IV
TIEE MORNING- OREGONIAN,- FRIDAY, JANUARY 5, 1900.
f-
A CRIT1C1U-T1? OF
(Copyright, 1S99,
THE OREGONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE;
GREAT AMERICAN STATESMEN
Contributors to tils course: Prof. Albert Bush
nell Hart, ProtJohn" Bach McM&ster, Prof.
Charles H. Smith, Dr. Fjreaerie W. Spelrs, Prof.
Andrew C. McLaughlin and ethers.
XLl. AKDREW JACKSOX.
BT ANDREW -C M'LAUGHLIN. Ii. B.
Andrew Jackson Is one of the most con
spicuous and important characters in
American history. His prominence is in
large measure due not to the fact that he
was in blmself a great constructive states
man like Hamilton, or a great orator like
Clay, hut to the fact that his election to
the presidency,and his subsequent career
mark put ,a new era in American politics
and aueVstage in the development of
democracy. The more carefully one
studies his life the more one Is led to
look upon him not so much a per
sonal lorce as an exponent of conditions,
as a center Irom which can be seen the
United States as It was in 1830, and the
fresh impulses that were expressing them
selves in the socal and political activi
ties ot the people.
He was horn in South Carolina at least
so he sid himself, but Parton insists
that Horth Carolina -A us his birthplace.
Such a dispute is the .strongest proof of a
very humble' origin. H s boj'hood was
spent 4n poverty, in squalor, in the mldsi
of coarse surroundings, and there is little
or no indication that he sought to rise
above circumstances, or that, like Lin
coln, ambitious and energetic, he studi
ously sojght .either learning or culture.
His early life is unedlfylng and uninter
esting, ior.it gave no promise of a career
above that of his rollicking, careless,
ignorant companions, who reveled in cock
lighting, card playing and in all sorts of
mischief and horse play.
He began the study of the law Q7B4),
but he was not fitted either by tempera
ment or industry to be a lawyer, and
never knew much law; perhaps it is not
right to suggest that tie, .knew even its
fundamental principles- thoroughly. He
naturally was averse to theoretical prin
ciples of any sort.
Just after he became of age he moved
into Tennessee and entered upon a life
in the frontier community. He iitted well
into this environment, for rough force,
courage and love of conflict were much
more in demand than culture and book
learning. The man who could succeed at
the bar or at anything else must be
ready to play his part In a tavern brawl
or to respond promptly to the demands of
the code of "honor. Jackson was natur
ally quarrelsome and domineering, and
he did not lack opportunity for exercis
ing his native propensities. We read of
duels, in one of which he killed his man,
of feuds and fights of one kind and
another as incidents in his Tennessee ca
reer, and he carried in his body for 20
years a bullet from the pistol of one of
the Bentons, with whom he was engaged
in a disgraceful row in a tavern. This
was poor preparation for public service
as a president of the United States, and
we can never go over the details of this
turbulent ijfe without amazement that this
irritable, pugnacious man. should be lift
ed out of the society in which he swag
gered and fought to become the chief
magistrate of a great nation. Even
stranger does it appear that during the
years of -which we have heen speaking
he held a number of public offices that
seem honorable and dignified. He was
public prosecutor,-judge, representative
In congress, United States senator. But
the character .,of Ihe man and his fitness
for responsibility in a position where dis
cretion and calm judgment were needed
are well indicated by the words of Jef
ferson, who in 1824 said of him: "When
I was president of the senate, he was
a senator, and he could never speak on
account of the rashness of his feelings. I
have seen hlm attempt 1t repeatedly, and
as often choke with Tage." In 1S18 Mon
roe asked Jefferson what he thought of
the wisdom" of appointing Jackson minis
ter to Russia, and the venerable ex-president
responded in what seem to be words
of astonishment at Monroe's temerity
"Why, good G d, he would breed you
a quarrel before he had been there a
month."
I have gore over some of th more
Important facts of Jackson's early career
In order to bring out somewhat clearly
the .spclety from which he emerged, as
well as the essential character of the
man. Although In later years, as pres
ident of the United States, his manners
were (usually dignified and courteous,
although he had a remarkable facility in
winning adherents and holding friends,
and gave evidence also of a strong men
ial grasp or tfllngs in which he was per
t!i!y lnteiesed, especially of those
Which aroused his nntmmnlvm -nr i
which aroused his antagonism, we cannot
understand the more important events of
his later life nor the significance of his
election to the presidency unless we have
some appreciation of his early surround
ings and of the society of which he was a
Part, Wfcunusr pass rapiaiy over his sue-cesB-as,an
Indian fighter and -the national
renown he gained in the war of 1S12 by
defeating the Creeks and winning the bat
tle of New Orleans over the seasoned vet
erans c-f Packenham. And we cannot
more than mention his invasion of Flor
ida and the victories of the Seminole war
(1818). In all places where there was need
of forceful, unhesitating action, where
difficulties were to be overcome by sheer
determination and unrelenting purpose.
h6 always showed unsual capacity, as well
as surprising vigor and skill, In managing
or rather commanding his subordinates.
Jackson was put forward as a candi
date for the presidency in 1S24. His op
ponents were Henry Clay, John Qulncy
Adams and William H. Crawfortf. That
his name should be mentioned at all
may seem strange enough, but It Is
.stranger still that he should have re
ceived more electoral votes than any one
of the others. Inasmuch as none of the
candidates Tecelved a majority of the
electoral college, the choice from the
highest three devolved upon the house.
Clay's name did not go to the house, and
he threw his influence in favor of Adams,
who was elected. There was at once an
outcry from the Jackson partisans, who
Insisted that a corrupt coalition had been
formed .and the purposes and wishes of
the people had been circumvented. Ben
ton declared that "Demos krateo" prin-
. If the PrInc,nle that the people had a
r.ght to govern, had been disregarded.
vhen Clay became Adams' secretary of
state the denunciation of corruption and
of interference with popular desires be
came louder, while the air was full of the
clamor of those who proclaimed Jack-
a .man of the people" and maligned
Adams as an intriguing aristocrat. -2
P- tJfckson was chosen president
and his victory was hailed as the begin
ning of a new era. Although Adams was
one of the best officers that ever served a
people-an honest tfure, .capable, patriotic.
High-minded statesman people seemed
actually to believe, as Webster said that
the country had been rescued from some
dreadful danger. But the election of Jack
son, in part the result of an appeal to the
prejudices of the masses of the people
against what was termed aristocracy,
came as a natural occurrence in the de
velopment of the democratic spirit. The
people of 1S2S, glorying in American
achievement and -vain of American suc
cess in self-government, turned in
stinctively to a man from the great West,
& elf-made man whose forcefulness and
native vigor appealed to their imagina
tion. The careful student of American social
character will see that some of Its dis
tinguishing features are to be understood
only when judged from the standpoint of
the frontier. Each portion of the coun-J
try has at some time been a frontier, and
the characteristics of the West appeal to
the frontier temperament which is still
remaining in the East, though part glossed
A G:RElf -STiffiMtt
by Seymour Eaton.)
DIRECTED BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON
over or covered up by the results and
products of later developments. Jackson
appealed, therefore, to the true American
sentiment, which admires the self-mado
man, the man who has surmounted ob
stacles and risen by dint of his own ef
forts, and not because of Inherited wealth
or position, a sentiment which is distinctly
a product of thb frontier, and which is in
large measure sensible, sound and whole
some, but which, may on occasion wrong
ly manifest itself. The true democratic
spirit takes account of what a man Is, not
of his ancestry or his opportunities, and
declares that each man must be given a
chance to make the most of himself and
be judged by what he has accomplished
and what he has come to be; but It does
not glorify deficiencies In ability or cul
ture. The inauguration of Jackson ushered in
the spoils system. This came because of
tlie personal peculiarities of Jackson, who
believed that' all who were 'not for him
were against him, and who had Been bred
-' 4sir 'a
n i j..s ef nx-lii
ANDREW
in a school where men rewarded their
friends and did no good to those that
despltefully used them. It came also be
cause the adherents of Adams and Clay
were looked upon as supporters of a-'cor-rupt
coalition; because there was a de
mand that the aristocracy of officehold
ers be overthrown; because the spoils
system had for years prevailed In some
of the states, and this election gave the
spoils politician his chance; because the
people resented the idea that training and
experience or that expert knowledge were
needed for the performance, of official
duty; because at the time there was a
clamorous and strident declaration that
one man was just as good as another
and just as much entitled to office. The
causes and significance of the beginnings of
the spoils system can be seen by anybody
who reads and understands the descrip
tions of Jackson's inauguration, where a
crowd of people pushed into the drawing
rooms, -elbowing ambassadors and other
foreign reperesentatives, standing with
muddy shoes on the damask-covered fur
niture. ."China and glass," said an eye-j
witness, "to the amount of several thou-
sand dollars were broken In the struggle
to get at the ices and cakes, though punch
and other drinkables had been carried out
in tubs and buckets to the people." No
one will deny that there was something
amiss in this scramble for punch, and if
Ices and drinks he will see the beginnings
... i ., r - .. ,rLi. 1
ul me syuii3 s sium unu xe&iize mat mere
was something false in that, too
In spite of those unpropltlous beginnings
and In spite of the malign influence of the
back-stair politician during the "reign of
Andrew Jackson," those eight years had
much that was good in them. Though
r the president was hotheaded and inju
dicious on occasions, he was thoroughly '
honest, thoroughly patriotic, thoroughly
devoted to the good of the country as he
saw it. Historians have been wont to la
ment his attack upon the Bank of the
United States, and we certainly cannot
justify his high-handed and . fmperlous
methods.in deajlng with financial rqatfers.
Butafrter all, Biadle anff-jWbanVare
comparatively unimportant A's'the years
go by and we get a more distant view of
those times, we see that the frontiers
man from Tennessee represented strong
American sentiment, that his famous
proclamation against the nulllflers who
ever may have written It was a great
and Influential public document, that by
taking a bold stand against the theories
of secession and of dissolution he Im-prc-Fed
his party with'sentlmenfs of
union, that we owe hfm a very great debt
of gratitude- for his "famous loast "Our
federal union; it must be preserved." And
If there were disorder and some lawless
ness In those "vulgar Jackson das" he
was not the cause; his electlbn was the
result of a popular upheaval: his admin
istration was a time of great Intellectual
activity, a period In which the demo
cratic entlmept was flndhog new 'expres
sion. He was himself inconspicuous ex
pression of a new. alert, energetic, force
ful, assertive spirit which was charac
teristic of American life and was now
dominant In American politics.
&r
University of Michigan.
City Peculiarities.
New Tork Press.
Why should Hartford be the center of
insurance In this country, Instead of New
York? Why should Boston be the center
of the copper industry? There Is no cop
per within 1000 miles of the Hub. Why
should a majority of our shoes be made
at Lynn? We can understand why Pitts
burg should be the center of the iron In
dustry, sitting as she does In the heart of
the ore and coal region; but why should
she make nearly all of our glass, when
there Is better sand elsewhere? Why is
Providence the great jewelry-making
city?
a
Compliments Paid. Sir Henry Irvingr.
Cassell's Magazine.
I shall never forget the pride with which
a farm steward last year took me1 up to,
a plgstye and said: "The great actor,
Sir 'Enery Irving, went right inside that
there plgstye, sir, last Sunday, and ex
amined every one of them there pigs, sir,
and thought so 'Ighly of 'em, sir, that
he did me the honor of asking me to go
to his theater and take my family. He do
love and understand animals, do Sir
'Enry." With no less pride was I shown
a filly that Sir Henry had formally
fe. Wmk,
it 7Jjrj&tA. ttiJiS5225? VavvSJw o-JitK'CkI-SSK5s$ifc.
r wvBB
WWsmmgm
ft H)i W8SrSN
- -,,- .( rwr
christened Portia. That farmjeward, I
am sure, considered Irving ha'd immortal
ized him. But perhaps one of the most
subtle compliments ever paid to the actor
was unconsciously paid to Sir Henry by
a working lad a few months ago on
Hampstead Heath. Sir Henry was walk
ing with a friend, and some youths of
the" laboring class were following him
about curiously. At last one was heard
to say: "Oh, I know 'oo It is; It's that
bloke what keeps the theater It's Shikea-peare."
SOUTH AFRICAN WAR.
The Mantle of Georce III oh(
Paul
Kruerer's Shoulders.
BAL.L,STON,Or.,Jan. 3. (To the Editor.)
In this matter of the Anglo-Boer contest
The Oregonlan, as Is Its wont, is guided
by a practical common sense that, It
would seem, ought to convince the most
prejudiced antl-Britlsh Boer-lover. But
prejudices are hard to overcome such
prejudices as are found In Hibernian
quarters in our cities, and In rural dis
tricts in the foothills, where they don't
knqw that GeOrge III Is dead.
It would probably "bet hard to. convince
your correspondent, C. W. Eman, that
the mantle of George III has fallen on old
Paul Kruger, with his scheme of taxation
JACKSON.
without representation, and that it is Eng
land which Is now fighting for llberty
against a tyrannical Dutch oligarchy.
But, of course, a mind like Eman's, which
can only see the England of a hundred
years ago, will see nothing amiss with a
nominal Dutch republic governed after
the fashion of the Venice of the 15th cen
tury. A "thoroughbred American" like C.
W. Eman will no doubt consider Uncle
Sam a "bully" for attacking little Mex
ico in behalf of the outlanders In Texas;
and he ought to regard Sitting Bull as a
patriot and martyr who was
Done t6 death by felon hand
For guarding well his father's land.
I suspect Mr. Eman must himself be "a
tory at heart," or he wouldn't give such a
sly thrust at his native country in the
matter of slavery; for, if Denmark was
50 years ahead of England in freeing her
slaves, England was 30 years ahead of
the time when Lincoln found It to the
Interest of the North to issue the eman
cipation proclamation; and as bygones ap
pear to bethe hobby of Mr. Eman, It
may be well to remind him that, during
the first year of our civil war, fugitive
slaves, seeking refuge in Union camps,
were regularly delivered up to their mas
ters, until General Butler invented the
term "contraband'' as an excuse for re
taining them. Yet for 30 years previous
to this British territory north of our line
was the sole refuge of the unfortunate
runaway slave; for, In his delvlngs In the
past, Mr. Eman must surely have heard
of the underground railroad, and of those
Quakers, who, with the persecuted Gar
rison, Phillips, the unfortunate Lovejoy
and others, wefe such "torles at heart"
that they actually desired to introduce a
"British Institution" on" American soil!
I don't speak as a "thorough-going
American" whatever that may mean
but as a cosmopolitan, when I declare
The Oregonian's position that the prog
ress of civilization depends on the joint
efforts of England and America to be
sound, practical wisdom. Any man with
half Jan?"e-e!-.can 'see that the .kalsetfs.,
change of heart towards America Is due
to the fact that he found John Bull was
standing side by side with Brother Jona
than In the Spanish and Eastern affairs.
Wllhelm was prompt to perceive that his
Iriterests lay rather In the Anglo-American
than in the Franco-Russian camp.
This entente of the three great Saxon
powers is better security for the general
peace of the world than the project for
disarmament put forth by that great, hu
morist, the czar; for incidental affairs like
those of -the Transvaal and the Philip
pines are "tmavoldable because precipi
tated on their own heads by Boer and
Tagal, and must end In their going down
before a superior civilization. '
If England Is such a bully and tyrant,
whence comes the universal affection
shown for her by her present colonies,, all
of which practically govern themselves?
And, ts- IjL nothing that sh'k has spent
JS.OOO.ODO- to relieve the present famine In
India, besides an immense outlay for seed
for the famine-stricken districts? Before
English occupation, all these people would
have starved!
No doubt, from the standpoint of any
thing to down England. Mr. Eman and
the other "thoroughbred" Americans (?)
would like to see the British empire dis
rupted: the Chinese empire dismembered
by Russia and France; Corea absorbed
and Japan overwhelmed by the czar and
his Cossacks; and Uncle Sam cooped up
In hia continental domain, afraid to draw
his breath too hard for fear a European
coalition might conclude to "shut oft his
wind." I can't say that that Is my idea of
patriotism, nor will he find It to be the
view of the great, level-headed business
Interests of this country at the next.elec-
tlon even If "the Boers hold out tlH, next-
summer. Ana is it not strange tnatmen
so soon forget that Kruger began the
struggle by declaring war against Eng
land and overrunning Ndtal and Capp
Colony, which are even yet the seat of
war? Also, if a man wasn't a "thorough
bred" American, it might occur to him
that any line of argument which would,
excuse our Interference with the Spanish
treatment of her Cuban dependency would
bQ.JjtlU stronger argument fo,r Great Brit
ain's Interceding In behalf of . her -own
subjects, the Uitlanders of the. Transvaal?
LEO WALLACE.
o
BUSINESS ITEMS.
If Baby Is Cutting Teeth,
Be sure and use that old and well-tried remedy.
Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup, for children
tithing It soothes the child, softens the Rums,
allays all pain, cures wind colic and diarrhoea.
' t .iilr"k.
VIOLATED NEUTRALITY TO INJURE
THE UNITED STATES.
.Notv Refuses to Believe That Ameri
cans Are Not Allies of tho
French Nation.
Our venerable Parisian contemporary,
the Journal des Debats, has either fallen
intd grave International error or come Into
possession of grave international infor
mation, says the New York Press. In its
exposition to its countrymen of the ad
vantages of the "reciprocity" treaty,
which admits 51,000,000 in French goods to
America for 5200,000 In American goods to
France, It dennes with its traditional au
thority the proper attitude of Frenchmen
toward this country as follows:
"Until there is some proof to the con
trary, we must regard the Americans as
our allies."
This Is startling news to Americans, who
have been of the impression that no al
liance had existed between this country
and Franco s:nce the act of July 7, 1798,
annulled the treaty of February 6, 1778,
and ex-President Washington, being soon
thereafter appointed commander-in-chief
of the army authorized for war with
France, wrote La Fayette on Christmas
101 years ago yesterday:
After my valedictory address to the people of
the United States, you will no doubt be some
what surprised to hear that I had again con
sented to gird on the sword. But, having strug
gled eight or nine years against the ln aslon of
our right by one power, and to establish an In
dependence of it, I could not remain an uncon
cerned spectator of the attempt of another
power to accomplish the same object.
This letter of Washington's, being his
last pronouncement on the subject of re
lations with France, should have been, en
graved, by the way, on the reverse of the
La Fayette medal for which the pocket
money of the kindergartens has just been
assessed.
Since that annulment of the treaty with
Louis XVI, whose "heart," as Secretary
Hamilton wrote (In defense of President
Washington's proclamation of neutrality in,
1793). was "tho depository of the sentiment
of kindness demanding a return of good
'will," we have known of no other engage
ment of the sort. If such had been en
tered Into we have had some recent and
startling evidence of a French alliance
against this country which would justify
Its annulment, like that of the treaty of
1778.
When Admiral Cervera's squadron was
reported at Fort de France, Martinique,
in May, 189S, having made this port In
preference not only to Spanish, but to
Dutch, Danish, San Dominican, Haytian
and British ports of arrival, the Prtss
suspected and denounced a secret ar
rangement in gross unfalth of the French
neutrality declaration. But it scarcely ex
pected that proof of this treachery was at
that moment going into black and white,
to be produced to the public In less than
two years. It now appears from the fact
of Cervera's cho'ce of an anchorage and
from the publication of the instructions of
the Spanish admiralty to Admiral Ca
mara, dated May 27, 1893, the French West
Indies were to have been the base of Span
ish operations against this country. Ca
mara was to have ravaged the American
coast had not events In the Philippines
started him for Suez and events at San
tlago. brought him back to Cadiz. His1
orders were:
In case of injury or any other fortuitous cir
cumstances making it necessary for any of the
ships of this division to esek a port, you will
see, prolded there Is a possibility of choice,
that preference he given to the French colonies.
His ordej-s were also for the division
Whose duty It was to cut off American
vessels in the South American route to
"send one ship to Fort de France, Mar
tinique, for instructions from Madrid."
Finally, when his campaign was changed
to an attack on Dewey in the Philippines,
he was ordered In the East, as -the West,
Indies to "remember the expediency of
preferring French colonies" as ports of
call and bases of supply. In brief, France
had loaned her territories the worjd over ,
to Spain for the purpose of making war on
"our allies the Americans," and Spain was
seeing to It that her commanders missed
none of the opportunities 'thus offered.
Had any one of them been able to take
.serious advantage of this agreement a
court or arDurauon unless tne repuDiic
preferred war would by this time have
been assessing damages for the French
breach of International law and faith.
The historic evidences are thus all
against the alliance which the Debats
treats as existent. Back of all of them
Is the basic fact that Washington's warn
ing against such engagements was prompt
ed by his experience of preventing his
countrymen from rushing into war with
Great Britain at the behest of France. He
had held with Hamilton that any senti
mental regard was due solely to the guil
lotined king, while the terms of the treaty
guaranteed American assistance only In
case the French West Indies were at
tacked. In a case so directly in point
we doubt if the administration has varied
from a policy so recently redeclared by
It. An entangling alliance with the very
nation whose turbulent demand for aid
prompted the warning against all such
alliances Is scarcely conceivable, L Bujt the
Debats Is, as we says a resp"onsible,ijour
nal, and assuredly it would not jeopardize
a measure of such exceeding importance
to the declining trade of Its country by an
emotional employment of fixed terms.
'TWAS A FIGHT FOR LIFE.
Battle of EHnnd'H- Lnngte "Was
No
"Wanton Pigsticking Affair.
PORTLAND, Jan. 4. (To the Editor.)
Little reliance can be placed upon such
letters as that appearing In a recent issue
of The Oregonlan, signed "J. H. M.," a
compilation of newspaper clippings. Per
mit me to quote from the official report
of the battle of Eland's laagte.
To digress for a moment, let me say that
every campaign in which England en
gages develops some individual act of he
roism that stirs the British blood through
out the entire empire and sets tongues
going in ceaseless praise of the hero. The
'latest instance of this was furnished by
Piper Findlater, In th war against the
hll( 'tribes of India. At Dargai, where
the Hfghlanders were charging the tribes
men, Fiper Find.Iater was shot, but, fall
ing, continued to play on his bagpipe the
charge. His regiment, stirred by his brav
ery, went on up the hill and captured
the point attacked, and Findlater returned
to England, to be personally honored by
the queen.
It was expected that, true to English
precedent, the Boer war would call forth
iBomo similar act Mr. "J. H. M." quotes:
'Meanwhile the lancers had been creep
ing up behind, and as the Boers reached
the bottom, the lancers charged them at
full gallop. The panic-stricken Boer3
threw down their rifles and attempted to
escape, but It was utterly useless," for with
shouts of 'Majuba!' the lancers were upon
tnem, ana tne awful work commenced.
Ver few Boers escaped. Our squadrons
got right in among them in the twilight,
and the most excellent pigsticking ensued."
Now let us see how this statement is
borne out by facts. The official report
sajs:
"In the flght at Eland's laagte the
lancers were, severely set upon- by the
Boers, and were neaTly compelled to re
treat, which might have ended In disaster.
Jphn, tJarnes, Shurlock, of the Fifth Royal
lancers, is the hero of the light, and he is
a trumpeter in the servide. He is a mere
lad of 16 summers, hut he did a day's work
of which any man of mature, years would
be proud. When the lancers were so se
verely set upon by the Boers, and were
hard pressed, It devolved upon Trumpeter
Shurlock to sound, orders ,on the bugle. As
ho raised the Instrument to his lips, he
was set upon by three Boers at once. He
i '
saw he could not blow the blast, so he
slung his horn again and drew his revol
ver. It took the coolest kind of work to
avoid the first assailant. As he dodged
the blow aimed at him, he fired his weapon
point-blank In the face of a burly charg
er. Down tho fellow fell in a heap at his
feet. Without an Instant's hesitation he
turned to the next and shot him clean
through the heart, and as the third en
gaged him he warded off the point of tho
bayonet with his open hand and shot the
fellow through the shoulder. Then, with
out the slightest delay, he sounded the
order that held, tho lancers firm and kept
them from any possibility of retreat. It
required tho nicest courage to withstand
such an attack successfully. It not only
took the nicest courage, but it took the
nicest accuracy of aim with a revolver.
Had he missed by one shot, he must have
paid the forfeit with his life. He was
wounded quite severely, but is in the hos
pital doing well, with the prospect of a
distinguished service ahead of him and a
"Victoria cross. The little fellow is a born
eoldldr, being bred In the service. He la
the son of a trooper in the Fifth lancers,
who lost his life by an accident In the
service .several years ago. He enlisted at
14-years of age."
Does it look as if this had been a "pig
sticking picnic" or a fight for life?
A. SINE.
s o
INFALLIBILITY OF BIBLE.
After Close Study Seeming; Contra
dictions in Scripture Become Clear.
PORTLAND, Dec. 3. (To the Editor.)
All those who have been engaged In the
controversy over the infallibility of tbe
Bible have seemed to forget entirely or Ig
nore the truth of the passage, "The let
ter killeth, but the spirit giveth life" (2
Cor. 111:6), without which they have not
the inward spirit the true spiritual inter
pretation; hence, all theories concerning
the harmony of parts of the great book
are unsatisfactory, and they give up the
Inspiration and say it Is merely a speci
men of Oriental literature, not divine, but
human, subject to human law3 for inter
pretation. If the Bible was simply human litera
ture, controlled by human laws of Inter
pretation, the harmonization of the seem
ing contradictions would Indeed be a dif
ficult task; but, on the other hand, if it
be divine literature, subject to divine
lawi of Interpretation,, it becomes harmo
nious, holy and divine, "oracles of God"'
(Rom. 111:2); -"lively oracles (Acts 1:35),
like a casket Inclosing precious pearls and
rare gems.
All devout gospel students perplexed
over the seeming discrepancies of the gos.
pels and unable to find satisfactory ex
planation of what seems to be error, will
be glad to learn that there exists a law of
harmony, certain, fixed and universal,
which exists in the very differences tt has
been the aim of so many to explain away.
By this law we find the four gospels teach
spiritual progression, spiritual evolution
by distinct degrees, or steps from lower
to higher things. Matthew contains the
most external, the infant in spiritual
things, "the mills of the word for babes";
whilo John contains the "bread of life,"
onlj mentioned in John.
Mark and Luke, coming between, teach
the youth and middle age of spiritual
progress. So the gospels, taken In their
order, illustrate the spiritual experience
of each Individual, and of mankind in
general.
In Matthew, the first step In spiritual
truth, we depend altogether upon what is
taught, and by others without, any in
tellectual understanding from individual
study. The child depends upon the
mother, or the church, a spiritual as well
as natural things. Compare Matthew
xx:0-23 with Mark x:35-38. In Matthew
the mother comes asking, and In Mark
the sons themselves come to the Master.
In more advanced states, represented in
Luke and John the material idea of sit
ting on the right and on the left is laid
aside; therefore, the question Is omitted.
Without this divine law of interpreta
tion these two statements do no harmon
ize; with it, they are remarkably signifi
cant. Again, note Matthew x:34 and John
xlv:27; in the first a sword is sent and In
the latter peace Is given. In the ripe, full,
mature,, spiritual life, we are prepared for
peace, having won it by the. sword, whlcn
was. Indispensable, In former conditions.
In Matthew we are anxious about our
selves. Matt. xlx:16, we ask, "What shall
I do that I may have eternal life?" John
vi:28, "What shall we do that we may
work the works of God?" The first per
ception of spiritual truth is represented
in Matthew by the birth 'of Jesus, whose
life is typical of the spiritual history of
each individual. The Herod within us
seeks the young child's life to destroy it.
Under divine protection this new-born
thought increases in "wisdom and stat
ure," lives through temptation or doubts,
opens blind eyes, casts from us all that Is
represented by the different diseases.
Then we are able to stand on the Mount
of Transfiguration and behold a vision,
not yet understood, but a sign to us of
the glorious beyond.
Gradually our eyes become accustomed
to the brighter light of! a higher state.
The words "fear not" are sounding in
our ears, when, abovo us, we seem to
hear, clearer and clearer, the words of
interior significance, "Fear not; for, be-:
hold, I bring you glad tidings of great
joy"; and we pass from death to life. If,
like the shepherds, we are watching our
flocks, that Is, doing our best with our
feeble understanding, we are in the right
condition to hear the voice of the heav
enly messenger, to see the heavens
opened, "the glory of the Lord shine
round about us," not as in Matthew, the
light of the stars. Birth, death and res
urrection follow In orderly succession, yet
there Is always a difference In conditions,
and this accounts for the so-called dis
crepancies Of the gospels. How different
the condition in Luke from Matthew!
There is no Herod seeking the life of
the child; we are no longer the bond ser
vants of a despot (Luke il:29); and the
new truth Is openly announced to all
looking for redemption (Luke 11-38). The
wonderful difference between the state
ments of Matthew and Luke In regard to
the birth of Jesus, one the "house," the
other the "manger," Is of great import
ance, and should be understood, for upon
it depends the appreciation of the new
birth within us, or the birth which is of a
heavenly quality following the birth and
education of the natural man.
Matthew alone records the going down
Into Egypt, because It Is a land foreign
to the spiritual experience of the higher
degrees, but in a state of harmony with
the magi of Matthew and the general ex
ternal teachings, there. The spiritual sig
nification of the gospel of Matthew can
alone open the meaning of "going down
into Egypt" and the "calling from" It.
Page after page would have to be writ
ten to give 'an exposition of this wonder
ful law of harmony. To all who are in
doubt as to the divinity of the holy
word, or who see only the seeming con
tradictions, and hence unreasonableness,
of the Scriptures, we urge a careful, Un
prejudiced study of the great Inner law,
the "spirit that giveth life," that what
before seemed unreasonable will become
lucid, rational and soul-filling. Turn not
from it, but study it and approach the
word with reverence. Jjet us cast aside
sensual reasonings, because we stand on
holy ground (Ex. 111:5).
The word of God was writen for the
sake of spiritual progression, not for a
mere scientific treatise; and yet under
this law, religion, science and philosophy
join hands in a great and wonderful har
mony. Again let me urge prayerful study,
and you will soon exclaim, "Whereas I
was blind, now I see," and with Jeremiah
you will say, "Thy words were found and
I did eat them; and they were unto me
the joy and rejoicing of my heart."
"Search the Scriptures, for In them ye
will find eternal life." Verily, this is
true. HARMONIST.
o-
Britain.-! Coast Guard. ,
Pearson's Weekly.
Once every 24 hours the year round
coast guardsmen complete a circuit of the
British coast, vand, being ever wary and
ready, the landing of contraband Is prac
tically impossible. In the event of Jack
seeing smugglers, he would "tap" his bot
tle of blue lights, and the' result ot such
a signal jvould be the rallying oX all the
seamen fro,m the coast-guard stations for
miles.
c
SOUTH AFRICAN WAR.
A Celt Gives IUeaaona Why Irishmen
Should Not Meddle.
PORTLAND, Jan. 4. To the Editor.)
We have been reading in The. Oregonlan
for some time past acout Hibernian so
cieties collecting large sums ot money
and organizing regiments, in this country
to help theBders, in South Africa, and
also of Fenians threatening Canada. If
those braggarts keep on at this rate much
longer. Baron Munchausen and the
man of the Mole St. Nicholas are in
danger of seeing their laurels rudely torn
from their brows. Sensible and intelli
gent Irishmen pay no attention, to thl3
kind of talk, having long ago learned by
experience that those who Indulge in It
represent nothing and nobody. Thoy are
mostly blatherskite politicians tryfag to
advertise themselves, or honest zealots
with wheels in their heads.
Rodger H. Scannell, of Boston, whose
name is mentioned in connection with this
proposed Feniari raid on Canada Is neith
er Ignorant nor a fool, and Is well aware
that as soon as this foolish project as
sumed definite11 shape the United States
government wfiuld stop It in short order.
He has been an office-holder and politi
cian in Boston for the past 25 years, and
this talk 13 for the purpose of helping
his business along.
Nearly all the people of Celtic blood fn
this country are anxious to see the Boers
successful In the present struggle, but
few of them, if it came to a test, would,
care to see England reduced to the- rank
of a third-rate power, because they fall
to see where Ireland would be benefited
by the change. If Ireland was independ
ent tomorrow, under the most favorable
circumstances, all she ever could expect
to be is an insignificant nation like Bel-
glum, or Holland, which are permitted to
exist only through tho jealousy of their
powerful neighbors.
Ireland Is too poor to support a navy
capable of defending her, and some of
the great powers would soou find an ex
cuse to attack her. Perhaps KaJser Will
lam, when he gets his new navy in work
ing order, would bring a charge of lese
majeste against her, in order to take
Cork harbor for a coaling station.
The county council bill which went into
effect lately in Ireland is a long step
toward home rule. But performance of
some of the Irish members of parliament
while the measure was pending in the
house of commons caused people to douot j
their honesty, and whether they were
acting In good faith. Some of them made
speeches and voted against the bill. They
are split up Into factions of Parnelllte3
and many other ites and isms, all bitter
ly opposed to each other, but it is hard
to see what they are contending for, ex
cept it is to emulate the Kilkenny cats.
England no doubt has sins to answer
for. She has been guilty of many acts
of cruelty and oppression, and also ot
landgrabblng, but It must be admitted
that she sometimes had justice and hu
manity on her side, although those gen
tlemen who run Irish politics never could
see it in that light. No matter with
whom she has trouble, whether the der
vishes of the Soudan, the king of Da
homey, or some tribe of man-eaters in
the South Sea islands; they always de
nounce her for depriving those people
of their liberties, and their God-given
right to devour the kind of meat most
suitable to their tastes. !
If the Irish people were united and pre
sented a solid front, they would soon
obtain home rule for their country, as
most Englishmen are sick of the matter
and would be glad to unload a white ele
phant, if they could do so without run
ning the risk of weakening the empire.
The Irish people will gain nothing by
brooding over wrongs their country has
suffered In the past; nor Is it fair for
them to hold the English people and gov
ernment of the present day responsible,
as they do not indorse or defend them.
They should also " cease playing Don
Quixote, and allow other nations and
races to flght their own battles, a privi
lege they have always enjoyed them
selves. During the many centuries that
Ireland suffered cruel wrongs, we have
no record of any other country lifting a
hand In her favor, and the sympathy she
received was usually given for a selfish
motive. CELT.
a o
PICTURESQUE PREVARICATOR
Imaginative Man Who Steals His
Wife's Thunder.
One of tho chief charms of having neigh
bors is the neighborly custom of swapping
good things to cat. Not on out-and-out
swapping, like where both horses, dogs or
jackknlves must be on the 9pot at the
same time, but rather the periodical pre
sentation of delicacies which one family
may happen to have and another may
happen not to have just at that moment
When a tired housewife transmits a
cablegram to Boston for a crock of baked
beans and brown bread, and they arrive,
and she stops up the keyhole to prevent
loss of flavor while they aro being warmed
up, she does not want to monopolize a
good thing, so she sends a draft for a
part of them to her neighbor across the
way, well knowing that the neighborly
act has already been offset a thousand
fold by the previous arrival of similar
sweetmeats.
Sometimes the man of the house takes
over the neighborly offering, and in such
cases it is amusing to see what a plotur
esque prevaricator he makes of himself
The good women of the neighbor family
amiably absorb all his yarns, accept them
as gospel truth, and most charitably aid
him in thickening their transparency.
"I called," said such a man yesterday,
"to leave with you on trial this little dish
of calve's-foot jelly, knowing that you
are good judges of such things. I think
that you will find it fairly good, consider
ing the rush In which I had to make It.
It was an afterthought before breakfast
As you know, Ole Oleson's sister quit us
six months ago on account of her moth
er's Illness, and we are now doing our own
work.
"I had breakfast all ready this morn
ing, and sent the bellboy to call my wife,
but she wanted to sleep a day or two
longer, so I thought now was the time to
make my calve's-root jeuy. wmen j. uiu.
T -went out on the lawn and shot the
calves, which I had raised for the pur-
nose.
T had had mucn mint set out on tne
lawn to give their feet a julep flavor. The
prescription for making the jelly I copied
out of the Poorhouse Cook Book. I will
write out another copy for you. I fol
lowed the directions on the bottle, except
that when my manila extract ran low I
substituted Florida water, with good re
sults, as you will see. I used both the
alum and plaster of parts baking powder,
so as to be sure of getting the jackscrew
properties of both.
"No, thank you; I will not eat a morsel
now; you know that when a man is play
ing French, cook he has appetite for little
food, as the aroma is so filling.
"Yes, thank you; I will take over a few
of your warm glngersnaps to surprise the
baby. They may offset the stomach-ache
she has every night now from filling up
on mince pie. plum, pudding, and the
stuffing of Christmas-tree dolls."
I tried Ely's Cream
Balm, and to all appear
ances am cured of ca
tarrh. The ternbla head
aches from which I long
suffered are gone. W. J.
Hitchcock, late Major,
TJ. H. Vol. and A. A.
Gen., Buffalo, N. Y.
Cream Balm is placed into the nostrua. apreads
over the membrane and is absorbed. Relief U
immediate, and a cure follows. It Is not dry
ingdoes not -produce sneezing. Large size. 50c,
at druggists' or by mall. Trial slae. 10c, by
mall.
ELY BROTHERS. 66 Warren Street New York.
TOE PALATIAL
Not a darlc office In tbe bulltllssi
absolutely fireproof; electric llffhts
and cartesian water; jfeviect sanita
tion cind thorough, ventilation..
vatora. rna Hay and nlfSAti,
Eic
AERAMS, "W R , Cashier Mutual Ufa.,., -joo
ANDERSON. GUSTAV. Attomeyiat-Law....6U
ASSOCIATBD PRESS; K. L. Powell, ilgr . &K)
BANKERS LIFE ASSOCIATION, of De
Molnca. la.; C. A. ilcCargar, State Agent, 50C-3
BHHNICE.. H. W... Pzln. Ferala Shorthand
School .............. ................ 2jv
BroiJAiTIN. R. W., Dentist ....". .V. 314
BL7SWANGER, DR. O. S., Phys. & Sur..-Ul-tl2
BRHERE, DR. G. E.. Physician 2-413-U4
BUS SEED. RICHARD. Plug Tobacco ..602 e03
CAUK3N. G. E. District Agent Trawlers
Insurance Co...... .....,-.......... 713
CARDWEIX. DR. J. B ,"."..C00
CliARK. HAROLD. Dentist ...... !ai4
CLEM, E A. & CO.. Mining Properues-.OIS-Bltl
COLUMBIA. TELEPHONE COMPANT-
- 6O4-605-C0B-6O7 (113-814 (L3
CORNELIUS. C "W.. Phys. and Surgeon.... .200
COVER, V. C. Cashier Equitable Life SOU
COLLIER. P. P., Publisher; S. P. McGulre.
Manager ... 415-415
DAY. J. G. & L jr s:3
DAVIS, NAPOLEON. President Columbia
Telephone Co.. ..... ... 607
DICKSON, DR. J. B. Physician. ... 713-714
DRAKE. DR. H, B.. Physician .'.312-313-514
EDITOPJAL ROOMS ... Eighth floor
EQUITABLE LTFE, ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
L. Samuel. Manager; F. C Cover. Cashier .300
KVENING TELEGRAM...... 325 Alder street
FALLOWS. MRS. M. A.. Manager Women's
Dent Mutual Reserve Bund Life, of Naw
Tork M3
FENTON. J. D., Phystfclan and Surgeon..509-510
FENTON. DR. HICKS C, Eya and Ear......3U
FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist .503
FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASS'N; E. C.
Star!:; Manager ........................ 301
FOREST, MRS. E. R.. Purchasing Agent... .71T
FRENCH SCHOOL (by conversation). Dr. A.
Mozzarelli. Manager ........ ....... ...TOO
GALVANI. W. H., Engineer and Draughts
man .-........,...,..... 609
GEARY. DR. EDWARD p Physician and
Surgeon ......... ......,..... ..T' "13
GOESY, A. J.. Physician and Surgeon. .700-710
GQDDARD, E. C & CO., Footwear, ground
Ooor - ......120 Sixth street
GOLDMAN. WTLLIAM. Manager Manhattan
LLta Insurance Co.. of New Yor"t.......20B-21!,
GR-A ?C T FRANK 3.. Attorne7-at-Law Gt?
GRE.VZER. MISS BEATRICE, Dentist 703
HAMIVOND. A. B 310
HETDpCGER. GEO. A & CO., Planoo and
OrgaiM ....- . .- 131 Sttth
HOLLISTER. DR. O. C.. Phys. & Surg... 004-303
IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attorney-at-Law.. 418-17-13
KADY. itARK T.. Manager Paclflo North
west Mutual Reserve Fund Ufe Asso... 804-603
LAMONT, JOHN. Vice-President and Gen
eral Marcuger Columbia Telephone Co... ....603
UTTLEFTELD, Hi R., Phys. and Surgeon ..200
MACRUM. TV. S.. Se& Oregon Camera Club..2H
MACKAY, DR. A. E., Phys. and Surg.... 711-7 1
MAXWELL. DR. W. E. Phya. & Surg... 701-2-3
McCAROAR. C A., State Agent Bankers
Life Association .. 002-803
McCOY, NEWTON, Attorney-at-Law 713
McFADEN. MVSS IDA E.. Stenographer-.., ..201
McGINN. HENRY E.. Attorney-a:-Law..311-J15
1 McKELL. T. J., Manufacturers Representa
tive .. ...... 301
MILLER COLLECTION AGENCY 30J
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist and
Oral Surgeon ................ 808-603-
MOSSMAN. DR. B. P.. Dentist 512-313 31 1
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO., of
New York; W. Goldman. Manager...... 209-21O-
McELROY. DR. J- G. Phys. & Sarg.701-702-703
McFARLAND. E. B.. Secretary . Columbia
Telephone Co.... ....-.. ........... ..600
M.TiGUIRE, S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier.
Publisher ...-. 415-410
McTOM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law 500
MUVUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New
York: Wm. S. Pond. State Mgr. 404-405-400
MUT17AL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N,
M. T. Kadr. Mgr. Pacific Northwest.... 604-603
NICHOiLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law..713
NliES. M. L., Cashier Manhattan Life In
surance Co., of New Yorlc ...20a
OREGON INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY;
Dr. L. B- Smith. Osteopath.... .408-403
OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-215-216-217
PERNIN itHORTHAND SCHOOL; H. W.
Behnke. Ptln ... , ....211
POND, WM- S , State Manager Mutual Life
Ins. Co. of New Yorlc. 404-405-400
PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY..
......-..-.-.-.-.Ground floor. 133 Sixth street
PORTLAND PRESS CLUB 713
PROTZMAN. EUGENE C... Superintendent
Agencies Mutual Reserve Fund Lite, of
New York . .. ,..... 604
PUTNAM'S SONS. G. P., Putsilshers........318
QUIMBY. L. P. "W.. Game and Forestry
Warden - ...... 716-717
REED & MALCOLM. Opticians. .133 Sixth street
REED. F. C. Fish Commissioner... .......407
SAMUEL. L. Manager Equitable Life ..300
SANDFORD. A. C. & CO.. Publishers Agts..513
SCRXBNER'S SONS. CHAS.. Publishers;
Jesse Hobson. Manager -. ..315-516-517
SHERWOOD. X. W.. Deputy Supreme Com
mander. K. O. T. M 517
SMITH. DR. L. B.. Osteopath..... 403-400
SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION .500
STARK. E. C Executive Special. Fidelity
Mutual Life Association of Phlla.. Pa...... .301
STARR & COLE. Pyrography 402
STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law.. .eiS-Gie-ei
STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist.. 704-703
STRONG. F. H. & G. M.. General Agents
Union Central Ufe Ins. Co . ,....402-403
SURGEON OF THE 3. P. RY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO 700
STROWBRIDGE. THOS. H., Executive Spe
cial Agent Mutual Life, of New York.. .....400
SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE - sot
Tuuui. un- uo... .. uu uiwtm
UNION CENTRAL LIFE INS. CO.; F. H.
& G-M. Strong Agents.. 402-40J
U. S. WEATHER BUREAU..... 006-007-9O8-009
U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH
DIST., Captain W. C Langfltt. Corpa of
Engineers. U. S. A 303
U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W.
C. Lansfltt Corps of Engineers. U. S. A.. .310
WALKER. WILL H., President Oregon
Camera Club. ... ,..214-215-216-217
WEATHERRED. MRS. EDYTH, Grand Sec
retary Native Daughters ............. 716-717
WHITE. MISS L. E Ass't Sec Oregon Cam
era Club 2H
WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phys. & Sur.304-5
WILSON. DR. GEO. F.. Phys. & Surg... 706-707
WILSON. DR. HOLT a. Phvs. & Surg.,.507-503
WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician., 412-413-4U
"WEUuAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO ...613
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