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24
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JANUARY 1, 1900.
OREGON'S SCHOOLS
Portland's First School- Was
Opened 52 Years Ago.
HULTNOMAH'5 PUBLIC SCHOOLS
ITore Than. Half the Pupils Enrolled
in Portland Are Natives
of Oresron.
Upon the authority of that "History of
Portland" published some years since, the
first school opened In this city -was that of
Dr. Ralph "Wilcox, in the fall of 1847. The
doctor hailed from Kew York, and was
a pioneer of 1846. He also represented
the advance guard of the medical profes
sion in the little settlement. The school
was opened In & small frame Building on
Proni and Taylor streets, erected hy -Mr.
AIcKemee. It Is recorded that a dozen
children comprised the first attendance.
And this "was only B2 years ago! Dr.
"Wilcox, who -was genial and popular, af
terwards occupied clerkships In the legis
lature at Salem and the United States
court In Portland. Regrettable to relate,
he died by his own hand, In this city,
April 18, 1877.
The first educational venture evidently
lasted only a few months, for In April or
May of the succeeding year Miss Julia
A. Carter, who had recently arrived with
Jier family from Ohio, was carrying on
the good work in a log cabin on the cor
ner of Second and Stark streets, the ma
jority of her pupils being those who had
previously attended Dr. "Wilcox school.
The marriage, soon after, of Portland's J
first woman teacher to Joseph S. Smith
diverted the activities of Miss Carter Into
another channel, however, and the settle
ment awaited the advent of No. 8.
He promptly appeared in the person of
Aaron J. Hyde, of whom It is related
that "In the winter of 1S48-9 he taught a
school in what was for years known as
the 'cooper's shop.' This cooper's shop
was the only public hall In the town for
eonie time. It was located on the west
side of First street, between Morrison
and Yamhill, on a lot which was com
monly reported a former owner had
bought for the consideration of two
pups." The temple of learning in the fu
ture Northwestern metropolis seems
never to have lacked a priest, although
more alluring avenues probably opening
they appear to have moved with kaleido.
scoplc rapidity, for before the close of
3S50 no fewer than seven instructors had
come and cone in Quick succession.
Like everything else on the coast in
these early days, tuition cost consider
able, $10 per quarter being the regulation
fee.
Though teachers wore changing rather
frequently. It was evidently the firm de
termination of the pioneers that the new
town should have a permanent school.
The historian relates that the fourth to
wield the wand of ofiice. Rev. Horace
Lyman, "opened a school, late in Decem
ber, 1819, in a frame structure "built by
Colonel "William. King, for church and
school purposes. It was located on the
west side of First street, two doors north
of Oak. On this building was placed a
bell, which now hangs in the steeple of
theTaylor-street M. E. church." The year
following, the school, under the fifth
teacher, Cyrus A. Reed, had attained an
average attendance of 62 pupils. The
town had come to stay.
Portland Academy and Female Sezn-
p innry.
'In 1849 Rev. James Harvey "Wilbur, D.
D., located in Portland. A pioneer of the
very highest type, he was destined to
leave his lasting impress, educationally,
and otherwise, upon the whole region.
Coming to Oregon, by way of Cape Horn,
In 1847, as a missionary of the Methodist
Episcopal body, his first two years were
spent In Salem, when he was transferred
to the Portland circuit Physically
strong, himself a competent carpenter,
and possessed of unlimited energy, the
erection of the Taylor-street M. E. church
was his opening endeavor. "With his own
hands he felled the trees which covered
the lot, and aided manfully in the prac
tical work of rearing the building, which,
together with the parsonage, cost $5000.
The original edifice was replaced by the
present structure about 25 years ago, ow
ing to the growing needs of the congrega
tion. Recognizing that education and the
progress of intelligent religion are Indis
soluble, the church was scarcely finished
when Mr. "Wilbur set about the establish
ment of a denominational school, which
should be superior to anything yet at
tempted on the coast. Mechanics' wages
-were $12 per day and lumber $120 per
thousand, but the realization of his pro
ject went forward with dauntless zeal,
and, under the stylo and title of "The
Portland Academy and Female Semi
nary," It was opened In 1850 or '51, at an
outlay of ?SS00. Mr. Buchanan was first
placed In charge, to he succeeded the year
following by Rev. C. A Kingsley and
"wife, who conducted it with great success
for eight years. The location selected
was the block bounded by Columbia, Jef
ferson, Seventh and East Park streets.
A two-story frame building, of consider
able size. It must have formed an Im
posing structure in those days. Faithful,
earnest work was done In "The Acad
emy." In common with its sister Institu
tion of learning, the old schoolhouse of
Drumtochty, "scholars were born there."
"Father "Wilbur" died In "Walla "Walla
in 1SS7, at the age of 76.
Fre Schools.
"With all due deference to the "Acad
emy," a section of the founders of Port
land were desirous of obtaining the es
tablishment of free schools, similar to
those of the Eastern states, from which
the majority had emigrated. Most promi
nent in the movement was the Rev.
George H. Atkinson, who began to agi
tate the subject Immediately after the
organization of the territorial government
(August 13, 1848). Mr. Atkinson arrived
in Oregon in June of that year, bringing
with him a quantity of schoolbooks of the
latest and best authors, and later Import
ed a large supply. The Atkinson school
received his name In perpetuation of his
memory.
Despite some opposition and much-discussion,
an organization was at last suc
cessfully completed, evidence of which
is furnished in The Oregonian of De
cember 6, 1851, when a "free school" was
advertised. The board of directors con
sisted of Anthony L. Davis, Alonzo De
land and Reuben P. Boise. This board
announced that John T. Outhouse "would
begin a school In the schoolhouse, next
door to the 'City hotel,' on Monday. De
cember 15, 185L Books to be used: San
ders reader, Goodrich's geography,
Thompson's arithmetic and Bullion's
grammar." Portland's first public school
teacher was a young man only 22 years of
age, a native of New Brunswick. He be
gan with 20 pupils, but so rapidly did the
attendance increase that before the close
of the first year an assistant was deemed
necessary. The salary paid Mr. Outhouse
was $100 per month from the county
school fund, Portland at that time
paying two-thirds of the sum. But the
issue of expansion was taking tangiblo
shape. In 1855 the town had two public
schools, one on the northwest corner of
Oak and First streets, the- other on the
corner of Second and Jefferson. This lat
ter building is still in its original loca
tion. It fronts the "Shlloh Tabernacle"
on Second street.
Sylvester Pennoyer, afterwards governor
of Oregon, was In 1E55 appointed teacher
of the Oak-street school, while the other
was in charge of J. M. Keller, afterwards
city marshal. Rev. "W. F. Boykln, a Bap
Cist clergyman, at this juncture held the
jost of county superintendent Among
Governor Pennoyer's interesting recollec
tions of these primitive days Is the fact
that when the school board formally con
ducted him to the home of the superin
tendent for examination as- to his profes
sional ability, they found that official,
with sleeves rolled to his shoulders,
bravely wrestling with the family wash
ing. "Wiping the soapsuds off his arms, he
"examined" the candidate, pronounced
him quite satisfactory, and the future
head of the state was forthwith installed.
City Ownership of Schools.
Not satisfied with merely achieving the
establishment of free public schools, how
ever, the promoters of education began to
move In the direction of buildings owned
by the city, instead of renting. The coun
ty of Multnomah had been organized in
December, 1855, and In May of the follow
ing year a committee of citizens was ap
pointed to ascertain the cost of different
sites for school grounds. A report was
shortly submitted In favor of the James
Field block, on which the Portland hotel
now stands, and, the suggestion meeting
with approbation, It was purchased for
$1000. Hero a two-story structure, known
as the Central school, was erected, at an
expenditure of about $6000. On May 17,
1858, it was formally opened, with L. L.
Terwilllger, principal, and Mrs. Mary J.
Henslll and Owen Connelly, assistants.
In July following the names of 2SS pupils
were on the rolls, only two of whom re
Bided west of Seventh street In 1883 the
board of directors sold the block on which
the school stood to the Northern Pacific
Terminal Company, for $75,000, on the
guarantee that a hotel should take its
place. The old building was then moved
to the block on which the Marquam block
now stands, and was used for school pur
poses for several years.
The Foundation of Catholic Schools.
At this point In the educational history
of the city the name of Archbishop
Blanchet comes into prominence. Reaching
Oregon in 1838, as a missionary of the
Catholic church, under the auspices of the
Hudson's Bay Company, he rose in time
to the position of first archbishop appoint
ed in the state, with his seat at Oregon
City. Appreciating the coming standing
of Portland as a center of population, he
made a journey to Montreal, Canada, for
the purpose of procuring teachers belong
ing to his own faith. This was in 1859.
He returned in October of that year, with
12 Sisters of the Order of th6 Holy Names
of Jesus and Mary. Their route was via
New York and Panama. A site Was se
cured on Fourth street, between Market
and Mill, and the wooden building erected
in which St Mary's academy began Its
career, under the leadership of Sister Mary
Alphonse. The undertaking was emi
nently successful, though its surroundings,
for years after its establishment "was the
domain of tall timber and stumps. In
18S9 the original structure was moved off
to give place to the handsome brick edi
fice of today, erected at a cost of about
$50,000. During the intervening years the
Catholic church has founded other six
schools in different parts of the city, with
an aggregate attendance of Soo pupils, In
charge of 45 teachers. Of the original 12
Sisters who came to Oregon, 40 years ago,
six are still occupied teaching in Portland;
three returned to Canada and three have
died. Archbishop Blanchet, whose record
Is so closely connected with the planting
of his church's standard in the North
west, resigned his office, by special per
mission In 1881. and died two years later
at the old St "Vincent's hospital, to which
he had retired, in his 88th year.
Episcopal Schools St. Helen's Hall
and Bishop Scott Academy.
In June, 1869, Bishop B. W. Morris, ac
companied by his family, arrived in Port
land from Pennsylvania. He came as
the second Episcopal bishop of Oregon,
the first Bishop T. F. Scott, having died
in New York In 1867. In connection with
the advancement of other church work,
the Inauguration of a school was deemed
advisable, and St Helen's Hall, as a board
ing and day school for girls, was Imme
diately undertaken. The site obtained
was the block on Fourth street, between
Madison and Jefferson, now occupied by
the City Hall. The Institution which was
erected and opened only three months
after the arrival of the party was placed
under the direction of the three Misses
Rodney, the sisters-in-law of Bishop Mor
ris. The attendance increased so rapidly
that, before the close of the third year,
three enlargements of the premises had
been found necessary. In 1S90 the prop
erty was sold to the city, and the build
ings removed to the corner of Twelfth and
Main streets, where they are now occupied
as a kindergarten in connection with the
parent school. On the 9th of June of
that year the corner-stone of the present
spacious brick structure, on Park avenue,
was laid, and In February of the year fol
lowing, it was ready for occupation.
A school for boys had been established
at Oswego, Clackamas county, by the late
Bishop Scott, but before the election or
his successor the trustees had sold the
property. Upon the arrival .of Bishop
Morris the sum of $4500 was placed in his
hands to continue the work at some other
point Portland was selected, and four
hlocks of ground on Nineteenth street
between Couch and Everett, having been
given for the purpose, the corner-stone of
an educational institution exclusively for
boys was laid by Bishop Morris on th 5th
of July, 1869, and named the "Bishop Scott
grammar school." "When the ceremony
took place not another house was In sight.
The first term began in September of the
succeeding year, under the superintend
ence of Professor Charles H. Allen. The
proceeds from the sale of the Oswego
property were made the nucleus of a per
manent endowment fund, the Interest de
rived from which has all along proved a
substantial aid to the undertaking. Like
its sister institution, St Helen's Hall, It
has been the fortunate recipient of sev
eral substantial scholarships.
Seven years later, in 1877, the school en
countered the disaster of being almost
totally destroyed by fire, only a part of the
library and furniture being saved. But
the promptness and energy that had
reared it again came to the front, and
during the summer vacation the present
large structure was erected and work re
sumed, as though nothing had happened.
In 18S7 the armory was added, military
discipline Introduced, and the name
changed to the "Bishop Scott academy."
For the past 21 years it has remained con
tinuously under the management of Dr.
J. "W. Hill.
The Hlgrh School.
This division of the city's public school
system had its origin in 1869. Quarters
were assigned it on the second floor of the
North (or Atkinson) school, and, with J.
"W. Johnson as principal, and Miss M. N.
Tower (later Mrs. F. R. Arnold), as assist
ant its efforts began. About 50 pupils
comprised the opening membership. Ow
ing probably to its rapid growth, the new
department led a somewhat migratory ex
istence. In December, 1S73, it was trans
ferred to the Central school, only to un
dergo another removal In less than a year.
From 1879 the Park school afforded it an
asylum, where it remained till the erection
of its own Individual home.
In March, 1883, under the directorship of
John "Wilson, Charles Hodge and "William
"Wadhams, Portland's handsome High
school building was projected, the plan
being that of "William Stokes, architect
Mr. Hodge's death occurring in the same
month, James Steel was elected to fill hl3
unexpired term. The block bounded by
Fourteenth and Lownsdale, Alder and
Morrison streets was purchased for $30,000,
and the edifice commenced. Its erection
occuDied two years. The style is the
Transition, or Semi-Norman, which pre
vailed in the reigns of Henry n and Rich
ard L Its dimensions are 140x200 feet
three stories, besides a basement and at
tic, and represents an investment, exclus
ive of the site, of $130,000. Today it has
an attendance of 800 pupils, under a corps
of 21 teachers.
The Portland Academy.
This latest of the city's prominent educa
tional institutions was organized, as a pri
vate enterprise, in July, 1SS9, under the
auspices of the Presbyterian church. Very
substantial assistance was rendered by the
late "W. S. Ladd, who erected and placed
t the service of the school the building
ijfc 191 Eleventh street The undertaking
Columbia
NEWS,
"V -
THESE FAMOUS'BUILDINQ
PAPERS FOR SALE BY
Blake-McFall Company
Portland
Fisher, Thorsen & Co.
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A. Zellerbach & Sons
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Pacific Paper Co.
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Cleveland Oil & Paint Co.
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Jno. W. Graham & Co.
Spokane
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Spokane
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San Francisco
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Seattle
Seattle Hardware Co.
Seattle
grew and prospered. Through the gen
erosity of several leading members of that
denomination, fuller equipment and en
larged facilities were added, and new de
partments opened. In 18W, at the end ol
the third year, tho school -was Incorpor
ated, under the name of the "Portland
academy." Increased accommodation was
becoming an Imperative necessity, how
ever. A site of 16 lots on Thirteenth street, be
tween Hall and Montgomery, was present
ed by H. W. Corbett, to which the trus
tees of the "W. S. ladd estate added two
lots, making the ground a full double
block. The building -was begun in the
summer of 1S95, and completed early the
following. year. The sfructure Is of brick,
after the Flemish style, two stories high,
194xG0 feet. Its principals are Dr. S. R.
Johnston and Dr. J. R. "Wilson.
TJic Publics Schools of Portland and
Oregon at the Present Time.
If the first teachers who, In the prlml
tlveness and incertitude of our log-cabin
beginnings, took the Initial steps toward
establishing schools, could have been re
warded by a prophetic glance along the
next 50 years, and witnessed the high
position education was to occupy here
within that time brief in the life of a city
or state they would probably have con
sidered it the veriest fairy tale. Even
statistics lose their inherent dryness when
they afford a comprehensive Idea of the
phenomenal advancelnpopulatlon Portland
has made In the last quarter of a century.
According to official returns, the Increase
in the number of school children has been
at the following rate:
1875 1,70911890 .. 4,812
1SS0 2.513I1S95 10,554
1SS5 3,97811890 11,893
The greatest Increase between any two
years was that between 1891 and 1892, when
the figures cose from 5215 In the former
year to 9641. This was due to the consoli
dation of Portland, East Portland and
Albina. And yet. despite the influx of immi
gration, It Is an interesting fact that con
siderably more than half of the total en
rollment are ratlves of either Portland
or the state of Oregon.
Portland and Multnomah county togeth
er possess 57 schools, of which the city
claims 27. Of these, 17 are located on the
East Side. The aggregate value of these
57 school buildings, with their furnituro
and apparatus, amounts to $1,105,822, of
which Portland and the East Side repre
sent $1,000,000. The number of pupils in
attendance, including city and county, Is
returned as 13,832. These are Instructed
by 392 teachers, of whom 281 are connect
ed with the city schools 31 male and 250
female. The average annual salary for
the city teachers is $787 25. Taking city
and county together, it averages per
month: Male, $60 15; female, $39 90. The
aggregate sum paid to the Portland teach
ers last year footed up to the handsome
total of $197,721 C7. In the city the schools
have a uniform limit of 10 months tuition;
In the county the average Is 8.18 months.
Our corps Of Instructors ranks well up'
In the world of education, keeping closely
in touch with the latest methods of older
Eastern institutions. A number have seen
honorable service for a lengthened period.
Among the male teachers, Proftssor I. "W.
Paratt, principal of Failing school, heads
the list, with a continuous record of 30
years. The professor, a native of New
York, came to this coast via the Isthmus,
and has personally witnessed a very large
proportion of our expansion.
Miss Alpha M. DImick, principal of
Brooklyn school, on the East Side, a
graduate of St. Mary's. college, has taught
longest among the female teachers, she
having been identified with Portland's
schools for 25 years. Taking In at a
sweep the whole of Oregon, the statistics
of the state superintendent are a3 follows:
Number of public schools.". 2,061
Number of pupils enrolled 88,474
Average dally attendance 61,206
Number of teachers (male, 1117; fe
male, 2558) 3,675
Average salary per teacher
Male $4165
Female 34 97
Aggregate value of buildings and
grounds $2,872,618 34
The authorized state levy of taxation
for education In Oregon l 5 mills, though
some districts, when occasion calls for
it, voluntarily raise a far higher sum.
The average levy for all school purposes
for the city of Portland for the past year
River
F.
MANILA, FRUITS
Red and
a9TFT
Carpet Lining, Felting and Tarred Papers
AFFILE m A'V " " -"- " . t X. ' v I I
la'?3BLMi W ' VV 11:,V' ksr.- tjfcsti 1 9 If r tkII I'll I'lfflw'-j "T" c' Tgi' jtM - ,s
$S Ns5534 93 ''i 'If1' . V A w "ss?-S5rviv-i3fci 1L Jl j II Hint' if! fiw t i ' j
mwfr?' p3( nipy
:JJ: :,r: , , . y j ij f f ? ayf r i r
, ' ' J. Kastcr, Superintendent
was 4.41 per cent. As an educational cen
ter, Portland stands in the 'front frank
among the cities of the United States.
In addition to its comprehensive day
school system, It has enjoyed for the past
8 or 10 years the advantage of several
free night schools, under the direction of
the city board of -education, and presided
over by competent teacliers. fhese are
held in the high-school building (where
there are four teachers), the Central
school, on the East Side, and the "Williams-avenue
school, In Albina, each with
two teachers. The tuition, of two hours'
duration, Is similar to that of the gram
mar school, with the addition of book
keeping. The ages of the pupils In at
tendance range from 7 to 30 years.
Besides all these avenues to education,
Portland has two business colleges, both
of high standing, from which a steady
stream of young men and women is
graduated, who uphold the honor of the
Institutions Irom which they issue, In re
sponsible commercial positions.
The full-fledged college is represented
among us by the Portland university, es
tablished on the East Side, under Meth
odist auspices, and the medical depart
ment and law school of the university oi
Oregon, located in different parts of the
city. The Oregon college of dentistry and
the Tacoma college of dental surgery, the
latter recently transplanted from the
City of Destiny, also offer their respective
advantages. A number of reliable pri
vate schools receive satisfactory patron
age, while music, languages and, art each
suppbrt high-class talent. The kindergar
ten Idea Is represented byChreefree and
nine private institutions, besides a "man
ual training school, in which girls as well
as- boys are taught to drive a nail
straight.
It can safely be asserted that no city
In tho Union making such marvelous
commercial growth and rapid increase In
population has devoted more attention to
education and achieved better results than
Portland. ALICE P. CORNWALL.
Portland.
BISHOP SCOTT ACADEMY.
One of tne Leading Educational In
stitutions of the Coast.
The American-Spanish war served the
purpose at least of bringing prominently
before the mind of the public the advan
tages, even the necessity, of some military
instruction of the young men of this coun
try. In the curriculum of every good school
some provision should be made for proper
military training. Military rules and reg
ulations are formulated, first with the ob
ject in view of teaching implicit obedi
ence, and of encouraging those habits
which have for their, ultimate aim the
highest development of the pEyslcal man,
and the right and wrong use of expending
physical force. The highest type of man
hopd in America Is perhaps found among
those who have enjoyed the matchless ben
efits of a thorough West Point or Annapo
lis training, under the watchful eye of
the government itself, and the private
Institutions of learning in the country to
day which pay some attention to military
instruction are the schools which stand
the highest in the popular estimation.
Bishop Scott k academy was founded In
1870. It has always occupied a prominent
position among the leading schools of the
Pacific Northwest. Dr. J. W. Hill, the
principal, dates his connection with the
academy from 1S78. Dr. Hill is a graduate
of Tale, and he is an educator of ability
who Is recognized as one of the most
prominent Instructors on the coast. No i
school in the West has made greater prog
ress during the past few years than Bishop
Scott academy. The school today offers
advantages to the youth of the Pacific
Northwest of obtaining an academic educa
tion at a moderate cost It, Is .as well
conducted as are any of the higher seats
of learning In the East. The health of
the students Is most carefully watched
under the eye of the principal himself, the
tone of the school and of the community
in which it is located is high from the
standpoint of morals, and the course of in
struction adopted Insures a thorough
grounding In all the modern branches of
learning and in tha classics,, .
The manual of arms taught at Bishop
W. LEADBETTER, MANUFACTURER
LA CAMAS, WASH.
ALSO FAMOUS BRANDS OF
Resin-Sized
Scott academy Is out of the text-books
in use by the United States army. The
Instructors in the military branches are
gentlemen who have held commissions un
der the government, and the training,
while not along such rigid lines. Is as
thorough as It Is at "West Point. The
students themselves vie with each other
In their endeavor to excel In the military
branches, and on parade days no body of
men presents a better appearance as sol
diers than the Bishop Scott cadets. An
illustration of Bishop Scott academy and
its grounds is shown In the illustrated Sup
plement of this number.
The advantages of a thorough training
at Bishop Scott academy can be best ap
preciated from tho statement that during
the recent war with Spain 30 officers in
Uncle Sam's army were formerly pupils
of the Portland school. The government
has only recently adopted a policy which
will greatly facilitate m the future the
work of schools and colleges of a seml-
milltary character such as Bishop Scott
academy. The management of
these
schools are now afforded the privilege of
making their own selection for military In
structors from among the list of retired
officers In the United Stales army. These
officers, while engaged as military instruc
tors in these schools, are put on full pay
by the government, according to their
rank. In many other ways the govern-
ment has shown a disposition to foster and
encourage the establishment of schools
or tnis cnaracter tnrougnout tne country,
a recognition that Is directly due to a just
appreciation of the benefits which early
military training confers on the youth of
the land, a training that redounds directly
to the benefit of the government itself in
time of great national disturbance.
Bishop Scott academy is the first school
in the Northwest to give a course In
manual training. Thi3 department is in
charge of a specialist. The aim of man
ual training, or the now education, as It
Is sometimes called, Is to develop evenly
all the faculties of the boy. The atten
tion, obsrvatlon and perception of the boy
are better developed by this training of
the eye, mind and body than in 'any other
way.
COLLEGE OF -MEDICINE.
Medical Department of tne Univer
sity of Orcgron.
The college of medicine of the university
of Oregon, while virtually at Eugene, the
university seat, Is practically carried on
at the city of Portland, because of the ob
vious advantages to be found In a metrop
olis for the successful prosecution of med
ical studies.
This department, which was established
In 18S7, In 1895 became a graded school, oc-
cupylng the advanced rank of those re-
quiring from their students as a condition
of graduation, attendance upon four full
courses of lectures In a regular medical
college. The result of this advance, as
shown in its work, under the four-courses
system, has proven eminently satisfactory.
The requirements of this school for both
matriculation and graduation, are In strict
accordance with those laid down by the
Association of American Medical Colleges,
oi wnicn it is a memoer.
Men and women are admitted on eaual
terms. Clinics are held regularly, and
frequently, at the Good Samaritan and
St. Vincent's hospitals, and material is
abundant.
The 13th annual session began October
2, 1899. There are enrolled for the pres
ent session 13 freshmen, 24 sophomores, 13
juniors, 12 seniors and 5 special electlves,
The alumni number 113. Particulars of
the medical department may be obtained
ay addressing the dean, Dr. S. E. Josephl,
610 Dekum building, Portland, Or.
' a
Women as Tram Conductors.
Cardiff Western Mall.
In Chile women are employed every
where as tram conductors. There was so
much dishonesty among the men who were
formerly employed that the tram pro
prietors filled their places with women,
who have been found In every way satis
factory. They wear a neat uniform,
work well together, and even run a small
Newspaper among themselves,
WRAPPING PAPERS
Busidirscj Papers
GUARANTEED 500 SQUARE FEET TO ROLL, 36 INCHESWIDB
N COWLITZ COUNTY
Substantial Advancement In All
Lines in 1899.
LUMBERING GIVES WORK TO MANY
Capitalists Have Confidence In the
mineral Deposits 3Iore Money
Needed to Worlc Them.
The past 12 months have witnessed sub-
i atantial Improvements In all lines of in
dustry In Cowlitz county. There has been
a fair increase in population. The "new
comers" are principally from the states
of Minnesota, "Wisconsin and Michigan.
They generally seek small Improved
farms or timber land. They are people
of means, and have left their Eastern
, homes in search of a milder climate,
i The large section of virgin forest on the
UDDer Kalama river, one township of
which is estimated to contain 100,000,000
feet of good, merchantable saw timber,
has attracted the plain "squatter," the
j Eastern mill man and the holder of gov-
ernment scrip to such an extent that sev
eral townships have been taken during
the past 10 months. Lumbering, includ
ing Jogging, continues to be the chief in
dustry of the people of Cowlitz county.
The Ostrander Logging Railway Com
pany, located at Ostrander, is one of the
largest and most successful concerns in
the state, operating several mlle3 of rail
road and having a capacity of 200,000 feet
per aay jn the vicinity of Stella there
are seven logging camps, with a capacity
of 17,000,000 feet a year. The output of
these camps is transported to tho Colum
bia river over Brock's railroad, which
has been extended several miles during
tho past year. At Oak Point there are
two big logging concerns. Welst Bros,
operate five miles of cable road, have a
capacity of 100,000 feet a day, and em
ploy from 40 to 80 men. The average
wages paid Is $2 50 per day. Benson &
Co,, of Oak Point, have 10 miles of steel
i railroad, use six railroad engines and 10
steam donkey engines. Their dally capa
, city Is 200,000 feet. They employ from
I 100 to 200 men at an average of $2 50 a day.
! Thrrp nra manv saw mills in this county.
tne larger ones being Fiddler's mill, at
Catlln and Hogue & Young's mill, at
; Qak Point.
Tne manufacture of red cedar shingles
i, y,ar,nmn an imnortant factor in the
material prosperity of the north half of
the county. Several mius are locaiea at
Kelso and Castlerock. The cutting of
shlncle bolts on the Coweeman and
Toutle rivers affords employment at good-
I wages for a small army of ranchers who
live on those streams, and thus find em
ployment near home.
Another Industry that has grown to Im
portant proportions Is the cordwood busi
ness. A large part of the wood con
sumed by the Columbia river steamboats
Is supplied by dealers at Martin's Bluff,
Hoffman, Kalama, Stella and Oak Point.
Wood is also shipped from some of these
points on barges to Portland. At Oak
Point, Hogue & Young have seven miles
( o flU'me, employ 50 to 75 men, and carry
a stock of 11,000 cords of seasoned wood.
Cowlitz ranks high as an agricultural
county. Considerable grain Is grown In the
Lewis and Cowlitz river valleys. There
has been a large Increase in tho total
acreage of cultivated lands the. past year,
and many small orchards planted and en
larged. The farmers of this county were
never on a more substantial basis than at
the present time.
Dairying is now receiving the attention
that Its Importance deserves. Newmethods
and new appliances are now being used.
Separators are now common throughout
the county. At Woodland a cheese factory
is running succeflsfuHy, candliny tao milk;
from about 400 cowa and distributing
among the contributors of rnn about
51S0O to $2000 a month.
The fishing Industry has lonir teen e.
source of considerable wealth, to Cowllta
county. About 200 of our citizens are en
gaged In gill-net, seine and trap fishing.
Doty & Co., of Kalama. ara engaged ex
tensively In shipping fresh fish to local
dealers throughout the United States.
"Wallace Bros., of Kalama, fish packers,
ship to European markets as well as to
points within this country. Then there la
tho Kalama river salmon hatchery, which
was doubled in capacity the past summer
by the construction of an eyeing station
with a capacity of 5,000,000 eggs. These two
institutions employ during the hatching
season about 20 men. This season's hatch
was only about 6,000,000, owing to the
scarcity of eggs. Ten million could have
been handled.
The mineral wealth of thi3 county 13
more or les3 a matter of conjecture aft
the present time, although some mines
have been developed enough to inspire
mining men with sufficient confidence to
cause them to Invest money in them. The
Monument, on the Kalama river, has been
tunneled 4S0 feet, and the outlook Is very
satisfactory. The Adios, In the same lo
cality, was recently purchased by mining
men from Tacoma, and a force of men
are now employed sinking a shaft in it
All that seems to be needed Is capital for
development.
Cowlitz county Is in good condition, war
rants are at par, the debt is compara
tively light, and taxes are moderate. Our
schools are equal to the best. To tho
homeseeker and to the investor Cowlitz
county offers a promising field.
"W. H. IMUS.
Kalama, "Wash.
Clatsop County's Industries.
Manufactures in Clatsop county have
shown a very healthy growth tho past
year. They are still of the cruder sort,
and are near the area of the production of
raw materials; yet they Involve the use of
extensive capital and machinery properly
belonging to the manufactures. They
are fish products, lumber and box shooks,
iron and metallic work3 and local supplies.
In fish production there has been a fall
ing off of one-fourth in canned goods from
the pack of 1S9S; but there has been avery
large Increase In the shipment of fresh
salmon in refrigerator cars, perhaps
enough to make up the difference. The
salmon catch of 1S99 was unsatisfactory,
but the young fry hatched four years ago
are expected to return to the river thla
year, when a decided increase Is looked
for.
In lumbering and logging there has been
a great increase. The Astoria Box Com
pany reports a large gain over last year,
which was 40 men employed, the payment
of $1S,000 In wages, $40,000 for raw materials
and $SO,0C0 for total product. The Clatsop
Mill Company reports ISO men employed
this year, as against 125 last; an Increase
of $25,000 In wages paid, at $225,000. The
Seaside mill has also made a large in
crease. In logging, the output advanced
fully 25 per cent last year; much of the
product going to Portland and to the Ore
con City pulp mills. The total value of
logs and lumber to the county was $400,000
last year, as against $300,000 in 1898. The
number of men employed at the mills Is
about 250, and at logging camps an equal
number.
The Iron and sheet metal works show
an Increase of fully 25 per cent In product.
Over 200 hands are employed, and the out
put In $500,000 In value.
The North Pacific brewery reports a lib
eral Increase. It employs 13 men, uses
raw materials valued at $25,000. and its
output Is $75,000. Other manufactures, in
cluding bakeries, confectionery shops,
boatbuilding establishments, clam cannery,
planing mills and oil factories, employ
about 125 men, and turn out products
worth upward of $150,000. The total for
all manufactures outside of fish products
Is 850 men, employed, and $1,050,000 valuo
of output. Assuming- that the total fish
product, cold storage included, was as
great a3 last year, the total manufactures"
for the year aggregate $2,243,443, and tha
number of employes reaches fully 2500.
Astoria, Or. ! J. KERN.