Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 14, 1895)
HE MOKNDra OBEGrmuJr,, JKOKDAT, JA55TTAB1" 14, 1895 fyz e0uim Entered t the Pcstofflce at Portland. Oregc. cs sscond-clazs matter. nEVlSED SCBSOHPTIOrJ KATES. By llall (postage prepaid) la Advance. Daily, with Sunday, per xaoatb... . $ 1 0 Dally. Sunday excepted, per year ... 10 00 Dally, irith Sunday, per year. .-. 12 00 Sunday, per year .. ...-. 2 The Weekly, per year.. .. . 1 CO ITfce Weekly, three months 5 TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Dally, per week, delivered. Sunday excepted23c Dally, per week, delivered. Sunday lncluded..30c DAILY METEOROLOGICAL BEPOUT PORTLAND. Jan. IS, 8 P. SL Maximum temperature. -40; minimum temperature, 37; heipnt of river t 11 A- M.. 14.4; change in past 24 besrs. 4.0; total precipitation today, 1.9; total precipitation from September 1. 1604 twet season), to date. 1S.70; average, 23.50: oeflciewy. 4.71; hours o" sunshine Saturday, Hice; ieIWe number, 9:06. WEATHER SrXOPSIS. A decided change in the barometric-conditions having occurred during the past 24 hours. It may be expected that fair weather Trill result. Some light rain fell in Oregon and tlic western portions of California, but the weather In Wasaington remained fair. Montana is the field of the storm's Influence, the barometer reading decidedly lew. and Msht enow bavins fallen. WEATHER FORECASTS. forecasts made at Portland for the 21 hours tending at midnight, January 14: J-'or Washington and Oregon Fair weather Dnd cooler, with light west to north winds. For Idaho Occasional light snow and coWer, Jttlth fresh westerly winds. For Portland Fair weather and coaler, with light northerly winds. B. S. PAGUE, Local Forecast Official. PORTLAXD .MONDAY, .TAXUARY 14. A "WORD TO THE WISE. No attempt ought to have been made in Oregon to elect a senator on the free-silver issue. It is an issue foreign to the republican party- The party has Jiot authorized it, The course of its history as a national organization dur ing the whole time since this question arose, nearly twenty years since, has "been against free coinage of silver; and this for the reason that it was seen that free coinage of silver would lead directly to debasement of the money of the country. Such debasement not only would be Injurious, but would be calamitous and ruinous. It would re duce the value of money by one-half would annihilate one-half the money savings in the United States, would pay labor with money of inferior value, and would make the cost of exchanges in foreign commerce run heavily against us. The republican party has foreseen all this from the first, and foreseeing it, has therefore refused to grant free coinage to silver. Since sil ter has fallen so low as it has in the Markets of the world, there is more necessity than ever of adhering to this position, and therefore it is now more clearly than ever before a cardinal principle of the republican party. Responsibilty of the democratic party for the finances of the country has forced its national administration to take and to maintain the same posi tion. So long as it was out of power it juggled with the question, and mis chievously encouraged those who were pushing the free-silver issue; but when it Is in power no bill for free coinage of sliver is allowed even, a hearing. The presence of the silver-mining in terest in our Western states gives rise to a mistaken and short-sighted effort in behalf of silver, an effort that meets no similar response in other and greater states, and morevoer Is at total vari ance with facts and conditions that control business and values throughout the commercial world. To these facts and conditions we must conform; we cannot escape them, and we should ruin ourselves by an endeavor to re sist their irresistible forces. The ruin would quickly involve the republican party, should it attempt this madness. It could not be held to gether. Even in Oregon the free-silver issue, if pressed, will divide and wreck the party. While they who oppose free bilver have not attempted to proscribe those who have favored it, as the elec tion of Senator Mitchell and Repres2n tatives Hermann and Ellis fully attest, yet they must say they cannot them selves submit to proscription on that Issue, and that men who are looking to the welfare of the republican party in Oregon can by no means afford to fore It. Ejection of a free-silver senator under present conditions would be notice to those who oppose free silver and the Silver standard of money that they are to have no standing hereafter in Xhe republican party, or will be com pelled to fight for it, if they would have it. It would make a most violent disturbance in the republican conven tion of Oregon in 1S95, and perhaps a veneral division. A word to the wise ought always to suffice. It is understood that supplies of wheat In farmers hands in the United States are less than usual at this time of year. The receipts from first hands have fallen to a low point, and this Is believed to be chiefly because a great many of the wheat farmers have sold oft all they had on hand. There is still no general agreement as to the quan tity of wheat fed to animals, and likely to be fed to them, in this country dur ing the remainder of the crop year. It is uald the subject is engaging attention in Europe, many people there expecting that It will cause an advance In our wheat prices. It may be, however, that the same idea has occurred to wheat growers here, and that more grain has been held back than is generally sup posed. At any rate, the visible supply Is very large and the export movement weak. Many persons begin to believe that the large foreign stocks of wheat approach exhaustion. The official state ment for European Russia shows a de crease of 6l.Wi.0W bushels in the wheat crop there. The Chicago Tribune claims to have late advices from Ar gentina that the wheat crop there is a poor one. The harvest time falls early in the calendar year, so that it should b poaMble now to make an in telligent estimate, not of yield in bush els, but of comparative plenty or de ficiency. The judgment of those who have analyzed the imperfect reports Is that the Argentina wheat crop will be low In quality, and under the average In Quantity per acre, but no one pro 1 esies jto. know much in regard to the breadth shown. The wheat area lias increased greatly and constantly in Argentina for several years past, and the total yield may keep up. In spite of a poor crop. But there Is a growing tendency to look for diminished sup plies and firmer prices everywhere. THE 1XCOJIE TAX. David A. Wells, In the January For um, discovers a new constitutional ob jection to the income tax. Waning the common plea that a tax upon incomes Is a direct tax within the meaning of the constitution, and so should be appor tioned among the states, according to population, he believes that the tax now levied is. contrary to the constitu tional provision that "all duties, im ports, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States." The argument of Mr. Weils as developed at length in his Forum article, is that the $4000 exemption made by the new law, or any other exemption above a figure absolutely necessary to keep the Income-receiver out of the public poor house, introduces non - uniformity. Thus, two farms side by side produce an income of $4000 each, and are ex empt from this tax; but a third farm, near by, yields $S000 a year, and is taxed on half the income. So one set of properties competing in the same market are made to bear a tax burden, while others of the same kind are ex empt. This point seems not to have been raised against the income tax collected from 1SCL to 1871, though still greater discrimination was made by the grad uated tax of the latter part of that time. The law of 1861 imposed 3 per cent upon incomes above $000; that of 1862, 3 per cent on such incomes up to $10,000, and 5 per cent on all above; that of 1864, 5 per cent on incomes from $600 to $3000; 1i. per cent on the excess over $5000 up to $10,000, and 10 per cent on the excess over that amount; the law of 1SG5, 5 per cent on $600 to $5000, and 10 per cent on the excess; that of 1857, 5 per cent, and that of 1870, 2 per cent flat on in comes above $1000. Here is studied inequality much greater than that of the present law. Since the collected decisions of the courts upon the subject contain no ruling upon the point raised by Mr. Wells, it is probable that it was not made in all the long fight against the old income tax. It is very doubtful whether the objection will hold good in law. Courts make little of constitu tional requirement of equality and uni formity in taxation, whether state or federal. The requirement is vague, elastic and susceptible of multiform in terpretation. It probably will be held that, so long as all incomes of a cer tain size throughout the country are taxed at uniform rates, the constitu tional rule has been adhered to. The common ground of oppositioh to the income tax is that it is a direct tax, and therefore can be laid only in the way prescribed by the constitution. This was passed upon at least three times during the period of the old income-tax law (In Hylton vs. United States, 3 Dallas; Pacific Insurance Com pany vs. United States, 7 Wallace, and Springer vs. United States, 102 U. S.) The substance of these rulings is that a direct tax, in the meaning of the constitution, is a tax upon persons or property, like a poll or land tax, and that the income tax is a duty or ex cise tax on business, like internal rev enue taxes on liquors and tobacco. It is probable that the legal fight against the income tax will come to nothing. In spite of the theoretical principle of law that "revenue statutes, being neither remedial nor founded upon any permanent policy, are to be construed in favor of the taxpayer, and most strongly against the govern ment," courts are very slow in practice to upset a law upon which the govern ment depends for means to carry it on. In this case they are confronted by a number of precedent rulings in favor of the income tax, made when the government was fighting for its life, and was obliged to strain all its constitutional powers to raise money. It is probable that this law will remain in force till it dies by limitation or is repealed as odious and unfruitful. It will yield much less revenue than is ex pected, and will be found extremely hateful. GREATER XEW YORK. In order to assure the maintenance of her prestige as the greatest city of America, New York feels the necessity of going on with her consolidation scheme; for, though Chicago might not equal her population by the next cen sus, yet there Is danger she may pass it, and it is this danger that New York is now taking early means to avert. It is the growth of Chicago that forces consolidation at New York; nothing else. Governor Morton, in his recent mes sage, urged the legislature to prepare a careful plan for organization of "Greater Ne? York," and suggested that "a commission be at once created, to be composed of the most capable citizens of the various localities inter ested, to be charged with the power and duty of framing a charter and report ing the same to the present legislature, if such a plan can be drafted and sub mitted before the session closes." The figures as to population and area, and the counties and portions of coun ties to be included in the consolidated city are: Popu- Area County lation, 1S90. sq. miles New York 1.S01.7S9 3S.SG Kings 395,276 77.51 Queens 117.9S2 123.9S Richmond 5S.4S2 57.13 Westchester 29,412 20.24 Totals 2.997.SCI 317.77 This area, will be somewhat greater than that of Chicago, yet, perhaps, no greater, if the water area within the consolidated city be deducted. The total assessed valuation of real estate in the consolidated district is $2,234, 36S.792; of personal estate $395,459,S22. The debt of the consolidated city will exceed 5150,000,000. With her 3,000,000 inhabitants. New York will easily rank as the second city of the world. Paris now has about 2,500.000. But no city in the Eastern hemisphere will grow so rapidly as consolidated New York, and the only chance that New York may lose the second place will yet arise from the pro digious possibilities that He in Chicago, which many think will be the most populous city In the world before the end of the next century. The legislature will find there Is but one thing it can do with the prisoners in the penitentiary, so as to make them earn something toward, their support; and that one thing is to let out their labor by contract. All schemes for the state's employment of the convicts at manufacturing, road-making, etc, will prove too costly for success, or for divers reasons impracticable. The jute mill act should be repealed at once. There is no way In which the state can employ the convicts on its own account that will not cause It greater loss than idleness entails; so the contract system Is the only thing that remains. SEXSIBLE SAFEGUARDS. For many years the dull-witted hu morists of the country have made the bank cashier the subject of alleged jokes, the term being broad enough to include all who handle money behind the screened counters of a financial in stitution. The number of thefts, defal cations, manipulations of accounts and books, and systematic pilferings has been sufficient to justify the implica tion if not the wit. During the past two years more than a million dollars have been stolen from the banks of New York alone in this way, the sums taken ranging from $400,000 to $5200, and the guilty persons from the president of the bank to a mere coupon cleric. This is merely the record of one city. The daily dispatches tell of similar acts everywhere; nor are banks alone ex posed to plunder in this way. It is common to all lines of business where men handle other persons' money, without a strict check upon their trans actions being kept. Portland has added a number of cases to the list, both in banks and out of them. Some of the guilty men are in the penitentiary; some, by the grace of the governor, are out of it, while still others have in various ways escaped prosecution. How to prevent these breaches of trust is a problem deserving careful study. It has been demonstrated that care in the selection of persons in whom trust is reposed may not be relied upon to accomplish this end. Some of the defaulters were men of most exemplary habits, so far, at least, as appearances were concerned. Even long and faith ful service has proved not to be an assurance of unswerving honesty, for one of the embezzlers in New York had been in the bank's employ for 30 years, and only began his crooked work five years ago. It is not pessimis tic to say that honesty is more a matter of circumstances and conditions than of any ingrained sentiment in the hu man breast. The best way to promote honesty is to lessen the opportunities or tempta tions to be dishonest. There should be divided responsibility in everything of a fiduciary character. The condi tions under which wo- live are so com plex that few men can handle the money of others without a close check upon them, and not at some time be submitted to a temptation to use it that may prove too strong for them to resist. This temptation may be the result of fast living, of business reverses, of speculation, of the dire distress of loved ones, or of numerous other causes, but when it comes, the best protection agains't it is a condition of affairs where one can not yield to it without speedy discovery of his dishonesty. Then embezzlement would be confined to confirmed rogues and those who by stress of circum stances are rendered absolutely reck, less of consequences. Whether in a bank, business house, public office or as a. trustee, no man should handle the money of others with out at least two persons keeping check upon him. It should be the duty of one to check up his accounts and count his money at frequent intervals, de pendingupon the nature of the business, and of the other at unexpected and less frequent times to do fhe same thing, in order to assure the strict perform ance of this duty by the first man and prevent collusion. If this were made a general rule, no one could possibly ob ject to such supervision, but all would welcome it as a guaranty against un just suspicion and mean insinuation. Employers who have the strictest rules in regard to the handling of their money by employes, and enforce them the most rigidly, are teachers of morality, promoters of honesty and benefactorr of those whom they employ. Edward Atkinson, as The Oregontan supposed, did not advise persons hold ing treasury notes to bring on a crisis by rushing to the treasury to demand their redemption. He only pointed out that this would be the inevitable course in the present situation. He explains this in a letter to the New York Post, saying, "All persons now have the power to demand payment of the treas ury on the demand notes of the gov ernment, and many of them, are exer cising their power rightly. More and more will exercise that power, the wider the growing distrust. If an incapable congress fails to provide for gradual redemption in a manner that will re store confidence in the quality of these demand notes, upon them will fall the responsibility for what may or must ensue." The object of his first letter was not to inspire distrust and alarm, but to take note of it, and to bring the general public to "the conclusion which is rapidly being attained by all business men, to-wlt: that there will be no security against such dangers as I have indicated until congress pro vides in an adequate and suitable manner for the redemption of legal tender notes, Sherman notes, and all other demand obligations of the govern ment in a safe and suitable manner, nor until congress takes such action as may enable the business community to establish a hanking system of a safe and suitable kind, when the gov ernment ceases to attempt to maintain a great bank of issue, for which It is totally unfit." So far as his letter has had this effect, Mr. Atkinson has ren dered a valuable public service. Governor Pennoyer will now quit of fice. His eight years have been full of peril to the state. Passing over his minor faults, Oregon has never been sure that if an emergency should arise she would have an executive. During this long period it never has been felt that order was secure. A multitude of erroneous and hurtful notions have been instilled into the public mind through him, but after all he has sup plied an antidote to them by showing them forth in their naked absurdity. At first his "populisms" were attractive, but after a while people began to see through them and him. The frank ab surdity of his opinions soon deprived them of their speciousness, and he lest his hold upon the people. He has managed the business of the state as efficiently as he was able, which is not saying a great deal. At every stage of his official career his peculiarities and eccentricltl33.have appeared in the conduct of executive business. His re tirement from office probably is final, and it only remains to be said thafhis political and official career has been the natural sequel of the "agitation" of semi-riotous character, which gave him his start, and which he shrewdly turned to his own advantage. The democratic incapables at Wash ington are preparing to make another effort. After the manner common with those who do not see the difference be tween principles and expedients, they are evidently about to try to compro mise or combine irreconcilable things There is to be a sop for the silver men in further coinage of silver, a conces sion to the South in the repeal of the tax on state bank issues and soothing syrup to the North in the funding of greenbacks'. But this scheme can hard ly go through, nor would It accomplish the desired result If it should. George Gould is reported to have spent $GOO,000 in his foreign yacht con test, "an average of $4615 3S per day. Noting this report, the St. Louis Globe Democrat suggests that as yachting does not last the year round, Jay Gould's son could get a steadier ar ticle of enjoyment by starting a dally newspaper somewhere. The methods of the American Book Company in Oregon will be investigated by a legislative committee. This com mittee will have power to compel the attendance of witnesses and to require them to make statements under oath. No one doubts that there will be inter esting revelations. THE SCHOOL QUESTIOX. Support the Common. Schools by Di rect Tax, but Xot High Schools. PORTLAND, Jan. 13. (To the Editor.) In this morning's Oregonlan, Charles II. Chapman, president of the University of Oregon, dilates at length on the preclous ness of a higher education. Over and under and around and through his long article he never for a moment loses sight of the one idea which gave rise to it; money, money, more money for the uni versity at Eugene. Dr. Chapman con tends that Oregon owes her children a college education, without money and without price; that the doors of her state university are now open to all, rich and poor alike, free of all charge, and should be forever kept so, let the cost to the commonwealth be what it may. Let us analyze this claim that the Uni versity of Oregon is now free to the chil dren of the whole state. As a matter of common justice. If it is free to one It should be to alL Generally speaking, it is safe to say that any proposition ad vocated by a person who does not pro vide a dollar of the money necessary to carry on an enterprise, and who only thinks of the question of finance when planning to spend the funds of others to which he has access, Is visionary and Im practical; and so it is in this instance. Theoretically, the privileges of the uni versity at Eugene are free to all the children of Oregon. Practically they are not; and even Dr. Chapman ought to be able to see this, without having It pointed out to him. The tuition, which Is free In the University of Oregon, Is but a very small part of the expense of a college course, where the students must leave home to attend school. The prin cipal Item is board. Next to this is cost of transportation. Consequently, to place all the children of Oregon, rich and poor alike, on the same footing as to the state university, which Dr. Chapman errone ously claims to be tne case now, it is not enough that ttnticn be free. Books should' be furnished, board and lodging provided and traveling expenses of stu dents met out of the public funds. When this is done, and not before, all the chil dren of Oregon will be on an equality in availing themselves of the advantages of the state university. As it Is at present, the people of the whole state are taxed for the benefit of two favored classes: Those able to pay their board while away from home attending school, and those who live at Eugene. Concerning the first named, no other than a line-spun thtorist like Dr. Chapman, will for a moment contend that they cannot and should not pay a reasonable tuition fee; and as to the second, the same reason for supporting a high-grade school at Eugene from public funds will apply to 50 or 100 other locations in Oregon. Here is the correct basis on which to expend money raised by taxation for edu cational purpose. Put every dollar of this money into the common schools, affording every child In the state opportunity of acquiring, free of cost, such an educa tion as will qualify him for the duties of good citizenship. This done, the state has discharged its duty In full, and should not be called on to do more. Make the common schools of the state thorough and efficient in all they should properly un dertake, support them by a general tax (leaving high schools, academies, etc., to be maintained by tuition fees or local taxation), and not an Intelligent man in America will hesitate to become a resi dent of Oregon because of inadequate school facilities; Dr. Chapman, to the contrary, notwithstanding. COMMON SCHOOL. PERSOXS WORTH KXOWIXG AUOUT. Gladstone's sight is now so far restored that he can read 10 or 12 hours daily. M. Naundorff, who as Louis de Bour bon Is a claimant for the throne of France, advertises in a Paris paper for "a situation of any kind," and alleges as his fitness for a position that he speaks French, Dutch, English, German and Italian, and lias had a military experi ence in Holland and Africa. The Empress Eugenie paid a visit re cently to Queen Victoria at Windsor. She is said to have looked with almost envy on the comparatively small number of appeals for assistance which come into her majesty's hands. The enormous post bag which reaches Farnborough is filled, week after week, with appeals of all sorts, mostly from France, and mostly in the name of religion. Not very long ago It was interesting social talk in Philadelphia that Kathar ine Drexel, heiress to millions, was about to take up conventional life. Next Wednesday Mother Katharine Drexel will make her final vows as a religieuse in the community which she founded for the special work of evangelizing the Indians and negroes of the United States. Arch bishop Ryan will officiate at the solemn service, which will take place at the Convent of the Blessed Sacrament, near Philadelphia. Some courageous English churchmen are going to commemorate the 250th anni versary of Archbishop Laud's execution on January io, on Tower Hill, where he was beheaded. An exhibition of manu scripts, portraits and other objects of In terest will be held at the same time at Barking, where he lay buried until re moved to Oxford, and lectures on Laud and his times will be given In the parish church. The hot-tempered little Welsh man, "Parva Laus," as his enemies called him, was not only the persecutor of Puri tans and the tyrannical minister of Charles I; he was almost the second founder of Oxford university. Dr. William Detmold, who died in New York the other day, was one of the oldest surgeons in the United States. He was the father of orthopedic surgery in this country, and his professional career of over half a century has been a great blessing to thousands upon thousands. He was prominent In the organization of the medical corps of the United States army at the outbreak oC the civil war, ind many one-armed soldiers were delighted In those days of wholesale maiming at being provided with the "Detmold knife," a unique combination of knife and fork for crippled survivors. Dr. Detmold's life was a striking Illustration of the human ity of seemingly inhumane surgery. SYLVESTER PEXXOYER. A Pretty Fair Estimate ot the Man Whose- Sun. Has Set la Oregon. Salem Post (Populist.) Sylvester Pennoyer Is not such a bad man as some think him to be. In fact he la not a bad man at all. Neither is he so great and good a man as some people suppose. Ke has a kindly disposition, and is always willing to help his fellow-man, provided It costs him no money. The gov ernor is one of those men who will take all the salary the law will allow him, and who will squeeze a dollar when he gets it until he makes the eagle scream. He Is, therefore, benevolent, provided he is not compelled to put his hand in his own pocket. The governor has not a particle of pride in his composition. He will enjoy the so ciety and talk as friendly with the hum blest man he meets as he will with the most distinguished person in the state. He pays but little regard to dress, and feels more at ease In his old homespun suit and high-standing 'collar than he would in a "claw-hammer" coat or a Prince Albert frock. But if he is a stranger to pride, he is not to vanity. He Is vain of his abilities, and will swallow with avidity the most fulsome flatteries that can be poured into his ears. He loves to hear people talk about his eloquence, his sagacity, his po litical acumen, his versatility and his In fluence. He Imagines that he Is a greater man than the president of the United States, and In some respects it is just pos sible that he is. Mr. Pennoyer has done some things well. He interposed his veto on several occasions to very good purpose just often enough to make some people believe he was a patriot. He allowed many oppor tunities to go by where that veto power could have been exercised to the great advantage of the country. He has fre quently been referred to as a crank. This is a mistake. He Is no cranlc There is method in his madness. He is a practical, level-headed man. He has done many queer things, but they were done for a purpose. He seldom believed In what he taught. He is a demagogue, pure and simple. All the extraordinary moves that he made and all the absurd things that he said were for effect nothing else. Sin cerity is a virtue he knows nothing about. Whenever he made a move or wrote a sentence, it was done to ingratiate himself into the good graces of the people. For a time this policy succeeded, and he became the idol of the people. But after a while the people began to find him out, and everything he did was received with in credulity and dist.ust. What the governor's reasons are for turning so many thieves, swindlers and murderers loose upon an Inoffendlng peo ple, it Is hard to say. It cannot arise from any love he bears to that evil ele ment. It cannot be that he has any sym pathy with crime and lawlessness. Our opinion Is that it arises from the same demagogic instinct that influences all his public actions. He does it to increase his popularity with a certain class. He wants the world to believe that his heart ia bleeding for the woes of humanity. He would fain pose before the people as a tender-hearted man. It Is one of the arts of the demagogue. His indiscriminate pardons is, perhaps, the foulest blot on his administration the weakest and worst part of his reign. He has, perhaps, with out knowing 11, set a pestilent example to his successors. He aims to be popular with the masses, and he enjoys the good will of a criminal rather than none at all. The unscrupulous manner in which he has used his pardoning power is the most Indefensible part of his whole exe cutive career. He does not seem to real ize the harm he has done, -turning out swindlers, rapists and assassins on a peaceable community. In summing up his influence for good or evil during tho term of his office, the future historian and critic oau only say, there have been worse governors than Pennoyer and many better ones. He had the mo3t exquisite opportunities to In gratiate himself into the hearts of the people; but he missed his opportunities, and his light will go out with his reign never to be rekindled. THE SPRiXG CLOSE SE.VSOX. PORTLAND. Jan. 12. (To the Editor.) There were two communications in The Oregonlan yesterday and today that speni to me so misleading and harmful in their effects as to demand contradiction. One is written by a dealer in fish, who has only an interest In his private business to serve and wants the laws so constructed as to enable him to make the most possible out of salmon shipping; and the other Is by a fishprian, ho wants lo catch fish unrestrained In the spring, because fish bring higher price in the market at that season. It is for this reason that both contend that the spring close season is unnecessary. Their contention, however, does not render it a fact. The greatest difficulty I have to jonte.id with as game and fish protector is the conflicting and selfish interests of the different persons Interested In fish and game for commer cial .purposes, from the humblest fisher man to the richest packer and shipper. Each one expresses opinions colored by his personal interests and criticises all who do not subscribe to them. As I side with none of them, but recommend what I consider for the best Interests of the salmon industry as such, and not simply for one set of men or another, the result is that all classes criticise me. I have made a report to the governor recom mending certain legislation, and in that report the reasons for the recommenda tions are plainly, and, I think, convinc ing, stated. They are not theories, but the results of a study of the subject by men who look at it from all sides and do not confine themselves to the narrow views of those who can see in it only what their selfish interests dictate. The contention that salmon entering the river early "loaf about" and are after ward caught Is known not to be true by all who have ever examined the sub ject. Those that enter first are the ones that go to the extreme headwaters, and In order to get there they have to make an early start and keep going. On this subject Dr. David Starr Jordan, presi dent of the Leland Stanford, jr., univer sity and the highest authority known on salmon, in a paper prepared for the state board of fish commissioners of Califor nia in 1S92, says: "On first entering a stream the salmon swim about as If playing. They always head toward the current and this ap pearance of playing may be simply due to facing the moving tide. Afterward they enter the deepest parts of the stream and swim straight up, with few inter ruptions. Their rate of travel at Sacra mento is estimated by Stone at about two miles per day; on the Columbia at about three miles per day. Those which enter tho Columbia in the spring and as cend to the mountain rivers of Idaho, must go at a more rapid rate than this, as they must make an average of neariy four miles per day." Speaking of the complete destruction of the spring run and the necessity for per mitting some of them to go to the spawn ing grounds at the headwaters of the rivers, he says: "A considerable num ber of qulnnat (chlnook) salmon run In August and September, and some strag glers even later; these are all which now keep up the supply of fish in the river. The non-molestation of this fall run, therefore, does something to atone for the almost total destruction of tho spring run. This, however, is unsufficlent. It Is a fact too well known to be dis puted by any person not Interested fox selfish reasons in catching fish all the spring, that he spring run goes to the headwaters and the summer and fall fish spawn in the strenms nearer thfr coast, and that many of them are too id..: io unu spawning grounds at all. ir We are COimr to dpnenr! nnnn natnral propagation at all, the spring run must ue ierauiieo. a cnance to ascend to the headwaters and must then be protected during the spawning season. This Is too Important a matter to be regulated to fit the business interests of any class of men. whether gill-net fishers, trap men, seiners, wheelowners, canners, shippers or fish market men. What Is wanted is a regu lation of the salmon industry that will preserve it to the state as a perpetual source of revenue. HOLLISTER D. M'GUIRE. A COURSE OF LECTURES. To Be Delivered This Week at Forest Grove. Rev. Frank H. Foster, Ph. D., D. D.. professor of thology in Pacific Theological seminary, Oakland, CaL, arrived here last Friday morning, and yesterday went to Forest Grove, where during the present week he will deliver a course of five lectures before Pacific university. Dr. Foster studied at the best schools of New England, graduating at Harvard college in 1S73, and at Andover seminary In 1S77. He spent the three years, 1S79 1SS2, In Germany In the study of theology, ph'losophy and history, graduating Ph. D. at Leipzig university in 1SS2. For eight years, 1SS4-1S92, he was professor of church history in tue theological de partment of Oberlin (O.) college, and Is now (since 1S92) professor of theology In the Pacific Theological seminary at Oakland, Cal. After a course of Gi lec tures on theology at Chicago Theological seminary in 1S94, he was honored by that Institution with the title ot D. D. The Idea of the course, as sketched be low, Is to explain the peculiar character istics of Protestantism by a somewhat extended historical view of Its origin and development: 1. Papal Europe: 440-1433 The growth of the papal power amid the political disorganization of the migration of the Teutonic peoples; alliance with the state, 800; development of papal absolu tion under Nicholas I. Gregory VII, In nocent III, Boniface VIII; growth of the monastic system; development of feudal ism; condition of religious life at the close of the period; of the empire; of learning. 2. The Period of Learning: 1453-1517 The reawakening in Italy; the fall .of Constantinople, and legacy of the Cru sades; the invention of printing and dis covery of America; the new learning In Germany; Erasmus; Reuchlin and Me lancthon; Humanism in the universities; return to Greek methods the beginning of Modern science; Copernicus; medicine; philosophy and theology; the modern spirit. 3. The German Reformation: 1317-1547 Martin Luther a product of Humanism; religious side of his beginnings; the heroic age. 1517-23; Swiss reformation; the clash at Marburg, 1529; effects of the separation on the fate of Protestantism; catastrophe at Carpel, 1531; Smalkald war; apparent triumph of Charles V, 1547. 4. The Larger Reformation: 1547-164S Slow recovery of Germany; Maurice and Charles; England; her conflict with Spain; the great armada, 15SS; gradual spread of Protestantism in Germany and Aus tria; rise of the Dutch; beginning of the Thirty Years' war, 1618; Wallenstein; Gustavus Adolphus; peace, 1648, almost reinstates papal absolution; internal his tory of Protestantism; growth of the forces of the intellect and heart. 5. Protestant Europe: 1G43-1S71 En gland, downfall of Charles I; Puritanism; restoration; Germany Growth of Prus sia; Frederick the Great; French Revolu tionNapoleon; humiliation of Prussia; battle of the nations at Leipzig, 1813; The years 1848 and 1866 The Franco Prussian war; the reign of Victoria; the French republic; William I, emperor of Germany; the essential difference of the papal and the Protestant ideas of the state and of life. The above lectures will be repeated be fore Whitman college, Walla Walla, be ginning next Monday, and it is hoped that arrangements can be perfected for their delivery in this city before Dr. Fos ter returns to California. THE LAXD GRAXTS. Mr. Dolph's Position in Regard to Forfeiture. The Salem Post, a populist, opposing Senator Dolph, recently said: "Senator Dolph Is opposed to the for feiture of unearned railroad lands. He says: 'Congress has not the power to forfeit these lands, but that the right lo them is vested in the railroads. Even if congress had the power to forfeit them it would be unjust and Inequitable to the railroad companies.' Now, we cannot see the force of this logic. If the railroads have not earned the lands according to the terms of the contract made with them and this is admitted we cannot see why the railroads should be treated differently from private Individuals." This is answered by The Dalles Tlmes Mounta'lneer with the following state ment, viz.: "Senator Dolph is not opposed to the forfeiture of unearned land grants, and the language quoted was used in reference to the" democratic bill which provides for the forfeiture of the land grant of tho Northern Pacific from Bismarck, Da kota; to its terminus on Puget sound. Congress did not have the power to for feit these lands, because the road had been completed and patents had been is sued. Besides, the title to the lands had passed to bonafide purchasers, and for feiture, under such circumstances, would have been a gross injustice. The for feiture of the Wallula-Portland land grant passed thesenate by means of the efforts of Mr. Dolph, and there never has been a bill introduced in congress in favor of un earned grants reverting to the public do main when Mr. Dolph has not championed the cause of the settler. These and other statements are manufactured by the ene mies of the senior senator from Oregon to secures his defeat, and are false in every particular. They are made use of by un principled political schemers to secure personal ends, and, perhaps, for personal gain." HELFLESS AXD HOPELESS. A Democratic Conptress Can Do Xoth- ing With the Finances. Washington Dispatch to Chicago Her ald, Dem. It Is understood the president is not much surprised or disappointed at the failure of the Carlisle plan, tor he was never very enthusiastic aboutthatscheme to reorganize the currency, but he is much chagrined at the failure of the democratic majority of tne house to har monize. No one seems to know what the administration will now do. There Is a revival of gossip concerning a special message from the president appealing to congress lo drop partisanship, and act with pure patriotism. By this time the president must know such an appeal may as well be made to the north wind. If the brief career of the Carlisle bill has taught any lesson it Is that the demo cratic majority of the house cannot agree upon any proposition whatever Involving the questions of currency and bonds. One, therefore. Is not suprised at the whispers which come from the presidential circle that Mr. Cleveland "does not know what to do next. For the present It Is understood he will do nothing, but it is not at all improbable that next week he will send to congress a ringing message asking for some action that will stop the operation of the endless chain and remove the danger of a gold famine. If this congress fails to act, as It probably will, then it is believed the president will call the next congress to meet in special session within a month of March 4. XBWS OF THE XORTJIWEST. Orcaron.' The Klamath County Star offers to take flour or grain on subscription at market prices. A fourth 59-stamp Crawford mill is be ing put in at the Red Boy mine. Baker county. Astoria will apply for a charter amend ment so that she can have a paid fire de partment. The town of Mount Angel Is being re surveyed and platted, and the city charter will be amended. Clatsop counts- saved $S000 in expenses during the last half of 1S94, as compared with the first half. Notices have been posted In Dallas for a school meeting to vote a, tax or to bor row money to pay off $1500 of floating debt. With the issue of last week the Oregon State Journal began its 31st year. It has been continuously edited by Hon. H. R. Klncald, who stands In the front rank of Oregon journalism. . The county court of Josephine has in structed the district attorney to bring a suit to enjoin the treasurer from paying $31o, In warrants drawn to pay for the cribs and approaches to the Rogue River bridge. The complaint has been filed and service made. For several weeks there have been re ports of loss of horses by stockmen In Rogue river valley from mountain fever. Last week on the Sampson creek range, near Soda Springs, six dead horses were foundin one day, four of them In a bunch. The animals were In good flesh and were undoubtedly victims of the disease. W. A. Silsby came Into Grant's Pass Sunday from the pass over the Siskiyou mountains, where he has been for some time supervising the work of keeping the road open for conveying the mall through to Crescent City. He says there has been a fall of 13 feet of snow during the past month, which has packed to about seven feet. During this time the malls have not missed a single day. A toboggan drawn by two mules has been in use for some time, and about a ton can be taken at each trip in this way, without difficulty. A. Copeland, Zenas Davis, Dan Hurl, N. L. Guilliams, and Gus Gerow, of To ledo, Lincoln county, are en route to Victoria, British Columbia, where they will be joined by Captain Anderson, of that pla&e, and secure an $2-ton schooner and employ the services of 23 seamen, and go to the coast of Japan on a sealing trip. They are old hands at the business and are well posted. The vessel will carry six small boats. The seal-hunters use or dinary Improved rifles and 10 and 12-gauge shotguns. The price of skins last year was about $3. but they do not expect to get over $2 50 this year. According to the Brownsville Times, the proposed new county to be carved out of Linn would be 19 by 70 miles, and the two counties would contain the follow ing: Value of property in incorporated towns and cities north of line, $2,221,733; south of line, $536,476; amount In country north of line, $3,189,631; south of line, $2,880,349; total amount in towns, cities and country north of line, $5,40S,170; south of line, $3,323,935; total amount of taxes at 13 mills, on towns, cities and country north of line, $81,122 50; south of line, $49. 839 02; total amount of taxable property in Linn county. $8,732,103; total amount of taxes at 15 mills, in Linn county, $130, 981 3S. Washington. The average number of pupils belonging to the Tacoma public schools is 4316. Mr. and Mrs. S. Zenor, of Montesano, celebrated their golden wedding Jan uary 9. Montesano Is asked to give a small bonus for a shingle mill of 100,000 daily capacity and a sawmill of 33,000 feet daily cut. The Business Men's Club has It under consideration. The grain men of Lincoln county met at Davenport, r January S. and-decided lO' send representatives to Olympia. to worJe for a reduced grain tariff. The farmers are Invited to meet January 19 and select a representative for the same purpose. The Whitman myth appears in four columns of the Chicago Inter-Ocean with Illustrations, by "L. W. B.," who is des ignated as "staff correspondent." How ever, as an advertisement of Whitman college It serves Its purpose and its his torical acuracy should not be too closely Inquired into. Olympia has reduced police patrolmen's salaries from $60 to $30, and in April will cut off one of the three men. The fire chief was reduced from $40 to $23 per month, the engineer and electrician from $S0 to $63, the driver from $C0 to $50, the street commissioner from $75 to $G0. The police justice will receive $100 a year with out fees, and city engineer, $3 a day when actually at work. PLEASANTRIES OF FARAGRAFHERS "A long, long ride, A girl beside, In a stylish sleigh Is nice!" He gayly cried. But how he sighed When he came to pay The price! New York Journal. Jagwell You can't get the truth out of a woman when you ask her how old sha is. Wigwag Oh, yes, you can. She usu ally tells you it's none of your business. Philadelphia Herald. "No money," said the editor. "For fireworks!" "Too bad!" Exclaimed the old delinquent; "No wonder you are sad. But cheer up still, my old-time friend, Nor let your mind be vexed; If you miss fireworks in this world. You'll strike 'em in the next." Atlanta Constitution. "What won't these city women do next, 'Smanthy ?Vhat's all this talk about nmbrella skirts?" "I never did see a man yet, Silas, that didn't make a fool of hlsself when he took to talkin' about wimin's fixin's. Common sense ought to have told you that they raised them skirts when It rains." Cleveland Ledger. He started bright and early on the blessed New Year's morn. And he swore with oath emphatic that he'd taken his last horn; He would join the truly upright and llva always free from blame. But before the morning's sun was up he was loaded just the same. First street fakir It's a shame, BUI, to think that any one would swindle a poor, hard-working man that way. Second street fakir Why, what's the trouble? First street fakir Here I worked hard for half a day painting up a sparrow into a red-headed Belgian canary, and I'm blowed If the feller I sold it to didn't give me a counterfeit half-crown for It. Tid-Bits. THE CHURCH XOTICE QUESTIOX. PORTLAND, Jan. 12. (To the Editor Permit me to express my perfect satis faction with the position you take this morning on the "Church Notice" ques tion. The liberty of free notices has been a great temptation to a large amount of self-praise, of which we have become weary, but of which, among our other sins, we have not been guilty. To check the silly practice was one reason, among others, that led me to Introduce that resolution In the ministers meeting. Your prices named are the same as I always paid in the Boston papers. I was never brought up to expect anything in this world for which I did not pay. and so free things are very distasteful to me. Thanking you for the position taken, and wishing it success, I am sin cerely. ROLAND D. GRANT. Foreign papers say that the report that Mile. Helene Vacarescu, whose broken engagement with the crown prince of Roumanla attracted world-wide attention, had been married Is erroneous. It seems that It was her cousin, the daughter of the court marshal, T. Vacarescu, who became the wife of Paul Catargl.