THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JANTJAEY 8, 1900.
QH PRICES FOR MEAT
ECONOMIC COXDXTXOX AFFECT
ING EVERY HOUSEHOLD.
bummers Hare Been Increasing:,
reduction Has Decreased Tariff
Shut Off Cattle From Mexico.
?he high price of meat has become a ee-
ias thing in all of the Industrial centers,
Id at the present rate of increase may
become a problem which the govern-
bnt will be called upon to solve, says a
ishington special to the Philadelphia
fcUc Ledger. For many weeks past the
serai complaint of high prices among
poor of the large cities has usually
slved Into an incoherent outburst
ialnst the beef combine of Chicago. The
xnt movement among the hutchors of
h? York, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltl-
bre and Pittsburg against the trust, as
1 may be called, was aimed against the
leged exactions of that organization, but
itcer the trust may be doing to ex-
p.t the consumers. It Is very evident that
high price of meat is largely due to
ses which Involve primarily the old na-
ii law of supply and demand. It la
.1 enough lor the people generally to un-
s-stand what really causes the unprece-
LUy high prices for meat, and to this
3 It is pertinent to make an investlga-
Bn of the real condition of the American
pat-producing industry.
.hat the retail price of meat Is now as
;h or higher than at any time since
resumption of specie payment is a
:t which cannot be ignored by Amer-
. s consuming millions, and while It may
true that the beef combine has been
thtening the screws on the meat eaters,
I must be admitted that the meat pro-
leers are faring better in most respects
Sm they have ever fared before. If,
:rcfcre, the trust is able to levy upon
sumers to suit itself, it is also true
the producers have been powerful
jpagh to compel the trust to pay enor-
3Us prices for live cattle, sheep and
Since the trust question will likely
dealt with at length by the politicians
Bring the coming year, it may be well to
the beef combine over to their tender
tercles and investigate the real great
lestion confronting America as a meat-
jducing country.
scllne of Meat-Producing; Industry.
Plainly stated, the fact is the meat-pro-
fclng industry in the United States is
istantly declining, while the meat-con-
ilng capacity of the nation and the
feign demand is rapidly expanding. If
have now nearly 20.000,000 more meat
Iters than we had 10 or 12 years ago, and
hre than 31,000,000 beef cattle less, the
rce of this statement can be readily ap
pelated by the intelligent student of cur
it economic conditions. Uot only in beef
this tremendous shrinkage apparent
have 14.000,000 less hogs than in 1890
Id 11,000,000 less sheep than in 18S3, the
?atest sheep year in our history. we
ive 2,(00,000 less sheep than we had In
h, 30 years ago, when our population
is only 40 per cent of what It Is today.
other words, we are consuming and
ing meat faster than we are producing
and the result is that, responding to
traordlnarily high prices, breeders are
!l.ng not only the yearly Increase of their
rds end flocks, but depleting their breed-
stocks as well. The extent to which
shrinkage has been going on Is well
istrated by the figures of the bureau
animal industry. Here are the cattle
lures not including milch cows, begln-
with 1ES9, and coming down to 1699, the
ter year being estimated:
I"-jt. No cattle. Decrease.
19 36.849,024 1,E16.G97
10 3C.S75.648 26,624
11 37.651,239 774.591
2 35.954.196 1.697,042
3G,0OS,16S 653.792
14 34,364.216 2.243.952
5 . 32.0SS.409 2.279.S07
K , 30,403.403 1.577.031
29.264,197 1.244.Z11
8 . 27,994,225 1,269.972
25,800,000 2,194,225
jlncrease.
ie Tariff Act Represses Industry.
In round numbers, then, our beef stock
decreased about 30 per cent within a
icade against an approximate increase
our population of 30 per cent. It Is not
icult to see the finish of our greatness
a beefproduclng country unless some-
ling is done to arrest this remarkable
fr!vllng process. The Australian
Sought of several years ago threw the
rden of supplying Europe with beef
on this country, and this, added to the
larkable industrial revival throughout
e Trlted States, which has Increased
at consumption in almost every house-
Md, has placed a greater strain upon
x meatproduclng capacity than it can
mfl very long without disastrous consc
iences. This demand has been appre-
itly stimulated by the Spanlsh-Amerl-
n war of 1SB8 and the Boer war now
Iging In South Africa.
"he DJngley tariff law of 1897 has ac-
r.tuated these conditions by absolutely
Suiting off the importation of stock cat-
from Mexico, a country which used to
smlsh tens of thousands of stock cattle
the ranges of Texas, New Mexico .and
rlzona, as well as small steers which
fere driven from the border states and
ritories to the better maturing
iges of the Northern states and
Irritories of the transmlsslsslppl region.
low higher prices have operated to de
fease herds may be shown by the fact
ai in 18S9 the average price for beef
litis throughout the country was $15 21
tr head, while at the present time it is
lore than ?2S 50.
The Decrease in Hogs.
in cattle, so In hogs. Since 1S91 there
lis been a gradual reduction, as the fol
Iwing table shows:
sar. No. hogs. Decrease.
50.625.105 977 574
31 52.39S.019 "1.772.913
92 46,694,807 6,303,212
33 4i,206.49S 88S.309
, 44.1G5.716 1,040.782
42.842.759 1.322.957
m , 40.009,276 2.242.4S8
39.759.993 S40.2S3
3S.651.631 1.108.362
35,500.000 2,151.631
increase.
rhe figures, which are as correct as can
had in advance of official figures from
te bureau of animal industry, show that
1590, when our population was 62.500,000.
e had 15 000,000 hogs more than we now
ive with a population, excluding the
flonles, of 79,000,000.
Falling: Off in Sheep.
le decrease in sheep has been just as
renounced. It Is estimated that there
he now in the country 38,000,000 sheep, as
pmpcrd with 50,626.000 in 18S3. Texas
lid in 1883 nearly 8,000,000 sheep, whereas
foe now has only 2,450,000. Texas likewise
id on her ranges 7.167.800 head of beef
id stock cattle, against 4,100,000 head at
te present time. Of course, mutton does
l now enter so largely Into consumption
beef and pork. The nocks furnish our
pmestic wool supply, and it may be ex
acted that shortly the sheep industry
111 reflect the higher prices which pro
mpted wool brings. That is, the flocks
till rapidly increase, and eventually serve
furnish cheaper meat as well as an
lundance of wooL There is no such pros-
Ct for cattle, since stock cows are bring-
tg such good prloos that they are shipped
market for slaughter. Ordinarily the
igh prices would result In an Increased
rodurtlon. but there is no way to expand
this direction unless by a removal of
fee duty the herds of Mexico can be
btwn upon for breeding purposes. Many
the cattlemen would resist this, but
ty number of them want the embargo
tteed The chief benefit would go to the
rer classes in the large cities, which
ire now loudly clamoring for cheaper
if It is not unlikely that the present
sngrcss will look into this Question to
lae if the present condition of the cat
tle Industry will warrant any interference
with the DIngley tariff of 27 per cent
ad valorem.
It is well enough to say that, despite
the gradually decreasing numbers of our
cattle, the beeves which are marketed are
much better and heavier than was the
case 10 years ago. This has been caused
by feeding, where long ago the cattle
were matured on the ranges. The cotton
seed oil mills of the Southwest have large
ly stimulated beef fattening In Texas and
the Indian territory. A remarkable im
provement in Texas cattle has followed
the cotton oil development.
The question still remains, How long
will the beef industry last If we continue
at the present rate decreasing our stock
herds?
STATEMENT OF HIBERNIANS.
Would Aid Boers as France Did
American Colonists.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 7. The national
officers of the Ancient Order of Hibernians
met in this city today, and issued the fol
lowing statement to the public:
' "The national officers met In "Washing
ton to discuss a demand on the part of tho
majority of the representatives of our 130,
000 members that the order render some
assistance to the Boers in the Transvaal.
It was agreed to render any assistance
compatible with our loyalty as American
citizens, and which would not interfere
with the neutrality laws of the United
States. We are Impressed with the splen
did precedent shown by the republic in
going to war with Spain to free Cuba from
the oppression of that country. We be
lieve that American sympathy is with the
Boers, and that we are acting Iri accord
ance with the principles which urged the
United States to carry the flag In a strug
gle for the liberation of the gallant Cu
bans. Our people would flock to the arms
of America if the government marched
to the assistance of the South Africans.
"It is unnecessary for the Hibernians to
proclaim their loyalty to the United
States, but it becomes them to state that
no act of theirs will be contrary to tne
laws. Knowing the character of the Brit
ish government, its cruelty, its ambition,
we are desirous to assist the citizens ot
a sister republic in their struggle to de
feat English aggression. What kind or
aid will be given we cannot state at tne
present time, but certainly it will be or
a practical nature and acceptable to tne
Boer government Were this nation tho
antagonist of England, we could from
our ranks send 15 to 20 regiments of the
best fighting material the world ever saw.
In fact, in any just cause In which the
United States may see fit to draw tne
sword, the society would Tespond as It
did In former wars. The Irish regiments
of Illinois, Michigan, Massachusetts and
New York were largely recruited from
our ranks, and in some of the regiments
of United States regulars recently sent
to the front are divisions of the A O. H.,
duly affiliated with the parent order In
this country. The order at large is hope
ful that the government will yet rfse to
the wishes and hopes of the Irish-Americans
and extend to the brave Boers the
sympathy France gave to this country in
1776.
"JOHN T. HEATING,
"National President, Illinois.
"JAMES E. NOONAN,
"National "Vice-President, New York.
"H. P. MORGAN,
"National Treasurer, Washington.
"JAMES T. SULLIVAN,
"National Secretary, Philadelphia,
"National directors: P. J. O'Connor,
Georgia: P. K. O'Neill. Philadelphia; E.
J. Slattery, Massachusetts; Rev M. J.
Byrne, Indiana."
Hibernians Promise Boers Aid.
ALBANY, N. Y., Jan. 7. The Ancient
Order of Hibernians, of Albany county,
in convention here today, adopted resolu
tions offering their heartiest congratula
tions to the Boers for the "gallant fight
which they are making for the protection
of their lives and liberty," and promising
aid in case their national officers should
see fit to order a pnll tn stHlro Kin-
England.
England Has Few Friends Here.
NEW YORK, Jan. 8. A special to the
Tribune from Norwich. Conn., says:
The committee appointed by the meeting
In Netv Haven, of which Alexander Troup
was chairman, is sending out appeals for
money to aid the Boers. The first pro
Boer meetings were held by Hibernian
and other Irish societies, but this move
seems to be more general and prominent.
Tho presence of such men as Alexander
Troup, Homer Cummings, John Murphy,
Patrick Walsh and other democratic lead
ers confirms the reports current that the
claim of Boer sympathy is a big play for
German and German-American votes at
the coming election. Three different meet
ings were held east of the Connecticut
river Friday, four were held last night,
and a number of Hibernians and Clan-na-Gaels
will meet today to perfect plans
for assisting the Boers. Prominent Boer
agents from New York and Philadelphia
say they have hundreds of applicatiiona
to enlist in the Boer service. In Mossup,
Jewett City, Putnam and Wllllmantic
and this city there are young men ready
to leave at a moment's notice to do hos
pital work or to en'ter the ranks. At all
of the stations along the railroads where
farmers gather in the early morning to
ship milk to distant cities, the Boer-English
war is the sole subject of conversa
tion, and England has not a friend among
them.
RAISING THE WIND.
Devices Resorted to by Sailors to
Get Out of "Bald Spots."
New York Press.
An old superstition of which your steam
boat sailor Is ignorant is whistling for a
breeze. A steamer prefers smooth water
and no wind at all, as under these condi
tions she develops her highest rate of
speed. Aboard a "windjammer" the op
posite conditions obtain. Thus every de
vice possible Is used to raise the wind.
Of these whistling has always been held
to be the most successful. In Its favor it
may be said with much truth that if you
only whistle long enough the wind is sure
to come. Yachtsman are much imbued
with the efficacy of this old-fashioned
remedy for a flat calm, and their cheery
trill is often heard In Long island sound,
where "bald spots" are plentiful In the
dogdays, especially off Larchmont and
Oyster bay.
If whistling does not attract the wind
god, scratching the mast may do the
trick. The origin of this plan never has
been explained satisfactorily, but it Is In
great vogue among deep-water mariners.
o
Woman Will Be Executed.
LONDON, Jan. 7. The home secretary,
Sir Matthew White Ridley, declines to
interfere with the sentence of death
passed upon Mme. Louise Masset, a
French governess living in England, for
the murder of her Illegitimate son, a child
of 3 years, whose existence was an ob
stacle to the marriage she had in view.
The condemned woman will be executed
next Tuesday.
o
Compromise of a Strike.
CHICAGO, Jan. 7. President Samuel
Gompers, of the American Federation of
Labor, has secured the assent of the piano
manufacturers to terras for the settlement
of the strike and lockout which has been
in progress here for the last two months.
Favorable action by the piano-makers'
union Is regarded as certain. The settle
ment Is a compromise,
a 0
Want the Pope to Stop It.
St. Louis Glob-Democrat.
Vienna newspapers want the pope to stop
the South African war. No doubt any of
the British generals would be willing to
step aside in favor of the pope.
m o
Erooklrn la a city or residences, it has
I been called "the bedroom uf New York."
A REPORT ON GRASSES
EXPERIMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF FORAGE PLANTS,
Co-operation of Farmers and Agri
cultural Experiment Stations Witt
the National Department,
WASHINGTON, Jan. 3. One of the bu
reaus of the agricultural department is de
voted entirely to the study of grasses, ana
has assumed the name of the bureau ot
agrostology. The bureau has just made
a report to the secretary of agriculture on
its work of the past year, and among other
thinffs points out a great advance that
has been made towards preserving tne
ranges of the country. Some of the feat
ures of the report, while not wholly local
to the Pacific Northwest, are generally
applicable, and consequently Interesting.
The following extracts are made:
"No country offers so large a number ot
useful grasses and forage plants as are to
be found In the United States. There aTe
native species adapted to nearly every
condition of soil and climate, and selec
tions can be made from among these
to meet almost every requirement of the
fanners or the stockmen. In order to
secure information as to the best variety
of crops to meet the needs of the various
sections and climatic conditions of the
country, it Is necessary to study the con
ditions that there prevail the soils, ram
fall, drainage and temperatures whlcn
govern the development of plants In a
given area. To this end, most of the di
vision force has been sent Into the field,
or special agents employed to learn by
direct observation the habits and distri
bution of native grasses and forage plants.
Experimental Work.
"The experimental work begun last year
at Abilene, Tex.,, has been continued with
excellent results. The work being done
at Abilene in testing methods of treat
ment of the ranges is one of considerable
interest and much practical importance.
In connection with this work trial testa
are being made at Abilene with a numbei
of varieties of grasses and forage plants,
a report on which is in preparation. Dur
ing the year the work has been extended
to the Pacific coast, where field observa
tions have been made in California, Ore
gon and Washington. Experiments with
grasses and forage plants have been macro
in Eastern Washington, at Yakima, in
co-operation with the Northern Pacific
railroad, and at Walla Walla, in co-operation
with the Oregon Railroad & Naviga
tion Company. A large number of varie
ties have been tested during the season
at Walla Walla, and among the more In
teresting and most promising varieties now
being cultivated are Turkestan alfalfa,
from the dry regions of Western Asia, ana
oasis alfalfa, from Northern Africa. These
varieties resemble the common alfalra
of this country, but It has already been
manifest that the first-named is more
hardy, and it Is believed that the latter
will prove suitable for locations where Ir
rigation Is impossible. Smooth brome
grass has shown wonderful vitality under
most trying conditions of extremes or
heat, cold and drought, and slender wheat
grass, with some of the native rye grasses,
has shown ready adaptability to cultivated
conditions and In good soil great produc
tiveness. The blue grama has made excel
lent growth wherever it has been culti
vated. If it can be successfully introduced
upon the ranges of Eastern Oregon and
Washington, it will be a great boon to the
stockmen of that country. Its power to
resist trampling and drought gives it
special value as a pasture grass, and upon
rich, irrigated lands It Is. sufficiently pro
ductive to make a good hay grass.
"Reference was made In my last an
nual report to varieties of perennial beans
from the table lands of New Mexico.
Seed of one of these varieties, known
as Metcalfe bean, was procured In suf
ficient quantity to experiment with It In
a number of localities. This bean has made
a fine growth at Walla Walla, and may
prove to be as valuable to the dry Teglons
of the West as velvet bean is to the
Gulf states.
Co-op cratlon of Farmers.
"Tho field experiments of the division
are being largely carried on through co
operation with prominent farmers in dif
ferent parts of the country and with some
of the state experiment stations, notably
those of Tennessee, South Dakota ana
California, and the results are so full or
promise that It seems very desirable to
have this experimental work extended still
further. Some of the most valuable. field
Investigations have been made in co-op
eratlon with the officials of the state in
stitutions. Investigations are now in
progress In many portions of the country
and aTe proving of great value as a mean3
of ascertaining the resources and needs of
the sections visited and a basis for futura
work. Early In the spring of the present
year a plan for conducting co-operative
range experiments with drought-resisting
grasses at Highmore, S. D., was effectea
with the experiment station of that state.
Tho work at Highmore Is well advanced,
and Is Under the immediate management
of one of the graduates of tne state agri
cultural college. This plan of co-operation,
which was made a special feature in the
agricultural bill, as passed by the last
session of congress, Is most economical
both for the department and for the state
authorities. It gives a wider Interest and
value to the Investigations, and is cer
tainly one of the best means of bringing'
the work of the division in the closest
touch with the people.
Recommendations.
"An increase in the appropriations for
the division Is necessary In order to pro
vide for the natural growth of the work
and to meet the greater and constantly
Increasing demands made upon It in the
several lines of Investigation now carried
on. Public interest In the grass and forage
plant investigations has greatly Increased
since the work was organized, and there
is a pressing demand for tho extension
of these Investigations Into new fields.
This Is particularly true of the region
west of the Rocky mountains, where the
forage plants of the cattle ranges have
been practically destroyed over large
areas. Urgent demands come to us from
the Gulf coast region, where the question
of raising forage upon lands whose fer
tility has been exhausted by long-continued
cultivation in cotton isr now en
gaging serious attention of Southern plan
ters. Testing the cultivation and manage
ment of improved forage crops on the
abandoned farms of New England Is in
line with the work of the division, and
ought to be undertaken as a means of pro
moting the welfare and prosperity of a
region which well might stand unrivaled
in the profitable production of prime beef,
mutton and bacon. This work can be
undertaken In co-operation with Individual
farmers, carefully selected In localities
where the Investigations will serve the
widest purpose as object lessons. There
can be no question as to the value and
necessity of this work, and an Increase
In the appropriations Is recommended In
order to make It practicable to carry on
the work effectively,
"The holding of the drifting sands about
the fortifications along the coast has been
called to your attention by the war de
partment, and It Is imperative that ex
perimental trials of the known sand-binding
grasses should be made In a number
of localities where damage Ib being caused
by blowing sands. Railroads whose lines
pass through Bandy districts where the
drifting sands often seriously impede traf
fic, and private parties or corporations
whose lands are being made desert wastes
by shifting piles of sand are demanding
Information which can only be afforded
hy practical demonstrations of the adapta
bility of certain grasses to fixing these
destroying sand drifts. Inquiries concern
ing sand binders have come to us even
from Japan, where the city of Nligata,
on the northwest coast, Is threatened with
destruction by the sands blowing In from
the sea. The state of Massachusetts has
been making practical, and, so" far, effect
ive tests with beach grass in holding the
sand dunes of the Province Lands on Cape
Cod. Similar experiments ought to be
made along the South Atlantic
and Pacific coasts, as well as
along the she-res of the Great Lakes,
and an Increase In the appropriation is
Urgently recommended in order that this
work may be undertaken. The experience
of the past year has shown the great de
sirability of securing seeds' of native
grasses and forage plants, especially those
of. the arid and semlarld regions, and those
growing naturally upon alkaline .soils for
introduction into cultivation where such
plants alone will survive. The dlstribu
tion of thousands of packages of these
seeds even In small lots has resulted In
the accomplishment of much good. More
abundant means tot gathering these seeds
In larger quantities Is strongly recom
mended. There Js hardly any line of work
in the whole range ot our Investigations
to which our funds can bo more usefully
directed. In order to carry out the Inves
tigations here indicated and continue the
lines of work now well under way larger
appropriations are required, and these
recommendationsare submitted in the hope
that they will receive your favorable consideration."
THE FATHERS AND EXPANSION
A Review of Some of the Leading
Features of Our Historical Policy.
There is an old story about an Indolent
gentleman who, finding Jt troublesome to
say his prayers every night, wrote out a'
prayer and pinned to the head of his bed,
remarking from evening to evening, "Lord,
those are my sentiments." And It would
seem, says Albert Bushnell Hart, professor
of history at Harvard college, In an article
In the January Harper's, that some such
labor-saving device might be used by the
antl-expanslonlsts of the present day who
are striving to show that the United States
is departing from its traditional policy in
annexing new territory.
The point Professor Hart Is seeking to
Illustrate Is that the debates of 1898-99 over
the annexation of Puerto Rico and the
Philippines contain "with more prolixity
and less cogency the same passionate ob
jections and tha same rejoinders which
busied the minds of the senate and the
house" In the discussion over the Louisiana
purchase in 1803. Nothing new has been
added to the objections then Taised by the
antl-expanslonlsts, and the decision then,
as now again, was very much to their un
doing. When the Louisiana purchase was under
discussion the objectors were as badly di
vided In opinion as they are at the present
day. They were simply obstructionists and
had no common principle on which all
could stand. Of the confusion thus engen
dered Breckinridge gave history an inkling
when he said In a speech: "Unfortunately
for the gentlemen, no two of them can
agree on the same set of objections; and,
what is still more unfortunate, I believe
that no two of them concur in any one
Objection. In one thing only they seem
to agree, and that is to vote against the
bill. An honorable gentleman from Dela
ware (Mr. White) considers the price to
be enormous. An honorable gentleman
from Connecticut who has just sat down
(Mr. Tracy) says he has no objection what
ever to the price; it is, he supposes, not too
much. An honorable gentleman from Mas
sachusetts (Mr. Pickering) says that
France acquired no title from Spain, ana,
therefore, our title is bad. The same gen
tleman from Connecticut (Mr. Tracy) says
he has no objections to the title of France;
he thinks It Is a good One. The gentleman
from Massachusetts (Mr. Pickering) con
tends that the United States cannot, under
the. constitution, acquire foreign territory.
The gentleman from Connecticut Is or a
different opinion, and has no doubt but
that the United States can acquire ana
hold foreign territory, but that congress
alone has the power of Incorporating that
territory into the Union. Of what weight,
therefore, ought all their leS3er objections!
be entitled to, when they are at war
among themselves on the greater one7"
Professor Hart follows the debates In
this memorable congress to tho last end.
He also takes up the debates which oc
curred at other periods when expansion
was under discussion. He quotes volumi
nously from the papers of Washington.
Jefferson, Adams, Hamilton, Randolph,
Madison, Jackson and other of the fathers
to show that they never entertained a
doubt of the good policy and the right
and duty of our government to take any
and all territory which would add to tne
Importance of the common country, and he
holds that It is a conclusion as well set
tled as anything can be "that the United
States may constitutionally acquire terri
tory by either conquest, purchase or vol
untary cession," and that the nation may
treat this new territory as it sees fit.
But perhaps the most Interesting portion
of Professor Hart's article is where he
makes the showing that the founders or
our government and the great leaders who
followed after were almost of one mind
in the belief that it was right to fight a
foreign country for landed possession
which we needed and could not other
wise get In fact, the very first expan
sion of our country was the result of a
war of conquest. We whipped England
out of certain Northwest possessions and
annexed them to the United States, thus
showing, at the very beginning of our
government, a disposition to take terri
tory by the sword. At the same time
we settled another Important constitution
al Issue by establishing colonial govern
ments on the soil so obtained an issue
Which was threshed over and settled again
when Jefferson added Louisiana. Jefferson
secured this expansion through peaceable
means, but, nevertheless, he and the men
of his time were quite prepared to go to
war to accomplish the same end. Indeea,
by quoting the records left from Jeffer
son's day, Professor Hart leaves us in no
doubt that1 war over the Mississippi coun
try was confidently expected, and that
public opinion was almost of one mind In
considering it justified, If made necea
sary, in order to expand our territory,
Alexander Hamilton, for example, said!
"I am In favor of delaying the event ot
war over this Mississippi question, but I
do not doubt that It will eventually tako
place for the object In question."
Leaving the Revolutionary period and
the annexation of Louisiana, Professor
Hart concludes his article as follows: "it
this study were carried further forward,
the same evident, hearty and Unappeasable
Anglo-Saxon land-hunger would be found
appearing in the war of 1812, in the bound
ary controversies with Great Britain, m
the annexation of Texas and California.
Whether that was a right and wholesome
hunger must be determined from the last
50 yeara of national history. But, wise or
unwise, far-seeing or haphazard, consec
utive or accidental, good or evil, the policy
of our forefathers was a policy of terri
torial extension, and they met and sup
posed that they had surmounted most ot
tho problems which have now returned to
vex American public men, and to give
concern.-to thosewho love their country."
1 '' m o
An Expensive Item.
Cleveland Leader.
Thirt'y-two miles of snow sheds, cost
ing $64 a foot, or a total of 510,813,440, rep
resents the price one transcontinental
railway had to pay before it would run
its trains over tha Rocky mountain dl-
vislon of its road. That was merely the
first cost; since that outlay fully $1,000,
000 has been spent annually In keeping
the sheds In repair and the exposed tracks
free from snow.
Illustrated Gospel Sermon.
Mr. and Mrs. Dobbins gave their Illus
trated gospel sermon at the First Christian
church, last evening, to an Immense au
dience. By request of the audience, they
will give a free entertainment this evening
at the First Christian church, corner Park
and Columbia streets, entitled, "The
Never-Ending Tragedy."
NOT BUILT LIKE THE EAST
REASONS WHY THE WEST HAS ITS
OWN CHARACTERISTICS.
Scattered Population Develops Bin-
iual Trust and Big Ambitions, and
Dash, and Daring.
Perhaps no saner explanation of the
genius of the West has been made than
that offered by Arthur I. Street in Ains
lee's Magazine, which reads:
"Merely spotted and stained with habi
tation is the country across the Missouri,
and more particularly that beyond the
eastern line of Colorado. Nearly 1,200,000
square miles a third of the total area of
the Union with only 4,000,000 population
out of tho grand American census of
77,000,000! Surely geology has done its
work In tho Rockies and beyond. If there
is breezlness that blows from scattered
centers to scattered centers, It Is but logi
cal. If the politicians will assume tasks
and experiments, and presume occasion
ally upon an abnormal capacity against
the world, as when a solid West votes for
silver, it i3 to be expected. The peoplo
are used to long reaches and nervy un
dertakings. They have to be In order to
get things done at all. The closely knit
power of the East is supplanted in the
West by an expansive grasp and faith.
It is a long-range adhesiveness, with the
elements of inspiration and mutual trust
and confidence in it. It is chivalrous and
noble, because it is founded upon honest
aspiration and broad fraternal sympathy.
It takes victory with elation and swal
lows defeat with determination to have no
more of it.
"Interesting1 as the land Itself, even in
teresting as the monstrous canyons
through which the Rio Grande railway
has constructed its marvels of engineer
ing skill to afford pleasure to the sight
seer, are the marks which populations
have left upon the surface. Many of
them stand like the1 ruined cities of an
cient nations, less venerable only because
less ancient, but equally fruitful In sug
gestions of history, equally pregnant with
memories that concern man. Beginning
with the border of British Columbia" and
running continuously southward to the
Rio Grande, these landmarks remain. De
serted forts and trading stations they are
In the far North, where the Hudson's
Bay Company made fortunes in furs long
before American agriculturists or miners
stepped out of their Eastern homes. De
caying haciendas and adobe villages and
towns that seem old even by name, aa
Tucson, In Arizona, are on the far South
ern border. The huge cavities and Inden
tations which the placer hose washed In
the foothills of California resemble aban
doned acropoles, or sometimes Inspire
one with the belief that some giant pre
historic race has left Its work of recon
structing the earth's surface unfinished.
In latter years the people have gone back
over most of the landmarks In Colorado
and relnhablted them; but about such
places as Kokomo, at the head of one of
the so-called parks, where o'nee the over
land and the gold-seeking trains crossed
the mountains, there is an ineffable at
mosphere of dreariness and desertion. The
toll to reach the point even the toil for
the railroad is so great that the Instincts
of admiration assume proportions of
amazement and wonder at the pluck of
the pioneers and their brazen hardihood
In venturing Into such lofty wildernesses
In order that generations to follow them
might be richer and that the destiny of
the nation might be pursued.
"The mountains that He eastward of tho
Great Salt Lake, and through which the
Union Pacific twined its way, first among
the transcontinental railroads, are marked
In places unnumbered with the signs of
sturdy thrift and humble religious obedi
ence, where the Mormons worked out
their Incomes In building the railroad for
which the isaders of the church had taken
the contracts of construction.
"Some day the people of the West will
themselves hunt out and consecrate to
history these remnants and relicts of the
places in which they once hoped to thrive,
and from these points as beginnings the
future historian will proceed to analyze
the character of the sections of the na
tion in which they He."
ENGLAND'S EXTREMITY.
Nove Is Our Time to Escnpe From
Appanage to Her.
PORTLAND, Jan. 6. (To the Editor.)
Your correspondent, Mr. Wallace, of
Ballston, Or., In his recent communica
tion ,1s certainly amusing, even If his re
vamped balderdash about what Great
Britain Is, or Is not, falls to prove Inter
esting. I have no doubt whatever that
Mr. Wallace speaks as a cosmopolitan, 1.
e., a world citizen, whose fealty belongs
to Johnny Bull first, last and all the
time, even If he does make his home In
Oregon and perhaps actively assists in
shaping Its political affairs. But this Is a
digression from the main subject, the
South African war and what stand our
own country should take In the matter.
It Is a matter of fact, and not a theory,
that these United States are a world
power in themselves, possessing In Its cit
izens a national vitality and virility tho
superior of any other nation, not except
ing Great Britain and her colonies. Nat
urally these attributes, so necessary for
a greater and better civilization, en
gender not only ambitions, but also na
tional jealousies. Our country cannot and
will not play second fiddle to John Bull
or any other nation, and It Is just as cer
tain that England Is not ready as yet to
become an annex to the" United States.
Let Mr. Wallace, who so valiantly holds
up England as a philanthropist in spend
ing $5,000,000 to relieve the famine in In
dia, where 20 times that amount would
not suffice to succor all the starving
wretches, tell us how England and the
United tates could be allies, without
sooner o"r later national jealousy or jingo
Ism for that matter, producing a rupture
which would lead to a war between them.
Suppose both these great English-speaking
nations got together and undertook
to dictate to the balance of the world a3
to how things should be run, would not all
the others outside of this un-American
entanglement resent It In so many ways
that our constantly expanding commerce
would suffer? Would not England want
to dictate to us as to how we should con
duct our foreign commerce? Would not
that nation ask for several quid pro
quos In the shape of free trade with tho
ports of America and her newly acquired
colonies?
Perhaps Mr. Wallace, as one of our
"cosmopolitan citizens," has been voting
for protection, In season and out of It,
because, he wanted higher wages for the
American wage-worker than the wage
slaves of England receive.' In his acclaim
for an Anglo-American alliance, does he
wish to transplant the low wage scale
with its attendant pauperism so preva
lent in England to our side of the Atlan
tic? Is Mr. Wallace aware that one
thirtieth of Britain's population consists
of registered paupers to say nothing about
thoso not so registered?
If England Is such a great and freedom
loving country, why is It that so many
thousands of its people annually expa
triate themselves to our shores In order
to make a more comfortable living? Why
do people emigrate at all? Do Americans
natives emigrate to other countries for
a living vary mucn? Is it not a fact that
Americans and Frenchmen are least pos
sessed of this migration habit for the all
sufficlent reason that they are satisfied
with their conditions at home?
The only thing that we have in common
with England as It Is ruled today by Its
vile, but titled money oligarchy a por
tion of which has been transplanted to our
soil Is the English language. England
buys from us only that which she cannot
obtain elsewhere cheaper, and I defy Mr.
Wallace to disprove this assertion. As
for his claim that Britain and America
must stand together to civilize tho world.
I which, In this Instance means shooting
- -r-
. The battle of life is a hard fight for most persons. It lasts from child
hood to old age almost from the cradle to the grave in many cases.
Parents, will you allow your children to go into this great.battle unpre
pared, and trust to luck to succeed ? Surely not. We can help you.
We teach exactly such things as every young man and every young
woman ought to know. In fact, we are outfitters of young people for
the battle of life. Call or send for our catalogue. It explains our work
fully, and may be had for the asking.
Portland
A. P. ARMSTRONO, Prin.
Fifth and
the same Into heathens and unarmed nig
gers, Is not the mission of our country,
thank God, although it has been that of
England for decades. But England for
once confronts another kind of a foe, one
who knows how to shoot well even if he
is in a numerical minority. And it is for
this reason that Englishmen and hysteri
cal Americans of the stripe of Mr. Wal
lace are shouting that "blood is thicker
than water" and asking for the sympathy
of Americans. Here Is where one of the
quid pro quos previously mentioned
comes In, by tho claim being made that
England stood by us during our late
trouble with Spain. If Mr. Wallace de
sires my view as to why England tacitly
sided with us in this Spanish affair I
shall be pleased to give It to him later on.
Mr. Wallace states that England 13
fighting this war because of its Ultlanders
and because the Boers declared war upon
England.
This does not agree with the more or
less motrical composition on the Trans
vaal war, entitled "Spartan Mothers,"
written by Alfred Austin, by girace of
Queen Victoria poet laureate of England.
The following lines occur in this latest
effusion:
The sister's sigh, the maiden's tear.
The wife, the widow's stifled wail,
Theso nerve the hand, these brace the spear,
And epeed them over veldt and vale.
"What is to him.
Or life or limb.
Who rends the chain and breaks the rod!
"Who falls for Freedom, falls for God.
The idea of asserting even In poetry,
which Is supposed to partake largely of
the Imaginative, that the British war
against the Boers Is being fought
"for freedom and for God" Is
truly worthy of this poor rhym
ster who rattles around In the shoes
formerly filled by Tennyson. But this
poet laureate's hypocritical pretensions
are no greater than those of some alleged
Americans and their newspaper allies,
which pretend to believe that this South
African war of conquest for gold is a
crusade In behalf of "Christianity and
civilization."
I most emphatically insist that America
has greater need at this moment to study
what Washington taught, warning us
against the "Insidious wiles of foreign
Influence." Let the pungent statement of
President Jordan, of Stanford university,
In a late address, govern Americans:
"This is the meaning of Washington's
farewell address that America should
grow great and strong within herself,
should keep out of all fights and friend
ships not her own, should have no terri
tory In which a free man cannot live and
should own no possession which may not
In time be numbered among the United
States."
As I have stated In my previous letter,
England is In dire peril as far as her
colonial possessions or dependencies are
concerned, and will need help. This she
wants from unselfish America, and selfish
Amercans are seeking to help her by en
tangling our nation with that of Eng
land's troubles.
He Is no American that desires his coun
try to become an appanage of Britain's.
It Was Canning who said: "I called the
New World Into existence to redress the
balance of the old." This holds literally
true with what American destiny should
be, a counterbalance to the rest of the
world, something which is Impossible
were we to take sides In any struggle be
tween other nations In which we have
nothing at stake.
Business knows no sentiment and If wo
would achieve commercial greatness so
necessary for our future welfare, wo
must keep on good terms with all peo
ples, Boer and Britain included. For
every mistake made by other nations
from a commercial standpoint, whether It
Is because such are embroiled In war or
otherwise, we must take advantage there
of, and using an old familiar adage,
"Make hay while the sun shines."
I note that Mr. Mallace keeps discreet
ly mum about our own "Ultlanders" who
are cooped up In the British Klondike pay
ing an exorbitant tax to Canadian officials
without representation, and In the Atlin
district Americans were warned off un
less they forswore their American citizen
ship for a mess of Canadian pottage. But
then these things at home here cut no
figure with such people, who believe that
the acme of perfection abides only in
British manhood. In conclusion, I would
commend to Mr. Wallace's notice. If he Is
an American In the fullest meaning of this
term, Scott's "Last Minstrel," "Breathes
there the man with soul so dead." etc.
C. W. EMAN.
A Paris journal says that Americans
buy $7,000,000 worth of millinery of them
annually, England following with $4,000,
000, while Germany is satisfied with ?600,
000 worth.
The Dr. Sanden Electric Belt with
attachment for men gives strength and
overcomes the effects of early indiscre
tions or later excesses. Six thousand
gave willing testimony during 1899. Es
tablished 30 years. Write for free book
explaining all, or drop in at my office
and consult me without charge.
Electric Appliances
a Sure
Call or write for "Three Classes of
Men."
DR. A. T. SANDEN
Russe! BIdg., Cor. Fourth and Morrison Sts.
PORTLAND, OR.
Office Hours: 9 to 9; Sundays, 9 to 1.
W&Ma copyrighted ?WS
J. A. WESCO, Secretary.
HOTEL ARRIVALS.
THE PORTLAND,
C E Pattern, Seattle
"W H Morrison. S P
J L Warner, Seattle
C I. "Willis and wife.
"Gay Coney Island"
C H Rolllna, Seattle
A B McCaughey. St
Paul
"W H Smiley, Spokano
Thos Doyle. Tacoma
"W W Rldehalgh. As
toria W M Meek, Denver
C H Hayatead. Denver
J O'Brien, Denver
Tn. AddlBon. S P
Fred'k. "Warde. X Y
Mlsa M Warde. JT T
W Thompson. Butte
Dr Dunlap Moore. U S
marine hnsnlcat
A A Cabenls!, Fort
Wricrht. Wn)i
Wm Vercres- TMumn
P W Graves, city
C E M Newton, Chgo
s u inompaon. St Paul'
Chas Meyer. New Yrk
Mr and Mrs Leo Peter
son, clty
M Wax. GrannevHte
H Oatraskl. San Fran
C K Garey and wife,
San Frano.lRjM.
A B Calder and -wife,
Tacoma
W H Carpenter. Pa
P J Quales. Pa
C H Souther. -Beaton
C J Johns, Sumpter
J T Oulnn rcOT Viu.Tr
C S Jackeon. Pendleton
G W Sanborn and wile.
H H Martin. Columbus
air ana ."urs u Jrune,
New York:
Aatorla
THE PEFtKIX.q
Alf Hlt. "Out Coney JW J Boyera. Spokano
-u..l W
Mra- W J Boyers, do
Charles Belmont, do
Gu3 Jacksoti. do
Florence Beardsley, do
Burt C Weston. do
Alma Trembell, do
Blanche Lockett, do
Maude Scott. do
Blanche Arkwrlght. do
Marie Stern. do
William Allen do
Harry Randall. do
Dick Richards, do
Otis Skinner. do
M G Ltsher. Vancouver
Mrs A Cabourn, Spkne
Mrs E T Allen, Tilla
mook xt ; Kntn r-atuiTuu.
W O Thompson, Olym-
Pla, Wasa
Mre S P Simmons, BIa
Mrs M f: nat.h.n j-
Jos Elswlck. Olympla
t H L vlntt UOQK
I M Fisher. St Paul
Mrs Bugey, Asterla.
Mls3 Busay, Astoria
Rosa King, Chehalls
H T Booth. Baker City
O Johnson. San Fran
J O CTnrmrt,. Con Tr..
Jas Barr, San Fran
P Showman. Tillamook
a. v; urunnan. Portland
Mrs P Showman, do M Turle. 'sentt!
n- iiy, xacoma
R LaeremriTKj c -c
Mrs M Turle. Seattle
Geo Vallum, Tacoma
Afrj T a,,..!. c
v T Peterson. Tacoma
L J Wade. Tacoma
J A Stewart. Gray'a
River
J Robson. Heppner
E E Caplln. Heppner
J T Johnson. Heppner
C P Dlttmore, Stanford
xi iaiK. .uoisa city
N Tnvnn .Tfliunli r
M I. Consey. La Grande
J E Lancaster. Sumpter
j-ibiui. ufltaenaaie
Mrs C B TTnrixlan On
j x Lawson, S F
?W.AcaSS,-SSio
a m. uames, Aetcrta
iriii wi' '"',tu"a A c Murray, do
E Miller Astoria Mrs S Murray. d
W Price. King's Vly.VH McChesney. Omalw.
SPW&L Aai0Jla- W T Sparswlck. Omaha
B F -Wellington. S P j Jones. Astoria """""'
THE niPERIAL.
C W. Knowles. Manager.
G H Stevenson, Van- J W Reed. Gardiner
u1ver J "W Heard. San Fran
C D Latourette. Or City Ed Stone. Albany
H C Casebolt. Or City J K Weatherford. dm
wi1, . , i ap9' Jacksonville
W L Vvhitmore, Astorla,E B Gatacre. Redding
John Fox, Astoria C Flsk. city
J Beaton. Chicago W c Cowglll. Baker Cty
H R Burke. San Fran J W Chapman. Sp!aiie
TboaEuncau. San FrJL R Searla, New York
AJ5 Johnson, SanFranE C Hanson. Salem
A H Huntington, Baker B P MeCornack. Safem
flty , Mrs E P McCbrnata.
Walter Lyon. Salem W J Furnish. Pndtetoa
F,a 7a5 Putern. Oak- G B Hegaral and son.
land, Cal Fort Stevens. Or
Sai FTy' r.SaieJP- lF D Kuettner. Asterla
M J Ltddy, San Fran Mrs Kuettner. Astoria
Mrs West, Weatport Mra G A Shields, db
H C Thompson. Astoria
THE ST. CHARLES.
C F Smith. Roseburg fi A Hampton, Pen
J B Lonegren, Clata- J dleton. Or
kanle ti D Burtllck. Tillamook.
O C Relnseth. Washugl? J H Moulton. Spokane
m. v. i-cumr, jp t elevens!-" -:. .uinn
C H Trotter. Roeeburg
J II Minter. rrhnrloNran
W II Wfiphhmrt An
W S Moon, Eugene
W A MHm. nu
P Wilson, Memphis
!r" it nth.. x... -i,
chas Wlnton. city
J A Jensen, Or City
B Wheeler, Pleasant
Home
R R Coleman, Dundee
C Cooper, Kalama
J Froman, Albany
Y R Drlscoll. S P
E Bonton, San Fran
V W Bouton, Seattle
C Franzen, Lyle
L Helner, Castle Rock.
J Herelas, city
M Galther, Astoria
Ed Hogan, Astoria
R K Nichols, Astoria
C T Collte. A3torIa
F J Smith, city
J F Conrad, Roaeburs
C 1 Hide. Summit
C HT Sevmnni-. RnMlor
J WJf organ. Salubrla
J Hendricks. do
" Jones, Blackfoot
A O Jeffries, Misouta
C T Mllllcrnn Pm.v
A B Clark. Starbuek
B Rambeaugn, Seattlo
J Rambeaugb, Seattle
Mrs Henshaw, Franea-
town. Mont
Mlsa Henshaw. do
P SDarka Lookout
Miss Ida Sparks, do
J x Wilkinson. Belse
E Ennls. Boise
MLss E McCaulIy, Botea
j Mccauuy, uoiae
Hotel Donnelly. Tacoma.
European plan; headquarters for com
mercial men. Chllbers's restaurant In
connection.
Hotel Butler, Seattle.
European. Rooms with or without bath.
Ladles' and gents' grillrooms in connection.
Kruse's Grill Room and Restaurant
Stark street, opp. Chamber of Commerce.
DAILY METEOROLOGICAL ItEPOIlT.
PORTLAND, Jan. T. 8 P. M. Maximum tem
perature. 50; minimum temperature. 46; river
reading- at IJ A. M.. T.2 feet; change la last
24 hours. O; total precipitation. 8 P. M. to 8
P. M., .20; total precipitation from. September
1, 1500, 20.03; normal precipitation from Sep
tember 'l, 1S00, 21.06; deficiency, .OT; total sun
shine January 0. 1800, 0; possibla sunshine,
S4Q
' WEATHER SYNOPSIS.
Rain has occurred In Washington, Orsgan
and California, aa the effect of a Iow-priure
area of considerable intensity now central la
the vicinity of Vancouver Island. Winds of
considerable strength, reaching a velocity of 30
miles per hour, have prevailed at Portland and
alonff the coast. They are northerly, and
result from tha steep gradient In pressure be--tween
the low and a high that has made Its
appearance off Northern California. The tew
area will move rapidly eastward over the prov
inces, and the high will extend toward tho
north, giving, perhaps, a short period of clear
ing weather although occasional rain Is ex
pected Monday. The warm weather continues
over the whole region from whieh reports are
received, and will continue so long as the lows
appear off Vancouver Island, and move efe
ward over the provinces, while the highs remain
in the south.
WEATHER FORECASTS.
Forecasts made at Portland for tho 28 hours
ending midnight. Monday, January 8, 1980:
Western Oregon Occasional rain; brisk tp
high winds from south aiong the coast.
Western Washington Rain; brisk to high
south to southwest winds.
Eastern Washington and Northern Idaho Oc
casional rain; south winds.
Eastern Oregon Occasional rain; southeast
winds.
Southern Idaho Fair; southerly winds.
Portland and vicinity Occasional rate; brisk
to high south winds.
SEW TODAY.
TR5T THE OLD BOOKSTORE FOR CHKAP
books. 229 Yamhill st.
Wellington CoaL
Pacific Coast Company. Telephone. 229. 240
Washington street.
Mortgage Loans
On Improved city and farm property, at lowest
current rates. Building loans. Installment
loans. Macmaster & Birrelt. 311 Worcester tik.
MONEY TO LOAN
At lowest rates on Improved city property.
The Title Guarantee & Trust Co,
Ch amber of Commerce
YamhHL