger than Port
land. ,
Friday morning, December 29, this cIud
house was formally opened. The president
of every woman's club in the city had
been invited to a place on the rostrum.
and sketches were given of the rise ana
development of the club movement in Los
Angeles. A reception will be given a lit
tle later, which will prove the hospitality
of thu clubwomen to the men of Los An
geles interested in the progressive work
of the Los Angeles club movement.
The building -a as erected at a cost of
513,009 by the Woman's Clubhouse Asso
ciation, which is an incorporated stocn
company, with a capital of $20,000. divided
into 1000 shares, held at 520 a share.
The stockholders, all women, are, with
two .exceptions, members of the Friday
Morning Club, to which organization the
buildinc has been leased for a term of
years.
The selection and equipment of tnq
premises have been made with especial
reference to the comfort and convenience
of this club, as the two organizations ore
closely allied arid the interests of the Fri
day Morning women have been carefulry
studied in all the arrangements.
As there Is much Interest in the club
house question among Oregon women, a
detailed account of this beautiful building
le given herewith.
In California mission style, the general
plan of the building is rectangular, with
a patio on the north, writes a former sec
retary of the Friday Morning Club, In the
Los Angeles Herald. It Is Inclosed on
three sides by arcades, the front corridor
being 100 feet in length, and the north 1C3
iect On the south is ample room for
walks and shrubbery.
Semitropic "Verdure.
The patio is 35xlC5. Plans are made for
securing a large palm to be placed in the
center, which, with other semitropic ver
dure, a fountain and a vine-clad wall, wilt
make this spot charmingly attractive ana
picturesque. The arcades, like those of
the old missions, are to be built of solid
brick and cement, and are capable of
defying the finger of time for at least two
centuries. They are paved with cement
roofed with asphaltum, and lighted
by electricity, and will form a delightful
promenade either by night or day.
The exterior of the main building also is
brick and cement It Is roofed with Im
proved Spanish terra cotta tile. The south
dormer, in its sky-line, recalls the San
Gabriel belfry. It is the intention to place
here an old mission bell when obtainable.
The building proper Is 57x150. The main
entrance opens into a hall through an im
posing archway and a tile-floored vesti
bule. This hall, 13x55, has a heavy beamea
ceiling, and Is ornamented by massive
Tuscan columns, lighted by electric lights
on each beam. Opening on the south Is
a large, square, parlor, 21x26, with beauti
ful south windows, in large square lights
and finished above with a shelf 15 feet
long.
The main staircase-is of oak, ornamented
with Greek Ionic, Gorinthian and Roman
Ionic columns, modeled carefully after .ne
best examples of ancient architecture.
Half way up is a broad landing, with im
mense south windows, and wide seats up
holstered in art burlap. The walls are
paneled for 10 large paintings, presumably
of noted women. The celling is support
ed by heavy molded beams.
Beyond the main staircase Is a large
cloakroom, with broad window seats. This
room opens into a tile-floored toilet-room.
The plumbing of the building is of a type
new to Los Angeles, which has been adopt
ed by some of the principal buildings in
New York and other large cities.
Beyond the cloakroom is the secretary's
room. In this is the switchboard, con
trolling the lighting system of the build
ing, which is complete in every respect
The lights ore on the truss beams and
gallery soffit They are furnished with
dimmers, a brilliant light being thrown
on the rostrum by means of reflection.
The parlor and offices have both side
and ceiUng outlets, and provision is made
for both gas and electricity in every
room. A convenient system of call bells,
with enunclators, is also provided. A
dumb-waller gives communication from
the secretary's room to the second floor,
ana -iJOarjT communicate" with the cloak
room and assembly-room.
A small window, which may be used for
a ticket window, is also provided.
On the north side of the hall are two
parlors and a reception hall; in the latter
is an emple fireplace with single seats.
The handsomely carved chimney piece,
seven feet wde, ornamented with four
columns and a massive shelf, extends to
the ceiling. It is also further ornamented
with a has relief of Delia Robbla's "Choir
Boys." Opening into the end of the hall
is a side entrance leading Into the north
arcade and garden.
The assembly hall Is 50xC5 feet the floor
space being entirely free from columns or
any obstructions: it Is floored with white
maple, and will make an elegant ball
room, as well as an auditorium. The ros
trum and dressing-rooms occupy a space
20sJ feet, arranged with folding screens
ana the best of lighting and toilet facil
ities, The screens are to be covered with
art -burlaps p drown the unpleasant res
onance oftDo much wood paneling. The
acoustics promise to be of the very best
The main lighting is from windows near
the ceiling an1" in the lantern, and all the
constructive members of the roof are ex
posed giving a very massive and dignified
appearance. The timbers are of Oregon
pine and the ceiling boards of redwood.
The iron work s simple, but by the use
of scrolls, crudeness of effect is avoided.
The gallery is suspended from the rear
roof truss. It Is terraced and communi
cates by a doorwav with the roof of the
north corridor, which will no doubt form
a great promenade on social occasions.
The roof leams are finished in Flemish
oak. the redwood left in its original na
tural fitrtsh.
From the hall proper two large doorways
connect with the garden and the south
walk. They are to be divided in the old
Dutch fashion, and in case of necessity or
panic will provide exceedingly ample ex
its. On each side of the stage, pedestals
for growing plants are provided.
The first story and hallway are finished
throughout in Oregon pine with the F'em
ish treatment and all hardware trimmings
are in the Bower Barff finish.
White BncqccWloom.
On the second floor, at the head of the
stairs, is the banquet-room in ivory finish, j
with white maple floor. The north side is !
almost entirely p glass, with wide window
seats Its full length.
Bc-nond the banquet-room are three large
par
one.
o'-s, aasoiansnea in ,ivory. Tne central
:, oa wie wesi tiae, is 10 oe occupied oy 1
the society- of the Daughters of the Revo
lution. Convenient kitchen and pantries
are on this floor; also- cloak and toilet
rooms. The metal work Is dull brass.
From this story a broad flight of steps
leads to the attic, which is finished in one
apartment about 40x30 feet and lighted
by four large dormer windows and a cen
tral skylight Tins room is -very suitable
for a studio or for a school of physical
culture. From this room are extended
views of mountain ranges and'city.
In thesecond story all ther rooms commu
nicate with "th& promenade roofi of the
arcades. Flower -pot are here finished in
the masonry lor growing plants. With its
outlook en the garden, this is one of the
pleasantest features of the building.
In the basement are bicycle, furnace and
storage rooms, reached by a staircase
from the north arcade. A gentlemen's
smoking room is here, which leads by
staircase to the main hall. The basement
is flooded, with sunlight, the windows all
extending: above the first floor. The floor
throughout is cement tile, the wall Tough
plaster, and the woodwork in light tints. ,
The walls throughout the- clubhouse,
have the cathedral sand finish tinted; te
wainscoating hard plaster with enamel
finish, and the floors are polished and
waxed.
One of the most charming features of
the building Is the amount of sunlight
admitted, the windows being of large size,
hut so srrouDed as not to detract from the
breadth of walf spacerred.iitred'by thfi'mls- 1
slon style. On the south staircase the
windows on the landings are so high they
throw the sunlight down across the steps
into the landing on the lower floor. The
sashes are broken into square lights,
which preserve the- mission effects.
The building throughout is an example
of California mission architecture adapt- j
ed to modern requirements. The exterior
woodwork is all in the rough, which cor
responds well with the surface of the
walls. The dormer is ornamented with a
flower balcony finished wih a wrought-iron
rail. In every detail, the architect has
preserved the "beautiful and picturesque
mission style, and the results are emi
nently artistic. The furnishings of the
clubhouse will be chosen in perfect har
mony with its finish, and wflf be done
by degrees, it being the intention to col
lect many beautiful objects both for use
and ornamentation.
The arcades will be covered with climb
ing vines, the patio ornamented with foun
tain, and shadowed with most beautiful
tropical plants, while the rarest ferns and
orchids and other beautiful bloom -will
fill the rooms with tender color and orna
mentation. The Library Question.
The Oregonian is glad to accede to the
modest request contained in the following
letter from the president of the State Fed
eration of Women's Clubs, and will pub
lish communications from such as are
Interested in the library question. Mrs.
Wade writes from Pendleton as follows:
"One of the most important committees
of the Portland Woman's Club Is the li
brary committee. The Oregon federation
appointed as its very first committee one
on library work. It is probably not a
mistake to say that tne great majority
of women's clubs and state federations
are investigating conditions or doing more
advanced work in this direction. In New
England, and probably in other Eastern
states, the present generation and its fath
ers and mothers, as well, have nevet lived
without the public library as one of the
common facts of life. It is a part and par
cel of the public school system, one might
say.
"In the past, private libraries have been
beyond the means of very many bright and
Intelligent families, and by this class of
our citizens the public library Is fully
appreciated. But 'Is the public library a
benefit to a community?' Is a question
that in Oregon sometimes calls out vigor
ous expression on the negative side. Wo
have, in some of our towns, libraries of
one kind or another, and as 'straws show
which way the wind blows,' so may the
regard in which the library Is held, the
manner in which it is used, show the pub
lic sentiment In regard to its worth.
"The following clippings, one from the
East Oregonian, Pendleton, the other from
a Maine paper, are instructive as showing
the different point of view in the two com
munities. "JIt is surprising,' says the East Ore
gonian, 'how very few people, outside the
members of the Commercial Association,
patronize the library. Anyone, for the
fee of 25 cents a month, may have access
to the shelves, taking books away and us
ing the rooms from 2 to 5 on all days ex
cepting Saturdays and Sundays. Over
$5000 has been expended for books, and
the maintenance of tho library Is by the
Commercial Association. That organiza
tion pays all the expenses and expends
several hundred of dollars yearly In buy
ing new books. It will be cause for as
tonishment when it is stated that only
about 35 persons pay the 25 cents monthly
dues and use the library besides members
of the association. Pendleton people, by
this negligence, not only fail to avail
themselves of the advantages of an espe
cially fine selection of books', but fall to
contribute anything of consequence to Its
maintenance. The sum total of receipts
from this source is less than $10. If the
present library be not used, there is no en
couragement to build It up to a greater
size.'
"The Maine paper says:
" 'It is an interesting sight to sit a
while on an afternoon or evening in the
rooms of the Auburn public library. Young
and old make this attractive place a ren
dezvous for quiet reading, study and ex
change of books. The courtesy and per
sonal interest of the librarian makes one
feel that the good work Is for the benefit
of each and all, and that whatever the li
brary as a public Institution affords Is
to be utilized to Its utmost Students are
welcome to handle the books at the shelves
and an -excellent plan, which is producing
untold gpod, has materialized by which
a few of the books upon various, subjects
that are In the truest sense "best books"
are grouped upon convenient shelves In
the reading-room; and here the youth of
Auburn and Lewiston are learning to go,
handling them, assimilating their "good,"
and all unwittingly, perhaps, gaining a
valuable education.'
"There must be a reason, somewhere,
for this difference of sentiment so plainly
Indicated in -the two localities. We are
of opinion that the average- club wqman,
believes in and uses the public library,
and that the clubs hope, through the li
brary committees, to interest others fn the
work. Through the federation committee
we shall probably learn what towns, be
sides Portland and Pendleton, have li
braries; how they are supported and pat
ronized;, we shall learn if, there isita de
mand for public libraries In Oregon, and
from the clubwoman's standpoint, If there
Isn't, we mean to try to create one! We
hope, through the courtesy of The Ore
gonian, to have a discussion of this ques
tion, and that by these expressions of opin
ion from many different citizens, represent-'j
ing wiaeiy sepaxaiea localities, we may gui
a little light ADELIA D. WADLY'
Home-Making a Profession.
PORTLAND, Jan. 6. (To the Editor.)
The household economics department ot
the woman's Club consists of a few
women who are earnestly studs'lng along
lines which tend to elevate homo life to
a high plane. This department believes
that housekeeping and home-making is a
profession, which demands the same close
and prolonged study that must be given
to attain proficiency in any other profes
sion; and its object Is to use its powers to
forward ithe endeavor "to establish good
housekeeping on its proper basis, and to
become familiar with--all municipal pro
cedures which affect the lives and happi
ness of the members of the family. Some
of the club's best talen is throwing Its
forces Into this work in a way that prom
ises lasting and beneficial Tesults. Tne
club movement originated with the idea
ot giving women broader culture in intel
lectual, sociological ard philanthropic pur
suits, and while the older clubs in the
East have adhered closely to intellectual
research, it has been the fortune of the
newer clubs, and more particularly those
cf the West to apply club culture to per
fecting the home, and through the home
to aid in the upbuilding of municipalities,
states and nations.
The National Association of Household
Economics, which organized in Chicago
during the world's fair, is not however,
satisfied with this progress, and its presi
dent lately sent out a circular letter to the
women of America, urging them to greater
efforts. She says:
"The American people have long been
accused of watefulhess, extravagance and
a general disregard of sanitary laws and
homo hygiene; as a people we are given
over to dyspepsia and nervous 'disorders,
with the logical results of Increasing vice,
Intemperance and insanity. Too much of
this may be traced to an unscientific home
life, In which the mistress Is generally un
fitted for her work, while the maid is often
both incompetent and unwilling to become
otherwise."
She appeals to every woman's club to or
ganize a permanent home department, and
outlines the scope of study as follows:
"First The proper construction and lo
cation, of the home; its sanitation and hy
giene, which includes the best methods
of ihcating, -ventilating, lighting, plumbing-
WOMAN'S CLUBHOUSE, LOS
and sewerage, also how to furnish the
house artistically and economically.
"Second The structure and functions of
the body with reference to personal hy
giene, rest, diet, exercise, etc.
"Third Textile materials and their use
in the clothing of our bodies and furnish
ing our homes.
"Fourth The foods we use, their rela
tive dietetic, nutritive and economic val
ues, proper dietaries for different members
of the family; food for infants, invalids
and growing children.
"Fifth The best mental, moral and
physical development of the child within
the home."
Outside this outline there are unlimited
possibilities for the development of sub
jects which are of vital Interest to every
home in the land, and she urges the co
operation of every woman in America..
X.
Studying the City Charter.
Mrs. Emily L. Wakeman, formerly of.
Sorosls, who Is becoming so potent a force"
In the club life of this state, writes from
Silverton as follows:
"Since my last communication to The
Oregonian, tho Woman's Social Science
Club, of Silverton, has held two meet
ings. December 16 there was a paper
read on 'Co-operative Household "Vork,
which brought forward a' spirited discus
sion; December 30 an outline of the his
tory of woman suffrage and what has been
accomplished by the work of the pioneer
women In the movement The paper was
much appreciated, so much that our mem
bers wish it repeated. January 6 one or
our members is to read the charter of the
city of Silverton.
"We have joined the state federation,
and are among the charter members. We
have received a letter from Mrs. C. B.
Wade, welcoming us into tho federation.
We hope to be of service to it In some
way. I know I voice our club when I say
we will do all that we can toward the
upward progress of woman, which means
the uplifting of all humanity." 1
These are noble words. If the same spirit
of energetic helpfulness animates the other
clubs of the state, tho federation is sure
to prove a beneficent Influence In the fu
ture history of Oregon.
Club Chaflng-Dlsh Party.
The Fortnightly Club, of Eugene, gave
a chafing-dish party on the afternoon of
New Year's day. The chafing dishes wero
presided over by Mesdames H. B. Miller,
F. L. Washburn, I. M. Glen, F. M. Wil
klns and Emma Thompson, and some de
lectable dishes were prepared and served
to the 50 ladies present A portion of the
time was spent in prophecies concerning
the dress, home life, cooking, means of
locomotion and political condition of
women a century hence, which evoked
much merriment. The affair was one of
the most enjoyable in the history of the
club.
Honor to an Oregon Woman.
Mrs. F. Eggert, of Portland, while on
her Faslern trip, from which she has just
returned, addressed many women's clubs,
missionary societies and other organiza
tions, an account of which she has ktndly
promised to give before the Woman's Club
at an early date.
The fact that Mrs. Eggert was the first
woman delegate appointed to the recent
international council of Congregationalists,
at Boston, to which only three -women
delegates were sent, has brought forth
pleasant comments In various parts of
America and beyond. The following brief
sketch of her is taken from a late number
of the Congregationallst:
"She was born In Oxfordshire, England,
MAIN HAIiL AND STAHIWAY OF WOMAN'S CLUBHOUSE, LOS ANGELES.
educated in New England, completed her
medical studies in Cleveland, O., spent her
professional life in Kansas, and for the
last 25 years, since her marriage, has lived
In Pdrtland, Or. She was the first woman
physician to be admitted to a state medi
cal society In the state of Kansas. She Is
also the only woman delegate elected by
the churches, and the first woman delegate
appointed to the international council. She
was chosen In September, 1S9S, directly
after the national council. As president of
the Woman's Home Missionary Union, of
Oregon, Mrs. Eggert has for the last six
years organized many societies In tho In
terests of foreign as well as home mis
sions. Her fine personal presence, as well
as her Intellectual achievements and un
usual life history, make ner a delegate of
whom the Union as well as the churches
of Oregon may be proud."
"Women's International Congress.
''The Transactions of the International
Congress of Women, 1899," edited by Lady
Aberdeen, is just out, and will, no doubt,
prove a valuable book of reference to all
who are interested in woman's advance
ment It is in seven volumes, as follows:
Vol. 1, "Report of Council Transactions"
vol. 2, "Women In Education"; vols. 3
and 4, "Women in Professions"; vol, 5,
"Women in Politics"; vol. 6, "Women in
Industrial Life"; vol. 7, "Women In So
cial Life." These volumes may be bought
separately or in set. Orders for this coun
try are being filled by Mrs. Fannie Hum
phreys Gaffney, who is the United States
j president of the International Council of
Women, May Wrignt aewell navmg sug
gested that she would be an excellent per
son to fill her place.
Not Her Boarders.
The professor had come from Holland
and was ready to settle down in New York
as soon as he should have collected the
ANGELES, CAMFORNIA.
furnishings for his office. Among these
were to be one or two skeletons, ratner
I expensive articles, so when he read an
advertisement In the paper of several
reputable skeletons at reduced prices he
decided to Investigate. He had an Idea
that the call would take him to the house
ot some other professional man, and he
was somewhat surprised when he found
that the address given in the paper was
that cf a large and fashionable boarding
house, and it was the mistress of the house
who had skeletons for sale. The profes-
1 sor had a pretty dry Dutcn wit, and after
he had examined the wares offered and
found them quite satisfactory, he turned
to the landlady and said:
"The skeletons are everything that I
could desire, but er I should like to ask
one question. I might have some scru
ples, you know in fact er, I suppose,
madam these gentlemen here do not rep
resent any of your former guests?"
Women in School Mutters.
The mothers of Westford, N. J., are still
loudly rejoicing over the result of their
special school meeting, held a few day3
ago. The women of that community Indi
cated their interest in educational mat
ters by attending the meeting in large
numbers, and by their votes securing for
the town the $50,000 appropriated for the
erection of a new primary school building.
Miss Ida Harned, of Chicago, has been
awarded an International medal for hav
ing written more Insurance policies during
the month of June last than any other
agent in the world. Miss Harned is a
young woman, under 25 years of age, who
has had wonderful success in her chosen
work. She was advised upon entering the
insurance business to begin in a small way
with school teachers and stenographers,
but instead she attempted large cases with
millionaires and men of Importance, and
wrote policies where tho best men agents
had failed.
Miss Katherlne Felton, a young college
wpman, is at the head of the Oakland
(Cal.) associated charities.
BRUTALLY BEAT A WOMAN.
Blacksmith Narrovrly Escapes Con
sequences of His Conduct.
The very brutal act of a man named
Charles Burkhardt yesterday Involved him
In serious trouble that might have been
worse but for the timely arrival of the
police. Burkhardt Is a blacksmith by
trade, and for some time past has been
living with a young woman named Gladys
Dunne, otx Albina. The two have quar
reled often. Yesterday, Burkhardt met her
near Second and Morrison streets, that be
ing the first time he had seen the woman
for some days. Ho was In a violent
temper over something that Had happened
and struck her a savage blow In tho face.
She was lifted by the force of his fist
from the sidewalk, and fell prostrate in
the street, where she lay several moments
unconscious. A couple of teams of local
football players happened along the street
at the time and beheld the brutish conduct
They jumped on Burkhardt, pummeled
and bruised him, and were cheerfully con
tinuing the work when interfered with by
some outsiders and a policeman. Burk
hardt was less hurt than scared, but
seemed glad to get inside the Jail away
from his angry assailants.
In the meantime the Dunne woman re
vived, was taken to the station and then
permitted to go to her home In Albina.
Her cheek was swollen from the effects
of the blow. This Is the second itrouble
betn een the couple -that thepolIce have
been called upon to investigate. Once be
fore Burkhardt was stopped by an officer
from cutting the woman's dresses to shreds
In the room where they had been stopping.
He is now charged with assault and bat
tery, and will likely get the limit, owing
to the aggravated nature of the case.
A Human Characteristic
Chicago Times-Herald,
"Pa, what's an average man?"
"One who thinks his employer's business
would be run a good deal better If ne
could have more to ay about It himself."
o ft
Persons whose occupation gives but lit
tle exercise aie victims of torpid liver and
constipation. Carter's Little Liver Pills
will relieve you.
PRE-EMINENCE OF CHRIST
MORNING SERMON BY DR. EDGAR P.
HILL.
Dr. Alexander Blackburn at the
First Baptist Church Sermon
by Rev. C. T. Hard.
Dr. Edgar P. Hill, of the First Presby
terla church, spoke yesterday morning
on the subject, "The Pre-eminence of
Christ." His text was "That in all things
he might have the pre-eminence," from
Colossians i:18. He said, in part:
"As we stand before Christ to study
him -we are tempted to dwell only on
those characteristics which v,e find in
eartihly heroes. We give Christ first place
simply because -he seems to stand first
as regards those graces which we find in
less degree In the great and good of every
century and clime. 'Socrates was a wise
man,' says the admirer of the Greek.
'Yes,' we reply, 'but Christ was wiser.'
And then we endeavor to place beside
the limitations of the Greek sage the
words of him who spoke as never man
spoke.
4JThQ historian tells us how Mohammed
founded a kingdom which today numbers
Its disciples by the ""million. But, think
of the kingdom which Christ established.
It has touched into beauty tho fairest
portions of the earths While other re
ligions are fast growing old, this one has
the promise of perpetual youth. 'Behold
the pure and gentle Buddha,' cries the
dusky child of the Orient "Then the
Christian begins to explain wherein the
character of Jesus excels that of the sto
ical and mystical Indian prince. In such
ways as these it is customary to plead
for the supremacy of Jesus.
"But what did the biblical writer have
in mind when he spoke of Christ's pre
eminence? The context tells us: 'In
whom wo have redemption through his
blood, even bhe forgiveness of sin.' In
order to feel the full force of such words,
just try to speak them in connection with
any other who has talked the earth,
'In Socrates we have redemption." The
words almost refuse to be spoken. 'In
Mohammed we have the forgiveness of
sins.' It seems like sacrilege even to sug
gest such a thing. For any one to pro
pose that we might Insert the name of
Buddha and announce salvation through
his blood would shock even an unbe
liever. "Secondly, the apostle states that Christ
is the image of the invisible God. Man
was made after the image of God. There
were suggestions of God in him in some
such way as the black eyes and curly hair
of a child remind one of the parent. But
Christ Is tho image of the invisible God.
"Thirdly, in Christ were all things cre
ated in the heavens above and upon the
earth.
"Fourthly, Paul states that Christ was
before all things and In him all things
are held together. The term 'before all
things' refers to time. Christ was before
David, before Moses, before Abraham.
"Sometimes very excited arguments are
carried on in tho newspapers concerning
the career of Jesus, and men who deplore
the dogmatisrn of Christians declare with
a dogmatism which puts Christians to
the blush that he who hung on Calvary
began life just as any of our children;
that the idea that God became flesh is not
to be entertained for a moment, and that
to say Christ existed before his appear
ance as a babe In Mary's arms is the
height of fable. At such times I find my
self saying, 'I wonder where he got that?
It must be out of his own brain, for I
am sure the Bible does not teach that'
The Bible says: 'In the beginning was
the word; and the word was -with God,
and the word was God. And the word
became flesh and dwelt among us.'
"Christ said: 'And now, O Father, glo
rify me with thine own self, with the
glory which I had with thee before the
world was.' Surely the Scriptures speak
In no uncertain terms on this point
"Again Paul states that Christ is the
head of the church not was the founder
of the church, but Is the head of the
church. It would be a strange being who
should walk down the street with hands
and feet tingling with life, but with the
head of a corpse, the eyes glassy In
death. Christ's mind directs the church,
and every remotest nerve is traceable to
his brain.
"These are the reasons Paul gives for
the pre-eminence of Christ I want to
be very sure that I place Christ just
where the Bible places him, and not
where short-sighted men place him. We
do not have to go far to find those who.
while they are quick to insist that they
recognize no claim of the Gospel on
them, are veiy ready to call Jesus su
preme among men, overtopping every sage
In wisdom, every statesman in far-seeing
vision, every saint in holiness. But when
they have ended their eulogies, the Bible
has only begun.
"Up, up, up, he rises above angels and
principalities and powers, until amidst
the hosts of heaven he stands supreme,
the chief among ten thousand. That is
tho Christ to whom I lift my heart in
worship, and In whom I am trusting for
salvation. And that is the Christ whom
I want you to know and love and wor
ship." DEFENSE OF ORTHODOXY.
Dr. Alexander Blackburn's Evening
SerniOn.
"The Gospel Meets Man's Needs" was
the topic last evening of Dr. Alexander
Blackburn, pastor First Baptist church.
The text was Galatians 1:8, "But though
we or an angel from heaven preach any
other gospel unto you than that which
we have preached unto you, let him be
accursed."
"The Galatians (the ancient Gauls) were
very much like some people In our day, In
that they were restless at receiving any
thing that was not very modern and new.
It seemed to them preposterous to be
asked to accept the same gospel that had
been accepted for 25 years. They were
a progressive people, and not old fogies,
everlastingly holding to old doctrines that
might have been well enough In their day.
I suspect there was a school of liberals
and advanced thinkers in Galatia.
"My text Is Paul's answer to them.
About 1840 years have passed Blnce Paul
wroto this. Could he say the same now?
But before answering the question, let us
get clearly In mind what Paul had
preached. He preached that In 'Adam all
die.' This includes the fall. That '.sin,
when it is finished, bringeth forth death';
that Is, future punishment. That 'Jesus
was Lord' and to be worshiped; that he
died for our sins and rose again; that
he mado an atonement for sin by his death
on the cross. I think you will all agree
with me that Paul was a pretty stiff or
thodox preacher as we count orthodoxy.
Do these old doctrines meet the demands
of men today?
"The gospel belongs to that class of
realities that do not change. Some things
do change. The vegetation on the surface
of the earth iB constantly changing; even
the surface of soil changes; but the earth
deep down does not change. The nature
of the water and the atmosphere does
not change. The sun is the same that
shone on the earth when Moses wrote.
"The great laws that produce summer
and winter, seed time and harvest, do not
change. Historic facts .do not bscome
different with the lapse of time. If Abra
ham journeyed, and Pharaoh bullded, and
Nebuchadnezzar waged war, and Caesar
ruled, and Christ wrought miracles, and
the apostles bore witness, thoe facts are
as true now as ever, and all the progress
of the eternities cannot change them.
"There are great underlying truths in
science that do not change. We are not
clamoring for a new multiplication table
There Is no new Archimedes to proclaim
a change In the old theorem that 'the
square of the hypothenuse of a right
angled triangle is equal to the sum of the
squares on the other two sides.'
"The Christ of the gospel is the sun;
we need no other. His life and char
acter are facts ot history; you cannot
change them. He declared certain eternal
principles which are as Immutable as th-a
declarations of the mathematician.
"The gospel has met the needs of the
ages, and is meeting them today. Very
much is said about the failure of the
gospel, and the charge is based chiefly on
the fact that great multitudes are un
believing and therefore we must have
something new. We all admit that multi
tudes reject tho gospel. The fact is a
sad one, but I submit that it would hard
ly bo a fair test of a specific for some
disease to count tho number of sick who
refused to take it The failure is in this
old human nature that is at enmity with
God. The gospel comes requiring humll-ityrand-
men are pioud; it calls for self
denial, and men are selfish; it calls for
love, and men are full of hate; it calls
for lojal obedience, and men are full of
anarchy.
"The fair thing is to look ait the work
of the gospel where It has been- received.
There you find civilization, enlightenment,
beneficence, brotherly kindness. It has
mado cannibals gentie, drunkards sober,
savages civilized, prizefighters gentlemen,
and scoffers worshipers. I have seen and
heard men whose transformation by the
power of tho gospel was as marvelous as
the raising of Lazarus. 'But' says my
liberal friend, 'I am willing to take the
ethical teachings of the gospel and the
character of Christ as a model man, but
anust do away with his divinity, and
miracles, and atonement, and resurrection.
The age has advanced beyond that' My
answer is, 'Your liberalism has been a
worse failure than the old orthodoxy. It
does not meet the demands of the masses
even so well as the gospel.
"Lot me illustrate by actual facts.
Eighty-two years ago Cambridge, Mass.,
was a city of 20.000. There were three
flourishing liberal churches. A small
Baptist 'church was organized, meeting
vigorous opposition. Now there ore 90,
000 people, and two barely alive Unitarian
churches, with old meeting-houses, and
nine Baptist churches, three of them with
houses that cost as much as this, and the
Methodist and other churches have grown
with the Baptists. If orthodoxy has failed
once, liberalism has failed ten times.
"But why argue? Everybody knows that
the old truths are holding the people even
now as never before, and the noisy cries
of one here and there who has forsaken
the old paths is as nothing. Three years
ago B. Fay Mills forsook the old faith,
and with great flourish of trumpets opened
In Boston. For a little time he had a
following, but now he Is in Oakland. Cal.,
leading a forlorn hope to save a meeting
house. "These Illustrations could be repeated
by the score. In fashionable Boston the
liberal churches have not over half as
many organizations as 20 years ago, while
the old truths have won converts among
the rich and the poor. It comes with a
pardon for the sinner, based on the fin
ished work of tho Son of God; with help
for the weak, by the indwelling Spirit of
God, and a heaven for the dying, founded
in God's everlasting righteousness."
TALKED ON THE GOOD SHEPHERD.
Rev. C. F. Hurd's Sermon at First
Evangelical Church.
At the morning service of the First
United Evangelical church, on East Sner
man and Tenth streets, yesterday, tne
pastor. Rev. C. T. Hurd, delivered an
Interesting sermon on "The Good Shep
herd," and drew appropriate comparisons
from the subject for the present day.
The text for the sermon was from John,
x:14: "I am the good shepherd, and
know my sheep, and am known of mine."
He said in part:
"In the New Testament and various
other places of the Bible we And where
Jesus says, 'Feed my sheep,' showing that
Jesus likened himself unto a shepherd.
Traveling through the dusty ways of
Palestine, he always displayed this same
tender solicitude for his precious flock.
In the same way he Is our shepherd to
day, and cares for us just tho same as he
did when he walked this earth so many,
many years ago. The question that woula
naturally follow from the foregoing state
ment is 'What does he do as a good shep
herd for us?' Let us first turn to tne
shepherds of that day for an Illustration
of our answer. We see the shepherd al
ways on the alert for the good ot his
flock and exercising every precaution to
protect them from danger. Much In the
same way our Lord protects us. He gath
ers us Into his fold with tender and lov
ing hands, and when we have gone astray,
far from his watchful care, he searches
for us and guides us back again.
"Jesus has said that there would be but
one fold. But this does not mean, as
many are prone to believe, that there Is
but one church, one particular denomina
tion, which will gain one an entrance to
the everlasting home. This doctrine is
false in the face of It. We are all chil
dren of God if we serve him aright, and
when we are judged before the creator
he will not ask us what church we ne
longed to, but what we did to save an
other's soul. God conclusively shows his
care for his sheep In the 23d Psalm. The
very epitome of the words 'The Lord Is
my shepherd, I shall not want' Is his
perfect care ot ourselves. We need not
want, because In his own wise way ne
supplies them. He knows our wants and
needs better than we ourselves, and wnen
he answers our cry of distress, If it ia
not as we would have It, let us say 'Thy
w!U. not ours, be done.' Like unto tne
shepherd, he is always on guard to keep
us from unseen danger, and were it not
for this care, we would fall many times
into the numerous pitfalls surrounding
us In our dally journey! There are many
Instances when a great disaster has been
averted by heeding a subtle voice whlcn
has warned just In time. And this warn
ing was not a supernatural one, but was
God's voice calling to his sheep in the
time of danger. The Bible tells of tne
many times when the Lord has fed his
famishing people, and he feeds them today,
though with spiritual food Instead of nat
ural. He feeds them through tho agency
of the Bible and the ministers. Yet how
little thought is manifested for this kind
of food. Our dearth of interest in spirit
ual ministry is evidenced by the slack at
tendance at divine worship. This greatest
of all earthly duties Is neglected, and
the people rush madly after worldly pleas
ures, while they lay up a poor Inheri
tance, Indeed. In the Hfe to come.
"In going from one place to another, a
shepherd always leads his flock; he never
drives them. So It Is with God. He does
not drive a man to a Christian life, but
throws as many Christian influences in his
way as possible, and by this means at
tempts to lead him on to the higher life.
The man mu3t exercise his own free will
and good sense in this case. Like as tne
angels do when a soul enters the heavenly
fold after life's dark toll, let us say 'Praise
ye the Lord.' "
Routine of the College Student. 14S0
From "Life in a Medieval University,"
by Dr. H. Randall.
5:30 A. M. Rise, drink a flagon of beer
at the buttery; no other breakfast.
6-S Ordinary lecture In the public
schools (no fire rushes on floor).
8 Mass (In early middle ages optional;
later, compulsory).
9-11 Study in room with three compan
ionsperhaps "repeating" to each other
morning lecture. No Are; no glass in
windows.
11 Dinner. Bible read in hall. Menu:
Soup, thickened with oatmeal, beef, bread,
cheese, small beer.
11:30 College disputation.
12 M. The idle man takes a walk or
plays dice at the tavern; the studious re
turns to his books.
1:20 P. M. Luncheons, 1. e., a drink of
beer In hall.
2-3:30 Extraordinary lecture.
3:S0-5 Ditto.
5 Supper. Much as at dinner.
5:30-8 Study for the serious; roaming
about the streets for the frivolous.
8 Curfew rings. "Potations" In halL
9 Run round quadrangle to warm. feet.
Bed.
e
Reduction Sale Fancy Dry Goods.
New York Mercantile Co., 205 Third.
GROWTH OF ISLAND TRADE
INCREASE OF MORE THAN 100 PER
CENT IN 1S0O.
Exceeded the Dullness of the Years
of the Greatest Prosperity Un
der Reciprocity Relations.
WASHINGTON. Jan. 7. Commerce with
Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Hawaiian,
Philippine and Samoan islands during tha
11 months ending with November fu ly
justifies the belief that the new relations
which those Islands sustain to the Unite 1
States will result in a great increase ia
our- commerce -witlr them, and especially
In an increase of our exports to them.
The total exports from the United States
to the four islands or groups ot islands
will amount in the calendar year 1S03 to
considerably more than $40,000,000,. the to
tal for the 11 months ending with Novem
ber being $37,54.110, as compared with less
than $20,000,000 last year. When It is con
sidered that neither Cuba ncr Puerto Rico
has yet returned to anything like normal
conditions, and that there has been a
condition of actual warfare In the Philip
pines during the year, the fact that tha
total exports to the islands in the year
exceed those of the palmiest day3 of re
ciprocity shows that when normal condi
tions return, our exports to the islands
will greatly Increase over those of earher
years.
Our total exports to Cuba, Puerto Rico,
Hawaii and the Philippine Islands in tha
years of their greatest prosperity under
the reciprocity relations of 1S93 and 1534
amounted to but about $33,000,000, whLe,
as already Indicated, those of 1S99 will ba
considerably in excess of $40,000,000, the
total for the month of November having
been over $4,000,000. This Increase Is fourd
in the case of each of the Islands, tha
exports to Cuba being In 11 months ot
1S99, $22,742,141, against $3,711,729 in the
corresponding 11 months of 1898; to Puerto
Rico, $3,365,292, against $1,220,014 in ls9!;
to the Hawaiian Islands, $10,296,157, against
$5,891,755 in the corresponding months of
1S98; to the Philippine Islands, $1383,755,
against $137,471 In 1S9S, and to the Samcan
islands, $86,755, against $36,829 in the 11
months of 1S9S.
Foodstuffs, manufactures, and the arti
cles required for agricultural and business
development are the chief exports to theso
Islands, and show the most rapid gal.-:.
To Cuba the exports of flour in 11 months
of 1S99 are 50 per cent in excess of thosa
of 11 months of 1898, and three times those
of 1S97. Corn shows an increase of 50 per
cent, while provisions generally, including
bacon, hams, lard, butter and cheese, show
even more than a 50 per cent increase,
and in some cases more than ICO per cent
Cotton cloth shows a remarkable Increase,
the total for 11 months of 1S9S having been
$29,163, and in the corresponding month3
of 1S99, $6S3,969, while other cotton manu
factures increased from $16,897, in 11
months of 1898, to $179,560 in the same
months of 1S99. Cars and carriages show
a very large gain as do also typewriters,
sewing machines, builders hardware, ag
ricultural implements, books and map
thus Indicating a general revival of busi
ness activity as well as an increased de
mand for foodstuffs and clothing.
The following tables show the exports
to and Imports from each of the islands
or groups of islands in question durlrg
the 11 months ending with. November. 1SD9,
compared with 1897 and 1898, and the de
tails of exports to Cuba alone in the 11
months of 1S97, 1893 and 1S99:
Exportsfrom the United States to Cuba,
Puerto Rico and the Hawaiian, Philip
pine and Samoan Islands in 11 months
ending with November:
Exports to 1897. 1893. 1S99.
Cuba $ 8.145.514 $ 8,741.729 $22,742,141
Puerto Rico... 1.SSS.204 1,220,014 0.305.292
Hawaiian 4.S45.920 5,891.755 10.296,127
Philippines ... 63.367 137.471 1,383 7
Samoan
40.41S
35,1
,&!
b6,7S3
Totals $14,983,423 $16,027,798 $37,834,110
Imports into the United States from
Cuba. Puerto Rico and the Hawaiian,
Philippine and Samoan Islands in 11
months ending with November:
Imports from 1S97. 1S9S. 1S99
Cuba $15,679,575 $16,856,146 $23,264 7
Puerto Rico... 1.934,182 2.316.448 3,402 rD
Hawaiian 15,104.212 16.455,171 21.672.0S2
Philippines ... 4,137.575 3,871.516 4.875 617
Samoan 72.731 46.135 47,4d2
Total3 $36,923,306 $33,575,466 $58,263,013
Exports of principal articles from tho
United States to Cuba in 11 months end
ing with November:
Articles 1S37. 1S38. 1S99.
Wheat flour $571,719 $1,131,652 $1,874.7:2
juara 963,830
Lumber 275.W9
Bacon 531.970
Hams 319.397
Cotton cloth 217.872
Coal 513.040
Corn 267,575
Builders hdware 53.357
Mineral oils 239.713
Furniture ....... 32,459
Cotton mfrs.,
other 15,021
Mfd. tobacco.... 157 291
Cars, carriages.. 13.854
Ag'l implements. 7.726
Butter, cheese... 26.915
Cycles, sewing
mch's, typ'w'rs 14.353
965.154 1.634.6C3
244.599 833.C3
503.329 842.163
307.120 6GS.H
29,163 CSC.EO
422.219 593 1 9
250.934 434.281
65,568 371.724
197,394 340 5l3
14,972 191,0,0
16.897 179 560
H0.2S9 172.S33
44.5SS 164,959
5.789 104,414
46,350 IZS.bZS
7.S63 161,040
OLIVER CROMWELL.
The Parentajre and Early Life ot
the Celebrated Englishman.
"Oliver Cromwell," by Theodore Roose
velt in the January Scribner's.
When Oliver Cromrwell took his seat in
tho long parliament he was 41 years old.
Ho had been born at Huntingdon on April
25, 1599. and by birth belonged to the lesser
gentry, or upper middle class. The orig
inal name of the family had been Wl.
lams; it was of Welsh origin. There were
many Cromwells, and Oliver was a com
mon name among them. One of the pro
tector's uncles bore tho name, and re
mained a stanch loyalist throughout tho
civil war. Oliver's own father, Robert,
was a man In very moderate circum
stances, his estate in the town of Hunt
ingdon bringing an Income of some 200
a year. Oliver's mother, Elizabeth Stew
ard, of Ely, seems to have been of muh
stronger character than his father. Tho
Stewards, like the Cromwells, were "new
people," both families, like so many oth
ers of the day, owing their rise to tho
spoliation of the monasteries. Oliver's
father was a brewer, and his success la
tho management of the brewery was
mainly due to Oliver's mother. No other
member of Oliver's family neither h3
wife nor his father Influenced him, as
did his mother. She was devoted to him,
and he, in turn. loved her tenderly and
respected her deeply. He followed her
advice when young; he established her
In the royal palace of Whitehall when he
came to greatness, and when she dlad
he buried her in Westminster abbey.
As a boy he received his education at
Huntingdon, but when 17 years old was
sent to Cambridge university. A strong,
hearty young fellow, fond of horseplay
and rough pranks, as Indeed he showed
himself to be even when the weight of
the whole kingdom rested on his shoulders
he nevertheless seems to have been a.
fair student, laying tho foundation for
that knowledge of Greek literature and
the Latin language, and that fondness
for books, which afterward struck tha
representatives of the foreign powers at
London. In 1617 his father died, and he
left Cambridge. When 21 years old ha
was married, in London, to Elizabeth
Bourchder. who was one year older thai
he was, tho daughter of a rich London
furrier. She was a woman of gentle an J
amiable character, and, though she doc3
not appear to have Influenced Cromwells
public career to any perceptible extent,
ho always regarded her with fond affec
tion, and was always faithful to her.
1 0
"Two jewels time and good advice."
Two boon companions. Hood's Sarsapa
rllla and pure blood.