THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JANTJAEY 8, 1900. QH PRICES FOR MEAT ECONOMIC COXDXTXOX AFFECT ING EVERY HOUSEHOLD. bummers Hare Been Increasing:, reduction Has Decreased Tariff Shut Off Cattle From Mexico. ?he high price of meat has become a ee- ias thing in all of the Industrial centers, Id at the present rate of increase may become a problem which the govern- bnt will be called upon to solve, says a ishington special to the Philadelphia fcUc Ledger. For many weeks past the serai complaint of high prices among poor of the large cities has usually slved Into an incoherent outburst ialnst the beef combine of Chicago. The xnt movement among the hutchors of h? York, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltl- bre and Pittsburg against the trust, as 1 may be called, was aimed against the leged exactions of that organization, but itcer the trust may be doing to ex- p.t the consumers. It Is very evident that high price of meat is largely due to ses which Involve primarily the old na- ii law of supply and demand. It la .1 enough lor the people generally to un- s-stand what really causes the unprece- LUy high prices for meat, and to this 3 It is pertinent to make an investlga- Bn of the real condition of the American pat-producing industry. .hat the retail price of meat Is now as ;h or higher than at any time since resumption of specie payment is a :t which cannot be ignored by Amer- . s consuming millions, and while It may true that the beef combine has been thtening the screws on the meat eaters, I must be admitted that the meat pro- leers are faring better in most respects Sm they have ever fared before. If, :rcfcre, the trust is able to levy upon sumers to suit itself, it is also true the producers have been powerful jpagh to compel the trust to pay enor- 3Us prices for live cattle, sheep and Since the trust question will likely dealt with at length by the politicians Bring the coming year, it may be well to the beef combine over to their tender tercles and investigate the real great lestion confronting America as a meat- jducing country. scllne of Meat-Producing; Industry. Plainly stated, the fact is the meat-pro- fclng industry in the United States is istantly declining, while the meat-con- ilng capacity of the nation and the feign demand is rapidly expanding. If have now nearly 20.000,000 more meat Iters than we had 10 or 12 years ago, and hre than 31,000,000 beef cattle less, the rce of this statement can be readily ap pelated by the intelligent student of cur it economic conditions. Uot only in beef this tremendous shrinkage apparent have 14.000,000 less hogs than in 1890 Id 11,000,000 less sheep than in 18S3, the ?atest sheep year in our history. we ive 2,(00,000 less sheep than we had In h, 30 years ago, when our population is only 40 per cent of what It Is today. other words, we are consuming and ing meat faster than we are producing and the result is that, responding to traordlnarily high prices, breeders are !l.ng not only the yearly Increase of their rds end flocks, but depleting their breed- stocks as well. The extent to which shrinkage has been going on Is well istrated by the figures of the bureau animal industry. Here are the cattle lures not including milch cows, begln- with 1ES9, and coming down to 1699, the ter year being estimated: I"-jt. No cattle. Decrease. 19 36.849,024 1,E16.G97 10 3C.S75.648 26,624 11 37.651,239 774.591 2 35.954.196 1.697,042 3G,0OS,16S 653.792 14 34,364.216 2.243.952 5 . 32.0SS.409 2.279.S07 K , 30,403.403 1.577.031 29.264,197 1.244.Z11 8 . 27,994,225 1,269.972 25,800,000 2,194,225 jlncrease. ie Tariff Act Represses Industry. In round numbers, then, our beef stock decreased about 30 per cent within a icade against an approximate increase our population of 30 per cent. It Is not icult to see the finish of our greatness a beefproduclng country unless some- ling is done to arrest this remarkable fr!vllng process. The Australian Sought of several years ago threw the rden of supplying Europe with beef on this country, and this, added to the larkable industrial revival throughout e Trlted States, which has Increased at consumption in almost every house- Md, has placed a greater strain upon x meatproduclng capacity than it can mfl very long without disastrous consc iences. This demand has been appre- itly stimulated by the Spanlsh-Amerl- n war of 1SB8 and the Boer war now Iging In South Africa. "he DJngley tariff law of 1897 has ac- r.tuated these conditions by absolutely Suiting off the importation of stock cat- from Mexico, a country which used to smlsh tens of thousands of stock cattle the ranges of Texas, New Mexico .and rlzona, as well as small steers which fere driven from the border states and ritories to the better maturing iges of the Northern states and Irritories of the transmlsslsslppl region. low higher prices have operated to de fease herds may be shown by the fact ai in 18S9 the average price for beef litis throughout the country was $15 21 tr head, while at the present time it is lore than ?2S 50. The Decrease in Hogs. in cattle, so In hogs. Since 1S91 there lis been a gradual reduction, as the fol Iwing table shows: sar. No. hogs. Decrease. 50.625.105 977 574 31 52.39S.019 "1.772.913 92 46,694,807 6,303,212 33 4i,206.49S 88S.309 , 44.1G5.716 1,040.782 42.842.759 1.322.957 m , 40.009,276 2.242.4S8 39.759.993 S40.2S3 3S.651.631 1.108.362 35,500.000 2,151.631 increase. rhe figures, which are as correct as can had in advance of official figures from te bureau of animal industry, show that 1590, when our population was 62.500,000. e had 15 000,000 hogs more than we now ive with a population, excluding the flonles, of 79,000,000. Falling: Off in Sheep. le decrease in sheep has been just as renounced. It Is estimated that there he now in the country 38,000,000 sheep, as pmpcrd with 50,626.000 in 18S3. Texas lid in 1883 nearly 8,000,000 sheep, whereas foe now has only 2,450,000. Texas likewise id on her ranges 7.167.800 head of beef id stock cattle, against 4,100,000 head at te present time. Of course, mutton does l now enter so largely Into consumption beef and pork. The nocks furnish our pmestic wool supply, and it may be ex acted that shortly the sheep industry 111 reflect the higher prices which pro mpted wool brings. That is, the flocks till rapidly increase, and eventually serve furnish cheaper meat as well as an lundance of wooL There is no such pros- Ct for cattle, since stock cows are bring- tg such good prloos that they are shipped market for slaughter. Ordinarily the igh prices would result In an Increased rodurtlon. but there is no way to expand this direction unless by a removal of fee duty the herds of Mexico can be btwn upon for breeding purposes. Many the cattlemen would resist this, but ty number of them want the embargo tteed The chief benefit would go to the rer classes in the large cities, which ire now loudly clamoring for cheaper if It is not unlikely that the present sngrcss will look into this Question to lae if the present condition of the cat tle Industry will warrant any interference with the DIngley tariff of 27 per cent ad valorem. It is well enough to say that, despite the gradually decreasing numbers of our cattle, the beeves which are marketed are much better and heavier than was the case 10 years ago. This has been caused by feeding, where long ago the cattle were matured on the ranges. The cotton seed oil mills of the Southwest have large ly stimulated beef fattening In Texas and the Indian territory. A remarkable im provement in Texas cattle has followed the cotton oil development. The question still remains, How long will the beef industry last If we continue at the present rate decreasing our stock herds? STATEMENT OF HIBERNIANS. Would Aid Boers as France Did American Colonists. WASHINGTON, Jan. 7. The national officers of the Ancient Order of Hibernians met in this city today, and issued the fol lowing statement to the public: ' "The national officers met In "Washing ton to discuss a demand on the part of tho majority of the representatives of our 130, 000 members that the order render some assistance to the Boers in the Transvaal. It was agreed to render any assistance compatible with our loyalty as American citizens, and which would not interfere with the neutrality laws of the United States. We are Impressed with the splen did precedent shown by the republic in going to war with Spain to free Cuba from the oppression of that country. We be lieve that American sympathy is with the Boers, and that we are acting Iri accord ance with the principles which urged the United States to carry the flag In a strug gle for the liberation of the gallant Cu bans. Our people would flock to the arms of America if the government marched to the assistance of the South Africans. "It is unnecessary for the Hibernians to proclaim their loyalty to the United States, but it becomes them to state that no act of theirs will be contrary to tne laws. Knowing the character of the Brit ish government, its cruelty, its ambition, we are desirous to assist the citizens ot a sister republic in their struggle to de feat English aggression. What kind or aid will be given we cannot state at tne present time, but certainly it will be or a practical nature and acceptable to tne Boer government Were this nation tho antagonist of England, we could from our ranks send 15 to 20 regiments of the best fighting material the world ever saw. In fact, in any just cause In which the United States may see fit to draw tne sword, the society would Tespond as It did In former wars. The Irish regiments of Illinois, Michigan, Massachusetts and New York were largely recruited from our ranks, and in some of the regiments of United States regulars recently sent to the front are divisions of the A O. H., duly affiliated with the parent order In this country. The order at large is hope ful that the government will yet rfse to the wishes and hopes of the Irish-Americans and extend to the brave Boers the sympathy France gave to this country in 1776. "JOHN T. HEATING, "National President, Illinois. "JAMES E. NOONAN, "National "Vice-President, New York. "H. P. MORGAN, "National Treasurer, Washington. "JAMES T. SULLIVAN, "National Secretary, Philadelphia, "National directors: P. J. O'Connor, Georgia: P. K. O'Neill. Philadelphia; E. J. Slattery, Massachusetts; Rev M. J. Byrne, Indiana." Hibernians Promise Boers Aid. ALBANY, N. Y., Jan. 7. The Ancient Order of Hibernians, of Albany county, in convention here today, adopted resolu tions offering their heartiest congratula tions to the Boers for the "gallant fight which they are making for the protection of their lives and liberty," and promising aid in case their national officers should see fit to order a pnll tn stHlro Kin- England. England Has Few Friends Here. NEW YORK, Jan. 8. A special to the Tribune from Norwich. Conn., says: The committee appointed by the meeting In Netv Haven, of which Alexander Troup was chairman, is sending out appeals for money to aid the Boers. The first pro Boer meetings were held by Hibernian and other Irish societies, but this move seems to be more general and prominent. Tho presence of such men as Alexander Troup, Homer Cummings, John Murphy, Patrick Walsh and other democratic lead ers confirms the reports current that the claim of Boer sympathy is a big play for German and German-American votes at the coming election. Three different meet ings were held east of the Connecticut river Friday, four were held last night, and a number of Hibernians and Clan-na-Gaels will meet today to perfect plans for assisting the Boers. Prominent Boer agents from New York and Philadelphia say they have hundreds of applicatiiona to enlist in the Boer service. In Mossup, Jewett City, Putnam and Wllllmantic and this city there are young men ready to leave at a moment's notice to do hos pital work or to en'ter the ranks. At all of the stations along the railroads where farmers gather in the early morning to ship milk to distant cities, the Boer-English war is the sole subject of conversa tion, and England has not a friend among them. RAISING THE WIND. Devices Resorted to by Sailors to Get Out of "Bald Spots." New York Press. An old superstition of which your steam boat sailor Is ignorant is whistling for a breeze. A steamer prefers smooth water and no wind at all, as under these condi tions she develops her highest rate of speed. Aboard a "windjammer" the op posite conditions obtain. Thus every de vice possible Is used to raise the wind. Of these whistling has always been held to be the most successful. In Its favor it may be said with much truth that if you only whistle long enough the wind is sure to come. Yachtsman are much imbued with the efficacy of this old-fashioned remedy for a flat calm, and their cheery trill is often heard In Long island sound, where "bald spots" are plentiful In the dogdays, especially off Larchmont and Oyster bay. If whistling does not attract the wind god, scratching the mast may do the trick. The origin of this plan never has been explained satisfactorily, but it Is In great vogue among deep-water mariners. o Woman Will Be Executed. LONDON, Jan. 7. The home secretary, Sir Matthew White Ridley, declines to interfere with the sentence of death passed upon Mme. Louise Masset, a French governess living in England, for the murder of her Illegitimate son, a child of 3 years, whose existence was an ob stacle to the marriage she had in view. The condemned woman will be executed next Tuesday. o Compromise of a Strike. CHICAGO, Jan. 7. President Samuel Gompers, of the American Federation of Labor, has secured the assent of the piano manufacturers to terras for the settlement of the strike and lockout which has been in progress here for the last two months. Favorable action by the piano-makers' union Is regarded as certain. The settle ment Is a compromise, a 0 Want the Pope to Stop It. St. Louis Glob-Democrat. Vienna newspapers want the pope to stop the South African war. No doubt any of the British generals would be willing to step aside in favor of the pope. m o Erooklrn la a city or residences, it has I been called "the bedroom uf New York." A REPORT ON GRASSES EXPERIMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FORAGE PLANTS, Co-operation of Farmers and Agri cultural Experiment Stations Witt the National Department, WASHINGTON, Jan. 3. One of the bu reaus of the agricultural department is de voted entirely to the study of grasses, ana has assumed the name of the bureau ot agrostology. The bureau has just made a report to the secretary of agriculture on its work of the past year, and among other thinffs points out a great advance that has been made towards preserving tne ranges of the country. Some of the feat ures of the report, while not wholly local to the Pacific Northwest, are generally applicable, and consequently Interesting. The following extracts are made: "No country offers so large a number ot useful grasses and forage plants as are to be found In the United States. There aTe native species adapted to nearly every condition of soil and climate, and selec tions can be made from among these to meet almost every requirement of the fanners or the stockmen. In order to secure information as to the best variety of crops to meet the needs of the various sections and climatic conditions of the country, it Is necessary to study the con ditions that there prevail the soils, ram fall, drainage and temperatures whlcn govern the development of plants In a given area. To this end, most of the di vision force has been sent Into the field, or special agents employed to learn by direct observation the habits and distri bution of native grasses and forage plants. Experimental Work. "The experimental work begun last year at Abilene, Tex.,, has been continued with excellent results. The work being done at Abilene in testing methods of treat ment of the ranges is one of considerable interest and much practical importance. In connection with this work trial testa are being made at Abilene with a numbei of varieties of grasses and forage plants, a report on which is in preparation. Dur ing the year the work has been extended to the Pacific coast, where field observa tions have been made in California, Ore gon and Washington. Experiments with grasses and forage plants have been macro in Eastern Washington, at Yakima, in co-operation with the Northern Pacific railroad, and at Walla Walla, in co-operation with the Oregon Railroad & Naviga tion Company. A large number of varie ties have been tested during the season at Walla Walla, and among the more In teresting and most promising varieties now being cultivated are Turkestan alfalfa, from the dry regions of Western Asia, ana oasis alfalfa, from Northern Africa. These varieties resemble the common alfalra of this country, but It has already been manifest that the first-named is more hardy, and it Is believed that the latter will prove suitable for locations where Ir rigation Is impossible. Smooth brome grass has shown wonderful vitality under most trying conditions of extremes or heat, cold and drought, and slender wheat grass, with some of the native rye grasses, has shown ready adaptability to cultivated conditions and In good soil great produc tiveness. The blue grama has made excel lent growth wherever it has been culti vated. If it can be successfully introduced upon the ranges of Eastern Oregon and Washington, it will be a great boon to the stockmen of that country. Its power to resist trampling and drought gives it special value as a pasture grass, and upon rich, irrigated lands It Is. sufficiently pro ductive to make a good hay grass. "Reference was made In my last an nual report to varieties of perennial beans from the table lands of New Mexico. Seed of one of these varieties, known as Metcalfe bean, was procured In suf ficient quantity to experiment with It In a number of localities. This bean has made a fine growth at Walla Walla, and may prove to be as valuable to the dry Teglons of the West as velvet bean is to the Gulf states. Co-op cratlon of Farmers. "Tho field experiments of the division are being largely carried on through co operation with prominent farmers in dif ferent parts of the country and with some of the state experiment stations, notably those of Tennessee, South Dakota ana California, and the results are so full or promise that It seems very desirable to have this experimental work extended still further. Some of the most valuable. field Investigations have been made in co-op eratlon with the officials of the state in stitutions. Investigations are now in progress In many portions of the country and aTe proving of great value as a mean3 of ascertaining the resources and needs of the sections visited and a basis for futura work. Early In the spring of the present year a plan for conducting co-operative range experiments with drought-resisting grasses at Highmore, S. D., was effectea with the experiment station of that state. Tho work at Highmore Is well advanced, and Is Under the immediate management of one of the graduates of tne state agri cultural college. This plan of co-operation, which was made a special feature in the agricultural bill, as passed by the last session of congress, Is most economical both for the department and for the state authorities. It gives a wider Interest and value to the Investigations, and is cer tainly one of the best means of bringing' the work of the division in the closest touch with the people. Recommendations. "An increase in the appropriations for the division Is necessary In order to pro vide for the natural growth of the work and to meet the greater and constantly Increasing demands made upon It in the several lines of Investigation now carried on. Public interest In the grass and forage plant investigations has greatly Increased since the work was organized, and there is a pressing demand for tho extension of these Investigations Into new fields. This Is particularly true of the region west of the Rocky mountains, where the forage plants of the cattle ranges have been practically destroyed over large areas. Urgent demands come to us from the Gulf coast region, where the question of raising forage upon lands whose fer tility has been exhausted by long-continued cultivation in cotton isr now en gaging serious attention of Southern plan ters. Testing the cultivation and manage ment of improved forage crops on the abandoned farms of New England Is in line with the work of the division, and ought to be undertaken as a means of pro moting the welfare and prosperity of a region which well might stand unrivaled in the profitable production of prime beef, mutton and bacon. This work can be undertaken In co-operation with Individual farmers, carefully selected In localities where the Investigations will serve the widest purpose as object lessons. There can be no question as to the value and necessity of this work, and an Increase In the appropriations Is recommended In order to make It practicable to carry on the work effectively, "The holding of the drifting sands about the fortifications along the coast has been called to your attention by the war de partment, and It Is imperative that ex perimental trials of the known sand-binding grasses should be made In a number of localities where damage Ib being caused by blowing sands. Railroads whose lines pass through Bandy districts where the drifting sands often seriously impede traf fic, and private parties or corporations whose lands are being made desert wastes by shifting piles of sand are demanding Information which can only be afforded hy practical demonstrations of the adapta bility of certain grasses to fixing these destroying sand drifts. Inquiries concern ing sand binders have come to us even from Japan, where the city of Nligata, on the northwest coast, Is threatened with destruction by the sands blowing In from the sea. The state of Massachusetts has been making practical, and, so" far, effect ive tests with beach grass in holding the sand dunes of the Province Lands on Cape Cod. Similar experiments ought to be made along the South Atlantic and Pacific coasts, as well as along the she-res of the Great Lakes, and an Increase In the appropriation is Urgently recommended in order that this work may be undertaken. The experience of the past year has shown the great de sirability of securing seeds' of native grasses and forage plants, especially those of. the arid and semlarld regions, and those growing naturally upon alkaline .soils for introduction into cultivation where such plants alone will survive. The dlstribu tion of thousands of packages of these seeds even In small lots has resulted In the accomplishment of much good. More abundant means tot gathering these seeds In larger quantities Is strongly recom mended. There Js hardly any line of work in the whole range ot our Investigations to which our funds can bo more usefully directed. In order to carry out the Inves tigations here indicated and continue the lines of work now well under way larger appropriations are required, and these recommendationsare submitted in the hope that they will receive your favorable consideration." THE FATHERS AND EXPANSION A Review of Some of the Leading Features of Our Historical Policy. There is an old story about an Indolent gentleman who, finding Jt troublesome to say his prayers every night, wrote out a' prayer and pinned to the head of his bed, remarking from evening to evening, "Lord, those are my sentiments." And It would seem, says Albert Bushnell Hart, professor of history at Harvard college, In an article In the January Harper's, that some such labor-saving device might be used by the antl-expanslonlsts of the present day who are striving to show that the United States is departing from its traditional policy in annexing new territory. The point Professor Hart Is seeking to Illustrate Is that the debates of 1898-99 over the annexation of Puerto Rico and the Philippines contain "with more prolixity and less cogency the same passionate ob jections and tha same rejoinders which busied the minds of the senate and the house" In the discussion over the Louisiana purchase in 1803. Nothing new has been added to the objections then Taised by the antl-expanslonlsts, and the decision then, as now again, was very much to their un doing. When the Louisiana purchase was under discussion the objectors were as badly di vided In opinion as they are at the present day. They were simply obstructionists and had no common principle on which all could stand. Of the confusion thus engen dered Breckinridge gave history an inkling when he said In a speech: "Unfortunately for the gentlemen, no two of them can agree on the same set of objections; and, what is still more unfortunate, I believe that no two of them concur in any one Objection. In one thing only they seem to agree, and that is to vote against the bill. An honorable gentleman from Dela ware (Mr. White) considers the price to be enormous. An honorable gentleman from Connecticut who has just sat down (Mr. Tracy) says he has no objection what ever to the price; it is, he supposes, not too much. An honorable gentleman from Mas sachusetts (Mr. Pickering) says that France acquired no title from Spain, ana, therefore, our title is bad. The same gen tleman from Connecticut (Mr. Tracy) says he has no objections to the title of France; he thinks It Is a good One. The gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Pickering) con tends that the United States cannot, under the. constitution, acquire foreign territory. The gentleman from Connecticut Is or a different opinion, and has no doubt but that the United States can acquire ana hold foreign territory, but that congress alone has the power of Incorporating that territory into the Union. Of what weight, therefore, ought all their leS3er objections! be entitled to, when they are at war among themselves on the greater one7" Professor Hart follows the debates In this memorable congress to tho last end. He also takes up the debates which oc curred at other periods when expansion was under discussion. He quotes volumi nously from the papers of Washington. Jefferson, Adams, Hamilton, Randolph, Madison, Jackson and other of the fathers to show that they never entertained a doubt of the good policy and the right and duty of our government to take any and all territory which would add to tne Importance of the common country, and he holds that It is a conclusion as well set tled as anything can be "that the United States may constitutionally acquire terri tory by either conquest, purchase or vol untary cession," and that the nation may treat this new territory as it sees fit. But perhaps the most Interesting portion of Professor Hart's article is where he makes the showing that the founders or our government and the great leaders who followed after were almost of one mind in the belief that it was right to fight a foreign country for landed possession which we needed and could not other wise get In fact, the very first expan sion of our country was the result of a war of conquest. We whipped England out of certain Northwest possessions and annexed them to the United States, thus showing, at the very beginning of our government, a disposition to take terri tory by the sword. At the same time we settled another Important constitution al Issue by establishing colonial govern ments on the soil so obtained an issue Which was threshed over and settled again when Jefferson added Louisiana. Jefferson secured this expansion through peaceable means, but, nevertheless, he and the men of his time were quite prepared to go to war to accomplish the same end. Indeea, by quoting the records left from Jeffer son's day, Professor Hart leaves us in no doubt that1 war over the Mississippi coun try was confidently expected, and that public opinion was almost of one mind In considering it justified, If made necea sary, in order to expand our territory, Alexander Hamilton, for example, said! "I am In favor of delaying the event ot war over this Mississippi question, but I do not doubt that It will eventually tako place for the object In question." Leaving the Revolutionary period and the annexation of Louisiana, Professor Hart concludes his article as follows: "it this study were carried further forward, the same evident, hearty and Unappeasable Anglo-Saxon land-hunger would be found appearing in the war of 1812, in the bound ary controversies with Great Britain, m the annexation of Texas and California. Whether that was a right and wholesome hunger must be determined from the last 50 yeara of national history. But, wise or unwise, far-seeing or haphazard, consec utive or accidental, good or evil, the policy of our forefathers was a policy of terri torial extension, and they met and sup posed that they had surmounted most ot tho problems which have now returned to vex American public men, and to give concern.-to thosewho love their country." 1 '' m o An Expensive Item. Cleveland Leader. Thirt'y-two miles of snow sheds, cost ing $64 a foot, or a total of 510,813,440, rep resents the price one transcontinental railway had to pay before it would run its trains over tha Rocky mountain dl- vislon of its road. That was merely the first cost; since that outlay fully $1,000, 000 has been spent annually In keeping the sheds In repair and the exposed tracks free from snow. Illustrated Gospel Sermon. Mr. and Mrs. Dobbins gave their Illus trated gospel sermon at the First Christian church, last evening, to an Immense au dience. By request of the audience, they will give a free entertainment this evening at the First Christian church, corner Park and Columbia streets, entitled, "The Never-Ending Tragedy." NOT BUILT LIKE THE EAST REASONS WHY THE WEST HAS ITS OWN CHARACTERISTICS. Scattered Population Develops Bin- iual Trust and Big Ambitions, and Dash, and Daring. Perhaps no saner explanation of the genius of the West has been made than that offered by Arthur I. Street in Ains lee's Magazine, which reads: "Merely spotted and stained with habi tation is the country across the Missouri, and more particularly that beyond the eastern line of Colorado. Nearly 1,200,000 square miles a third of the total area of the Union with only 4,000,000 population out of tho grand American census of 77,000,000! Surely geology has done its work In tho Rockies and beyond. If there is breezlness that blows from scattered centers to scattered centers, It Is but logi cal. If the politicians will assume tasks and experiments, and presume occasion ally upon an abnormal capacity against the world, as when a solid West votes for silver, it i3 to be expected. The peoplo are used to long reaches and nervy un dertakings. They have to be In order to get things done at all. The closely knit power of the East is supplanted in the West by an expansive grasp and faith. It is a long-range adhesiveness, with the elements of inspiration and mutual trust and confidence in it. It is chivalrous and noble, because it is founded upon honest aspiration and broad fraternal sympathy. It takes victory with elation and swal lows defeat with determination to have no more of it. "Interesting1 as the land Itself, even in teresting as the monstrous canyons through which the Rio Grande railway has constructed its marvels of engineer ing skill to afford pleasure to the sight seer, are the marks which populations have left upon the surface. Many of them stand like the1 ruined cities of an cient nations, less venerable only because less ancient, but equally fruitful In sug gestions of history, equally pregnant with memories that concern man. Beginning with the border of British Columbia" and running continuously southward to the Rio Grande, these landmarks remain. De serted forts and trading stations they are In the far North, where the Hudson's Bay Company made fortunes in furs long before American agriculturists or miners stepped out of their Eastern homes. De caying haciendas and adobe villages and towns that seem old even by name, aa Tucson, In Arizona, are on the far South ern border. The huge cavities and Inden tations which the placer hose washed In the foothills of California resemble aban doned acropoles, or sometimes Inspire one with the belief that some giant pre historic race has left Its work of recon structing the earth's surface unfinished. In latter years the people have gone back over most of the landmarks In Colorado and relnhablted them; but about such places as Kokomo, at the head of one of the so-called parks, where o'nee the over land and the gold-seeking trains crossed the mountains, there is an ineffable at mosphere of dreariness and desertion. The toll to reach the point even the toil for the railroad is so great that the Instincts of admiration assume proportions of amazement and wonder at the pluck of the pioneers and their brazen hardihood In venturing Into such lofty wildernesses In order that generations to follow them might be richer and that the destiny of the nation might be pursued. "The mountains that He eastward of tho Great Salt Lake, and through which the Union Pacific twined its way, first among the transcontinental railroads, are marked In places unnumbered with the signs of sturdy thrift and humble religious obedi ence, where the Mormons worked out their Incomes In building the railroad for which the isaders of the church had taken the contracts of construction. "Some day the people of the West will themselves hunt out and consecrate to history these remnants and relicts of the places in which they once hoped to thrive, and from these points as beginnings the future historian will proceed to analyze the character of the sections of the na tion in which they He." ENGLAND'S EXTREMITY. Nove Is Our Time to Escnpe From Appanage to Her. PORTLAND, Jan. 6. (To the Editor.) Your correspondent, Mr. Wallace, of Ballston, Or., In his recent communica tion ,1s certainly amusing, even If his re vamped balderdash about what Great Britain Is, or Is not, falls to prove Inter esting. I have no doubt whatever that Mr. Wallace speaks as a cosmopolitan, 1. e., a world citizen, whose fealty belongs to Johnny Bull first, last and all the time, even If he does make his home In Oregon and perhaps actively assists in shaping Its political affairs. But this Is a digression from the main subject, the South African war and what stand our own country should take In the matter. It Is a matter of fact, and not a theory, that these United States are a world power in themselves, possessing In Its cit izens a national vitality and virility tho superior of any other nation, not except ing Great Britain and her colonies. Nat urally these attributes, so necessary for a greater and better civilization, en gender not only ambitions, but also na tional jealousies. Our country cannot and will not play second fiddle to John Bull or any other nation, and It Is just as cer tain that England Is not ready as yet to become an annex to the" United States. Let Mr. Wallace, who so valiantly holds up England as a philanthropist in spend ing $5,000,000 to relieve the famine in In dia, where 20 times that amount would not suffice to succor all the starving wretches, tell us how England and the United tates could be allies, without sooner o"r later national jealousy or jingo Ism for that matter, producing a rupture which would lead to a war between them. Suppose both these great English-speaking nations got together and undertook to dictate to the balance of the world a3 to how things should be run, would not all the others outside of this un-American entanglement resent It In so many ways that our constantly expanding commerce would suffer? Would not England want to dictate to us as to how we should con duct our foreign commerce? Would not that nation ask for several quid pro quos In the shape of free trade with tho ports of America and her newly acquired colonies? Perhaps Mr. Wallace, as one of our "cosmopolitan citizens," has been voting for protection, In season and out of It, because, he wanted higher wages for the American wage-worker than the wage slaves of England receive.' In his acclaim for an Anglo-American alliance, does he wish to transplant the low wage scale with its attendant pauperism so preva lent in England to our side of the Atlan tic? Is Mr. Wallace aware that one thirtieth of Britain's population consists of registered paupers to say nothing about thoso not so registered? If England Is such a great and freedom loving country, why is It that so many thousands of its people annually expa triate themselves to our shores In order to make a more comfortable living? Why do people emigrate at all? Do Americans natives emigrate to other countries for a living vary mucn? Is it not a fact that Americans and Frenchmen are least pos sessed of this migration habit for the all sufficlent reason that they are satisfied with their conditions at home? The only thing that we have in common with England as It Is ruled today by Its vile, but titled money oligarchy a por tion of which has been transplanted to our soil Is the English language. England buys from us only that which she cannot obtain elsewhere cheaper, and I defy Mr. Wallace to disprove this assertion. As for his claim that Britain and America must stand together to civilize tho world. I which, In this Instance means shooting - -r- . The battle of life is a hard fight for most persons. It lasts from child hood to old age almost from the cradle to the grave in many cases. Parents, will you allow your children to go into this great.battle unpre pared, and trust to luck to succeed ? Surely not. We can help you. We teach exactly such things as every young man and every young woman ought to know. In fact, we are outfitters of young people for the battle of life. Call or send for our catalogue. It explains our work fully, and may be had for the asking. Portland A. P. ARMSTRONO, Prin. Fifth and the same Into heathens and unarmed nig gers, Is not the mission of our country, thank God, although it has been that of England for decades. But England for once confronts another kind of a foe, one who knows how to shoot well even if he is in a numerical minority. And it is for this reason that Englishmen and hysteri cal Americans of the stripe of Mr. Wal lace are shouting that "blood is thicker than water" and asking for the sympathy of Americans. Here Is where one of the quid pro quos previously mentioned comes In, by tho claim being made that England stood by us during our late trouble with Spain. If Mr. Wallace de sires my view as to why England tacitly sided with us in this Spanish affair I shall be pleased to give It to him later on. Mr. Wallace states that England 13 fighting this war because of its Ultlanders and because the Boers declared war upon England. This does not agree with the more or less motrical composition on the Trans vaal war, entitled "Spartan Mothers," written by Alfred Austin, by girace of Queen Victoria poet laureate of England. The following lines occur in this latest effusion: The sister's sigh, the maiden's tear. The wife, the widow's stifled wail, Theso nerve the hand, these brace the spear, And epeed them over veldt and vale. "What is to him. Or life or limb. Who rends the chain and breaks the rod! "Who falls for Freedom, falls for God. The idea of asserting even In poetry, which Is supposed to partake largely of the Imaginative, that the British war against the Boers Is being fought "for freedom and for God" Is truly worthy of this poor rhym ster who rattles around In the shoes formerly filled by Tennyson. But this poet laureate's hypocritical pretensions are no greater than those of some alleged Americans and their newspaper allies, which pretend to believe that this South African war of conquest for gold is a crusade In behalf of "Christianity and civilization." I most emphatically insist that America has greater need at this moment to study what Washington taught, warning us against the "Insidious wiles of foreign Influence." Let the pungent statement of President Jordan, of Stanford university, In a late address, govern Americans: "This is the meaning of Washington's farewell address that America should grow great and strong within herself, should keep out of all fights and friend ships not her own, should have no terri tory In which a free man cannot live and should own no possession which may not In time be numbered among the United States." As I have stated In my previous letter, England is In dire peril as far as her colonial possessions or dependencies are concerned, and will need help. This she wants from unselfish America, and selfish Amercans are seeking to help her by en tangling our nation with that of Eng land's troubles. He Is no American that desires his coun try to become an appanage of Britain's. It Was Canning who said: "I called the New World Into existence to redress the balance of the old." This holds literally true with what American destiny should be, a counterbalance to the rest of the world, something which is Impossible were we to take sides In any struggle be tween other nations In which we have nothing at stake. Business knows no sentiment and If wo would achieve commercial greatness so necessary for our future welfare, wo must keep on good terms with all peo ples, Boer and Britain included. For every mistake made by other nations from a commercial standpoint, whether It Is because such are embroiled In war or otherwise, we must take advantage there of, and using an old familiar adage, "Make hay while the sun shines." I note that Mr. Mallace keeps discreet ly mum about our own "Ultlanders" who are cooped up In the British Klondike pay ing an exorbitant tax to Canadian officials without representation, and In the Atlin district Americans were warned off un less they forswore their American citizen ship for a mess of Canadian pottage. But then these things at home here cut no figure with such people, who believe that the acme of perfection abides only in British manhood. In conclusion, I would commend to Mr. Wallace's notice. If he Is an American In the fullest meaning of this term, Scott's "Last Minstrel," "Breathes there the man with soul so dead." etc. C. W. EMAN. A Paris journal says that Americans buy $7,000,000 worth of millinery of them annually, England following with $4,000, 000, while Germany is satisfied with ?600, 000 worth. The Dr. Sanden Electric Belt with attachment for men gives strength and overcomes the effects of early indiscre tions or later excesses. Six thousand gave willing testimony during 1899. Es tablished 30 years. Write for free book explaining all, or drop in at my office and consult me without charge. Electric Appliances a Sure Call or write for "Three Classes of Men." DR. A. T. SANDEN Russe! BIdg., Cor. Fourth and Morrison Sts. PORTLAND, OR. Office Hours: 9 to 9; Sundays, 9 to 1. W&Ma copyrighted ?WS J. A. WESCO, Secretary. HOTEL ARRIVALS. THE PORTLAND, C E Pattern, Seattle "W H Morrison. S P J L Warner, Seattle C I. "Willis and wife. "Gay Coney Island" C H Rolllna, Seattle A B McCaughey. St Paul "W H Smiley, Spokano Thos Doyle. Tacoma "W W Rldehalgh. As toria W M Meek, Denver C H Hayatead. Denver J O'Brien, Denver Tn. AddlBon. S P Fred'k. "Warde. X Y Mlsa M Warde. JT T W Thompson. Butte Dr Dunlap Moore. U S marine hnsnlcat A A Cabenls!, Fort Wricrht. Wn)i Wm Vercres- TMumn P W Graves, city C E M Newton, Chgo s u inompaon. St Paul' Chas Meyer. New Yrk Mr and Mrs Leo Peter son, clty M Wax. GrannevHte H Oatraskl. San Fran C K Garey and wife, San Frano.lRjM. A B Calder and -wife, Tacoma W H Carpenter. Pa P J Quales. Pa C H Souther. -Beaton C J Johns, Sumpter J T Oulnn rcOT Viu.Tr C S Jackeon. Pendleton G W Sanborn and wile. H H Martin. Columbus air ana ."urs u Jrune, New York: Aatorla THE PEFtKIX.q Alf Hlt. "Out Coney JW J Boyera. Spokano -u..l W Mra- W J Boyers, do Charles Belmont, do Gu3 Jacksoti. do Florence Beardsley, do Burt C Weston. do Alma Trembell, do Blanche Lockett, do Maude Scott. do Blanche Arkwrlght. do Marie Stern. do William Allen do Harry Randall. do Dick Richards, do Otis Skinner. do M G Ltsher. Vancouver Mrs A Cabourn, Spkne Mrs E T Allen, Tilla mook xt ; Kntn r-atuiTuu. W O Thompson, Olym- Pla, Wasa Mre S P Simmons, BIa Mrs M f: nat.h.n j- Jos Elswlck. Olympla t H L vlntt UOQK I M Fisher. St Paul Mrs Bugey, Asterla. Mls3 Busay, Astoria Rosa King, Chehalls H T Booth. Baker City O Johnson. San Fran J O CTnrmrt,. Con Tr.. Jas Barr, San Fran P Showman. Tillamook a. v; urunnan. Portland Mrs P Showman, do M Turle. 'sentt! n- iiy, xacoma R LaeremriTKj c -c Mrs M Turle. Seattle Geo Vallum, Tacoma Afrj T a,,..!. c v T Peterson. Tacoma L J Wade. Tacoma J A Stewart. Gray'a River J Robson. Heppner E E Caplln. Heppner J T Johnson. Heppner C P Dlttmore, Stanford xi iaiK. .uoisa city N Tnvnn .Tfliunli r M I. Consey. La Grande J E Lancaster. Sumpter j-ibiui. ufltaenaaie Mrs C B TTnrixlan On j x Lawson, S F ?W.AcaSS,-SSio a m. uames, Aetcrta iriii wi' '"',tu"a A c Murray, do E Miller Astoria Mrs S Murray. d W Price. King's Vly.VH McChesney. Omalw. SPW&L Aai0Jla- W T Sparswlck. Omaha B F -Wellington. S P j Jones. Astoria """""' THE niPERIAL. C W. Knowles. Manager. G H Stevenson, Van- J W Reed. Gardiner u1ver J "W Heard. San Fran C D Latourette. Or City Ed Stone. Albany H C Casebolt. Or City J K Weatherford. dm wi1, . , i ap9' Jacksonville W L Vvhitmore, Astorla,E B Gatacre. Redding John Fox, Astoria C Flsk. city J Beaton. Chicago W c Cowglll. Baker Cty H R Burke. San Fran J W Chapman. Sp!aiie TboaEuncau. San FrJL R Searla, New York AJ5 Johnson, SanFranE C Hanson. Salem A H Huntington, Baker B P MeCornack. Safem flty , Mrs E P McCbrnata. Walter Lyon. Salem W J Furnish. Pndtetoa F,a 7a5 Putern. Oak- G B Hegaral and son. land, Cal Fort Stevens. Or Sai FTy' r.SaieJP- lF D Kuettner. Asterla M J Ltddy, San Fran Mrs Kuettner. Astoria Mrs West, Weatport Mra G A Shields, db H C Thompson. Astoria THE ST. CHARLES. C F Smith. Roseburg fi A Hampton, Pen J B Lonegren, Clata- J dleton. Or kanle ti D Burtllck. Tillamook. O C Relnseth. Washugl? J H Moulton. Spokane m. v. i-cumr, jp t elevens!-" -:. .uinn C H Trotter. Roeeburg J II Minter. rrhnrloNran W II Wfiphhmrt An W S Moon, Eugene W A MHm. nu P Wilson, Memphis !r" it nth.. x... -i, chas Wlnton. city J A Jensen, Or City B Wheeler, Pleasant Home R R Coleman, Dundee C Cooper, Kalama J Froman, Albany Y R Drlscoll. S P E Bonton, San Fran V W Bouton, Seattle C Franzen, Lyle L Helner, Castle Rock. J Herelas, city M Galther, Astoria Ed Hogan, Astoria R K Nichols, Astoria C T Collte. A3torIa F J Smith, city J F Conrad, Roaeburs C 1 Hide. Summit C HT Sevmnni-. RnMlor J WJf organ. Salubrla J Hendricks. do " Jones, Blackfoot A O Jeffries, Misouta C T Mllllcrnn Pm.v A B Clark. Starbuek B Rambeaugn, Seattlo J Rambeaugb, Seattle Mrs Henshaw, Franea- town. Mont Mlsa Henshaw. do P SDarka Lookout Miss Ida Sparks, do J x Wilkinson. Belse E Ennls. Boise MLss E McCaulIy, Botea j Mccauuy, uoiae Hotel Donnelly. Tacoma. European plan; headquarters for com mercial men. Chllbers's restaurant In connection. Hotel Butler, Seattle. European. Rooms with or without bath. Ladles' and gents' grillrooms in connection. Kruse's Grill Room and Restaurant Stark street, opp. Chamber of Commerce. DAILY METEOROLOGICAL ItEPOIlT. PORTLAND, Jan. T. 8 P. M. Maximum tem perature. 50; minimum temperature. 46; river reading- at IJ A. M.. T.2 feet; change la last 24 hours. O; total precipitation. 8 P. M. to 8 P. M., .20; total precipitation from. September 1, 1500, 20.03; normal precipitation from Sep tember 'l, 1S00, 21.06; deficiency, .OT; total sun shine January 0. 1800, 0; possibla sunshine, S4Q ' WEATHER SYNOPSIS. Rain has occurred In Washington, Orsgan and California, aa the effect of a Iow-priure area of considerable intensity now central la the vicinity of Vancouver Island. Winds of considerable strength, reaching a velocity of 30 miles per hour, have prevailed at Portland and alonff the coast. They are northerly, and result from tha steep gradient In pressure be--tween the low and a high that has made Its appearance off Northern California. The tew area will move rapidly eastward over the prov inces, and the high will extend toward tho north, giving, perhaps, a short period of clear ing weather although occasional rain Is ex pected Monday. The warm weather continues over the whole region from whieh reports are received, and will continue so long as the lows appear off Vancouver Island, and move efe ward over the provinces, while the highs remain in the south. WEATHER FORECASTS. Forecasts made at Portland for tho 28 hours ending midnight. Monday, January 8, 1980: Western Oregon Occasional rain; brisk tp high winds from south aiong the coast. Western Washington Rain; brisk to high south to southwest winds. Eastern Washington and Northern Idaho Oc casional rain; south winds. Eastern Oregon Occasional rain; southeast winds. Southern Idaho Fair; southerly winds. Portland and vicinity Occasional rate; brisk to high south winds. SEW TODAY. TR5T THE OLD BOOKSTORE FOR CHKAP books. 229 Yamhill st. Wellington CoaL Pacific Coast Company. Telephone. 229. 240 Washington street. Mortgage Loans On Improved city and farm property, at lowest current rates. Building loans. Installment loans. Macmaster & Birrelt. 311 Worcester tik. MONEY TO LOAN At lowest rates on Improved city property. The Title Guarantee & Trust Co, Ch amber of Commerce YamhHL