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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 3, 1900)
10 THE MOBNING OBEGONIAN, WEDNESDAYt JANUARY 3, 1900. DM SHIES FOR GIRLS: MOM AFFAIRS (Copyright, 1609, THE OREGONIAN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE; v. (PERSONAL ACCOUNTS AND 3IOXEY AFFAIRS. The Need of Proper Trainlnjr. Girls should be taught business alt girls. "By business' we'ilo not necessarily mean the mechanism of banking or the causes of stocksfluctuatlons or foreign ex- changes, orthe raodugBom transportation and marketing of 'prpducts. Everything nowadays ha"s in It tne. element or dusi ness. The business training most needed by girls is of a more fundamental char acter training in '-promptness and order, In making TCcelpts -and expenses, harmon ize, in antlclpatlnBUflnajidai contingencies. In ordinary Jni&rc-f3&fStoms and usages, in the commoni,'f6rjnutles of law and in carrying a purse. Much of this cannot be taught "by lec tures. Lectures, as a rule, only aggravate, the conditions. So long as society orders that the purse shall be carried in the lert hand with palm upward, thumb on clasp and elbow gracefully curved at an angle of 100 degrees, leaving the right hand wholly free jto attpnd to the various other duties for which two hands were origi nally ordained, just so long will trolley, .railway and other public information bu reaus be required to keep fully equipped lost and found departments for the return of purses.. Girls ought xo know how to write a re ceipt, bow to make out a check, the word ing of a promissory note and its legal sig nificance and such other business forms as are of every-day use. These things may Jiot have In them the samo element of culture that is to be found in Dante's "Divine Comedy" or in Browning's "Dra matic Idylls," and their study is Jn no danger whatever of becoming a fad. but an intelligent grasp of these business af fairs will give girls a sef-confldence whicn may help them over many discouraging and embarrassing situations. The Vsc of Time. The table of time for girls s the sam? as it Is for boys. It has 60 minutes to the hour, and CO minutes without somothine accomplished is an hour lost. Gladstone Is reported to have said "that thrift of time will repay you in after life with a usury of profits beyond your most san guine dreams, and that the waste of it will make you dwindle, alike In Intellectual and in moral stature, beyond your darkest reckonings." Habits of indoltfiee. list- lessness and procrastination, once firmly fixed, cannot be suddenly thrown off. The women who are the most active in church and other charities and in all affairs con cerning the best good of the community ate. as1 a" general rule, the best house and home-keepers. Idleness and Indiffer ence "never1 count unless In a negative sense. Give -a. business girl a moment in which to write a letter and she will dash it off at once and say the right thing In the most pungent way; give a leisurely, Idle girl a day to do the same and the chances are that she will put it off until next week. There are a momentum ana a buoyancy in active life which carry I everything before them and make for j success. There Is no excuse for idleness. There are always a hundred and one things undone In even the best-rcgulateo. homes. The Use o Money. Girls who are not earning salary or wages in outside employment should have a definite "weekly or monthly allowance. It is taken for granted, of course, that they earn this at home. Idleness shoula never be rewarded or paid for by the month. In matters of this kind girls and boys should be on precisely the same foot- SHOP AND TRADE JCopyright. 1S99. ,u-xiux ,tuj ..ic iTi!rra TV. EASY MECHAXICAL DRAWING. Note This course, confined as It will be to sir lessons, cannot do more than present the funda mental principles of "flat" drawing:, and help ..JiggjBSSf3 to become accustomed to the use of the ordinary drawing Instruments. Even the merest rudiments should be of large service to young men engaged in the mechanical trades where working drawings are constantly needed. Lesson A'o. 1. Students should provide themselves with a good ruling pen, good pencils, a com pass for making ink lines, and a good fiat ruler. A T square, triangles, dividers, a drawing board, thumb tacks, etc., will not be necessary for these simple lessons. All complex drawings should be made In pencil "before inking. The pencil lines should be made fine and light with a hard pencil, so as to be easily erased or inked over. To erase strong pencil marks re quires hard rubbing, which destroys the surfacejjf the paper. All pencllings should "be done carefully to avoid confusion ln inldngVf The corripass should have "both pen and pettdllauiachments. 'The legs should be bent at the joints until the lower extrem ities are parallel or nearly so. The weight of the compass is sufficient to cause the ink to flow freely. The drawing pen is filled by dropping the ink between the nibs while held In a nearly vertical position. The pen can be used with a straight-edge ruler; the ta per to the point Is sufficient to throw it far enough away frcm the edge to pre vent blotting. The breadth of the line Is regulated by adjusting the screw. If the pen Is not in use, even for a short time, "be sure to take out the Ink with a blot ter and dry the pen thoroughly. The nibs should be kept perfectly bright and clean. The liquid India Ink which comes In bot tles Is now generally used. The exercises in this lesson are intend ed to afford practice in the use of the drawing pen. Figure 1 shows the method of holding the pen. The pen Is held be- tween the thumb and two forefingers, and carried along the ruler from left to 5f Z paral-' Jel to the direction- of the line; otherwise the pen will either be running on the edge of one lade only, or ln such a position that r'oe Ink cannot flow freely from its points; k The result in either case will bo a broken or ragged 'line; Figure 2 shows SSS. KSSS-- EX.S I parallel lines .pi differing strength or "by Seymour-Eaton.) D1RECTED,BY PROF. SEYMOUR EATON Ing. To work hard, 'to Improve every mo ment, to economize, to avoid debt these are the only cure steps to a comfortable j th t th 11nwnTirA nnni, thr w own- that they "have earned It, and that in spending jt they are spending the returns for their own labors. To get $10. from i "papa" to buy him a Christmas present 1 -s not an evidence of sympathy between capital and labor. The Great Teacher I taught the needful lesson of economy by asking that the fragments of loaves and j fishes be gathered that nothing be lost. There are thousands of homes In which this samo lesson might be repeated dally. A Boole of Accounts. Girls will find It to their advantage to keep personal accounts; a careful record of their receipts and expenses. This may be done in a very simple way and with out any attempt at bookkeeping, as this subject Is ordinarily understood. It Is in teresting to know at the end of the year the total money spent for hats or gowns or on the summer vacation and to balance these items up against tho money spent for charity or the sum contributed to the fresh-air fund or the items for Christmas gifts. This does not mean that one's life is to be measured by a dollar-and-cent rule. It may dull one's sentiment to par cel out a 510 bill Into shoes and ribbons and poor fund and Christmas gift. At tho same time the business method is the only,, safe roethpd; It i3f the only method which will keep girls 'from a,' constant condition of insolvency; it Is very poor sentiment which borrows a dollar to givo It to charity: It is not necessary to say how this book of accounts should bo kept No two girls could possibly keep such records In the samo way. . How ia Write a Receipt. A receipt is the written acknowledgment of money or other value received. It should state for what the value was re ceived, whether on account." or in full of account, or for some particular purpose. All receipts should bo dated, and the sig nature should l-e authoritative. If, for : Received from Mrs Helen Brown the : : sum of ten collars 'S10) on Recount. : II. J. ANDERSON. : : Dec. 7, ISM. : Instance, you owe "Walter "W. Smith & Cp. " "" . " "" "r cierK. jienry ' Ad,am V cvIeVm ' y.? 5h . re quire that the bill be receipted in some such form as this. You must satisfy your- : Repptved payment. : : WALTER W. SMITH & CO. : per Henry Adams. : self that Henry Adams is In the employ of Walter W. Smith & Co., or that he has been authorized by them to collect the bill. In no case should money Be paid to entire strangers without some as surance of their business connection. When money Is paid on an account It is taken as evidence the account Is considered correct. If an error or an overcharge 13 discovered ln a MI lt should he returned for correc tion oeiore any payment is made. A re- CelDt In fill! nf oil rIprrmf?o a ovUon.n ! of a compromise and mutual settlement of all claims between the parties. All re ceipts and receipted bills should be care fully preserved, not forever, of course, but for a year or two. Do not trust too much to memory in matters ln which money ln concerned. Give receipts and require them and enter the records in your own private account book. Note. These studies will be continued .next week. STUDIES FOR BOYS by Seymour Eaton.) j ter the lines need not be penciled first, ' exceDt the orieinal rprtnTp"e Plgure 3 gives practice in drawing dot- ted lines. Such lines are necessary In all kinds of working drawings. The more important ones should be first drawn with pencil. Figure. 4 gives an illustration of crossed lines. The student must be careful in crossing lines, that the first lines are per- 0 ' IlpEil illllllllllllll ItttH fectly dry before the crossing lines are drawn. It Is well to try your pen upon a separate piece of paper before applying it to the drawing! The exercises which -oJlpw ,wlll afford excellent practice In ti.rei.ui measurements ana in tne use or the drawing pen: Exercises. 1. Draw a square each edge of which is V& Inches. Note To draw a square It is necessary to have what draughtsmen call a triangle. This Is simply a ruler of the shape shown in the next drawing. 2. Draw a triangle similar to the iiihr. t'rttf-trkrt Vt -t ... xl i . - rf so ast'o shade uT ",l f possible. 3. Make a rectangle 3 Inches by 2 inches and lay It off ln half-inch squares. Shade three of the squares by parallel lines and two of them entirely black. 4. Make a sketch man nf n nTO0v.. SS S 35KS i TTsS very light lines into square v . ..... ,. .' j . . . . ... j . . 'y -'.-y miles. Show a railway by a dotted line, and shade a portion representing five sections. & t 5. Make a copy of this drawing on a scale four times as large. Note A second lesson in drawing will be presented next week. "REACHING THE MASSES." Remarks on the Preachins Supposed to Reach and Hold Them. PORTLAND, Jan. 2. (To the Editor,) When Tho Oregonian publishes an edi torial of nearly a column's length, we may be sure that tho matter discussed Is a vital question concerning tho life of the people. And when it bases the presenta tion on the fact that a "discussion is raging in the newspapers throughout the country," we may be satisfied that the question Is of supremo importance. In stead of attempting to answer the state ments of the editorial there arc no argu ments we shall do well to give attention to the underlying Implication. I should re gret exceedingly if I had mistaken the in ference which will be drawn from this editorial, which seems to me to be that the churches are losing their influence over the masses, therefore tho doctrines which are preached are unworthy of be lief, and a "new evangel" will proceed on the lines of a "code of conduct" in stead of a "dogmatic system of belief." Now this is a living Issue, and it demands the earnest attention of every man who desires tho good of his fellow-men. Let me confess that I believe most heartily in a code of conduct, that I am in debt to the older systems of theological thought, with moot of which I do not agree, and that I honor the brainy men who through' honesty and sincerity made all that is gpod in modern thought either possible or actual. But when one approaches this question, which has been discussed for many years in both the religious and secular press, he is halted before stern facts If he has eyes to see them. Take the city of Portland as an ex- ampie. wnere do you find crowded houses on a Sunday night? Without any inten- tlonal slur. Including my own church in the list, we shall be compelled to say Cordray's theater, a church where a series of stereoptlcon lectures are being given, a church where a man prparhes on love, marriage, the working young man, and the like, and a church where a refined musical concert Is rendered. Does the presence of a crowd in any one of these places bear witness to the truth of the doctrine which Is being preached? If one should take the individual In theso audi ences, it would be discovered that they hardly knew one doctrine from another, certainly not enough to revolt from them. A farmer was once asked by his minister if he knew what predestination meant. "Yes, sir; some'at about tho Innards of a pig," was the ready reply. If .we appeal to history we find that the Hebrew proph ets were told to preach to the people, whether they would hear of forbear, and the crowds swarmed the false prophets who were speaking smooth things to itching ears. The sequel proved that the lonely man was in the right. In the Mid dle Ages the same experience was re peated. Dante had no audience and no support, and yet he was the greatest man of his age, and hel(J eternal truth in his grasp. Savonarola for a time had the ears of the people, but they fell away and he walked alone to the stake. This Is not an argument that because a man is alone he Is in the right, or because he has small audiences he Is preaching the truth. The argument is worthless either way, because popular judgment is .based on neither knowledge, intelligent choice nor conviction, and church-going in this coun try is coming, more and more, to be a matter of habit, fashion and convenience. Tou will pardon me if I express a quiet amusement at the suggestion that the "new evangel" which emphasizes a code of conduct will reach and hold the masses. It Is an undeniable fact that for fully a generation, and ln some quarters for more than two generations, the great majority of Christian churches have been preaching this "new evangelism," largely ' Ignoring a doctrinal system and pressing home mat ters of conduct and practical ethics. This discussion In the papers has sprung up within the last five years or so, and they are giving us the results of this kind of preaching. And all this time the church which has made the largest growth during these last years is the most dogmatic of any that I know. It has always been so. Of the sects of Christianity which have de nied this "Infernal supernaturalism" a phrase, by the way, that reminds one of the"1 accusation against Jesus, he casteth out devils by the prince of devils relying on a code of conduct based on the ex ample of Jesus, with one exception, Arlan 5sm, we would be glad to know of one which has laid hold of the masses and in the case mentioned, why did it not keep its hold after It had so firmly fixed Itself? Of course, politics had something to do with it, and prejudice had more, but time ought to have righted these, and with th!s phase of endeavor always with us, why have not the crowds rushed Into this fold? More than this: At a critical moment In the religious history of this country the terms "evangelical" and "liberal" were coined. In 1S01 it was said that "all the young men of talent ln Harvard" were of the liberal party. When the time for ac tion came in 1819, this liberal code of con duct party had the prestige of wealth, the most influential pulpits, the control of the oldest and greatest school. The ono conspicuous thing about this party is the fact that it has not laid hold of the masses of the people. The liberal church Is one of tjie smallest In the country today; the liberal wing Is in the minority wlthlii the evangelical churches; the men who deny tho historicity of the events which, are mentioned as legends in the closing para graph of the editorial are as scarce, within the liberal wing as roses in an Oregon garden in December. For once, at least, the newspapers arc wrong. Popular sup port of a church Is no proof that the church is preaching the truth. Lack of popular support Is no evidence that the doctrines should be changed or a "new evangel" sought. It is not a minister's business to get a crowd, It Is his supreme responsibility to preach the truth as he knows It. ARTHUR W. ACKERMAN, Pastor, First -Congregational Church. a B No Jolce to Them. PORTLAND, Dec. 31. (To the Editor.) Tour article In Saturday's Oregonian, headed, "Our Products at Paris,' pokes fun at the quality of the cigars made from pine needles, and cautions the public against their use. Now, I feel sorry, in deed, that you saw fit to deride our prod uct, simply because a certain party got hold of some poorly made -cigars and these as a present which, as you say, flaTed up like a flashlight, etc. The cigars we heretofore had made gave great and general satisfaction, and people af flicted with asthma considered them a sure remedy. While here in Portland, our supply gave out, and as we wanted to Include the cigars ln our Paris exhibit, a local maker was entrusted with the manu facture of a quantity. He, heing unac customed to the work, did "not properly stuff them, hence your 'sarcastic remarks. Is Is not of questionable utility to dispar age a new ana growing Industry? D. A. CORDS. OREGON PRUNE INDUSTRY i WHY MANY ORCHARDS HAVE PROVED UNPRODUCTIVE. rif 1 Trees -J' Should Not Be Planted ia Shallow Soils Cost of Pro duction. The shipment of 500 cars of dried prunes from Western Oregon during the season of 1S93 settled the question as to Oregon's future ln the production of prunes. Western Oregon Is, beyond all doubt, an excellent prune-growing section, and the industry is sure to Increase for many years to come. The various productions of the world are rapidly concentrating Into localities where the soil and climatic conditions are especially favorable for their most eco nomic production; In fact, the most im portant problem of horticulture Is the se lection of soil and climate particularly adapted to the fruit In hand. This fact is becoming so apparent that soil physics and chemistry are necessary sciences ln all departments of agriculture, and much better opportunities are open "for young men lp these line? than in law or medi cine. There is, perhaps, no greater waste of effort In all the industries of Oregon than In horticulture. The state Is covered from one end to the other with fruit trees of many kinds that will, never produce fruit t a profit. I feel perfectly safe In say ing that not one- tree In ten that has been planted In Oregon during the post 12 years will ever produce fruit at a profit. and I am convinced that no other line of production will show nine-tenths of waste. Small and large monuments of Ig norance and folly can be found in the scrawny, scabby and scrubby trees In evi dence all over the state; and this same wastefulness still goes on. A good year, with good prices for apples, starts apple tree planting on all classes and conditions of soil, and powder and dynamite are used to blow holes In uncongenial soils, where the tree is planted to become a source of disease, and finally wind up a failure. Prune trees by the thousand have been planted where their roots were covered with water for several months in the year, and as they grew sickly the owner would begin a scientific hunt for the difficulty in some-insect or fungus that 'would appear active on the tree because the tree was weak on account of im proper soil conditions. Again, thousands of trees are found planted upon soil too shallow to maintain a tree 10 years old and mature a crop of fruit. In other places trees are planted on soil so de ficient In lime and potash as to preclude I the possibility of growing a successful orchard Do Not Plant In Shallow Soils. The one great mistake- made In the planting or orchards lies In planting on shallow soils. An equally great failure Is made by planting on soils where the physical conditions prevent the roots from penetrating to any great depths. A chemical analysis may show an abun dance of potash, nitrogen and phosphoric acid In the soil even to a great depth, but some clay strata, water level or Impervious condition may prevent the roots of the trees from securing the "necessary food elements. It usually requires from six to eight years to bring a prune tree into good bearing, and, ln many cases where the roots have only shallow soils from which to gather food, they will have the avail able food consumed shortly after com ing 'intd hearing, and the fruit production begins to fall. The orchardist, after spending years of care, toil and expense, struggles then to overcome Inevitable re sults, and finally gives up the task and pronounces nrune-growlng a failure, while tho true cause of his failure was his primary mistake of selecting Improper soil or bad physical soil conditions. , Tho greatest prune-gfdwlhg section of the world, the Santa Clara district in California, where trees grow to great size, and at 30 years of age continue to pro duce excellent fruit at a fair profit, has such depths of soil that the roots of the trees continue to Increase In depth and find available elements for tree and fruit many f,eet belc-wthe surface. It is this great depth of soil and available ele ments of food that gives the value of $700 and more per acre to the best prune orchards of Santa Clara valley. A 10 foot auger should be used in boring the soil to determine the conditions before planting an orchard. Many of our inferior orchards were planted in Oregon at a time when prunes were bringing 10 and 12 cents per pound, and men -were led to believe that the world would take all the Drunes that Oregon could ever produce at these prices. Hundreds of these orchards that have been profitable at high prices are failing, because the available soil has been exhausted, and the fruit, has be come inferior, the price haB been com ing down, and we are having the cry of overproduction and that prune-growlng Is a failure In Oregon. Prune-growlng is not a failure in Ore gon, and, in my opinion, never will be, although prunegrowcrs are failing and will continue to fall by the hundreds for years to come. Hundreds of men have failed in the sawmill business in Oregon, and hundreds more will fail in the future, but lumbering in Oregon is not a failure. Why will prune-growlng continue to be a success in Oregon? FlrsfithV consump tion of Oregon prunes is Increasing at a rapid rate. Its food value, at the cost It can be given to the consumer, is such as to fix it permanently in the diet of the great mass of the American people. I do not hesitate to make tho statement that there is no fruit of eaual food value with the Oregon prune that can be pro duced at as low a cost. If this proposi tion Is truo. Its futtwo Is assured. Cost of Production. Many orchardlsts are finding it unprof itable to produce prunes at 5 cents per pound, and are failures on that account. The Italian prune, the principal prune of Oregon, Is grown In large quantities throughout the Willamette and Umpqua valleys, and to a limited extent in Rogue river valley. Mairion county produced more than any other county in 1S9S. This prune can be grown successfully in al most every section of Western Oregon. In tho Willamette valley the cold, wet springs sometimes Interfere with the forming of the fruit, and sometimes cause a failure of the crop. The Umpqua valley so far has proved to be the sec tion where the crop Is the most regular. although many of the orchards in that valley failed in 1S99. The warmer climate of Rogue river makes it a less desirable locality for the production of the Italian prune than the TJmpqua, or Willamette valleys. The Italian prune seems to require the cool and moist climate such as prevails ln the valleys of Western Oregon during the summer, in order to reach perfection. In theso localities, where planted on deep, well-drained soil, the trees thrive well, and the production of fruit is enormous. The prune best adapted to the Rogue river valley Is the French prune. The warmer climate of this valley brings this fruit to a higher state of perfection than the cooler and more moist conditions ex isting farther north. Bnnls of Successful Prnne Cnltnre. The permanent cost of production of first-class fruit is the economic basis of successful prune-growlng. If the Italian prune is required in large quantities to meet the food demand of the people of the United States, and can be produced Industry will thrive under skillful direc tion. The present value of the choice prune land in Oregon (ready for planting is about $50 per acre-, the cost of trees and caring for orchard for seven years will add about $75 per acre, so that a choice prune orchard at eight years, the beginning of good hearing, will be about $125 per acre. I An 8-yeajr-old tree should nroduee ai J least SO pounds of dried product, that I should bring 3 cents per pound. Tha cost of gathering and drying prunes In Tulare county, California, where the total product brings the growers nearly $300,000 per year, averages between $15 and $Ti per ton. The cost ln the Santa Clara valley is given at $12 to 515 per ton. It has generally been conceded that the cost of evaporating In Oregon was much ln excess of this; but careful accounts, by competent men, show that tho cost will vary from one-half to three-quarters of a cent per pound. This makes the ex pense no greater than in California. The cost of production, then, and pre paring for market will range firom 1 cent to 1 cents per pound. Thirty pounds of dried prunes, at a profit of 1 cents per pound, would give 45 cents per tree profit, and with CO trees to the acre, this would give an average profit of $40 per acre. A prune orchard that will not, on an average, bring these results, has either ln Its inception or management improp er conditions. In order to maintain a successful and substantial condition of the Industry, the grower must, through organizations for marketing, seek ''to give his product to the consumer at the lowest cost of mar keting. It must become his duty now to find the cheapest and best method of marketing his fruit. The present method of marketing is awkward and expensive, and the great task now for the fruit men pf Oregon is to develop associations for jnarke,ting their, fruit. II. B. .MILLER. Piesldent State Board of Horticulture. Eugene, Or. GAGE AND HIS CRITICS. Epitome of a Controversy That AsritntiiiHT Financial Circles. Is Section 5153 of the Revised Statutes of tho United States provides that "all na tional banking associations designated for that purpose by the secretary of the treas ury shall be depositories of public money, except receipts from the customs, under such regulations as may be prescribed by the secretary." It also provides that the secretary "shall require the associations thus designated to give satisfactory se curity by the deposit of United States bonds and otherwise for the safe keeping and prompt payment of the public money deposited with them." This Is the lav, and has been the law for many years. It was the lav when Secretary Gage lssuea through the Associated Press to the na tional banking associations throughout the country a notice that national banks de positing United States bonds for security could have the privilege of securing the deposit of United States receipts from Internal revenue to an equal amount. The day after the Issuance of this notice, Sec retary Gage was Informed by a telegram from Assistant Treasurer Jordan at New York that the National City bank of that city had offered to deposit $4,000,000 in gov ernment bonds to secure internal revenue receipts for an equal amount. The inter nal Tevenue receipts of the government amount to about $1,000,000 a day. Numer ous national banks ln other parts of the country offered to deposit bonds as secu rity for revenue receipts, but with the excention noted above the offers were for comparatively small amounts. The sec retary selected, the National City. bank of New York as the, general depository of revenue receipts from collectors in differ ent parts of the country, directing it to retain its pro rata of the receints on de posit until called for, and to distribute the remainder, pro rata, to the other des ignated depositories. A mistaken notion of the transaction, having Its origin in New York yellow journalistic circles, has aroused a storm of crjtiplsm, which, however, appears to oe directed not so much against what the secretary has done as against what he is" erroneously supposed to , have done. A Washington correspondent of the Chicago Tribune, which Itself has been one of the secretary's sharpest critics, asked him: "How does it come that the National City bank of New York has been selected as the general depository of receipts from collectors in tutrerent parts or tne country .' -Why could not deposits haye been made m different cities and then distributed to those banks which deposited bonds?" The secretary made the following clear and reasonable explanation: "The whole thing resolved Itself down to a question of security for the government. There are about 50 places where revenue receipts are collected. - fIf; th.ese receipts were deposited In fddal banks 'they woul.d have 'to put up bonds sufficient to secure them, and we would h,ave to write 50 let ters every day directing these banks where to send the funds. It became absolutely necessary to have some central bank to which all collectors could send their re ceipts dally, and then we could direct that one bank to distribute the funds among the other institutions. Under normal con ditions I should have preferred to have tne central depository at Chicago, because that is the center of tho Internal revenue receipts. Unfortunately, however, under my published offer, the largest amount of bonds deposited by any one bank ln Chi cago was only $300,000. It would be Impos sible, of course, to centralize receipts to the amount of $1,000,000 a day in a banK which deposited bonds sufficient to cover those receipts for only a third of a day, whereas, ln fact, It would necessarily have to hold several days' accumulations. We were forced, therefore, to turn to the Na tional City bank of Now York, which had made a deposit of $4,000,000 in bonds, or about enough to cover four days' receipts. The officers of that bank did not ask for this privilege. In fact, they objected to it strongly, and said they offered their bonds for the purpose of securing deposits, and not merely to receive money to be sent out Immediately to other banks. We prac tically forced them to accept this buraen, and without cost to the government or to other banks. Under the usual system tho collectors deposit in a local bank, which in turn sends the funds to any subtreas ury. Under the system just adopted they send it to ono bank in New York, because, as I have explained, if the money Is once turned Into the subtreasury, under the law. It cannot subsequently be distributed among the banks." The secretary went on to explain that there will bo absolutely no discrimination between tho banks which have depositee: bonds: "During the first week after my orig inal notice, offers of bonds amounting to about $17,000,000 wero received. They came from 66 banks, representing 15 different states. Some of these banks were alreaay depositories and merely Increased their line, while others were entirely new. All banks which offered bonds during the first week will roceivo deposits to the full amount of their proposal. The City Na tional bank gets Its percentage of 54,000,003 regularly and no more. The other banks in New York put up $7,000,000 In bonds ana thoy also get their percentage. The banks In Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis and other cities which put up bonds will receive deposits every day or two until the full amount of heir proposals is cov ered. The same process will be applied to banks responding this week. The only limitation Is that banks which accepted the offer last week will all be supplied be fore those of this week are attended to. My original Intention was to deposit alto gether about $30,000,000. It might run up to $40,000,000, dependent upon the state of the market and the condition of the treas ury. If the first figure Is adopted, banks depositing bonds this week will be able to secure $13,000,000, and If the $40,000,000 limit is reached the additional figure will be $23,000,000. If more bonds are offered than there Is money, banks will share and share alike, but, so far a3 those who offerpd last week are concerned, every one will receive the full amount, and there was no reason why any bank In Chicago or St. Louis should not have deposited $10, 000,000 In bonds if It had them to spare for this purpose. They had the same oppor tunities as the institutions ln New York or Boston." The effect of what the secretary has done is to add to the money in circula tion $1,Q00,000 a day, which would otherwise be locked up in the subtreasurles. He seems to have accomplished this by the only practical and safe means permitted by law. The law does not allow money once received into a subtreasury o be lent to banks. It can then be drawn out only by a warrant for a government ex penditure. The City National bank of New York has no control over any part of the internal revenue funds which It receives except its own pro rata. It does not make the- distribution, that being directed sole ly by the treasury department ln Wash ington. All that It receives above its pro rata Is sent to the other banks which have deposited bonds and have been deslgnatea as depositories. There will be no such con gestion of Internal revenue money at New York as the secretary's hasty critics have assumed. The" secretary has proceeded strictly according to law In order to meet an emergency which threatened serious consequences not only to speculators on the New York exchanges, but to oher and widely distributed Interests which would inevitably have suffered had not the panic on the exchanges been stayed. HBP DR. ELLIOTT C0TJES. Some Account of a Man Who Did Much for the Hlstorx of Oregon. Many Eastern journals have biographical notices of Dr. Elliott Coues, who died at Baltimore on Tuesday of last week. Dr. Coues was known to the Pacific Northw est chiefly through his annotated editions of the journals of Lewis and Clark, and of other Western and Northwestern explor ers. But It was as a specialist ln particu lar branches of science that he was most widely known. It is said that he was the foremost authority in the world on the sub ject of ornithology. We quote from the Chicago Tribune: His ork. "Field Ornithology," is an accept ed textbook wherever the study of the feath ered" creatures 13 pursued. The "Bibliography of Ornithology," an ambitious and exhaustive work, contains a fund of Information which was collected at the expense of much time and great labor. Always a proline writer upon any theme ln which he found Interest, Professor Coues, turning his attention to mammals, wrote books upon the fur-bearing animate; collecting all the material himself by actie work In the haunts of the creatures he described. He gained his Information ilrst hand from nature Itself. His trips Into new fields of research were many and constant, exceptional advantages being given him for the discovery and the study of new epecles by his connection with the Smithsonian Institution and the geological and gaographical survej s. Dr. Coues made one visit to Oregon, sev eral years ago. His annotations on the journals of Lewis and Clark and of Alex ander Henry are excellent and valuable contributions to the history of Oregon, and of the Northwest. The Iowa State Regis ter publishes a biographical sketch of Dr. Coues, from -which we take the following": "Was born at Portsmouth, N. H., September 9, 1S42; entered the United States army as a medical cadet ln 1S62. and wao promoted to assistant surgeon in 1S54. He remained in the regular army until ISSrt, when he resigned, re tiring with the rank of captain. He was one of the meat learned zoologists and comparatle anatomists of his tme, and was constantly em ployed In the performance of scientific work for the geological and geographical surveys of the territories up to 1SSG. He also lectured In the medical departments of several colleges. He prepared the natural history definltloco for the Century Dictionary, a great work which em ployed his time for seven years. After his re tirement from the army he was constantly em ployed In literary work for various publishers. He had edited Important editions of the travels of Lewis and Clark, Pike and several other great "Western explorers. In editing the works of Lewis and Clark and Pike he wa3 led to consult many Iowa publications, as well as to travel over the country through which these ex peditions passed. Curator Aldrich, of the Iowa state historical department, says that he once heard Dr. Cdueo say that he could locate every camp made by Lewis and Clark on the Mis souri. The editions of these works contain a vast amount of note3 by Dr. Couea relating to the early history and natural history of the "West. 4 O t An Inquiry. PORTLAND, Jan. 2. (To the Editor.) What does .your correspondent, "J. H. M.," In your Sunday Issue, mean by the phrase that "millions of Amer cans will remem ber William McKinley"? What connec tion Is there between McKinley and the Boer war? And If there was any such connection, does it become such men as your correspondent to advocate bolting? Is this the diminutive Moses who labored so valiantly during the last election to lead his compatriots out of the wilder ness? Is this the perfervid gentleman who was wont to burst Into the free-silver headquarters at Fourth and Washington streets at that time and fiercely declaim that he would rather vote for a yellow dog than for the apostle of rotten money and social disorder? Is this the same in dividual who with historical accuracy used to detail what the republican party had done for the laboring man and point with pride to the Illustrious Blaine as the personification of republicanism ln Brand ing by Pat Egan? Is It the same gentle man who so abhors bolting that, although himself a believer of the Hoar doctrine ln the Philippines, he has stated from a platform at a social gatnerlng In this city that the republican party could be trusted to do substantial justice to the Filipinos, even though the admln.stratlon did err, because the republican party never sacri ficed principle for mankind? Is this the same J. H. M. who so often declared that reform must come from within a party and not from bolters outside? Is this the same writer who ln glowing terms descanted on the glorious victory of the party In Oregon in a Bos ton paper a few years ago, and. incidentally eulogized the chief re publican paper of this state? All of which goes to how how easy it is to rattle an Irishman by lauding an Englishman, and how easy it is to start the Erln-go- braghs war-cry, "Hurro bhoys, line up and crack every head in sight." C. E. KINDT. 4 o The Unchangeable English Officers. Carlyle's Frederick the Great, Book XIV, Chap ter V. No fear in him, and no plan, sans peur et sans avis, as we might term it. Like a real Hanoverian sovereign of England, like England Itself and its way in those German wars. A typical epitome of long sections of English history, that attitude of lunge! The English officers also, it Is evident, behaved In their usual way, with out knowledge of war, without fear of death, or regard to utmost peril or diffi culty; cheering their men, and keeping them steady upon tho throats of the French. One More Unfortnnate. Cle Elum Wash Jan 1th 1300 Mr Editor sir I beg to ask you to answer a question for me In this weak's Paper and mark It Iff you Please th.3 quest en Is this .when does the 19 Sentry comence thare has bin a grat argument on thl3 Subject some claim It dont begen till l.l Oblige yours truley BUEL CRONE. !XtasTREATH IN TABLET FORM-PLEASANT TO TAKE. WorltB marvels ln tho human body. Combats disease In every form and chases It away. Cures have been effected that border on Impossibilities and sound Uko a dream. If you havonot the prico of atroatment iwuiKiveyouarnai iree oi cost, rio one can claim that I lorsooK him in tne hour nf dlnti-nan. i Foarmonth3' treatment of Vegetable Compound cured mo of Ehenmatlsm, i Catarrh, Stomach Troubles and Female i weaxneasoieightyears stanoing. Ida Gorman. JOflUlUI Ok UUUUiittU, WlUUkp'' For sale by all druiurisfci. Thirty days treatment for 25c. ; Seventy days' treatment 80c; Six months' treatment, $1.00. dav trial treatment tne BS.W. S.BITBKnABT, Cincinnati, Q. &aMPBUNB. J5wvw$ KfwywS&ittf ffjf THE PALATIAL Not a darZz office la the "bnllillnsi absolutely fireproof; electric llsrhta and artesian water; perfect sanita tion and thorough ventilation. Ele vators run day and nlffhtt AERAMS, "W. R.. Cashier Mutuat Lira 400 ANDERSON. GU3TAV. Attorney-at-LaW....ai2 ASSOCIATED PRESS; E. L. Powell, ilgl ...Sod BANKERS LIFE ASSOCIATION, of Des Moines, la.: C. A. AlcCargar. State Agent..502-3 BEHNKE. H. "W, Pxln. Ternla Shorthand School ..... ........ ............-m BENJA1HN. R. w.. DenUat 314 DtNSWANGER. DR. O. S.. PhjJ. & Sur..U-4Jj BRUERE. DR. G. E., Physician 412-413-tU BU3TEED. RICHARD. Plug Tobacco.,.. 802 b03 CAUKIN. G. E.. District Agent Travelers Insurance Co..... ................ 713 CARDWELL. DR. J. B... ''.'.. 71' 7" 300 CL.VRK. HAROLD. Dentist 3U CLEH, E. A. & CO.. Mining Propertles...013-3ia COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPANT 6H-603-eOU-60T-013-6MC3 CORNELIUS. C. "W.. Fhys. and Surgeon Sua COVER. F. C. Cashier Equitable Life 300 COLLIER. Iv F.. Publisher; S. P. McOulre. Manager 413-413 DAY. J. G & J. N , 313 DAVIS, NAPOLEON, President Columbia Telephone Co. ........ ...CO? DICKSON, DR. J. F.. Physician 7t-7U DRAKE. DR. H. B. Physician 312-013-3H EDITORIAL ROOMS. Eighth floor EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. L. Samuel. Manager; F. C Cover. Cashier 3C8 EVENING TELEGRAM 323 Alder street FALLOWS. MRS. M. A.. Mahager Women's Dept. Mutual Reserve Fund Life, o New T"k 605 FENTON. J. D., Physician and Surgeon..3Co-3I0 FENTON. DR. HTCKS C. Eye and Ear .511 rENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist ...30 FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASS'N; E. C. Stark, Manager ........ 301 FOREST. MRS. E. R.. Purchasing Affent."."'7i; FRENCH SCHOOL (by conversation); Dr. A. Muzxarelll, Manager ..... .700 GALVANI. W. H.. Engineer and Draughts- tnaa .... 600 OEARY. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and Surgeon -.................. "l-Zll GIESY. A. J., Physician and Surgeon... 700 71u GODDARD. E. C. & CO., Footwear, ground fl00r 20 Sixth scree- GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Manager Manhattan Life Insurance Co., of New York....... 200 21 Grt.M FR VNK S.. Attorney-at-Law. . 6.7 GRENIER. MISS BEATRICE, Dentist . '"' HAMMOND. A. B """1 HEIDLN'GER. GEO. A. & Co"."pia"ToV "ani" Organs i31 3ixta St HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phys. & Surg . 301 3 . IDLEMAN. C. M., Attorney-at-Law.. 418-17 i KADY. MARK T.. Manager Pacific North- tvest Mutual Reserve Fund Life Asm... 804-60 LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co ..CO" LITTLEFIELD, H. R.. Phys. and Surceon .205 MACRUM, W. S.. Sec. Oregon Camera Club..2H MACKAY, DR. A. E.. Phys. and Surg....711-7U MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. &. Su rtr... 701-2-., McCARGAR. C. A.. Statu Agent Bankers Life Association .......................302-301 McCOY, NEWTON, Attorney-at-Law ....713 JtcFADEN. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer 20 McGINN. HENRY L. Attorney-at-Law..3H 3U McKELL, T. J.. Manufacturers Representa tive Ml MILLER COLLECTION AGENCY 302 MILLER, DR. HERBERT C. Dentist and Oral Surgeon COS-GOO MOBSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentist.. 012-513 314 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO., of New-York; W. Goldman. Manager. 200-210 McELROY. DR. J. G . Phys. & Surg.701-702-70J McFARLAND, E. B... Secretary Columbia Telephone Co.... ........... ..... ....600 McGUHtE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier. Publisher ........................ ...413-4X8 McKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law BOu MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New York; Wm. S. Pond. State Mgr..... 404-403-100 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N, M. T. Kady. Mgr. Pacific Northwest 604-603 NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law..71j NIXES. M. L.. Cashier Manhattan Lifo In surance Co.. of New York-.. ...... ......... .200 OREGON" INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY. Dr. L. B. Smith. Osteopath... ....... .403-409 OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-213-216-217 PERNIN SHORTHAND SCHOOL; H. W. Behnke. Prln ............ ....211 POND. WM. S. State Manager Mutuat Life Ins. Co. of New York 404-103-400 Portland eye and ear infirmary.. ....Ground floor. 133 Sixth streat PORTLAND PRESS CLUB 719 PROTZMAN" EUGENE C. Superintendent Agencies Mutual Reserve Fund Lite, of New York ..................................604 PUTNAM'S SONS. G. P.. Publishers ."313 QUIMBY, L. P. W.. Game and Forestry Warden .............716-717 REED & MALCOLM. Opticians.. 133 Sixth street REED, F. C, Fish Commisgloner...........407 SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Lifo .3011 SANDFORD. A. C. Sz CO.. Publishers Agts..3I3 SCRIBNER'S SONS, CHAS.. Publishers; Jesse Hobson. Manager.... ...015-316-317 HERWOOD, J. W.. Deputy Supremo Com mander. K. O. T. MT. 517 SMITH. DR. L B., Osteopath 408-400 SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION..500 STARK. E. C.. Executive Special. Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Phlla.. Pa 301 STARR & COLE. Pyrography 403 STUART. DELL. Attorney-at-Law.. .613-616-617 STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E., Dentist 704-703 STRONG. F. H. & G. M.. General Agents Union Central Life In3. Co... 402-403 SURGFON OF THE 3. P. RY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO...... .708 STROWBRIDGE. THOS. H.. Exesutlvo Spe cial Agent Mutual Life, of New York. .....408 SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE 20l TUCKER. DR. GEO F.. Dentist 010-611 UNION CENTRAL LIFE INS. CO.; F. H. G. M. Strong Agents ..402-403 U. S. WEATHER BUREAU.... 806-907-903-000 U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST., Captain W. C Langntt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A........... .....809 U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE, RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A.... 810 WALKER. WILL H.. President Oregon, Camera Club . 214-215-216-21T WEATHERRED. MRS. EDYTH. Grand Sec retary Native Daughters 716-71T WHITE. MISS L. E.. Ass't Sec Oregon Cam era Club 214 WILSON. DR. EDWARD N.. Phys. & Sur 304-3 WILSON. DR. GEO F.. Phys. & Surg... 708-707 WILSON. DR. HOLT a. Phys. & Surg.. .507-303 WOOD. DR. W. L. Physician. 412-413-4U WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO ..613 A few more elesrent officea may Tao Iiad by applying- to Portland Trust Company of Oregon, 109 Third at.. o to the rent cleric ln the hnlldlnar. MEN NO CURB. NO PAY THE MODER. APPLIANCE A positive way to perfect monhnx Everything r Use falls. The VACUUM TREAT MENT CURES you without medicine of all nervous or diseases of the generative organs, such as lost manhood, exhausting drains, varico cele, impotency. etc. Men ar quickly restored to perfect health and strength. Write for circulars. Correspondence confiden tial. THE HEALTH APPLLVNCE CO.. rooxrw 47-45 Eac Dpotlt bullinag. Seattle. Waali. Orail BUILDING pffif Ills 4,