THE MOXtKIKG- 0&G0JSTIA3r, TVBSDAX , JAXHASY 1 iS95k 21 treme dimensions of which are 41x55 feet. This Trill be used as a. public lobby. A double row of granite columns surrounds the outside of the vestibule. These col umns are SO in number, and tbey are of polished stone, with spuare cut blocks making up the lower half of the shaft of each. Beyond these is a semi-circular row of scagliola columns. The floor of the vestibule is cf red and -white marble til ing, and the celling in .heavy panels of plaster. In the pediment just above the central entrance to the lobby is a carved shield on which may be chiseled the coat of arms of the city. From the lobby open four entrances, which lead into the main central hall. This hall is 50x68 feet in size, 16 scagliola columns being placed in the hall at ap propriate distances apatr. The floor is simi lar to that of the veMibule. On the north side of the hall are the staircases and elevators. Only one of the elevators in the building will be used at the present time. The staircases are of iron, while the balustrade and the elevator railings are cf highly ornamental copper and bronze. The entire walls of the hall and all the corridors have a wainscoting of white marble, which rises to a height of three feet. There is nofa gloomy corner in the entire structure. The two interior courts, by which light is admitted to the building, are on either sJde of the stalrcafces. The courts are faced with white enameled brick, and are covered by a copper-framed glass sky light. The entire ground floor is occupied oy the offices of the water committee. The public water office is reached by no less than three large entrances, one from the exterior and two frcm the wide corridors running from the main hall. This office '. 44x76 feet. A counter of polished oak runs the entire length of the office. The space for the public outside this counter is floored with marble tiles. Connected with the rt'hllc water office are rooms for clerks, draugh ting-room and office of the superintednent. Adjoining these rooms on the east tide is an apartment 16x22 feet, which is reserved for meetings of the water commission. The whole south end of the ground floor beyond the main hall and fronting on Jef ferson street is devoted to the boiler and engine-rooms, storerooms, etc The boiler room has a total length of 00 feet, with a width of 24 feet. It is provided with two boilers of 100-horsepower capacity each. The engine-room occupies a space 40x50 feet in size. It contains ventilating fans, a description of which will be found in a subsequent part of this article. This room also contains the engine (or driving the fans, and the pump for operating the ele vators. Ample storage for fuel is obtained in the space under the sidewalks on the south and west sides of that part of the building. In the wing on the southeast corner cf the ground floor are the offices of the fire department, with a separate entrance CITY HALL, from the court. There is a room, 16x20 feet, here for the Are commissioners. room 16x30 feet for the superintendent of fire alarm, office of the chief engineer 10x16 feet in size, and 'the main public office 20x24 feet. Adjoining these rooms is the battery-room, 21x40 feet. In this is placed the electric aparatus necessarily connected with a modern lire department. THE MAIX FLOOR. Thin Partiof the UnHtUn? Ik 'Reached J From Fifth. Street. - 1 NTRANCE to the main floor , I is gained from Fifth street through a covered carriage driveway. The entrance is fronted by 12 columns of pol ished granite, with square-cut blocks of the same stone, un polished about the lower hal of the shaft of each column. The driveway forming the en trance has a celling of very heavy panels of copper. Pass ing through the votibule the main central hall is reached by a flight of six marble steps. This vestibule is lOxli feet in size. It will have walls of Eschall lon marble. The ceiling is of polished oak in very heavy panel. The main central hall on this floor is 24x78 feet. It is decorated with 20 scagliola columns. On either side of the hall are the stairs and elevators, which serve all the floors in the building. Turning toward the rorth end of the building through the west corridor running from the main hall, the treasurer's office is reached. This covers a space of 24x62 feet. Outside the counters is a space for the public This has a floor of marble tiles. This space for the public is provided for in all the main offlce3. The polished cak counter is 40 feet In length, and counters slmlh r to this are In all the other offices. Adjoining this office- is the private apartment of the treasurer, 12x14 feet. 1 his contains a tw -story flre-proof vault. Just beyond the trecsurer's office, and reached also from the two main floors are the offices of the c.ty auditor. The public office is 40x50 fot in extent. Connected with the auditor's office are two large two-story vaults. The private office of the auditor Is 12x26 feet in extent. There are three rooms here for the ure of the cleiks and stenographers, the dimensions of each of these rooms being 12x18 feet. Adjoining the auditor s department is the room for the public rec ords. Tills is 16x12 feet in size. On the west side of the building, north of the entrance. Is the effice of the supe--Intendt-nt of streets, 24x27 feet in extent. Frc m this room entrance Is gained to the offices of the deputies, and also to the private office of the superintendent. The rooms for the deputies are 14x26 feet in size. The office of the superintendent jf r treels, 12x12 feet In s?ze. adjoins this. At the north end of the building, and ad joining the latter offices, is a draughting room. 20x26 feet in size, which is intended for the use of the superintendent of streets and the surveyors. From this room access Is had to a two-story vault, 12x30 feet In size, which is i-sed for the storage of maps and valuable documents. , On the court adjoining these offices are two rooms, each 16 feet square. These are for the use of the surveyors and superin tendent of streets. The surveyor's office. 24x2S feet, is at the northeast corner of the floor, with the entrance from the east corridor. A polished oak counter also runs through the center of this room, outsllc of which is the space reserved for the public. The surveyor's private office ad joining is 12x21 feet m size. At the east end of the main central hall of this floor is the entrance to the council ante-room, the extreme dimensions of which are 16x2S feet. Adjoining this is a toilet-room, 14x16 feet in siie. The council ante-room is wainscoted to a height of four feet with oak panels. At the east end of the main central hall, with entrances only from the council ante-room and room of public record, are the council cham bers. These occupy a beautiful seml-clr-rular apartment, 46 feet deep one way and 50 feet the other. The council chamber is directly over the semi-circular vostibuled entrance to the ground floor on the east side of the building. Light Is admitted to the council chamber by IS windows, which command a iew of the river and the magnificent stretch of country eastward. Including Mount Hood and the Cascade range. Around the walls cf this room are 4 elaborately ornament ed electric and gas fixtures. Over the cen ter of the chamber hangs a pendant chan delier, with fixtures for S5 electric and 56 gas lights. The entire room J finished In mahogany, with furniture of the same material for the mayor, clerk and- councll mcn. The front of the gallery which sur--ou&ds this room is decorated with plaster panels and 14 polished scagliola columns gjj which form a semi-circular colonade which supports the gallery. This leaves a space around the council chamber floor back of the councilmen's desks. The ceil ing of the chamber is SI feet high, the walls running up through the first and second floors. The gallery for the use of the public has a seating capacity of 360. The entrance to the gallery is from the second floor by two corridors from the central hall. THE SECOND FLOOR, And the Trro Stories AboveThe Pri vate Offices. T the southeast corner of the second floor is a suite of apartments for the mayor which consists of a public reception-room, 17x39 feet, may or's private office, 14x24 feet, and two small rooms. 12x16 feet. Connecting with this suite is a private staircase fcr .l.-. ?a rt 4Via marny -hlrh -s loaiiK to th auditor's depart ment. Connecting with these rooms is the mayor's official reception-room, 16x. 80 feet, which can be used also as a committee-room: This latter apartment is finished in mahogany, and wainscoted al most to the ceiling with ornamental cor nice. On the Madison-street side of the build ingandadjolningthe mayor's room are two rooms, each 16x18 feet. These are for the use of the city attorney: On the north end of this floor are apartments which make up a series of rooms for the use of the city council. These are en suite of eight rooms, each of which is 16 feet square Another large room, 24x30 feet, with direct access from the main central hall, will oe used as a committee-room for public hearings. The rest of the rooms on this floor arc as yet unassigned, but they can be used by the bridge commission, police commission. Port of Portland com mission, school board, and for other pur poses. They are well lighted and are pro vided with three two-story vaults which connect direct -w ith these apartments. The rooms on the third floor are ?r ranged around the main central hall, with wall flnish and toilet rooms similar to those of the floor belpw. The celling of. the main central hall of this floor js arched, and the hall is decorated with scagliola columns, as are all the balls be- iow. an connection wun me rooms on this floor are three large flre-proof vault. The third floor is not quite completed, but the building is so arranged that this work can be carried on without interfering in the least with the use of the building. On the west front of the building, out sldethe rooms of the third floor, is an open balcony or gallery, fronted by a colonnade of IS polished granite columns. The third is the top floor of the building, and, while it is designated as third, it is really three full stories above the floor on the Fourth-street side entrance. fl PORTLAND, OR. The toilet ac-ommodatlons of the build- ing are good. The main public toilet-room on the ground floor, and the four toilet rooms on the second and third floors two en each floor for men and two for women, have a wainscoting of white marble which rises to a height of seven feet. These are fitted with the latest modern plumbing fixtures. These toilet-rooms are located at the north and south ends of the in terior courts, from which light is admitted on both floors. The City Hall is flre-prcof throughout. the floors being constructed of steel beams w ith terra cotta arche3 leveled up with concrete, and finished with wood or marble tiled flooring. The roof is flat. being tarred and graveled ard constructed of the same supports as the Moors. It Is entirely surrounded by a stone balustrade with square pozts, and is decorated with carved stone urns at the corners. It wo'ild afford sin ideal promenade for a roof gar den. On the street line are stone balus trades, similar to that around the roof. Concrete sidewalks surround the building on each of the four streets. The floors of the courts are of artificial stene In the main central hall are four large hollow piers, running from the ground floor to the top of the building. These are utilized to carry the service wires for the electric lights and also to carry the gas mains of the building. Ladders are placed Inside the piers, and these run the entire length of each pier. They are for the con venience of the workmen. The fixtures for lighting throughout the building arc com bination electric and gas chandeliers and brackets., finished in old brass. The trim ming hardware is plain and substantial, and is also finished in old brass. The ar rangements for heat and ventilation are perfect. Under the east and west corri dors on the ground floor arc air ducts run ning the entire length of the halls. These convey fresh warmed air to all parts of the building. On each side of the engine room are two air chambers connected by galvanized Iron ductb with the outside of the building. Within these chambers :: a s-ystem of steam coils, through which the freslroutsldo air passes and becomes heat ed. The air next passes through an enor mous fan. which blows it with great force into the ducts described above. Through tnese ducts the air passes to all parts of the building. The plan of ventilating and heating the building provides heat and fresh air to all the looms, provisions hav ing been iriade for accommodating from 12G0 to 1503 people In the building at one time. MAYOR GEORGE P. FRANK. Of the younger element which has con tributed so largely to Portland's prosperity tm? Mryor fanRGF P Frank Photo by McAlpln C- LaiV. during the past decade is Hon. George P. Frank, the present head of the city gov ernment. Mr. Frank is a man of signal r.blllty in business, and it was his careful business training which has been a most important factor in the political success he has already attained. Mr. Frank has had nothing to gain from politics but the good-will of his fellow citizens, and his ad ministration of Portland's municipal af fairs during the short time be has held the rauyor's chair has demonstrated clear ly the necessity of placing business men of ability at the head of the city govern ment. Mr. Frank was born In Washington county. New York, June 11, 1SS8. He lived on a farm until he was li years -of age. He had the benefits of the training, afford ed in his early youth by the typical coun try school. In 1SS4 be removed from New York to Madison, Wis. In the latter state he took the full course at the state uni verslt . from which he graduatt-d in 1870. After .-.ur':.g h.s dir-lcnia he cntercJ the jfEvr v 43rrtf a&&jjs$? ""7 iPJ employ of the Chicago. Burlington & Qulncy Railroad Company, with which company he was connected for a term of four years. He next found employment with the Chicago & Northwestern, and located at his old home. In 1S75 he retired from the railroad business, which he had successfully followed for a number of years, and opened a large agricultural Im plement house in San Francisco, under the name of Frank Bros. & Co. This is today one of the largest agricultural implement and machinery houses of the coast. In the following year Mr. Frank came to Portland with the special view of estab lishing a branch house In this city. "Un der the management of Mr. Frank the Portland house has prospered, and an evi dence of his personal popularity and of the high esteem In which he Is held by his fellow citizens is seen in his elevation to the highest office within the gift of the city. Mr. Frank has always been active In the councils of the republican party of the state, yet he has never sought political preferment. He has been a member of the Portland .water committee for two years past, and on the death of W, S. Ladd, Portland's pioneer banker, Mr. Frank assumed the chairmanship of the construction committee, the important po sition so long filled by Mr. Ladd. Mr. Frank served for three years as police commissioner, and at the last city election in. June he was elected mayor of Portland by a handsome majority. The confidence reposed In Mr. Frank by the citizens of Portland can be better ap preciated when It Is stated that during the term of no former mayor of the city have the responsibilities connected with that office approached in Importance what they are today. The new city charter of Portland authorized by the last legislature practically gives the mayor entire charge of the municipal government. It is to the mayor that the people look as the head of municipal affairs, and the appointments for all the principal heads of the city de partments are in his hands. It ha3 been Mr. Frank's earnest aim since he assumed the mayoralty to closely guard the inter ests of the city, and that he has been al lowed to make the decided Innovations in the management of -be city's business which the demands of the stringent times have made necessary, w Ithout the protest of the people who elected him. Is more than satisfactory evidence that his course hag met with the hearty approval of everybody interested in Portland's pros perity. FRANK HACHENEY. A treasurer of the city of Portland who has handled the public funds placed in his hands In the same careful manner that the conservative business man guards his finances is Mr. Frank Hacheney, the present incumbent of this important of fice. In the performance of his duties as city treasurer Mr. Hacheney has even gone much further than was perhaps ever done before by any city treasurer on the coast, and in maintaining the city's credit during the troublesome times of the panic of 1S93, by giving his personal security to obtain funds to carry on the municipal government, he performed an act that the people promptly decided entitled him last June to re-election to this same office by one of the largest majorities accorded any candidate on the republican ticket. Mr. Hacheney has been a resident of Portland, with the exception of the time he was In Eastern Oregon, since the spring of 1860. Portland at that time was a small town of about 6000 population, and it gave but little promise of ever becoming the metropolitan city it is today. Mr. Hach eney carefully studied the situation here, however, and, while he had confidence in the future growth of the place, yet he saw clearly that he could find an easier road to fortune in some of the smaller towns of the Interior. Soon after reaching Portland he completed arrangements to go into business at Canyon City, in Grant county. Canyon City was then a prosperous gold, minlng center, and it afforded Mr, Hach eney a splendid fiejd for the dlsplay.of his ability. He remained In business -there until 1S70, when he disposed of.-his inter- Photo by aiclpln & Lamb. csis In Canyon City and removed to Port land. At that time the leading grocery house of Portland was conducted by Oatman & DeLashmutt. On Mr. Hacheney's re turn to Portland, he purchased the inter est of Mr. DeLashmutt In the firm of Oat man & DeLashmutt- The following year Mr. Oatman disposed of his interests in the firm to Mr. Stemme, and fcr many years the house of Hacheney & Stemme was the leading retail grocery firm of Portland. In 1SS5, after he had amassed a competency, Mr. Hacheney on account of ill health was compelled to retire from active business. Since that time, however, he has taken an active part in the direc tion of Portland's affairs, and, as before stated, he has earned the confidence of everybody interested in the city's pros perity. In 1SS3 Mr. Hacheney was elected a member of the common council. He served in this capacity for three years. It was during this time that he displayed such signal fitness for public life that at the expiration of his term in the council he was elected to the important office of treasurer of Multnomah county. In 1SS0 SL!j "TSK! Jr :aM?. 5 -a by a handsome majority at the following i .-.. y .l w. wt..u, u.uu .c m ticvicu June election. Mr. Hacheney is today in vigorous health, and he gives promise of long years of successful effort ahead of him. A. N. GAMBELL. Mr. A. N. Gambell. Portland's popular city auditor, was born in the state of Ver mont in 1S41. Jn,.lSS0 he removed to Cali fornia and located at Auburn, Placer county, where he resided until 1S09, when he removed with his family to Bellingham A.IM.-GfifviBELL. Pboto by jIcAlpin & L&inb. Bay, Wash. At the latter place he took charge of the large store of the Belllng hamjSay Ccal Company. Mr. Gambell first came to Portland In 1871, and ho has made his constant home here s'-nce that time. He soon made friends , ,, j Frank Hacheney. ' after he took up bis residence In this city, j and, recognizing his ability, they secured him the appointment In 1373 to the import ant position of deputy collector of Internal revenue, which position he filled success fully until 1S79. On Mr. F. X. Shurtletfs appointment to the office of collector of customs for this port, Mr. Gambell was selected by the new collector as one of his chief deputies, a position he held during Mr. ShurtlefTs entire term of office. In 1833 Mr. Gambell was honored by the republican convention with the nomina tion for city auditor. He was elected to the office at the following election by a large majority. In 1S94 he was renomi nated to the same office by the republi cans, and was re-elected by the decided majority of 2300 ever his opponent. R. R. GILTNER. A Portland boy who has attained dis tinction in the legal profession is Hon. R. R. Giltner, the efficient city attorney. Mr. Giltner was prepared for Yale college in the Portland high school by Professor J. TV". Johnson. He has lived in Portland since 1S60. He graduated from Yale col leg In 1SS1, and was admitted to the prac tice of the law In 18S3. Since he first hung out his shingle at his modest little law office in this city, he has been recognized as one of the most promising young attor neys of the state, and the success he has already attained is evidence of the quali ties he possesses, which will doubtless en able him to earn a place among the great lawyers of the state. Mr. Giltner has been a close student, and his ability was recognized by the last republican convention, which tendered him the nomination for the" important office of city attorney. At the following election he was elected by a handsome majority over his opponent. Since assum ing the responsibilities of office he has been asked to give his- opinion on some of the most subtle questions of law that were ever submitted to any previous incum bent. In construing the terms of the new charter many difficulties have been en countered, and the responsibility of pass ing opinion with the view of a definite set tlement of these questions has fallen alto- R.R.GlLTNEFV Photo by McAlpln & Lamb. gether on Mr. Giltner. That his decision in no case has been contested is evidence of his ability and of his fairness in com ing to conclusions, and the record he has already made in the office of city attorney has earned for him a distinction which is enjoyed by but few young attorneys of the coast. T. M. HURLBURT. A- Portland boy who has attained dis tinction as a civil engineer is Mr. T. M. Hurlburt, the present city surveyor. Mr. Hurlburt was born In Iowa in I860. He came to Portland with his parents in 1S70, and was educated-"in the local public schools. From 1S77 to 1SS5 his services were devoted enttrely:taarallroad engineer-, ing; he-having'tfeenikntpl&y.ea during--that lmiii' Vi-fri!fiorVTnr. r-lfVvrho T?iiiiAvi- CbmpanyvChb'w thoT60uthehriPacific)ibnl the West Side exteiisioii frdnr St: Joseplut to,Crvallls. ficVv3rkeuvb"h thectfaWrn uiinn.il xruiii jiiuaiiy iu Xjeuanuii, anu inc Southern Pacific's extension from Rose burg to the state line. He was also em ployed on the Northern Pacific line in the neighborhood of the famous Stampede tunnel. In May, 1SS5, Mr. Hurlburt was appoint ed city surveyor of East Portland, now a part of consolidated Portland. He held the office until he was elected to the more Important trust of county surveyor In 1SS6. He filled the office In a most satis factory manner until July, 1831, when he resigned to accept the office of city sur veyor of consolidated Portland. Mr. Hurl burt was re-elected to this position at the last June election by-a large majority. At the request of the Portland water commission, Mr. Hurlburt explored the source of the Bull Run river in Septem ber. 18SS, thus settling the vexed question of the purity of the water now supplied the city. He made the railroad survey for the projected line from Goble to Asto- T M Hurlburt. Photo by McAIpin & Lamb. ria a route running, down the west bank of the Columbia river. This survey set tled the question of the practicability of the route. TlrVillf AT,. TTt,l!ll1-f nnccfieeao oil Vrt a!a . I i i... . ssfiratm s; ,. cnrv,n-nr tbnt has nrnvprl his strnnir. est recommendation to the taxpayers of the city and county, who have repeatedly favored him with their suffrages. Thor oughly in earnest in any work he Tinder takes, he is justly entitled to the distinc tion he has attained as a civil engineer and surveyor. J. L. POOLE. Two of the greatest abuses heaped on a tolerant public are the adulterations of food products and the practice of dealers of giving short weights of certain articles of every-day consumption where full weights are paid for. The question of wood alone is one of the greatest import ance. Heretofore all wood brought into the city was S feet 4 Inches and 3 feet 6 Inches In length. Now all wood dealers are compelled to carry 4-foot wood, there by stopping a very malicious practice. A dealer who sells by short weight practices the same degree of fraud as any impostor who obtains money under false pretenses, and it was the abuse of the quantities of goods sold by unscrupulous dealers to un suspecting customers, which allowed short weights to be given through the tamper ing with the counter scales, that led the city some time since to appoint a city sealer of weights and measures. This of ficial Is held directly responsible for the accuracy of dealers' scales and measures, and the creation of this office has proved of direct benefit to every householder and legitimate dealer In Portland. No greater recommendation of a man's honesty could be given than his appoint ment to the position of a sealer of weights and measures. The man who can bo ex pected to fill this office at all satisfacto rily must be a man whose honesty Is above question. In the selection of Mr. J. L. Poole as the flrst? incumbent of this responsible position In Portland en excel lent appointment was made. He Is a gen- jKpz- p tleman who has had a thorough education in mercantile pursuits, and he carries the highest indorsement of every firm with whom he was ever connected. He was born in Newark, N. J., in 1864. He grad uated from Seton Hall college, after which he entered an active business life He traveled for some of the largest houses in the United States, during which time he built up a large and valuable acquaint ance Mr. Poole first reached Portland in 1837. He was prominently connected with the Portland Preserving Company for a time, after which he accepted a responsi ble position with the well-known whole sale house of Mason, Ehrraan & Co. When the office of city sealer of weights and measures was created for Portland in 1802, Mr. Poole's name was the most prom inent one mentioned for the position, and, recognizing his special fitness for the place, he was given the appointment. It J.L.PO0L&. Photo by McAlpln &. Lamb. has been through the earnest efforts of Mr. Poole that the merchants of Portland have been put on an equal footing regard ing the matter of selling goods by weight, and every scale used by dealers in Port land today bears the official seal of the city, attached by Mr. Poole himself. Mr. Poole has the hearty support of the pub lic in his position, and so fairly and fear lessly has he performed his duties that he has gained the united good-will of the public and dealers alike. E. J. FLOYD. Mr. E. J. Floyd, the present efficient in spector of plumbing and drainage in Port land, was born in England in 1S3L In all the old countries plumbing Is studied as one of the arts, and the apprenticeship Mr. Floyd served in the mother country adrairably fitted him for his future suc cessful career in the United States. He came to America in April, 1870, and at once secured work here at his trade of plumbing, steam and gasfitting. He spent some years at Youngstown, O., and in 1SS3 came to Portland. On his arrival here he was appointed to a responsible position in charge of the Westinghouse air brakes, with which the cars of the entire South ern Pacific are fitted. He remained in this position for three years, when he pur chased the leading plumbing business of Sturm & Smith, of this city. Since that time Mr. Floyd has conducted this busi ness In a most successful manner under the firm name of E. J. Floyd. Mr. Floyd's appointment by Mayor Frank as Inspector of plumbing and drain age was a most fitting recognition of his special adaptability fcr the position. Every plumber doing business here is compelled to have a certificate on each piece of work he handles, showing that in every particular on the work In question he has fully conformed to the city ordinances on plumbing. This is an absolute assurance to the people of the city that no careless plumbing can be done. Since Mr. Floyd was made, inspector of plumbing and drainage of Portland he,iias,given his per- sonal attention to every pieceof -plumbing Pi importance aone in me city, anu, wun r : ' : F: J.Royp. Photo by McAlpln & Lamb. the great care he exercised in watching all plumbing work, the people are con tent in the knowledge that during his in cumbency of the office no plumbing that is in the least inimical to the health of the city will be attempted. COLD WEATHER HINTS. Care for Little Thins "Will Save Large Fuel liills. "I sold that man 18 tons of coal last winter, and he burned it in a 10-room house," said a coal dealer to the New Yerl. Ledger, indicating a customer who had just left the place. "And the J interesting part of it all is that half 111U.L iiiuuuiii, nuu;u iia.tj uiiivcicu every purpose, if the man had gone to the trouble and expense of a few trifling repairs and additions about the prem ises. The price of two tons of coal would have put the place in good order and saved him a good deal of monev. Of course, it is none of my affair, save that dn general principles I dislike to see any one do things that he cannot afford. In this case, the family have none too much of this world's goods, and the $40 or $50 they might have saved on fuel could have been much, better expended in some other direc tion." The coal-dealer's remarks might be applied in more cases than one. It is no unusual thing to see houses with loose, rattling windows, .great cracks around the doors, baseboards that have shrunken away from the floors, and nil sorts of slipshod management that means an enormous consumption of fuel, with little of the corresponding advantages that one has a right to ex pect. Any house that has been built for any number of years should be care fully looked over upon the approach of cold weather, and all the crevices and cracks should be closed. This is but the most trifling expense when reg ularly attended to. There are bits of molding and strips of wood that come expressly for such purposes, and any one who can handle a saw or drive a nail can put them in place. A great deal of cold comes in around windows and through cracks in the wall. Whenever the house is papered, en extra roll of paper should be put away, then in case it should be neces sary to close a joint between the plaster and the casing, it may Oe done with cement or plaster of paris, and the patch neatly covered with a bit of paper matched on so accurately that it will never be observed. Wood or paper pulp and plaster of paris make a cement that will swell in drying and fill ordinary spaces in woodwork. A mixture of this sort, with a little glue added, is invaluable to keep-out drafts and save fuel, and every economical and prudent householder should become an expert fn the management of coW weather fittings. o Hood's Sarsaparilla is a reliable medi cine If sou have neier tried it, do so now. ?T v" THE BICYCLES 0F;"'95 THE IXXOVATIOXS MADE IX WHEELS THIS TEAR. The Bedded. Cat In Prices The Silent Steed Is Now Within the Reach. ef AH People Who Will Hide. HE efforts which have been made by the lead ing bicycle houses of Portland during the past few years to place bicycle-riding on the pedestal of popular fa vor have been in the In terests of the seller of wheels and the general public alike. The remarkable hold bicycle-riding is gain ing on the American people has been due di rectly to the Improve ment in the materials of which bicycles are now made. In the old ordinary (the high wheel), weights of less than from SO to To pounds were unknown. With the advent of the safety came the drop of probably four or five pounds in weight. So firmly convinced, however, were the public and the bicycle manufacturers alike, three years ago, of the impossibility of making a serviceable wheel under 43 pounds weight for all-around use by the general rider that a bicycle which a man could lift easily In one hand was regarded as a marvel. In 1893 the leading manufactur ers turned out road wheels weighing from 33 to 40 pounds, and they did this with considerable misgiving of these wheels standing up during the season. In 1S94 the weights of road wheels ranged from 26 to 32 pounds, and even the bicycle men themselves were surprised at the general satisfaction these wheels gave under the hardest usage even over the roughest roads of thecountry. The weights of wheels for road use during the present year will run from 22 to 26 pounds, ard for special wheels for heavy or extremely tall men the weights will run from 26 to 30 pounds. Ladies' wheels during the present year will be made of as low weights as 0 pounds, in diamond frames. Nobody who Is not an expert rider can appreciate the full enjoyment of cycling. There is a certain exhilaration in skating which appeals to young and old alike, but with from twice to three times the speed attained in skating a speed that Is easily made on the wheel under ordinary condi tions bicycle-riding possesses a fascina tion which does not attnch to any other means of locomotion. The possibilities of a bicycle in the hands of anybody who can ride well can be appreciated from the statement that scores of wheelmen leave the city every Sunday during the summer months and easily ride from 50 to 100 miles during the day without any great fatigue. Enthusiastic nimrods or hunters leave Portland late Saturday night or early Sunday morning, reach their fishing grounds at distances from the city vary ing from 20 to 40 miles in time to enjoy a good day's sport, and are back home again on Sunday evening. The pneumatic tire renders riding a wheel over ordinary roads as comfortable an undertaking as a long journey in the best upholstered seats of the modern Pullman, and the man who has once hardened his muscles to bicycle-riding will never experience the fatigue that the apparent necessary ex ertion on the wheel would seem to en courage. The first ride on a bicycle is sometimes taken with misgivings on the part of the rider, but if the beginner Is not too timid a partial control over the wheel.ls gained In the first hour, with the assistance of a practical teacher. The second lesson en courages confidence, and after a few more trials the average beginner can safely trust himself to ride on business thor oughfares. The secret of riding "is confidence first and speed second. The novice when he is threatened with a fall, Invariably turns his handle bars the wrong way. After he becomes a little more experienced he still slacks his speed Instinctively in place of going faster, as all good riders do when they get into tight places. A sug gestion to riders that will prove of Incal culable benefit to them Is to distribute the weight evenly between the seat and the handle bars. A rigid position on the wheel jars the spinal column, it subjects the rider to every trifling jolt and it develops the legs only. Putting the weight heavily on the handle bars allows the rider to instinctively rise from the seat, which all good riders do, in passing over rough places, It gives a man a perfect control over his wheel, which he could obtain in no other way, and it develops tne muscles ot the arms and chest to a remarkable degree. Putting the weight on the handles at first is a little hard on the hands and wrists, just as rowing to a beginner might be, but this trouble is soon overcome and it is surprising how soon a rider becomes fairly expert who will learn to ride right in the first place. Bending the body from the hips, too, as Is necessary, to throw the weight on the handles, does not bend the back, for the line of the spine is straight and the best authorities also agree that a correct po sition on the wheel as outlined above, rather expands than contracts the chest. No man who rides a bicycle systematically and who has fair lungs will ever incur pulmonary disorders of a serious type, and any party who rides a wheel as it should be ridden will find that it is a direct bene fit to his general health. There is one ar gument regarding resting the weight of the body heavily on the handle bars that cannot be disputed. This Is that no rider who assumes an erect position can ride asphalt-paved streets or Belgian blocks during the winter months with any de gree of safety, and all the accidents that have ever occurred in Portland from rid ing on wet streets have happened to those who ride as though they were posing for a piece of statuary with the thought up permost in their minds that they were going to tumble, a catastrophe that the position and the lack of confidence al ways invite. In the present article no attention will be paid to the racing wheels, for the reason that the light racing wheels are of no special interest to the general rider. It may be stated, however, that racing wheels this year will be made of as low weights as 12 pounds, while the average weight will run from 13 to 20 pounds. Tandems, to a certain extent, are pop ular, yet the prevailing low prices of wheels for single riders rather tend to en courage -the latter machines. The price of the highest grade wheels this year will be $100, with prices of $123 for a few spe cial wheels. Wheels will be sold as low as $60, and moderate priced wheels wilt run from $75 to $90. The improvements this year in wheels are reduced weights, narrower treads, the tread now ranging from 4i to 6t: inches, and other improve ments of note will be the absence of brakes, which are unnecessary, adjust able handle bars, detachable tlre3 and greatly improved cranks. The prevailing rims will be wood, which impart not only a fine finish to a wheel but which also reduce weight at the same time that they add strength. The frames are high and the general make-up of the '03 mod el Is In the line of beauty, while it also adds directly to the strength, in favor of this year's patterns over the prevailing types of wheels for 18S4. Under the following head will be found a list of the leading bicycle houses of the city and the special advantages they are able to offer patrons this year in the mat ter of improvements over the old models of last year. RAMBLER BICYCLES Represented by the Freil T. Merrill Cycle Company. The Fred T. Merrill Cycle Company are pioneers on the Pacific coast In this par ticular line of business, and are known throughout the United Spates, from U.e T j Atlantic to the Pacific. At different unes iney nave nanaieu all tne ieaaing wheels and from the thorough knowl edge gained through practical experience have chosen the famous "Rambler one of the oldest, best, and most widely known wheels in America. Mr. Merrill takes particular pride in the 1893 models, with new wood rim and double-locking clincher tire. Only three of the models have yet ar rived, the No. 11, with 32-Inch wheels, "for tall people;" the No. 12, at 26 pounds, and the No. 14, at 22 pounds. The Racer -will weigh 15 pounds, ladles' model "E." 20 pounds, and model "D," 23 pounds. Gentlemen's wheels will have 21, 23 and 23-inch frames. No punctures in "Ram bler" tires this season, said Mr. Merrill, as the company has not adopted a "hose pipe" tire. At this juncture, he mounted a 22-pound wheel and rode over a paper of tacks, which one of his trained em ployes had scattered over the salesroom floor, nicking up no less than 30 or 40 tacks, many of them being buried to the head in the tire, without causing a sin gle puncture. The public may expect a regular "cycling circus" in Portland dur ing the next few months, but you can safely count on the "Rambler" being the center of attraction. They will sell a line of wheels, either of wood or steel rims, from $45 up to $100. and tandems at $150. Good safeties for ladles or gentle men, with wood rims and clincher tires. 26 and 2S-lnch, at $53 and $63; arso steel finish "Ramblers" at $73. Ladles' and gen tlemens copper-rimmers, at $S3, and the latest and highest models at $100. ThU G. & J. CL1XCRER TIRE AXD WOOD RI)r Aq Rags, So Strings, So Qlue, So Cement, So Profanity). company are not buying up any of the amateur (?) racing men, but will win their races with class A, pure amateurs. The company employs 60 of the most reliable agents in the Northwest, and with such men and such a wheel as the "Rambler," propose to remain where they have always been in the lead. OVERMAN AYIIEEL COMPAO." Offer the Finest Selection, of lHcyeIc.4 in Portland. The 1S93 "Victor" is offered to the pub lic as the best product of the best bicycle factory In the world. It is a marvel of mechanical science and skill. Light weight, narrow tread, large crank hanger with hollow axle, one piece rear hub and sprocket wheel, direct tangent spokes, Victor pneumatic tire, either double or single tube, frame in five different heights, fitting from 23-inch to 40-Inch leg measure. The ladies "Victoria," with fitting saddle, in two-height frames and light weight, is the Queen of Safeties. "Victors" are built to ride and wear, and are made as good as it is possible to make them. "Victor" double-tube tire Is the only tire made with the tube remova ble through the rim. This is its fourth year without change. Other makers have to change their tire once or twice every year In an effort to get them right. Vic tors are right. No bursting out the rim, ho rolling or creeping. Buy the best. They are within everybody's reach, as the price for 1893 wheels, Including the "Racer," will be $100. At that figure no person can af ford to buy-an inferior wheel at any price. All kinds of work is done here without sending to the factory, which would de prive you of the use of the wheel for one or two months if it was sent East. Buy your bicycle from a responsible firm, able and willing to do right at all times. Take no chances and make no mistakes. Ex amine the full line of "Victors" before de ciding on your mount. Victor pad desk calendar for 1893 will be sent by mail for five 2-cent stamps. A. RECORD-BREAKER. The Stearns "Wheel a. Favorite" Among: ExpertM. Where is there a person interested in the health-giving and enjoyable exercise of bicycling who has not heard of the famous "Stearns wheel"? And where the bicycle enthusiast who has not read of the world's record-breaker, John S. Johnson, who has performed his remarkable feats of speed on the world's greatest wheel, "The Stearns"? The Stearns wheels for 1895 are models of strength and beauty combined, and the manufacturers have made Improvements wherever it was pos sible. They are light In weight, easy run ning, narrow tread (4 inches), double fork crown, three heights frame, and the price is only $100. The Stearns special racer (Yellow Fellow), which sells this year for $123, is perfection itself, and It 13 doubtful if any Improvement can possibly be made in this gem. Remember the only place in Portland where you can purchase a Stearns is at 330 Washington street. This concern will also handle "Clevelands," which require no Introduc tion to the public of this coast, as their merit i3 admitted by everybody who knows a good thing when he sees it. Examine the "Stearns" and "Cleveland" before purchasing: JIABIGHORST & CO. Agents for the Celebrated Colombia' BIcycIeK. Habighorst & Co., agents for the cel ebrated Columbia bicycles, can be found at their new quarters, northwest corner of First and Alder streets, with a full line of wheels about February 1. This pop ular wheel needs no Introduction, as It Is recognized the world over as the stand ard In both quality and price. The Co lumbia for 1S93 will have more radical changes and improvements than any oth er wheel on the market. Their line ml prices are as follows: Columbia, SIO1; Hartford (which is the equal of any w hel made), $80; Wizard, a good, reliable wheel, $30 to $C0. A repair shop will be found in connection with the bicycle department; also a complete line of bicycle sundries. AH men in charge of the various depart ments will be found both competent and popular. (Eagle) Seaaot Brothers. Seaquest Bros., corner Sixth and Pine streets, are agents for the Eagle wheel3. This wheel will have aluminum rims, large taper tubing, reinforced cold-swaged frame, 3 to 3 Inch tread. Dunlop, G. & J. and M. & W. tire?, weight from 17 to 23 pounds. Aluminum mud and dress guarus and trimmings for the ladies' wheel. Not one aluminum rim broken or replaced la the record. The Eagle Is the handsomest wheel on the market. Odd Electric Appliance. A Manchester (England) man carries on his person a complete pickpocket alarri system. Removal of his watch, pin or other jewelry causes the ringing of a bell. The electric plant weighs 22 ounces. m A Weak Thing-. Kansas City Journal. With Vest advocating cloture and Voor- hees shedding his cuckoo plumage, it nrist be plain to everybody that something has come oer the state.