THE HORSTISTG OREGOIOASr, TUESDAY, -JASTJAM: 1, 1893.
15
A STORAGE
Vast "Water Power Afforded, "by tlie
jPalls of tlie 'Willarnette.
OREGON CITY AS A MANUFACTURING CENTER
One of tlie Oldest Cities in Oregon Prosperity of the Place Even
During: the Greatest Stringency in the t
Money Markets.
R.EGON CITY, even
during: the depression
of 1S33, steadily pros
pered. Nothing
shows to better ad
vantage the general
prosperity -which the
place has enjoyed
during the past 18
months than the big
sums of money which
have been spent here
in that time for public improvements.
This activity has been due to the fact
that Oregon City Is the seat of some of
the greatest manufacturing industries of
the coast industries that give steady em
ployment to a large number of hands, and
which regularly disburse vast sums of
money in wages. This is distinctly a
center of population, whose people are
supported by the manufacturing indus
tries located here, and it is the Tegular
payment of salaries to the hundreds of
employes in the local factories which has
insured Oregon City a freedom from the
results of the general depression, which
has been felt in all lines of business
during the latter part of 1893 and in the
early months of the present year. All
the factories at Oregon City are now
running on full time, and tbe orders al
ready received insure these industries being
run to their full capacity for some time
in the future.
One of the most iotable Improvements
made at Oregon City since the first day
of July, 1S33, was the paving of the main
street for a distance of 20 blocks, nearly
one mile, with vitrified brick, covered
with a coating of asphaltum. This won;
was accomplished at a cost of 543,000. J
The principal business street of the city
is today one of the best paved and most
popular thoroughfares of any interior
point in the Willametto valley. In tlie
summer of 1893 a public school building
was also coipfctructed at a cost of $12,003.
This, with tile other modern school struc
tures of the place, afford ample accommo
dations to meet every demand for popular
instruction. In addition to the improve
ments noted above, considerable sums
of money have been expended In other
improvements of a public nature, and
this money has all been spent with the
view of the future important position Or
egon City is to occupy among the great
manufacturing centers of the coast.
The vast sums of money, however, which
have been laid out at Oregon City dur
ing the past few years have been made
by private corporations, who have been
brought to the point of realizing the im
portance of the shores of the Willamette
river in the vicinity of the falls as bites
Tor the establishment of manufacturing
industries on a large scale. The Port
land General Electric Company have al
leady expended no less than 51,500,000 on
the Immense power station and other im
provements here, and the contemplated
cost of completing this plant, which will
be the largest and most complete electric
generating plant on the coatt. and one
of the largest in the United States, will
be about $300,000 more. All the elec
tric lights of Portland. 12 miles dis
tant, are run by power supplied by the
plant of this company at Oregon City.
In addition to furnishing electric lights,
the planis of the company also contempla
supplying the principal power used for
operating the factories at Portland. ires
for the transmission of this electrkal
energy are nlicady strung between Orc-g-on
City and Portland, and the company
confidently expects to be able to supply
this power in large quantities to patrons
by April 1. 1S85. A full description of
this great plant will be found in another
part of the present issue, and a careful
htudy of the article will give some valu
able information on the industrial de-
it lopment of the cities of the state and of
the held afforded here for the Investment
of capital in large sums. !
The transportation facilities of Oregon j
City arc unequaled. Electric cars run easily available for the purposes of sup
between this point and Portland every plying power.
40 minutes during the day. and in addition, j The formation of the banks of the
"le city has direct connection with Ore- river immediately below the falls espe
gon's metropolis by the Southern Pacific cially favors the location of factories.
railroad, and by the numerous lines of ' The banks are of solid rock, on which the
steamboats which ply on the Willamette i abrasions of the rushing waters for cen
nvcr from Portland south through the ' turles have left no perceptible trace, and
a alley of the same name. A new line of . a factory once built on this foundation
tlcvtric road has been completed during of basalt will stand for ages. These
he past IS months from Oregon City to banks In the Immediate vicinity of the
he townslte of Willamette Falls. 2 j falls afford ample room for all factories
miles i-outh. on the western bank of th that will ever be located here, and the
river. This road is operated by the level- j generous terms offered by the company
opment department of the Portland Gen-' owning these sites will especially eneour-
ernl Electric Company. It was built at
It at I
well J
a total cost of $40,000, and It is
1RFF SI SPLXSIOX BRIDGE, ORE30X CITY.
cor.siruvted and fu!ly equipped with a '
o.e lot of rolling stock. The town of
"Willamette Falls s well laid out. and rc-l-
uent.s have all the advantages of electric i
ights. sewers and a water works plant
fcleh pump; an abundant supply of the
puiist water from in adjacent spnng.
THE 111G FACTORIES.
All
Run
by "Water-Power Afforded
by the Vail.
lid great factories at Oregon
City are row running to their
fult capacity, as before state.,
jiving employment to a large
number of hands. Most of
these factories are operated
both day mid night. The wool
en mill, k cated here, is one f
the oWt st factories of the state
This single plant gives employ
ment to WO hands. The Wil
lamette Pulp & Paper mill. ak
running day and night, employs
i hands, and 260 additional men are fwr-
t.cheU steady work in the forests lining
h' b&Jtftg of the Upper Willamette and
Low er Columbia rivers getting out the
tn ' er which fumishta the raw mater al
mm
OF ENERGY
used by this great plant. The supply of
cottonwood, from which the best fiber for
ordinary grades of paper is made, as
well as the fir. is obtained from the timber
belt along the Upper "Willamette, while
the spruce used in the mill is cut out of
the forests lining the Columbia river.
The power for running part of the
plant of this company is obtained
from electricity, which is gen
erated in the upper mill of the com
pany, distant about cne-fourth of a. mile
from the principal factory. The use of
electrical power by this company is some
thing of an experiment, and their plant
at Oregon City is the only one of the
kind in the world in which recourse :s
had to electricity as n. motive power.
Thtf results of this experiment thus far
have been satisfactory, and the company
will make no changes in the matter of
supplying motive power for their plant
here.
The only grades of peper manufactured
at the present time by the Crown Paper
Company are manilla and straw. This
company, however, has recently leased
a site at Barlow's station, a point on the
line of the Southern Pacific railroad, about
10 miles south of Oregon City, where a
mill will be erected to manufacture pulp,
which will enable the company to make
news paper on a large scale at their Ore
gon City plant.
In addition to the factories enumerated
above, there are established at Oregon
City two of the largest flouring mills In
the state, a complete ice-manufacturing
plant and a number of other factories,
whose product finds a sale in all parts
of the Pacific northwest.
An indispensable adjunct of manufactur- J
MANUFACTURING DISTRICT, OREGON CITY.
lag on a large scale at Oregon City is the J
vast power afforded by the falls of the i
Willamette at this point. The importance j
of this power can be appreciated when it j
is stated that the entire body of the I
river makes a vertical plunge of 42 feet I
over the ledge of basaltic rock which
forms the great dam here. There is no
side channel, which allows the water to
rush downward, forming a series of rap
ids, which are so difficult to control in
the development of power. The high
banks on both sides of the river at Ore
gon City effectually keep the waters of
the stream within the narrow limits ot
3000 feet, which causes it to take the
vertical drop over the great dam. At the
lowest stage of water in the Willamette
the horse-power generated by the falls at
Oregon City is 60,000 to SO.000. and the Port
land General Electric Company confi
dently expect to be able to increase this
available power by the completion of
the great improvements they have inaug
urated here to 100,000 horse-power. This
is the greatest water power in the world
at tide water, and the entire body of
water making the plunge here can be
COVRTIWVSE, OltEGOX CITY.
age the erection of larg? industrial plants
at Oregon City, just as these liberal
terms have appealed to capitalists In the
patt.
EARLY SETTLEMENT.
And the Later Development at This
Point.
REGON CITY was settled even
before the first hardy immi
grants made the perilous jour
ney across the plains to take
un their hemes in the fertile
'section ot the Willamette val
ley. As early as 1S29 the head
of the Hudson's Bay Company
weut of the Rocky mountain?.
Dr. John McLoushlfn. ioo':
possession of the tract of land on whk-n
Oregon City was afterward built. Al
though possessing unlimited powers in
dispensing justice In the vast region then
included within the limits of Oregon, he ,
was a. just roan, and he enjoyed the
friendship and esteon of alt the early
pioneers. The first settlement at Oregon
City by citisens of the United States was
j raade ta 1542. S.
Dr. McLougblin
W. Moss, employed by
laid out the towasite.
; For a number of years subsequent, Ore-
' con City was the capital cf the territory
rM-;,S5?--wissp
- r- -
of Oregon, and it was the principal set-
tlement in the Northwest. Since that
time other important centers of popula
tion have sprung up in all parts of the
Willamette valley, and while Oregon City
has attained great distinction as a seat
of large factories, it is surpassed in pop
ulation by a dozen or more cities In Ore
gon and Washington.
The present population of Oregon City
is in the neighborhood of 5300. While it
is distant from Portland 12 miles, it is in
many respects a suburb of the great city,
and the time Is not far distant when the
bapks of the river between the two points
will be solidly built up.
Before the construction of 4he old Ore
gon & California railroad through the Wil
lamette valley, in the early "70s, all traf
fic on the river between Portland and tne
up-valley points was transferred at Ore
gon City, Means of transfer for a time
was afforded by a strap-rail line of road,
extending about a mile south to Cane
mah. where all boats from up-river points
landed. Mules supplied the motive power
for running the transfer cars over this
line. About 1SG6 "The Basin" was con
structed along the west side bank of the
river between Canemah and Oregon City
Until the completion of the railroad,
which was formed by the construction of
a breakwater, extending around the falls
here, "the Basin" was utilized by steam
ers to reach the docks at Oregon City.
This basin today affords excellent sites
for the establishment of factories, and
one of the largest power stations of the
Portland General Electric Company is
now run by power furnished by the fail
of water from this vast reservoir to the
river below. The large flouring mills,
woolen mills, and a few other factories
are also run by power from this source.
On the opposite side of the river are the
extensive locks and canal of the Portland
General Electric Company. It is by the
aid of these locks that boats are now
able to pass around the Willamette falls,
the river with this system of locks and
canal affording uninterrupted navigation
from Portland to points as far south
as Eugene, at the southern extrem
ity of the Willamette valley, and distant
from the mouth of the Willamette nearly
175 miles. Since the Portland General
Electric Company purchased the canal
and locks they have widened the canal
from 40 to 120 feet, and they have also re
placed the old wooden wall with one of
solid masonry, four feet wide at the top,
and with a batter of one to five, ard as
high as 31 feet. This improvement has
greatly facilitated easy navigation of the
canal, two steamboats being enabled to
pass each other in the canal now, where
only one boat could move before, and it
has also greatly increased the volume of
water carried by the canal, which has
largely added to the available power
furnished from this source.
The large electric-power station, fully
described in the article on the Portland
General Electric Company in this issue,
stands on the edge of this canal. This
is the greatest station in the world for
the production and transmission of elec
triclty produced by water power. The
maximum capacity of this station at the
present time is 6000 horse-power, but this
will soon be increased to 12,000 horse
power. The power generated here will
be principally transmitted to Portland,
for running the numerous factories cf
that city, and also for running the com
plete system of electric arc and incandes
cant lights now established in the big
city.
Oregon City Is built on a site including
within its limits the land back from the
river on both sides of the stream in the
immediate vicinity of the falls. The
river is spanned here by a fine suspension
bridge, which is free to all travel that
may pass over it. The principal business
rart of the city is built on the low land
along the east bank of the river. This
business district is included within very
narrow limits, which have permitted but
cne main street to be run through tlie
business center. Immediately back of
this thoroughfare runs the line of tne
Southern Pacific railroad, wh'le still bak
of this rites a precipitous bluff to a height
of 100 feet, and more The residence sec
tion occupies the table land extending
away westward from the edge of the
bluff, white attractive residences occupy
the low lands north of the business center
and on the attractive sites west of the
Willamette. The city Is well built, and it
is isited annually by a large number of
tourists, who come here from Portland,
either by the attractive scenic route of the
river or by the popular lines of the elec
tric road or the Southern Pacific. One
cf the greatest centers of attraction in the
state is Oregon City, located on the ro
mantic site adjacent to the Willamette
falls, and nobody can gain any knowl
edge of the importance of the available
power afforded here for running the great
industrial enterprises of Portland without
paying a visit to the spot, where many of
Oregon's historic scenes in the early de
velopment of the West were enacted.
Nearly two miles north of Oregon City
courses the Clackamas river, a rushing
stream, which is not navigable, but which
carries a large volume of water at rll
seasons of the year. The banks of this
stream afford sites for the establishment
of factories, which can be run by power
furnished by the Clackamas, hut owing
to the more available power at the falls
of the Willamette, these sites are not
utilized to any extent for the location cf
factories. On the north bank of the
Clackamas, on the direct line of the
electric road to Portland, is the townslte
of Gladstone, a popular residence spot for
many of Oregon City's people. In addi
tion to the excellent service afforded bj
the company operating the electric line
to Portland, this same company runs
cars wHich make frequent and regular
trips between Oregon City and Gladstone,
access to the center of the suburb being
gained by u. short spur leading off from
the main line at Gladstone station. The
country intervening between Oregon City
and Gladstone is a rich garden spot,
thickly settled, and producing annually
large quantities of vegetables, fruit and
other crops. Oregon City, with its sub
urbs, is one of the most important points
in the Willamette valley, and its prox
imity to Portland insures the place a
future as a manufactunng center that has
never been accorded any point on the
coast.
THE ROGUE RIVER VALLEY.
The Gnrdcn Upot of Southern Oregon
Important FruitjrrotYinjr Section.
HE valley ot the Ttogue
river vies with the fa
mous Willamette val
ley In extent, and it Is
socend to no other part
of the Pacific North
west in Its productive
powers and its attract
ive surroundings. It is
situated in that part of
IrS-'
Southern Oregon lying between the Cas
cade and Coast ranges of mountains. The
verdure of this valley is always green,
and is in sharp contrast with the parched
appearance of the sols of northern Cali
fornia, just across the Siskiyou moon-
tains to the south. The soli of the Rogus
river valley is of such depth and so hcavy
MWtas
-.
in tiae deposits of centuries of decayed
vegetation that it never dries out during
periods of even the most protracted
drouth, and In its productive capacity it
is the husbandman's paradise.
The Rogue river valley is about 40 miles
in length, with an average width of 20
mile3. It Is watered by the river of the
samtj name, which flows through, it. The
valhy extends through the counties of
Josephine and Jackson. Its soil is disin
tegrated basaltic rock washed down from
the adjacent foothills, alluvial deposits
and decomposed vegetation. Its fertility
Is remarkable, especially in its adaptabil
ity for diversified production. In color this
soil varies from a black loam, shading fo
a brown on the hillsides, to a reddish, al
most brick color in certain parts of the
valley. This soil is of great depth, and,
from the experience gained by more than
20 years of farming here, cannot be worked
out. Basaltic rock is the base of the best
soils of the Pacific Northwest, and where
the disintegrated rock Is found in such
quantities as it exists in the soli of the
Rogue river valley it is the opinion of the
scientific agriculturist that a century of
constant cultivation will not lessen its
productive capacity.
In the high elevations of the mountain
ranges encompassing the Rogue river val
ley, snow lies on the ground throughout
the winter months. Although these snow
capped mountains are in plain view of the
residents of the Kogue river valley, a
snowfall in the valley Itself is nearly as
much a phenomenon as it would be in the
streets of San Francisco. The soil is eas
ily cultivated, and It is the ideal fruit
growing section of the state.
While fruit culture is the principal pur
suit of the agriculturist of this section,
tlie lands of the valley are especially
adapted to diversified farming. Wheat
grows as well here as It does in the famed
Willamette valley, and all the grains, hay
and garden truck are raised in prodigious
quantities. Corn does especially well here,
owing to the richness of the soil and the
warm, dry temperature of the summer
and early fall months. Timothy, clover,
bluegrass and alfalfa yield crops which
impose on the credulity of Eastern vis
itors. Alfalfa in the Rogue, river valley
has yielded four abundant crops during a
single season. In the vicinity of Grant's
Pass, Woodville, Phoenix and the Apple
gatu country, all situated within the val
ley, hop culture has received special at
tention, and the quality of the hops grown
here is equal to that of the hops of tbe
Puyallup valley of Washington, and the
yiell in all cases is large.
It is as a fruitgrowing section that the
Rogue river valley has claimed the most
attention from visitors during the past
few years. There is no fruit of tlie semi
tropical variety that does not do well on
thei.e lands. Peaches grown here are not
excelled on the coast, while grapes, apri
cots and melons are of the same rich
flavor as is noted in the best productions
of southern California. The Rogue river
valley peach is the pride of the Portland
markets, and Eastern visitors say that
none of the prlmest varieties of the Dela
ware peach belt surpass it in quality.
Melons from the Rogue river valley are
annually shipped to Portland and all the
Willamette valley points in carload lots.
The Portland markets are practically sup
plied with melons from this source alone.
These melons are giants in size, and they
possess the sweetness only found in mel
ons raised on soils especially adapted to
growing this fruit to its greatest perfec
tion. Among the other varieties of fruits
grown here are apples, pears, chernes,
prunes, berries of all kinds, nectarines
and grapes. The Oregon Bartlelt pear
brings a higher price In the markets of
the coast than the California product, it
being especially noted for its size, its
abundance of juice and its remarkably
rich flavor.
Next to the peach, grapes have long been
the most staple product of the rich soils
of the Rogue river valleiyi. Experts' pro
nounce .the grapes ofisame'-oruhe JacksoA
county vineyards'i'superion-lh quality- to
the finest grapes of GaJifornla.'or even'ot
the renowned vlneyartjs of France. Time
and experience alone are required to make
the Roguo river valley dne of the greatest
wine-producing sections of the coast.
There is even today considerable wine
made In this part of the state, but it is
principally handled in a desultory way,
and the output is not yet sufficient in
quantity to insure the proper attention to
storing it which alone will produce the
quality of wine demanded by the best
markets of the coast.
The productive capacity of the soils of
the Rogue river valley can be appreciated
from the statement that figs, almonds,
and even walnuts, are successfully grown
here. Whllo the cultivation of these prod
ucts Is not carried on to any extent, for
the reason that other branches of fruit
culture and agriculture have promised
mere profitable returns here, it may be
well to note that a country which can
successfully produce the diversified crops
mentioned above approaches as closely to
the limit of an ideal agricultural section
as is reached by any of the most favored
spots of the United States.
The shipments of fruit from the Rogue
rher valley today are heavy. These ship
ments arc made principally in carload
lots, and they find a ready market in
nearly all parts of the Northwest. It is
tlie quantity produced for shipment that
is often the determining quantity In the
success ot the fruitgrower. A section that
produces sufficient fruit to enable ship
ments to be made in tralnloads will usu
ally command a better price for its out
put than the community that is only able
to offer sufficient fruit for shipment to fill
a single car. Fruitgrowing will always be
the principal industry of the Rogue river
valley, and, with the great demand that
exists for fruit of the quality raised here,
the returns from the industry will always
be profitable.
A demand exists at the present time in
the valley for encouragement of fruil
drylng as a leading industry. Certain va
rieties of fruit can be sold more profita
bly in their dried state than they can in a
fresh condition. Dried fruits are as staple
as. sugar rr coffee in all the markets of
the world. Frultdrylng affords a profita
ble field for the investment of capital in
the Rogue river valley, and it is an in
dustry that is certain to be largely de
veloped in this section within the next
few years.
Southwestern Oregon is not a treeless
waste. The hills surrounding the Rogue
river valley arc covered with a dense
growth of fine merchantable timber.
Many varieties of timber are found in the
counties of Josephine. Jackson and Curry.
The most valuable wood of this section,
however, is the sugar pine. Forests of
this wood are found in large belts, prin
cipally in Josephine county. As a finish
ing wood it is unsurpassed. A large fac
tory for tne manufacture of doors, sash,
moldings and blinds has long been es
tablished at Grant's Pacs, and during the
last year a branch factory has been estab
lished at lied ford.
The Rogue river valley is worthy of the
attention of immigrants who are in search
of a rich farming belt where a mild cli
mate predominate". Even California is
not more favored in the '.natter of climal'
than is that part of Oregon embraced
within the limits of the valley, and the re
markable growth this section has made
during the past few years correctly fore
casts what is in store for the community
within the next decade.
HAMILTON & PALM.
For full information concerning town
property in Medford, or choice improved
farms and orchards in the Rogue river
valley, communications should be ad
dressed to Messrs. Hamilton &. Palm, at
Medford. These gentlemen have for sale
fine fruit orchards within easy distance
of the town at low valuations, and these
aie offered for sale on the remarkably
CJtsy terms of ?1 23 a week installment.';.
Tiie prcjfits from these orchards accruing
to the purchasers during the period that
the installments mi-st be paid will ;iot
only meet the purchase price, but will in
sure the purchaser a fair living at the
same time.
Ttvo Prodigies.
Mound City. Mo., has a 13-ycar-old boy
wbo weighs 212 pounds, and Casco, Mc a
12-year-old girl who weighs C23 pounds.
THE MINING CENTER
BAKER CITY IS THE OUTFITTIXG
rOIXT FOR THE 3IIXERS.
The Rich Mining: District of Eastern
Oregon Most Productive Prop
erties In the State.
AKER CITY, like
many of the other
important points of
the coast, was first
established as a min
ing camp. The moun
tains of Baker and
"Union counties, asec
tion directly tributa
ry to Baker City, are
rich in deposits of
gold, silver and ga
lena, and the wash- j
ings of gold from
these heavy deposits
found their way into
the numerous valleys
below, where they
were discovered by
the intrepid miner
during the first days
of theBolseBaslnex
citeraent. Placer
mining in the vicin
Jg&
ity of Baker City was long an industry
that yielded enormous sums of money,
and the later development of the quartz
ledges from which these placer deposits
had been carried, as well as the rich silver
and galena veins in the same district, has
retained for Baker City the early promi
nence the place attained as a prosperous
mining center.
Baker City is located at the head of the
Powder river valley. Its present popula
tion Is about 3000. This population is
largely increased during the winter
months, however, when enforced inactiv
ity in the mining districts causes great
numbers of miners to seek the more con
genial surroundings and milder climate
of city life.
Baker City is on the direct line of the
PUBLIC SCHOOL.
:t
FROXT STIIEET,
O. R. : N. Co., which connects for all
points east with the Oregon Short Line
at Huntington, 47 miles east. In addition
to the. main line of the O. R. & N. Co., a
short 'line of railroad. 25 miles in length,
runs from Baker City to the Sumter val
ley district,, tapping a rich mineral and
timberbelt of country. Several stage
lines also operate from this point, afford
ing transportation to the tributary min
ing districts.
The width of the main business street
of Baker City is particularly noticeable,
as it affords a fine avenue of ample dimen
sions to properly handle all the heavy
traffic that seeks this place as a trading
point. This street Is full 100 feet in
width, and It Is a well-kept thoroughfore.
The other streets of the city are SO feet
wide. The fine class of business brick
buildings which line this street impart to
the city a metropolitan appearance. The
principal business men arc prosperous,
and some of the wealthiest men of East
ern Oregon make their homes at this
point.
In addition to the great mineral wealth
of the country immediately tributary to
Baiter City, which receives extended men
tion in the general article treating of Ore
gon in the present number, this place is
the center of a rich agricultural section,
the acreage of which will be largely in
creased by the completion of the great
system of irrigating ditches now under
construction here. Irrigation is king in
Oregon, just as it is in the rich districts
tributary to Boise City in Idaho. All of
the land in the valleys of Baker and Union
counties yields enormous crops as soon as
water is carried to it in sufficient quanti
ties to properly irrigate it. It is not all
of this land that is in need of irrigation,
but the land that Is arid without water
yields so abundantly when irrigated, and
there are such quantities of this land
which can be irrigated to advantage, that
the completion of the ditches now being
jlug in the vicinity of Baker City will
make this place as important an agricul
tural center as are any of the best towns
of the Willamette valley.
The single bank in Baker City has han
dled during the past year nearly $300,000 in
gold, gold taken out of the tributary min
ing belt. In addition to the trade with
the mining district and the source of
wealth this district is to Baker City, the
place supports a considerable manufac
turing Industry. Two saw mills, a foun
dry and a brewery are being successfully
operated here. Powder river, which flows
through Baker City, affords an available
water-power of considerable magnitude.
In the matter of public improvements
Baker City is fully abreast of the times.
The gravity water system supplies an
abundance of water for domestic purposes
and it also affords sufficient pressure in
the mains to insure protection against
fire. In addition to the complete arc and
incandescent system of electric lighting,
a local gas company supplies a good qual
ity of gas for illuminating purposes. The
system of public schools is good, and
strong church organizations of the differ
ent denominations are maintained here.
The moral crusade which is now sweep
ing over the country might have emanated
from the attempt made in Baker City
some months since to suppress certain
forms of vice which had long been toler
ated here. The city today is well gov
erned; the cheap gambler and confidence
man has found It to his Interest to seek
other fields for the display of his special
talent, and the law-abiding element here
prides itself on the fact that in Baker
City no open display of vice is tolerated,
and that the government of the place is
not subject to the influence of the vicious
clement.
Five-Cent Cotton.
Philadelphia Press.
Cotton at 3 cents a pound is a profitable
crop, the American Wool and Cotton Re
porter argues, because at this price cotton
is grown on only part of the farm, and the
rtst is given to corn, pork and other food.
In other words, cheap cotton has forced
the diversification of farming at the South,
which never would have come with cotton
at twice this price. An acre of cotton.
e-en at 3 cents a pound, can be cultivated
for the price of 140 pounds ot lint, and in
Texas 230 pounds are often grown, and
with fertilizers 100 pounds. Whre the
entire farm is in cotton and food has to
be bought, there is no money in this, but
where food enough is grown on the farm
I to care for farmer, hands and stock, the
cotton becomes pure profit: and the fact participated in the sham battle, which
that at the cheapest price ever known forias ono of the features of the occasion,
cotton the South is growing Its largest ;w Company E is the leading company in
crop ot both corn and cotton gives color i
to this reasoning.
PORTLAND'S SAFETY.
The First Regiment, O. X. G- nnd the
Good Material of "Which. It
Is Composed.
ri
II E First Infantry.
Orecon National
fr &$K
$8m
Guard, was organ-
ized under the Ca-J
M$&&
tionai uuaru act
passed by the Oregon
state legislature on
July 1. 1SS4. The bill
was drafted by Colo
nel Summers, then a
member of the house.
The history of the
organization since its
inception has been
one of continued
prosperity. It is com
posed of nine com-nanles-A.
B. C. E,
t -iw -7WT i
S k
S5r?
F. G. H. I and X.
The enrolled strength of each company at
the present time averages 43, officers and
men. In addition to the force of the com
panies there are an engineer corps of 30
men and a hospital corps of 17 men. Th"e
entire regiment, with the exception of
companies B and F. is stationed at Port
land, where there has been erected one of
the most substatial and attractive armo
ries west of the Mississippi river. Com
pany B is stationed at McMinnville, and
company F at Oregon City.
The Armory in Portland is situated on
Couch street, and occupies the entire
block extending from Eighth to Ninth.
It Is constructed of brick and stone, and
is built to withstand quite a protracted
siege.
The law-abiding element reposes a con
fidence in the First regiment stationed
here which would not be abused should
the occasion ever arise when tbe services
of this efficient body of militia might be
needed. The officers of the regiment are
all experienced and competent men, and
the enlisted men have shown on several
occasions in tlie past that they were will
ing to obey implicitly any orders given by
thelr officers. On occasions of serious
r.JKER CITY.
breaches of the peace in any community,
a thoroughly disciplined body of men un
der arms can perform a service that is in
valuable, and the n aintenance of the
efficient organization of the First regi
ment, at Portland has already been of the
greatest benefit to the city in the preven
tion of outbreaks which undoubtedly
v.ould have occurred had not the presence
of this well-organized body of men served
as a check on the inclinations of the un
ruly element who would have created dis
turbances had they felt that their
strength justified them in defying the or
ganised strength of the militia. The ros
ter of the field and staff of the First regi
ment at the present time is as follows:
Charles. F. Beebe, colonel.
O. Summers, Heutenant-coIoneL
E. Everett, major.
C. U. Gantenbein, major.
E. P. Crowne, adjutant.
C. A. Macrum, surgeon.
A. J. Brown, chaplain.
G. N. Wolfe, inspector rifle practice.
L. H. Knapp, quartermaster.
D. J. Moore, commissary of subsistence.
J. F. Barrett, signal officer.
Sanford Whiting, assistant surgeon.
F. M. White, engineer.
COMPANY A.
Captain, J. C. Rutcnic.
First lieutenant, vacant.
Second lieutenant, R. Eccles.
This cempany was organized in 1S62,
under the title of company B, Washington
Guards, with C. S. Mills as captain, he
proving a very able officer, giving the
company its military stamp that has en
dured for more than a quarter of a cen
tury. When, during the civil war, all the
officers and most of the privates of com
pany A volunteered into service to gar
rison forts and guard Indian reservations,
from which the regulars were withdrawn,
upon the incipiency of the national strug
gle, this company assumed the letter
"A," and retained this title up to 18S7.
when it reorganized under the present
militia law of the state
Upon Captain Mills' death, in 1S73, Ho
ratio Cock was commissioned captain of
the company, and remained in command
until 1SS7.
Company A was unattached until 1SSI,
when it formed part of the battalion
under Lieutenant-Colonel J. K. Phillips.
It was made part of the First regi
ment upon its organization, at which
time A. J. Southerland was made its
captain. During the following two years
a frequent change of captains, though
they were severally efficient officers, de
tracted from the harmony of its con
stituent parts. F. G. Abell, in June,
!Sb7; A. B. McAlpiu, in April, 1SS8. and B.
B. Tultle, in June, 18SS, were successlvely
commlssioncd captains. Captain B. B.
Tuttle resigned the captaincy upon his ac
ceptance of the position of major of the
regiment.
COMPANY B (M'MINNVILLE).
Captain, H. L. Heath.
First lieutenant, C. H. Fleming.
Second lieutenant, Walter Link.
This company was organized in 1830. and
holds high rank among its sister compa
nies in point of organization, drill and
discipline.
COMPANY C.
Captain, P. G. Eastwick, jr.
First lieutenant, J. H. Porter.
Second lieutenant, W. T. Bird.
Company C was organized September
17, 1SSS, with a membership of 40 men, and
in two weeks from the time the company
was mustered in the regiment it had its
full quota of men. Its membership com
prises some of the best young men in
Portland.
COMPANY E.
Captain, F. E. Gaus.
First lieutenant, vecant.
Second lieutenant, W. C. Rooke.
This company Is one of the oldest mil
itary companies in the state, having been
organized May 23, 1SS3, when the members
of the Grand Army of the Republic or
ganized the "Veteran Guard," with the
membership confined to comrades of the
G. A. R. The company consisted of 3
mer commanded by Captain N. S. Pierce.
First Lieutenant O. Summer?, and Second
Lieutenant Scott Phillips. On the follow
ing Fourth of July a g.and encampment
of the G. A. R. was held in Portland, and
on that occasion the "Veteran Guard"
acted as an escort to visiting posts, and
ar
marKsraanship, having won a number of
prizes given for that purpose.
COMPANY F (OREGON CITY).
Captain. J. W. Ganong.
First lieutenant, F. S. Kelly.
Second lieutenant, vacant.
This company is composed of sturdy
men interested In furthering its advance
ment and assuring for it a place second to
none among the other companies in, the
regiment
COMPANY G.
Captain, L. C. Farrar.
First lieutenant. G. T. Wlllett.
Second lieutenant, J. W. Newkirk.
This company was mustered into the
service of the state November 13, 1SS3, by
Brigadier-General William -Kapus. The
officers for the first two years were: L. C.
Farrar, captain; A. J. Coffee, first lieu
tenant, and H. C. Johnson, second lieu
tenant. Captain Farrar has been the
only captain. Lieutenant Coffee served
four years as first lieutenant, and was
elected captain of company I. He was
succeeded by Lieutenants R. E. Davis and
G. T. Willett, the present incumbenL
Lieutenant Johnson was elected major,
and was succeeded by Lieutenant E- W.
Moore, who was elected captain of com
pany E, and was succeeded by Lieuten
ant W. F. Kcan, who, in time, was suc
ceeded by Lieutenant George T. Willett
and Lieutenant J. W. Newkirk, the pres
ent Incumbent.
Company G has participated In and
won three competitive drills, defeating
company E July 4. 1SS4, the Seattle Rifles
Decemher 11. 1SS6 and the Tacoma Guards
July 3. 1SS7. Challenges have repeatedl
been extended to the San Francisco com
panies, but without any acceptance.
This Is the senior company of the regi
ment, and has established its reputation
as a well-drilled and disciplined body of
men. There has always been a great deal
of enthusiasm among its members, which
has resulted in keeping the company in
the front rank.
COMPANY H.
Captain. R. G. Jubitz.
First lieutenant, T. A. Marquam.
Second lieutenant. R. W. Holmes.
This company is the youngest in the
regiment, having been organized In 1S92
among the more advanced students at the
high school in this city. Its members are
earnest and enthusiastic. One of the larg
est companies, it always shows a full
percentage of "present for duty" on
occasions of drill and ceremony. Captain
C. LT. Gantenbein, chosen to command
when the company was organized, has
recently been promoted second major of
the regiment.
COMPANY I.
Captain, A. J. Coffee.
First lieutenant, J. F. Case.
Second lieutenant, J. F. Drake.
This company was organized July 1, 1SS7,
and mustered into the service of the state
by Lieutenant-Colonel Merrill, with It.
K. Warren, captain; William Pomeroy.
first lieutenant, and R. E. Sewell, second
lieutenant. It was formerly an independ
ent company, known as the "High School
Cadets."v Captain Coffee, the present
commanding officer, is an enthusiastic and
competent soldier, and ambitious In e
erythlng relating to the military pro-
ression and the welfare of his company.
In drill, discipline and soldierly bear
ing company I is equal to the best. The
utmost harmony and good will prevails
among its members, and all endeavor to
increase the fair fame of their organiza
tion. COMPANY K.
Captain, C. K. Cranston.
First lieutenant, A. B. Mason. ,
Second lieutenant, I. C. Hicks.
Company K, usually known as the
"Business 3.1en's Company," was the out
growth of the anti-Chinese excitement
in the spring of 1SS6. The situation at
that time became so threatening that it
was deemed necessary to increase the
effective militia force, and company K,
composed of about 100 of the best young
and middle-aged men of the city, was
mustered in on April o, 1SS6, for 90 days,
with E. H. Merrill, a graduate of West
Point, for captain; C. F. Beebe. an old
member of the New York Seventh, for
first lieutenant, and E. R. Adams, second
lieutenant. At the end of 90 days it was
again mustered in for the full term of
three years.
ENGINEER CORPS.
G. W. Povey, second lieutenant, com
manding. This corps was organized in 1890. In ad
dition to regular infantry drill, it is fre
quently exercised in the use of the saber.
On the two occasions of encampment, in
1S91 and 1893, the corps performed arduous
and most competent duty in laying out
the camp, constructing rifle ranges and
other features.
THE HOSPITAL CORPS
Is under the command ot Captain Ma
crum, regimental surgeon. It is in a
flourishing condition and carefully in
structed and practiced in the professional
routine Involved in a proper perform
ance of duty.
We carry a complete stock: of
homeopathic medicines and sundries
for domestic jiud physicians use.
ThlH is the only pharmacy devoted
exclusively to homeopathy on the
Pnclfic Coast.
BQERIGKE& RUNYON,
303 WASHINGTON ST, - - PORTLAND, OR.
VTblll Will surely find that
S HJ'SLa fn every particular
there is no superior
amongall baking pou.
xboericke&runyonJ
V2.303WASHINGT0HST.
V, PORTLAND &
N& 0R- ct&S
rfggW TRADE '?. .
mf m Bo ijfs
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