THK MOJRNINCS- OREGimAS, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 3, 1900.
Water Was Turned in at Chicago
Yesterday.
AN ENTIRE" LACK OF-.CEREMONY
Completion of the Work Begrnn Sev
en Yearn Ajro at a Cost of
$33,000,000.
CHICAGO. Jan. 2. The $33,000,000 canal,
at present used for sewage, but ultimate
ly to be a ship canal, Is In use today, after
seven years of hard -work by the trustees
of the sanitary district, which Is the name
of a corporation Including the larger part
of the city of Chicago and many of Its
suburbs. At least, the Chicago end of It
4s In use, but the water has not yet
reached the other end at Lockport, 111.,'
and 'will not reach It for several days.
Probably never before has the comple
tion of a public work of such magnitude
been marked with such absolute lack of
ceremony. There were no speeches, no
exercises, no cheering. About 8 A. UL,
the sanitary district trustees and engiJ
neers gathered at the scene. Besides a
few workmen, there were not a dozen
spectators. There was no grand rush of
water, to be followed by the cheers of
spectators. Indeed, the opening of the ca
nal resembled more the tiny stream of
water that flowed over the Holland dyke
and grew larger and larger until it swept
a. great hole in the wall of earth. This is
the way the great canal was opened. This
method was used to avoid the danger of
a sudden rush of waters, but it robbed
tne opening of all lmpressiveness.
What Is called the collateral cana has
been completed for some time from a
branch of the Chicago river, In the south
western part of the city to within 15 feet
of the canal. Monday night a big steam
dredge began to cut away this wall of
earth, but the work had not been finished
when the sanitary district trustees ar
rived on the scene this morning. Shortly
before 9 A. M . a small stream of water
was flowing through the hole in the 15
foot wall. It backed up against a sluice
gate, and at 9 o'clock the gate was
opened. Then a small stream of dirty
water flowed half way to the canal and
stopped. By this time the dredge had cut
away some more earth, and more water
came over the dam. This, with what had
gone before, trickled out on the Ice-covered
bed of the main channel, and the
great canal had been opened.
Tlie AVatervrny Opened.
The men at work on the earth dam tried
a charge of dynamite to remove an ice
jam that was interfering with the flow of
water, but the opening was not enlarged.
At last the dredge worked itself close up
to the dam of earth, and with a few
sweeps of its arm, cut a big hole in the
dam. Quite a stream of water came
through, but the dredge continued for
hours to cut away the 15-foot wall of
earth. Finally the cut in the dam was
discharging 30,000 cubic feet of water a
minute, and the flow was strong down
the canal. The dredge continued at work
all day, so as to make the discharge 50,003
cubic feet or more a minute. The canal
has been built to carry 300,000 cubic feet
a minute, but only about 50,000 cubic feet
a minute will be admitted until the chan
nel is full. If the Chicago river had
been turned Into the empty canal at the
rate of 30D.OOO feet a minute, the engineers
feared for the safety of the numerous
bridge piers in the canal channel and for
the controlling works at Lockport and
the city of Joliet, 40 miles away. There
would have been also great danger in
the Chicago river from a sudden fall of
water and a constant inrushing from
Lake Michigan.
- About Wednesday at noon. the water is
expected to reach Lockport, and abdut
four days from the time the flow began,
according to the estimate of the chief en
gineer, the canal will be full, and the
water will begin to run over the sills' at
the gate at Lockport, 28 miles from Chi
cago. There Jt will fall into the Des
plalnes river, and then Into the Illinois
and Mississippi, and so Anally Lake Mich
igan will shake hands with the Gulf of
of Mexico.
Chicago people are already eagerly
watching the effect on the Chicago river
of the opening of the canal. This stream
which Is so objectionable in its present
condition, is expected to become com
paratively pure, and certainly to lose all
its features, objectionable from a sanitary
standpoint, when the present stagnation
gives way to a full, strong current from
Lake Michigan.
THE DRAINAGE CAXAL.
History and Scope of the Great Chl
cngo Enterprise.
CHICAGO, Jan. 2. Probably no public
work has been undertaken by any state
or municipality which, from its ery in
ception, was designed to do so much for
the navigable and commercial interests o
the country as the Chicago canaL The
requirement of law which compelled the
construction of rock sections to meet the
demands of the next generation, was wise,
for it has laid the foundation of a mam
moth ship canal, connecting the Great
Lakes with the Mississippi river and the
Gulf, and saving the sanitary district of
Ch ciigo and the federal government the
great expense that would. In the future,
be necessary in Tock ex ca ration and blast
ing under the flowing water.
The canal, if confined by law to the sin
gle requirement of disposing of Chicago's
sewage, could have heen constructed for
from $12,000,000 to $14,000,000, so the sani
tary district can justly claim to have ex
pended at least J20.000.000 In the direction
of the great nav gable waterway.
The proceedings of congress will show
that, in the last 103 years of petitions and
demands for congressional appropriations
for harbors and canals and public Improve
ments, no petitioning city or community
has contributed for purely commercial
purposes 5 per cent of the amount which
th s sanitary district has contr.buted to
ward the commercial waterway to connect
the Great Lakes with the Gulf of Mexico.
As1 an engineering triumph, the great in
terest in the Chicago canal lies In the fact
that it disposes of the sewage of this city
In a manner contrary to the laws of na
ture and contrary to the laws of gravity.
The common law of England from the
days of the conquest, when customs began
to be molded Into laws, down to the
present time, and, Indeed, the laws and
customs of the Latin races as well, have
recognized in the flowing streams of the
land the natural outlet of the sewage of
all populous communities. Were the city
of Chicago situated upon the Illinois river,
or were the entire area of the city even
situated in the natural watershed of the
Desplaines river, there would be no sig
nificance in the plans forever to turn the
sewage of the city down the valley of tho
Desplaines and Illinois rivers; but the
uniqueness of the canal plan is that it re
stores topographical conditions existing
in prehistoric times when the overflow
waters, if indeed not all waters of the
Great Lake region, flowed down the Mis
sissippi valley, by making a cut through
the glacial drift and rock between Chicago
and Lockport of an average depth of about
S5 feet. In order once more to restore the
gravity flow from Lake Michigan to the
Desplaines and Illinois valleys.
It Is not because a canal has been con
structed, but because a canal has been
constructed which diverts the sewage of
the c'ty of Chicago from Its natural out
let through the Chlcaeo river Into the
lake to an artificial outlet from the Chi
cago river into the Desplalnes and Illi
nois. There lies the contention of the clt'
zens of Illinois and the 3Ilssisslppl valley
against this artificial channel In contradis
t nation to the Inherent right of communi
ties to dispose of sewage by the natural
gravity flow of the country.
While the, Chlc&co river has been deep
ened and widened In order to Increase Its
flow and capacity, the canal itseit, prop
erly speaking, begins at the south branch
of the Chicago r.ver, at Robey street, and
continues southward as an entirely artifi
cial channel until it reaches the controlling
works at Lockport, a distance of 28 miles
of entirely artificial construction. At
Lockport the channel widens to about 500
feet Into a windage basin, in which the
large lake vessels can be easily turned
and maneuvered. The fall from tne
mouth of the Chicago river to the Lockpor'
works and be it remembered that hence
forth the Chicago river will flow up stream
as it is commonly understood will be only
seven feet, as the flow of water in rapid
ity and volume through the Chicago river
to the canal Is entirely controlled by the
bear trap and dam controlling works sit
uated at the Lockport works, the fall south
of the controlling works being abrupt, and
about 40 feet In the next four miles.
It is "by means of these controlling works
that the water was turned down the val
ley by the simple opening of the great
gates or valves, and it Is also by means of
the controlling works that the waters down
the valley can be as suddenly turned off In
case emergencies might demand. There
fore, the popular belief that the waters
of the canal, having been once turned down
the valley, the flow must be unceasing
and beyond human control, Is erroneous,
for the flow of this great volumeof 3,000,000
cubic feet per minute can be stopped
almost as easily as the simple turning of
a faucet In the spigot of a barrel.
The controlling works have Involved tho
construction of seven sluice gates of metal
with the necessary bulkheads and one bear
trap dam. The sluice gates have a ver
tical flow of 20 feet, and an opening of
32 feet The bear trap dam has an open
ing of 160 feet and an oscillation of 17 feet
vertically. This dam Is essentially two
great metal leaves, hinged together and
working between masonry bulkheads. The
down-stream leaf is securely hinged to a
very heavy foundation, und the up-stream
leaf is so placed as to present the barrier
to the water. This structure Is operated
by admitting water through properly-constructed
conduits, controlled by valves be
neath the leaves just described. To raise
the crest of the dam, water is admitted
from the up-stream side and the discharge
shut off until the desired height is ob
tained, and then the valves are adjusted
fco that the volume of water beneath the
leaves shall be constant To lower the
crest the water beneath the leaves is
drawn off until the desired height is
reached, when the valves are again ar
ranged so as to maintain a constant vol
ume of water.
The first work In this great enterprise
was begun on "shovel day," September
3, 1S92, on the rock cut below Lemont, on
the line between Cook and Will counties,
so that a little over seven years have
been consumed in the entire work, involv
ing an outlay of about $33,000,000. Over 80
per cent of the entire work was done dur
ing the so-called panic period, and, owing
to this fact, the entire cost of construction
was reduced about $8,000,500. Indeed, the
Doara or trustees ana its engineers are
unanimous In the belief that the work
could not now be duplicated, under exist
ing prices for both labor and material, for
less than $40,000,000.
Up to the present time and, indeed, for
the past 15 years, the entire, sewage of tho
city of Chicago, which empties into the
Chicago river, has, as a matter of fact,
been flowing down the Desplaines valley
and Into the Illinois and Mississippi rivers.
That the citizens of the Mississippi val
ley are Ignorant of this fact as 60 per
cent of them are makes it no less a fact,
and meanwhile this sewage has been in a
highly offensive condition, for It has passed
down the Illinois and Michigan canal, Into
which it was dumped by the Bridgeport
pumping works from the south fork of the
south branch, in a volume of only about
40.000 cubic feet per minute. It Is this
same flow of actual sewage, therefore.
and no more and no less, that is to pas3
down the Illinois valley, bat diluted by
a tremendous flow of water from Lake
Michigan, amounting' to S00.O0O cubic feet
per minute; or, nearly eight times the past
flow, and by the rapid exudation that takes
place in surging and flowing water, this
sewage will be rendered Innocuous and
narmless even before the city of Joliet is
reached If the contention of the most emi
nent chemists and bacteriologists is cor
rect Later on, say In six or seven months,
when the system of Intercepting sewers,
now In process of construction by the city
of Chicago, Is completed, an approximate
of 4200 cubic feet per minute of sewage,
which Is now flowing into Lake Michigan,
will be diverted into the Chicago river
and the canal, so as to increase by the
addition of 6000 feet per minute of sew
age the amount now going down the Illi
nois river. Consequently, It is said, it
will be several months after the opening
of the canal before any one can complain
of receiving a single ounce of Chicago
sewage additional to that which has for
years been flowing down the valley, and,
reduced to a plain statement of facts, ac
cording to one of the trustees, the only
complaint which the valley towns can
now make against the opening of the
canal Is that it will Immediately benefit
their present conditions by a water dilu
tion of 7 times the volume of sewage
now diverted down the valley.
The canal has been constructed In strict
conformity with the requirements of the
law under which the sanitary district of
Chicago was organized, and It Is of suffi
cient size and capacity to produce and
of the two 94 square miles In which there
is no community of Interest as affecting
the two municipalities.
Every one now freely admits that the
entire city of Chicago should have been
made a part of the sanitary district at the
beginning, but this was not done and can
not be done without additional legisla
tion by the general assembly; and tho
popular error that the two municipali
ties are practically one Irom the tax
payers' standpoint and from the consid
eration of the legal municipal problems
involved in their welfare, Is malicious and
likely to conduce to such misleading con
clusions that it cannot be too early cor
rected. The sanitary district of Chicago
comprises all of the city north of Eighty
seventh street, together with, some 43
square miles of Cook county outside of the
city limits, which will be directly benefited
by the Improvement. The population of
the city of Chicago in 1S90, according to
the federal census, was 1,090,SO, and the
equalized assessed valuation of real estate
and other property subject to taxation In
the sanitary district for the year 1S98 was
$298,299,997, being about one-tenth of the
veal value.
The trustees are elected by popular vote,
and form an independent organization
distinct from the municipal government
of Chicago. The trustees may levy and
collect taxes for carrying on the work in
trusted to them, to the extent of one-half
of 1 per cent of the yalue of the taxable
property within the corporate limits of
the district, as the same shall be assessed
and equalized for state and county taxes
of the year in which the levy is made, and
by amendment, passed by the 39th gen
eral assembly of Illinois in 1895, this
power was Increased to 1& per cent for
a period of three years beginning with the
year 1895.
THE POISON PACKAGE
MOLINJ3UX LAWYER .TRIED TO
SHOW THAT CORNISH SEAT IT.
Long Cross-Examination of the Lat
ter Day's Proceedings Wound
Up With, Medical Testimony.
HOW PEOPLE SETTLED.
Successive Waves of Migration De
termined by Topograph.
"Above the south and east of the Appal
achian chain, the geography of the popu
lation of the United States falls into di
visions as clear and as readily apprehend
ed as they might have been predicted
had the students of earth's surface pro
ceeded far enough ahead of its occupants
to take the bearings." This statement
Is made In AInslee's Magazine, and the
writer thus supports it: "The original
Ohio Immigration spread over the topo
graphical plain until It was checked at
the Mississippi. It went toward the Ca
nadian boundary until it was baffled by
the downpourlng cold from the lakes of
Winnipeg and from Rat portage. A sec
ond movement crossed the Mississippi and
the Missouri rivers, settling Iowa and
Missouri and overflowing into the higher
termini of Kansas and Nebraska. When
the navigation fever grew strong, and the
public lands became as numerous as are
the passions of men to obtain things
free of cost, Michigan, Wisconsin and
Minnesoto were Inhabited, with a scat
tered surplus crowding over into the then
forbidding prairies of Dakota. The set
tlement of Texas was a movement by it
self, as Texas has always been a state
alone and unique in its place in the galaxy
of the nation.
"Gold allurements on the Pacific coast
put the procession of the census out of
Its order and .left a big blank between
the Sierra Nevada, Wasatch and Cascade
ranges, and the western portions of Kan
sas and Nebraska, until similar allure
ments in Colorado at the time of discov
ery of the Leadville carbonates reversed
the order again and created the constit
uency of a state in the vicinity of Pike's
peak. Kansas and Nebraska filled up
with the extension of the railroads to
ward the coast. The Dakotas thickened
their population after the northern rail
ways were completed. Washington state
constituted almost a movement by Itself,
ensulntr upon the arrival of the Vlllard
railroad experiment at Puget sound and
the discovery of the water possibilities
in the eastern section, which is now
known as the Palouse country. A last,
and probably final, movement set In when
the territories of. Jdaho, Montana and
Wyoming received' their statehood
"Population halted, and halts now, at
the rocky shore of the Pacific. The next
great division will be In pursuit of the
constellation of fame which Admiral
Dewey lit In the bay of Manila."
a '
RAN INTO A SLIDE.
North-Bound Oregon Express
layed Sonfch of Ashland.
Dc-
NBW YORK, Jan. 2. The 47th day of
the trial of Roland B. Molineux for the
murder of Mrs. Kathcrtne J. Adams
opened with Harry S. Corn-sh again on
the stand. The cross-examlnatiqn of Cor
nish oy Attorney Weeks was the feature
of the day's proceedings. Mr. Weeks com
menced the cross-examination of Cornlsn
by Inquiring about the hours of his re
turn home from the Knickerbocker Ath
letic Club the night ot December 27, li93.
Cornish acknowledged he was mistaken in
his previous testimony as to the hour.
The lines of the cross-questioning soon
shifted, Mr. Weeks apparently attempting
to show that Mr. Cornish, after 20 eara
of caring for athletes, ought to know the
taste of bromo seltzer.
The witness was next compelled to run
a rauntlet of questions regarding h:3 re
lations with the various members of the
household of Mrs. Adams. Cornish iest
fied he could not remember who first
told him Mrs. Rogers, the daughter ot
Mrs. Adams, had separated from her hus
band. Cornish testified that he went to
Chicago In 1)3, and that his wife ob
tained a d.vorce from him in March, 1S97.
Under a severe cross-examination he ad
mitted that he knew a Mrs. .Small; that
she had died In 1894; that her real name
was Mrs. Patterson; that he had sent the
woman to a hospital before she died, and
that he had paid the expenses Incurred
in connection with her burial. Cornish
was apparently Irritated by the searching
questions asked by the attorney for the
defense," and finally retorted: "You ought
to know all about that. The phy&iclan
told your detectives all about it."
Mr. Weeks paused a moment and then
asked Cornish If he had gone to Chicago
to find out about what the detectives had
done. Cornish hesitated and finally ac
knowledged going out to Chicago and
mak ng inquiries. .
"Mr. Weeks then compelled the witness
to go over the story ot his own Illness
the morning of the death of Mrs. Adams.
He was closely questioned concerning his
visit to the office of Mr. Yocum; whom
Cornish styled his "best friend." He was
asked as to the route that he took In
going from Yocum's office up town Decem
ber 23. This l.ne of quest oning was sig
nificant as it developed the face that Cor
nish passed the general poatofflce and
that he had thus been given the oppor
tunity of mailing the poison package him
self. Cornish never flinched, but acknowl
edged being In that vlcnlty the after
noon of the day before he received the
fatal package. Mr. Weeks succeeded In
making the witness acknowledge discrep
ancies concerning the time of the rece pt
ot tne oromo seltzer; also errors In his
statements to the newspapers as to the
manner in which iie was dressed at tne
Adams apartment the morning of the mur
aer. Cornish also acknowledged that at
one time he thought Fe.lx J. Gallagher
wrote the Harpster letter.
When Interrogated regarding certain
statements given out to the repcrers,
Cornish said that he had searched lor
manifold copies and notes at the club
house, but that they had been stolen. He
denied making an appointment with a le
porter of the New York Journal and offer
ing to sell for $1000 a story as to who
sent the poison, but he acknowledged a
meeting for the purpose of ascertaining
who first gave Mollneux's name to the
Journal.
Mr. Weeks succeeded in getting the wit
ness to acknowledge that in 1S97 he wore
a white alpine hat with a black band, but
he denied wearing a hat of this character1
during 1898. These questions were regarced
as significant chiefly because of the fact
that a -person wearing a hat of this de
scription is known to have rented pr.vate
letter boxes and received letters wh ch
have figured In this case.
Cornish testified that the connection be
tween the poison package address and
the handwriting of Molineux was first
mentioned by John D. Adams. He denied
purchasing works on chemistry in Decem
ber, 1898.
Assistant District Attorney Osborne
again took Cornish in hand and asked him
whether he had ever heard Mr. Carvalho,
the handwriting expert, say that Cornish
could not have written the pblson package
address. Cornish said that he cou d not
remember. When Cornish said that the
pass over jessamine and roses, heliotrope
and lavender, musk and mignonette. But
for its beauty to the eye, the clematis
would Ipng ago have been destroyed. Yet,
if It were to go, the insects would con
sider that the chief glory of the gardens
had gone with it. The other day I saw a
scrap ,of grouse thrown to a. pug.. The
dog caught It in its mouth, dropped it
on the carpet, and rolled on it in an
ecstacy; lay on its back and slid up and
down the thing. The morsel was at once
taken away, but the pug, oblivious of
the more substantial enjoyments which Is
usually associated with the dinner hour,
kept faithful to the tainted spot on the
carpet, turned somersaults on it and
scraped itself along it, although there
was nothing there but a smell. Can any
thing be Imagined to set human and
canine enjoyments further apart ithan this,
that the dainty which the gourmet eats
the dog thinks too precious to swallow,
and rolls on It, extending Its delight in it
over many days, and returning every time
with all its first enthusism? So thai the
tastes of wild creatures are "not to be
disputed of."
o
MORE IN DETAIL.
HAS A BETTER CHANCE
VlewB of the Roman Catholic Bishop
of Kimbcrley.
ASHLAND, Or., Jan. 2. The north
bound Oregon overland express, due here
at 2 o'clock this morning, ran Into a
mountain slide about 4 A. M., seven miles
south of Ashland. The train was brought
to a sudden stop, the engine being slightly poison box had been tied with a string,
thrown out of place, but no serious dam- Juror Edgar remarked It must have been
age resulted. The passengers owe their sent as open matter. Mr. Osborn thanked
escape from a calamity to the low rate or the juror for the suggestion, and added
speed. The slide covers the track t& the that he would endeavor to follow it up.
depth of four feet for a distance of about juror Billings asked the witness whe.her
100 feet. All trains were delayed until 5
o'clock tonight. There was a heavy rain
fall during the night.
jot
he had ever had his desk broken open
prior to the time that he had It opened
forcibly to get the bottle and bottle-holder
and remove it from the club to the Adams
flat, and the witness replied in the affirma
tive. After the attorneys for the prosecution
and the defens", Recorder Goff and the
jurors had questioned Cornish Harry A.
maintain at all times a continuous flow
of at least 300.000 cubic feet of water per
minute, with a current not exceeding one
mile per hour. The flow of water Is of
the minimum depth of 22 feet In the earth
sections of the canal, and the same depth
throughout the rock sections. The rock
sections are constructed of a width of 160
feet at the bottom. All the rock sections
and five of the earth sections have now a
capacity for a flow of CO0.O00 cubic feet of
water per minute, so that when the pop
ulation of the city of Chicago Increases
to 3,000,000 people, these sections will bo
adequate for all demands; consequently,
the only work then remaining to be done
to fulfill the requirements of law and the
necessities of the Increasing population
will be the mere work of shoveling and
dredging to deepen and widen eight miles
of the earth sections to conform to the
rock sections.
The plan of the Chicago canal can
hardly be said to have been original with
any one man. It has been a growth, a
development, and many men can justly
lay claim to having played a prominent
part In this great public work. The Her
ing commission, under Mayor Harrison
the first, made definite recommendations
for the disposal of Chicago's sewage by
this method. Later on, a joint commis
sion was appointed by the general assem
bly of Illinois to sit between sessions and
formulate a bill for discussion by the
31st general assembly. This committee In
January, 18S9, presented to the general as
sembly at Springfield a bill drawn under
under Its direction and suggestion by
John P. Wilson, of Chicago, which be
came the groundwork for the present san
itary district act The valley people of
fered amendment after amendment; the
bill was considered In standing commit
tees, in joint committees, In committees
of the whole, and in great detail in the
two houses of the general assembly of
that year, and finally enacted Into a law
full of compromises and concessions.
The sanitary district was organized, un
der the requirements of the law, by an
affirmative vote of the people within the
district, in November, 1890, and it com
prises within its area 182 square miles.
The popular impression that in Its area It
Is practically coextensive with the limits
of the city of Chicago Is 'entirely errone
ous. As a matter of fact, the sanitary
district comprises 44 square miles in Cic
ero and Lyons, which are not within the
city of Chicago, and the city of Chicago,
on the other hand, comprises 50 square
miles in Hyde Park, Lake, Evanston and
Jefferson, which are not within the sani
tary district. Consequently, while the city
of Chicago contajns 1SS square miles and
the sanitary district 182 square miles,
there Is really within the combined area
Clarence Brnne Sued.
SAN FRANCISCO. Jan. 2. Clarence M.
Brune, the actor, and his wife, Minnie
TIttel Brune, were sued today by Edward
Pvmo -for thi rp.r.nvprv nf A. ra.nnh nf R3 (Wirt
acres In Durango, Mex., valued at $25,000, . ", '' " - uiuuiiuumu jx
TOitnh -Rvmf. pvhanfrp in iR9fi for iso , change, was called to the stand. King
shares of the Moscow National bank, of testified that Cornish had shown him the These I do not care to consider.
la. Brune was the cashier and ' y-nrisxmas present wnicn ne tnougnt naa -j have always held that a ma
Boston Herald.
The Right Rev. Anthony Gaughran,, Ro
man Catholic bishop at KImberloy, South
Africa, furnishes some Interesting infor
mation and opinions with regard to the
difficulties, now merged into war, be
tween the British and the Boers.
In a letter to a member of the Herald
staff, dated previous to the outbreak ot
hostilities (Sept. 19), he champions the
cause of the Outlander population of the
Transvaal republic, and views the ques
tion from the standpoint of one who de
sires equal rights for all In that coun
try. A residence of 13 years in South
Africa has enabled the bishop to acquire
a thorough acquaintance with the condi
tions existing in that country. It will be
observed that Bishop Gaughran was thor
oughly convinced at the time the letter
was written that war between the Brit
ish and the Boers was inevitable.
The part of the letter which Is of pub
lic Interest is as follows:
"Now for my personal opinion about
the matter. I can, with a safe con
science, say .that I think that England
very seldom had a more just cause for
war. The state of things In the Trans
vaal was a scandal to the nations. That
a handful of men, some of wfrom were
very Illiterate, and ,all of whom were
very prejudiced and selfish, should ex
pect to be allowed to make laws for
ever for those who spent their money In
buying up property In that country and
developing its wealth. Is preposterous.
"Chamberlain's Indictment of the Trans
vaal government was perfectly fair. I
have no hesitation in saying so, and I
have had 13 years to study this question.
"I am not an "Englishman, as you
know, nor are my sympathies In general
with England; but In this case I do be
lieve that England will do credit to our
common humanity by forcing a small
state calling Itself a republic to give
equal rights to all.
"Whatever one may call . England's
title to interfere in this matter, it is
certain that In former years most of the
Boers, their president at their head,
asked England to come to their aid and
take over the state. She did so, and
then when the debts of the little republic
were paid by England, and Paul Kru
ger received his salary, which was hi
arrears foV a long time, he started a
rebellion against the new authority.
Gladstone, gave them back their country
under certain conditions. The fourth
clause of the convention conveyed the
idea that all who go Into tho country shall
have equal rights. The Boers and their
volksraad did not keep that promise; they
did not give equal rights to all.
"When the rush to the Transvaal be
gan there was a very simple law for the
franchise. I am writing from memory.
f but I think it must have been a residence
of two years and paying taxes. A few
years afterward this was Increased to
six years, then to nine years, then to 14
years; and no one could say how many
more years might be added on.
"Those who invested their money in the
country had no hope of ever having a
voice in the government of the country,
and yet the Uitlanders were twice as nu
merous, at least, as the original usurpers.
For In my mind I do not give to the
Boers of the Transvaal the title of na
tionality. They simply killed the Kaffirs
50 years ago, and they took their place.
There Is nothing In this that implies pro
scription for a nation.
"Now comes the question of Paul Kru
ger and his advisers. He had a clever
man for some years who kept him from
committing himself too far; but he has
left him, and now the whole government
seems to be the boat without a rudder.
Oom Paul Is shrewd, but when one con
siders that the president of the small re
public which has only 60.000 inhabitants
or thereabouts receives a salary as laige
as that of the president of the United
States, one can Imagine that patriotism
Is not the very first characteristic of his
life.
T canont enter Into the details of con
cessions which, I believe, were most
iniquitous as regards the interests of the
country, the dynamite question, etc., etc.
INDIAN .WAR VETERANS BILL- BE
FORE CONGRESS.
Henderson Was a Soldier, and 'Will
Not Oppose, as Reed Did Fate
Uncertain, However.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 29. A measure of
widespread Interest, not. only in Oregon,
but in Washington, and other Western
states, is the Indian war veteran bill, In
troduced In the senate by Senator Mc
Bride and In the house by Representative
Tongue. This is not a new measure, by
any means, nor are these the first men
that introduced It in congress. In the
days of the old Oregon delegation this bill
first made Its appearance, and was de
feated. Since its first introduction it has
been introduced time and again, meeting
with various degrees of success, but never
getting through congress.
The members of the present delegation
realize the merits of the bill, and intro
duced It early in the session, hoping to
KIDNEY AND BLADDER
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ing use of liquor, wine or beer, and uv r
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compelled to go often during the tlay a l
to get up many times during the nig
The mild and the extraordinary effect "
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If yon need- a medicine you shot, i
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and its -great cures, both sent absolu
ly free by mall, address Dr KHmer ,.
Co.. BInghamton, N. Y. When, wnf -,
mention that you read this generous off -in
The Portland Daily Oregonian.
democrats can find an issue for 1900, mu
get favorable reports from the committees j 1ms , do I see how they can expect
soon after tne holidays. As a matter oi
Moscow. Ida.
one of the directors of this bank, and rep
resented that the shares were worth 140
each, Byrne says, but in fact they were
worthless and the bank was Insolvent.
The stock was placed In escrow for Byrne,
but he has refused to receive It
o
French. Conspiracy Cases.
PARIS. Jan. 2. The high court (senate)
concluded the hearing of the conspiracy
cases today, with counsel's speech in de
fense of M. Guerin. The court then re
tired to deliberate, and later announced
that it had decided, by a vote of 148 to 48,
that M. Buffet was guilty, with extenu
ating circumstances; it acquitted MM.
Godeferay and Deveaux, owing to the
large minority In their favor, and it ac
quitted MM. Sabran and De Ramel. The
court then adjourned until tomorrow with
out arriving at a decision respecting MM.
Guerin and Deroulede.
Relieved of His Liabilities.
CHICAGO, Jan. 2. Levi R. Doty, capi
talist and formerly president of several
large coal companies, was relieved of lia
bilities aggregating $5,000 000 by order of
Judge Grosscup in the United States dis
trict court, today. The assets of Mr. Doty
amounted to 1400,000, consisting principally
of stock In various coal companies.
a
Killed His Yonns Wife, Then Himself.
HARTVILLE, Mo., Jan. 2. James T.
Moore, aged 65 years, shot and killed his
wife, aged 22 years, near Manes, last night,
and then blew his head off. Mrs. Moore
was the daughter of John Hunter, who re
cently killed C. C. WInningham. She was
Moore's second wife, ana had left home
after a quarrel.
e '
Wages Advanced.
PITTSBURG, Jan. 2. The wages of 25,
000 men In Pittsburg were advanced to
day from 5 to 10 per cent and Jn some
cases even a greater percentage. Of these
14,000 are employed by the Carnegie Steel
Company, 6000 by Jones & Laughlln, and
5000 by the United States and National
Glass companies.
a
Portland People in San Francisco.
SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 2. Portland ar
rivals are registered at leading hotels here
as follows: C. S. Andrews, at the Pal
ace; J. L. Berry and wife, H. E. Wilson,
at the Grand; J. Gahn, J. O. Walker, H.
Mann, J. Jones, at the New Western.
e
New South Wales Gold Yield.
SYDNEY, N. S. W., Jan. 2. The gold
yield for 1899 in New South Wales was
503,418 ounces, an Increase of 163,925 ounces
over 1S98.
been sent by a friend; that he went to
the water-cooler, Intending to tak-a dose
of bromo seltzer; that he found no wa er
man in any
In the, cooler and gave uo the attempt
He1 'Identified the poison bottle and tne
tne
country has the same right as another
if he conducts himself as he ought, and
that there should be no distinction beyond
that which Is necessary to test his sln-
irltir T.Af fVio TTnlfrorl Rtntac Va tVia
nt.t - t imp model for "publics in this matter,
at mat time. "There must not -be at the end of the
The next witness was Patrick J. F nner, 19th century a government calling Itself
the assistant of Cornish at the Knicker- i a republic, while it Is in reality a close
bocker Club. He suggested to Cornlsn. nHo.n.
he said, that It would be well to save the
wrapper from the waste-basket, where
Cornish had thrown It, for the purpose of
finding, If possible, some clew to the Iden
tity ot the sender.
Felix J. Gallagher, a former employe of
the Knickerbocker Athletc Club, now also
a "stock broker, testified that h was
friendly with Molineux; that he was dis
charged from the Knickerbocker Club;
through the Influence of Molelneux he
went to the New York Athletic Club. Mr.
Osborne had considerable difficulty .n get
ting the wltnets to testify as to tne move
ments of Rudolph Heilea and A. A. Harp
ster, and did not succeed In bringing out
many new points.
The day's proceedings wound up with
medical testimony which the prosecution
had heretofore kept in the background.
Coroner's Physician Albert T. Weston,
who performed the autorsy on the boay
of Mrs. A'dams, was the first medical wit
ness of the day. He told In detail the
story of the post mortem. Mr. Weeks
then cross-examined the witness at great
length. He elicited the fact that Dr.
Weston had not made a microscopic ex
amination of any part of the body of
Mrs. Adams, though the physician himself
acknowledged the Importance of this. Mr.
Osborne, on the redirect examination, took
advantage of the crosr-examinatlon of Mr.
Weeks to bring In the name of H. C.
Barnet. Mr. Weeks strongly objected; but
despite his efforts, Recorder Goff allowed
the witness to testify that the last autopsy
he had performed had bsen upon the body
of Henry C. Barnet, at Greenwood ceme
tery, February 28, 1899.- Mr. Weeks con
tinued his pleadings with the recorder and
his objections until Mr. Orborne remarked
that if the attorney for the defense ob
jected so strongly he would desist and
let the witness go. Court then adjourned
until tomorrow.
The Pngr and Gronsc.
Phil Robinson In the Contemporary.
From the veranda some clematis hangs
down in beautiful festoons, and In early
autumn it is a mass of bloom. But, alas
for the scent of it! Yet, it is the favorite
rendezvous for all the butterflies, flies and
moths of the place. All day and half the
night they besiege it. In their eagerness
to reach the evil-smelling flowers they
"Now. I have given you my views in
general on the situation. Were I to go
into the history of this country in more
detail I could make a very much stronger
case against the Boers. I only want to
set you on what I consider the right line
for judging of the struggle which seems
to me is Inevitable now.
"The Boer Is brave. Of that I have
no doubt; but he Is Ignorant and preju
diced to an alarming extent. On that ac
count I do not condemn him, for his
I fathers had to strike out Into the desert
and lived as those who are cut off from,
civilization. His prejudice shows Itself
principally as regards the Catholic
l church; and, second, as regards the civi
lized habits of European nations. The
Catholic church is his bugbear. Catholics
are heathens to him. They worship
snakes and wooden Images.
"I find I might go on forever in this
strain, but I have not time to give you
my ideas fully, and I must wind up by
saying that to my mind a war is the
best way to end the unrest and Inse
curity that torments and paralyzes the
country here at present. We shall all
suffer from It; probably we shall suffer
a great deal, but In the end the country
wlll faln and sain Immensely.
"As tar as you are concerned, do not
allow the Idea to prevail that the Trans
vaal Is a republic, except in name. Be
lieve me, yours faithfully,
"A. GAUPHRAN, O. M."
i o
Relieved of Indebtedness.
NEW YORK, Jan. 2. Henry C. Speer,
formerly & bond broker, and interested in
some larse Western railroad companies,
was today relieved of debts aggregating
5513,000. His assets were $67,981.
Pratt & Pratt, formerly interested in
the Lagrange Land Assoc'atlon, were
discharged of Indebtedness of $157,000.
i o
Kinpr Charles' Speech.
LISBON. Jan.- 2 The cortes was opened
today. The message from the throne de
clared that the cordiality of Portugal's
relations with the other powers was shown
by the presence ,ln the Tagus of fleets of
France. Germany and Great Britain. The
speech made no mention of England or the
Transvaal.
fact, the entire delegation looks upon the
bill with favor, and is ready at any and
all times to defend It. This interest Is not
confined alone to the two members of the
delegation who Introduced the measure,
but to their colleagues as well. When the
senate and house get down to work after
the holiday recess, and the committees
take up the many bills that have been
referred o them for report, the Oregon
men are going to use their utmost efforts
to get this, Indian war veteran bill out ot
committee and, through congress before
adjournment. "
That "the bill did not pass heretofore
can 'hardly be said to be the fault ot
previous delegations, for the meri who In
troduced It worked as earnestly In Us be-
half as they worked for many another
measure wahich did pass. If Is so with
the last delegation, and will be so with
the present one. They will do their best,
but if the opposition to the bill is too
great, they will again face defeat. A
great deal depends upon how the speaker
looks upon claim or pension legislation.
If this Indian war veteran bill should
pass, It would necessitate a cqnslderable
appropriation on the part Qf the govern
ment to pay off outstanding claims and
back pensions, as. well as to maintain sur
vivors or their widows and children on
the pension rolls. Speaker Henderson Is
an old soldier, and, generally speaking,
has much sympathy for the veteran and
his widow. In the last congress this bill
had no more determined opponent than
Speaker Reed, who objected to all bills
that carried any sort of an appropriation.
Now that Reed has been replaced by a
veteran, this obstacle may be out of the
way, and it may be said that the bill has
a slightly better show than heretofore.
Bpt the speaker is not the only obstacle
in the path. There are many members
who have bills . of various characters
which will necessitate greater or less ap
propriations, and they are all working
to have their bills passed, regardless of
other measures, meritorious oif not. These
members will point to the Indian war vet
eran bill, and say that the people to bo
benefited by It are now few In number,
and that they can better be cared for by
the states than the general government,
while their own business is more press
ing. Their measures may not be more
meritorious, and In most cases would not
be, but when a member has a record of
long service behind him, and is one of
the few leading members ot the house,
to say nothing of headirig .some- Important
committee, his bill Is going to have some
thing of a show before It Is rejected, even
if It be to the detriment of some worthy
measure backed by one or two delega
tions whose members do not Include any
leader In house or senate.
Persistent and Faithful- Effort.
It Is these things' that the Oregdn dele
gation will have to contend with in this
matter, and allowance should be made
for the Immense odds against- them.
There Is not an old member In the dele
gation, while there are two new ones
Length of service Is a most Important
factor In congressional Influence, and that
the delegation at this time hicks. The
members are sincere and earnest in their
efforts, and will do the very best thing
possible to get this Indian war veteran
"bill through, but should they fall, it will
be because of the odds against them, and
not for any lack of persistent and faithful
effort on their part.
It Is true that the veterans of the In
dian wars are growing old, and need
these pensions badly. If the bill Is not
passed soon, it will be too late to be of
any use to most of the survivors. But
this fact does not warrant many of the
surviving veterans in threatening the
members of the delegation with defeat at
the next election In case the bill is not
passed. This thing has been done al
ready, and should be stopped before It
goes any farther. The Idea of any organ
ization demanding that congress "speed
ily take such action as shall secure to all
who served In the war against the Indians
on the Pacific coast between the years 1846
and 1857, such pensions as are allowed to
the veterans of the Mexican war." Is
rather ridiculous, as Is the accompanying
demand that "the representatives make a
full, patriotic showing of their ability to
secure the just rights of those patriots of
the early Indian wars." The penalty
meted out to them In case of failure Is
that "We will forever condemn them as
unworthy of our future good w 111 and sup
port" ("we'1 being a camp of Indian vet
erans In Oregon). Such a petition as that
is rather harmful than beneficial to the
cause they seek to advance, and It were
better that they Implore the good Influ
ences of the delegation to secure this leg
islation, and extend their thanks for their
efforts, even if unavailing, rather than
take the other attitude and condemn for
failure In a task that may prove Impos
sible. It has proved so In the past, and
has that much against It in the future.
Kyle's Chanjre of Base.
One of the great surprises of the season
In Washington was the change of base
assumed by Senator Kyle, of South Dako
ta, changing, as he drd, from a silver In
dependent to a gold republican, although
hardly a gold repumican or tne nrst water.
Mr. Kyle' Is not altogether firm in his
beliefs, but goes as far as to say that tne
country has been operating on a practical
gold sfui.dard for 30 years and says It is
doubttui if it is right to again disturb the
money -values of the world. In gclng to
blmetallsm now, he says, we might com
mit a second wrong, the demonetization of
sliver be'.ng the first, in order to make
a right.
Mr. Kyle attributes his change of view
to the changed condition in his own state.
He realize3 that the third-party move
ment ha- degenerated, and that the repub
licans have come out on top In South
Dakota. While Kyle has posed as an in
dependent he has generally acted with the
republicans, and he now changes his name
to fit his case. Kyle says there 's too
much socialism among the populls.s of his
state, and that rather than cling to such
a party he will return to the republican
ranks. He Is, withal, an American, arid
has no sympathy with the socialistic lead
ers, such as Altgeld, Debs and others of
a similar character at home.
H- predicts that South Dakota will go
for McKlnley In 1900 with a majority oi
from 10,000 to 15,000, for he declares that
the unusual prosperity that has heen en
joyed by the farmers has knocked all
socialistic tendencies out of their heads,
and thej are now ready to support the
straignt republican ticket. He says he
fails :i see how the democrats are going
to And ax- Issue for the next campagn.
"The silver question Is dead." he says,
"and I do not see how the trusts can
be made a party Issue. There Is nothing
left for the democrats but antFexpanslcn
and If they don't hurry up, the bottom
will fall out of that Issue before they hold
their nominating cenvent'on. In view of
all these things, 1 do not see where the
win.'
Armes May Publish a Book.
War department people are cortsldemMy
Interested of late In the threatened pui -cation
of a book by Captain G. A. Ann
a retired army otticer. Armea was a r
uate of West Point, reached th rank
captain and on account of some good s i
Ice against the Indians was given abu t
title of major. Armes is ecctntrc, ..o
nothing more, and while a, njan of coi
erable ability, lacks the balance wtiv.
makes a first-class army officer, Ic w
Armes who pulled the nose of Govtn
Beeber, of Pennsylvania, upon the y t
slon of Harrison's inauguration In i v
Other peculiar acts resulted in his cou" -martial,
and he was finally placed on fb
retired list rather than being dealt w t
In any more severe manner. Since th u
tfme he has been trying to get back In
the army, and has had an application c i
file ever since the Spanish war began i .
Ing for an appointment as brlgadler-gen
of volunteers. Of course he never sf i
any show of receiving the appolntm i
although he has haunted the war dep "
ment dally In his efforts to see the st -tary
in order to press his claims for
or some other position. Armes has a
had serious family troubles, and very tr
quently there are reports that he to tu i '
sued for divorce. In fact several tun
sult3 have been entered, but muti.
friends have patched up the dlffert' t
and the suits have been withdrawn.
Now it is said that Armes Is ahoiu
publish a book. In which- he will 'pi
few officers who may have been Int
mental In preventing his advancement i
will not only print severe attacks u.
he will also filL his boojc wH cart""
reflecting upon many of them. It t "
lleved that the chief men he has selec
tor attack are General Lawton. and l -eral
Young, who have dlstlngu shed the n
selves in the Philippines, and ali i
officer of the adjutant-general's depftr
ment. If Armes publishes til boqk th
is little doubt-that It wlli result In
court-martial, as the army 'a In no Imi i
of mind to listen to reflections upon ttv
like General Lawton, especially as t h i '
officer sacrificed his life for the success
the United States army.
ChnnseK in Representation.
The agitation looking to a lessening
the representation In states where a
vote Is not allowed to be polled. Is k
up in one form or another. Represent ,
Crumpacker. of Indiana, seem to h i
made this his special hobby for-the n--ent
congress, and Is anxious to ha i
next congressional apportionment b i
upon the voting population, rather th
upon the actual population. It is v
known that such an arrangement won
largely cut down the Southern reoreaeiu
tion, as. rnany congfessfonat'Sintlrft'ts i
from but.5QQ0,to 2WJ0Q vfttes.lg,, Sou
whereas in the rorth and West to. i
often reaches 40.000 to 50,000. and sum
times is even larger than that. The pn
osltlon of Payne of Wisconsin to li i
the republican representation in t1
South cut down was defeated through
efforts of the administration, and the
that It would cost many negro vous
border states- It Is doubtful if conr
will do what the national committee i1 I
not have the strength to do, as the r"
ting down, of representation in the So t
ern states will be opposed by the negr
of those states and by the republic 11
who make federal patronage a part i
their profession. While the scheme wt
be agitated. It will work right back t
the original principle, that it would hi i
dangerous precedent to establish or f
base representation of any state up
anything but the actual population. Mor
over, any such proposition as that la t. i '
to be fought long and hard in the sen i
It would be a repetition of the Force !
fight in the 51st congress, when the en c i
democratic senate was marshalled agn
the bill which was calculated to strenst -en
federal authority over the South, r
elections. This scheme ta well enough
talk about, and makes Interesting dffc i
slon, but the practical side Is -not t
apparent.
The Strinsency In Chicago.
CHICAGO. Jan. 2. Mayor Harrison w 1
not ask Governor Tanner to eall an exx
session of the legislature to authorize t
city to issue bonds to relieve the rlmn i
stringency. He today concluded that
better plan would be to mandamus Cou
Clerk Knopf and take chances on the cou
compelling Knopf to give the city mort
money.
Steaming Hot
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j down-heartedness, so , i
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j ; cap ol BEEF TEA pre- j
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I " - -i- I .-.- .! i. inwMyl )
Ask Your Druggist
for a
generous
Trial Size....
Ely's Cream Balm
for
CATARRH
(.ream uaim. la places Into tfltj nos"
prtads over the membrane and Is nbserb
Relief is immediate and a cure followi. it a
not drying does not produce meezlnc La i
Sim. 00 cnts t DrucBltta' or by mall Tu
Blze. 10 cent by mall.
ELT BROTHERS. 5rt -Varraa Street, JiewYerk.